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江苏自学考试英语笔记

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江苏自学考试英语笔记

00602口译与听力(实践)南京师范大学编江苏省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室一、课程目的与要求口译与听力是自学考试英语专业本科段的一门重要的语言实践课程。通过考生平时自学和实践以及条件允许下的课堂学习,在听力方面,考生应能基本听懂英语国家新闻媒体的新闻报道和和有关社会事件、经济发展、科技动态等领域的一般性节目,并能作简要的笔头摘要;在口译方面,要求考生能够较为熟练地运用英语能力、翻译技巧和背景知识,完成对包括有关外事接待、国际事务、中国国情及文化等诸多方面内容在内的语言材料进行汉英两种语言之间的口语转换。二、考试说明 1.听力考试 1)高级听力考试为水平考试,考试方式为考生听录音磁带,同时答题目。答卷分试题和答题纸两部分。考试全长约70分种,其中前60分钟为考生听录音答题时间(具体时值以录音实际长度为准)。录音结束后,考生有10分钟的时间把答案誊写到答题卡上。 2)考试题型听力考试共有四个部分(Sections)。其中前两部分为客观题,形式为单项选择,即A、B、C、D四项中选一项。后两部分为主观题,形式为书面回答。总分值为50分。 3)题型说明第一部分简要新闻理解(14分)这部分由7段简要新闻(news in brief)组成。一般为国际主要英语媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、MSNBC等提供的简要新闻报道。每段新闻相应在试题中有两个单项选择题。每段新闻的录音播放两遍,然后考生有30秒时间答题。第二部分详细报道理解(10分)这一部分由两段较长的录音构成。形式不一,一般是国际主要英语媒体的对新闻事件的详细报道(news in detail),也可能是国外广播电视英语节目的节选。每段报道相应在试题中有五个单项选择题。每段报道录音播放两遍,然后考生有一分钟时间答题。第三部分详细报道内容摘要(20分)这一部分由两段较长的录音构成,性质同第二部分相同。针对每一段录音,考试卷面上将给出有关该录音内容的两或三个关键词组,要求考生根据所听内容写出和关键词组相关的信息。录音播放两遍,每一遍后留有一分钟时间供考生书写答案。第四部分听写(6分)在这一部分,考生将听到一篇150-200词的录音。录音的文字印在卷面,上面有六处空白,要求考生把空白处的文字听写出来。每个空的文字量5词左右。录音连续不间断地播放三遍。 2.口译考试1)口译考试为水平考试。形式为考官面试。从考试的客观公平出发,每位考生必须同时接受至少两位考官的测评。口译的内容事先录制在磁带上,届时为考生播放,考生做即席口译。 2)考试程序口译考试分为两部分,汉译英和英译汉。汉译英部分汉译英部分有两个阶段。第一阶段是单句口译,总计15分。考生将听到4句话,每句中文30字左右。内容涉及日常生活、外事安排、中国国情、中国文化等。每一句的录音播放之后,考生应在30秒内译出该句。第二阶段是段落口译,计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾,第二遍录音播放时,在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间译出该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。英译汉部分英译汉部分有两个阶段。第一阶段是单句口译,总计15分。考生将听到4句话,每句英语30词左右。内容涉及日常生活、外国人在华生活、国际事务等。每一句的录音播放之后,考生应在30秒内译出该句。第二阶段是段落口译,计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾,第二遍录音播放时,在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间译出该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。 3)口译总体要求全部或绝大部分信息被译出,译法准确得当,重点词汇翻译准确,语音地道,语流顺畅,基本上一次完成,允许有少许自然停顿。三、学习方法由于客观条件的限制,加上广大自考生不可能有很多时间投入到外语实践这一情况,学好“口译与听力”对他们来说有着相当大的难度。口译与听力要求学习者有很大的语言输入和语言实践,仅仅依靠课本,显然是不够的。课本只是给学生提供了一个学习的框架,真正水平的提高要靠平时的自学。要想提高听力理解能力,首先要保证语言素材的大量输入。本科段的高级听力给考生提出了更高的要求,既在实践层次上的要求——听真实材料。考生不能把目光只盯在教科书上,翻来覆去地听课本所配磁带是不会有大长进的。应该说虽然英语在中国的使用从总体来讲还是相当有限,但今天的改革开放和信息社会已经使英语无处不在。世界上主要媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、CCTV-9等的播音节目都可能通过电视或互联网获得。英语国家的大报如Washington Post、New York Times等都在互联网上提供新闻广播或视频观看服务。国内目前有大量的各种英语原声杂志和琳琅满目的英语原版电影DVD光盘。这些都是练习听力的好材料。在练习听力的时候,要注意方法,讲求收效。练习听力要保持从材料中索取信息的兴趣和兴奋度,保证定时定量,把握难易度,根据不同的材料性质决定精听和泛听。听时最好有录音的文字稿,这样可以对照检验,分析没有听懂的原因,逐步地提高听力水平。在口译学习上,考生需要付出的精力更多。口译是一种复杂的综合语言技能,需要知识、能力和心理素质的共同参与。练习口译注意抓住几个方面。一是英语水平的培养。口译几乎可以说是包括全部语言技能在内的一种综合技能。平时口译的机会很少,学习者可以多做一些笔译练习,打下扎实的外语语言基本功。经常注意英汉两种语言在表达方法、甚至在文化思维定势上的差异,逐渐摆脱中式英语,向地道的英语迈进。二是口译工作带有鲜明的时代特点。随着社会的发展,新的语汇和新的表达法不断地涌现,这就要求学习者在平时注意观察和积累。收集对同一事件的中英文两种报道,对照学习,这不失为一种好办法。三要注意口译工作自身的特点,即译员必须及时且独立地完成口译。这就意味着掌握好准确性和灵活性的结合。实质性的内容必须准准无误地译出,而一些诗句、成语、俚语、俗语、个人习惯用语等则要灵活处理,译成对方文化易于理解的内容。四.自学教材听力:《英语高级听力》,何其莘等编著,外语教学与研究出版社,2002年。口译:《高级口译教程》,梅德明编著,上海外语教育出版社,2006年。

我昨天在自考书店买的书是《高级口译教程》和《高级听力教程》,老板跟我讲,就是这两本书!不知道到底对不对啊???求解答!

今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考英语二教材笔记,自考英语二官方教材的相关问题解答,还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦,以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答,希望对你考试有帮助!自考英语二到底考些什么?英语二题型分布为:综合填空(完型填空)20道,每题0.5分,共10分;阅读理解5篇文章,25题,每题2分共50分;英语翻译:英语翻译成中文15分。英文写作两篇:大作文和小作文总共25分。英语二考试难度是在英语四、六级之间。如何学好自考英语二 下面6个步骤帮你解决1、教材准备。首先大家如果有需要,可以买一本英语二的教材,也可以借别人的过来参考一些。2、考试大纲。考试大纲是很重要的,复习的策略是把考试大纲规定的单词背好,涉及到英语二的基础语法一定要弄懂。根据大纲来复习,要求识记和掌握的重点背下来,就可以有好的成绩。3、单词记忆。单词背诵主要以考试大纲为蓝本。而且单词背诵要贯穿始终,每天都要坚持背点,多重复日积月累才会收到良好效果。4、历年真题。真题也是很重要的一方面,做题要选择英语(二)历年真题。因为真题的含金量最大,考生可以通过历年真题了解到考试重点和题型分布。对于以前做过的题目,不妨回头再做,有的题隔一段时间再做,可以加强复习效果。在做完历年真题后把答案在教材书上找出来。因为自考试题是从题库中出来的,往往会反复考到,只要把这些题目都背下来,一般及格没有问题。5、另外在做真题的同时,还要选择一些适合的模拟题来做。模拟题一定要找适合自考水平的题,如果选择太难或太易的题,对于英语(二)考试没有太大的作用。通过做题要掌握解题技巧,摸清出题思路,达到熟能生巧。6、在复习的同时还需要积累一些课外知识,这对提高阅读理解解题能力有较大帮助。例如,考生如果有时间就要多看看与自考难易程度相当的文章。不过也不能选择难度太大的,可以看些《大学英语》、《英语沙龙》等有英汉对照的刊物来看。请问这个是非英语专业本科自考的指定教材吗?没错,同路人。谁那里有自考劳动法的复习笔记?我还想问一下,用旧的笔记没什么大事?教材变版本后,其实内容差不多,以前的额资料还是能用的自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

江苏自学考试英语笔记整理

3. Diamonds are made from carbon. 由……制成,可以用be made from和be made of两个词组来表达。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么,而be made of可以看出该物品由什么材料制成的。如: 1) Paper is made from some plants. (纸是由某些植物制成的。) 2) This beer is made from grain. (这种啤酒是用粮食酿制的。) 3) The houses were made of brick. (这些房屋是砖造的。) 4) This toy is made of cotton. (这个玩具是布做的。) 4. Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds. extreme在句中做形容词用,意思是“极度的”,如: 1) Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. (极度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的动物苏醒。) 2) They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. (冬天时,他们将不得不忍受极度的不适。) change…into意思是“把…转变为…”,如: 1) Water changes into vapour when heated. (水加热后转变为蒸气。) 2) Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. (你去银行就能很容易地把这些美元换成人民币。) 5. Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot, liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth. 请注意such与so之间的不同用法。such后面接名词,而so后面接形容词或副词。如: 1) I don't believe he could make such a mistake. (我相信他不会犯这样的错误的。) 2) How can you go out on such a rainy day? (在这样的雨天里,你怎么能出门?) 3) He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. (他说话太快,我听不懂。) 4) I'm so glad you could come. (你能来我真高兴。) mass在本句中的意思是“(聚成一体的)团、块”,比如: 1) a mass of hot air(一团热气) 2) a mass of sand(一堆沙) 3) Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. (一团云聚集大量的水蒸气就形成了雨。) Mass也可以做形容词用,意思是“群众的”、“大量的”,如: 1) a mass meeting (群众大会) 2) mass education (大众教育) 3) mass media (大众传媒) 4) Mass production could very well cut the cost. (大规模生产可以降低成本。) 6. It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust. It is thought that…是一个很常用的句型,类似的句型在英语中很多,比如: 1) It is / was, has been…, reported that… 2) It is / was, has been…, stated that… 3) It is / was, has been…, pointed out that… 4) It is / was, has been…, mentioned that… 5) It is / was, has been…, believed that… 7. A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed. B. The first known area was in India, where diamonds were found thousands of years ago. 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。A句是限定性定语从句,B句是非限定性定语从句。A、B两句中都是用关系副词where来引导定语从句,修饰表示地点的名词。请看下面的句子,注意限定性定语从句一般不用逗号隔开: 1) Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit? (附近有什么商店可以买到水果吗?) 2) This is the place where we met yesterday. (这是我们昨天碰头的地方。) 3) The small town, where he once worked, has turned to be a modern city. (他曾经工作过的那座小城,已经变成现代化的城市了。) 8. In the 1600's…(十七世纪) In the 1720's…(十八世纪二十年代) In the 1800's…(十九世纪) 请注意年代的表达方法,以上的年代也可以表达为in the 1600s; in the 1720s; in the 1800s.如果我们要表达“在十七世纪初(中、末)期”,则可以说in the early(mid, late) 1600's/1600s. 9. Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe. become / be popular with / among是一个常用词组,意思是“受…欢迎”,请看下面的句子: 1) These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. (这些中国工艺品很受外国朋友的喜爱。) 2) His novels are popular among young people. (他的小说很受年轻人的喜爱。) 3) Classical music is popular among more and more people. (古典音乐受到越来越多的人的喜爱。) 10. India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2,500 yeas of mining the stones. Supply在句子中做名词用,意思是“供应”。Supply常常可以做动词用,意思是“供给,提供”。请看下面的句子: 1) Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. (如果供求关系平衡的话,就能实现经济的稳定。) 2) Many materials are in short supply. (许多材料供应不足。) 3) The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. (不断增长的世界人口将对粮食供应带来重负。) 4) You have to supply him with an answer. (你得给他提供一个答案。) 5) Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. (大多数城镇都有自来水和电力供应。) run out是一个常用词组,意思是“用完,用尽”。请看例句: 1) Time is running out. We have to hurry. (时间快到了,我们得快点。) 2) My patience is running out. (我快要耐不住了。) 3) His luck seemed to have run out. (他的好运似乎结束了。) 我们也可以用run out来表达类似的意思,但run out of的主语应该是“某人”。如: 1) They have run out of money, so they have to find a job. (他们钱用完了,所以得找一份工作。) 2) I have run out of ink. (我的墨水用完了。) 11. People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds. -ful通常加在名词后面,构成形容词,如care-careful,help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一个名词,意思是“一把”,在单词部分,我们已经提到过,英语中有不少这样的词,如: 1) He gave me a basketful of beaches. (他给了我满满一篮子桃子。) 2) She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. (她往汤里撒了满满一勺盐。) 3) Tom is carrying an armful of books. (汤姆抱着一捆书。) sort out是一个常用词组,意思是“整理,分类”,如: 1) Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. (把大点的整理出来,放在盒子里。) 2) It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. (把我们所有的行李整理好花了不少时间。) bottom在句子中做名词用,意思是“底部”。bottom还有“尽头、末端”的意思。请看例句: 1) There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. (茶壶底部有些沉淀物。) 2) At the bottom of the mountain, there is a beautiful village. (在山脚下有个美丽的村子。) 3) I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. (我衷心地感谢你。) 4) Bottoms up. (干杯。) 12. These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20,000 years ago. where they were formed是where引出的名词性从句,作介词from的宾语。请看下面的句子: 1) He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. (他对事故在哪儿发生的只字未提。) 2) She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. (她还没有决定到哪儿去度假。)

10.solution n. 解决办法 solve v. 解决 1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借贷只能暂时解决这个国家的经济困难。) 2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (经过一天的仔细考虑,他才想出一个好办法。) 3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我们应该一起解决我们国家的问题。) 4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解决这个问题。) 5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他们找到了解决这个问题的新办法。) (请注意用solution这个名词时,通常用a solution to a problem表示“问题的解决办法。”。) 11.adapt v. 使适应,使适合;改写 1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我们应该使自己的思想适应新的情况。) 2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment. (一些动物改变它们的习性以适应环境。) 3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想适应新的生活方式吗?) 4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他们把小说改编为电影。) 请注意adapt 和adopt的区别,adopt意为“采用;收养”。 1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他们准备采用新的养蚕技术。) 2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。) 12. perfect adj. 完美的;完全的 v. 使完美,改善 1)He speaks perfect English. (他说一口地道的英语。) 2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由这位演员担任这一角色再理想不过了。) 3)He is in perfect health. (他身体十分健康。) 4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是个完全陌生的人。) 5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. (他们决定把儿子送到英国去提高他的英语水平。) 13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 accept v. 接受 1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (这个建议大家都能接受。) 2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (汤姆在测验中的分数尚可。) 3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (别以为在电视上看到的一切都是真实的。) 4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我没指望他接受我的建议。) 5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (这个计划受到了人们的普通欢迎。) 6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地点头表示赞同。) 14. evidence n. 发现;(调查或研究)结果;根据 evident adj. 明显的 1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你这样说有任何根据吗?) 2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。) 3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (显然,我们彼此不了解。) 4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他带着明显的失望说话。) 5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best. (我们有充分的证据说明他们的工作是的。) 15. determine v. 决定;确定 determined adj. 下决心的 determination n. 决心;结论 1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已决定了行动计划。) 2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事实。) 3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父亲决心戒烟。) 4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化验报告后下了结论。) 5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是个有决断力的人。) 16. growth n. 生长 grow v. 生长 1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游业的发展实在令人惊异。) 2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems. (世界人口的迅速发展带来了越来越多的问题。) 3)His hair has grown too long. (他的头发长得太长了。) 4)Friendship grew between them. (他们之间产生了友情。) 5)You will grow used to it. (你会渐渐对此习惯的。) 本课主要构词法 Affixation 词缀法 1. 形容词后缀 -able disagreeable acceptable 2. 副词后缀 -ly scientifically previously entirely frequently 3. 名词后缀 -ion imagination solution 4. 反义词前缀 un- unknown unpleasant 本课简介 在“Scientific Attitudes”这篇课文中,作者指出科学始于人类对周围环境的疑问。当人类具有去伪存真的能力时,科学也开始迅猛发展。好奇和想像是有助于推动科学发现和发展重要素质。作者还认为具有科学头脑的人相信“因果”关系。任何现象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被发现。思想开放、无偏见;尊重别人的观点;凡事以事实为依据都是科学的态度。 人物背景 1.Benjamin Franklin:富兰克林(1706-1790年),美国政治家及科学家。美国18世纪名列华盛顿后的最的人物,参加起草独立宣言。在科学方面进行过有名的电实验,并对电做了理论说明。只受过极短的正规教育,全靠勤奋自学成才。法国经济学家杜尔哥颂扬他“从天空抓到雷电,从专制统治者手中夺回权力”。 2.Thomas Edison:爱迪生(1847-1931年),美国发明家。技术历史中显著的天才之一,拥有白炽灯、留声机、电影放映机等1093种发明专利,还创办了世界上第一个工业研究实验室。 3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理学家及天文学家。对现代科学思想的发展作出过重大贡献。最早用望远镜观察天体,并曾用大量事实证明地球环绕太阳转,否定地心说。 4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法国化学家及微生物学家。证明发酵及传染病是微生物引起的,创始并首先应用疫苗接种以预防狂犬病、鸡霍乱等,挽救了法、英等国的养蚕业和啤酒业。 5.Edward Jenner:金纳(1749-1823年),英国医生,牛痘接种法创始人。历经周折使牛痘接种法得以公认,并传播到欧美大陆及全世界,使天花的病死率大为下降。

Unit9(第26讲—第28讲) 本课简介 在learned words and popular words这篇课文中,作者对学术词汇和普通词汇进行了定义。讲述了两类词汇之间的差异,并且指出把词分为学术的和普通的方便而且有道理。但是人们必须注意,把普通词汇理解为属于大众所有的词,而不是某个特定阶层的人们所拥有的东西。学术词汇也并非有学问之人专用,只是它的存在是由于书籍和文学的培养而不是日常会话的实际需要。 本课主要语言点 1. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, make up the whole vocabulary. class在本句中的意思是“种类”,相当于type, category.如: 1)It is very difficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.(要满足各种读者的需要十分困难) 2)How many classes are you going to divide these books? (你打算把这些书分成几类?) class 还常用来表示“等级”,如:a second-class hotel (二等旅馆); an economy-class ticket (经济舱票);fly first class (乘头等舱航空旅行)。 class 也可以用动词用,意思是“把 …分类;把…看作”,如: 1)At 19 you are still classed as a teenager.(到了十九岁,你仍旧是青少年。) 2)He was classed as a genius (他被看作为天才) make up 在本句中的意思是“组成、构成”,请看例句: 1)Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls make up the class (二十六名男生和二十四名女生组成了这个班) 2)Twelve doctors made up the medical team (十二名医生组成医疗队) 用被动语态时则应用be made up of,如: This engine is made up of 490 parts (这台发动机是由四百九十个部件装配而成的) taken together 过去分词短语做后置定语,对中心词做一些附加说明,相当于一个非限定性定语从句,要用逗号和中心词隔开,如: All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my brother.(抽屉里的这些用铅笔写的信都是我弟弟写的。) 2. First, there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. 句子中which引导的都是定语从句,修饰中心词words.第一个which的前面有介词with,这儿的with是familiar with中的介词前置了。Familiar with 意为“熟悉”。如:Are you familiar with the man standing over there?(站在那边的那个人你熟悉吗?) 请注意familiar with 与familiar to 的区别,familiar with 的主语通常是人,而familiar to的主语通常是物。如: 1)I am not familiar with this place. 2) This place is mot familiar to me. that is to say 是插入语,其作用是对整个一句话进行解释,类似的插入语还有so to speak, if I may say so, if you don't mind等等,如: 1)I'd really rather not go, if you don't mind 我确实不想去,你如果不介意的话。 2) The new emperor was, so to speak, a puppet.新皇帝可以说是个傀儡。 3.They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of who speak the language concern 在句中的意思是“涉及,有关于”,如: 1)Don't interfere in things that don't concern you (别干预跟你无关的事)。 2)The energy problem concerns us all (能源问题关系到我们每个人) stock的意思很多,如“存货”,“股票”,“公债券”,“牲畜”等。 1)They hold a rich stock of information (他们掌握着丰富的材料) 2)You cannot buy it because it's out of stock (你买不成了,货品已经脱销) 3)He used to have a stock farm (他曾经拥有一个畜牧场) 4)The fridge was carefully stocked up with food.(冰箱里周到地放满了食品) stock in trade 也可以写成stock in trade,意思是“例行工作”,“常规”,如: 1)Complaints were a stock in trade of an airport manager's job (机场经理的工作就是常常面对投诉) 2)He was the master of black humor, it was his stock in trade (他是黑色幽默大师,黑色幽默是他的专长) 4.Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only. since 在句中引导的是一个原因状语从句,请看例句: 1)Since it was Saturday, he got up very late (因为是周六,他起床很晚。) 2)You can take the place of him since he is not interested (你可以取代他,因为他对这事不感兴趣) at large 在本句中的意思是“整个”,这个词组的意思还有很多,请看下面的句子: 1)The people at large love peace (大多数人热爱和平) 2)The virus is still at large (这种病毒还在蔓延) 3)The murderer is still at large (杀人犯仍逍遥法外) 4)He talked at large about his plans (他详尽地谈了自己的计划) 5)They made the arrangements at large (他们随意地做了安排 ) 5. 请注意区别与possession 有关的两个词组:in possession of sth……和 in the possession of sb. 1)He is in possession of this house (他拥有这所房子) 2)The house is in the possession of him 3)On the other hand, our language includes large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. 英语中有许多表示启承转合的词语,阅语中注意这些词有助于我们提高理解力,写作中注意用这些词,有助于我们把文章写得连贯、有条理。On the other hand 在本句中用来表示不同或相反的语气,在前一段中讲了popular word 这一段中作者则要讲讲learned words. 表示不同或相反语气的词还有很多,比如:Conversely, however, on the contrary, unlike, whereas, yet等等。 前面我们提到过number可以与可数名词连用,而amount可与不可数名词连用,如: 1)A large number of students have passed the exam (许多学生已经通过了考试) 2)They paid a large amount of money for the house (他们付了一大笔钱买了这座房子) 6.Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home occasion 通常可以做可数名词用,意思是“时刻、场合”;也可以做不可数名词用,意思是:“必要性、需要;机会”。如: 1)They're met on several occasions (他们已相遇过好几次) 2)They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。(有时候你会觉得说“再见”很难。) 3)I don't remember I had occasion to blame him (我不记得我有责备他的必要) 7.In the latter, we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly the same meaning 在前一句中用了“in the first case,” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .对两件事分别进行表述时,可以用in the first case, in the latter case 这一类词,条理非常清楚,也可以用the former,the latter 来表述。derivation 是derive 的名词形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁语词源的词”,请看例句: 1)These words are derived from Latin (这些词由拉丁语派生而来) 2)The derivation of words is interesting (词的派生很有意思) 8. The terms “popular” and “learned”, as applied to words, are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“术语、名称”,如: 1) I don't know how to put this term into Chinese (我不知道如何把这一术语译成中文) 2) Writer is hardly the term to apply to him (“作家”这一名称很难用在他身上) term 还有“期限;任期;学期”的意思,如: 1)During his 4-year term of office, he did a lot of things for the common people.(在他四年的任职期间,他为普通百姓做了不少事。) 2) He decided to rum for a second term (他决定竞选连任。) 3) The autumn term is coming to an end (秋学期快要结束了。) apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”,如: 1)This rule applies to upper class students only (这条规则只适用于高年级学生。) 2)I don't think what he says applies to you (我想他的话对你不适用) 3)They are eager to apply the theory to practice (他们急切地想把这一理论用于实践) apply for 则是“申请”的意思,如: 1)How many people have applied for the job?(有多少人申请了这个工作?) 2)They applied for permission to use the tennis court (他们申请使用网球场。) 9. Still the classification into “learned” and “popular” is convenient and sound .本句中的sound是形容词,意思是“正确的;明智的”,如: 1)He felt so happy that he had made a sound decision.(做了正确的决定,他感到很高兴。) 2)He was so carried away by power that he could not make any sound judgement(他被权力冲昏了头脑,无法做出任何明智的判断) 请看下面几个句子,注意sound 在句中的意思: 1)He is sound in body and mind (他身心健康) 2)The house is sound .Don't hesitate to buy it (这所房了完好无损,别犹豫,买下它) 3)The baby is having a sound sleep.(宝宝在酣睡) 4)Father gave him a sound beating.(父亲给他一顿痛打) 10.When we call a word “learned” we don't mean that it is used by learned persons alone, but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary people not (that)…。but (that)。意思“不是…。而是。”如: 1)I came here again not because I enjoy the scenery so much but because I like the people .(我又来这儿,不是因为我多喜欢这儿的景色,而是我爱这儿的人们。) 2)By calling him Shylock, I don't mean that he is named Shylock,but that he is as miserly as Shylock.(叫他夏洛克,我不是说他的名字叫夏洛克,而是说他像夏洛克一样吝啬。) due to 在句中的意思是“由于”,如: 1)His failure was due to carelessness (他的失败是由于粗心。) 2)Due to lack of funds,they had to postpone the project.(由于缺少资金,他们不得不推迟计划) rather than 在本句的意思是“不是…而是……”,“与其……不如…” 1) He is a writer than a teacher (与其说他是教师,不如说他是作家。) 2)He lay rather than sit in the armchair (与其说他是坐在扶手椅上不如说是躺在里面。) 本课主要词组 1.make up 2.be familiar with 3.learn from 4.belong to 5.at large 6.on the other hand 7.be knows to 8.acquaintance with 9.in a style 10. be of importance 11. in the first case 12. in the latter (case) 13. in print 14. apply to 15. come up 16. as to 17. as a whole 18. due to 19. rather than Text B how should you build up your vocabulary? 短语表达 1. build up (建立;增强;增加) They worked hard to build up the friendship between the people in two countries. Get plenty of exercise every to build up your health. 2. come across (穿过,出现;遇到) They came across the street to meet me. A good idea came across my mind We are bound to come across difficulties, but we are determined to overcome them. 3. look up (查阅) If there are words you don't understand, look them up in the dictionary . For further information about this matter, look up this book. 4. at top speed (以速度) He drove his car at top speed It's dangerous to corner at top speed 5. depend on (依靠;取决于) We'll depend mainly on ourselves to solve the problem. The accomplishment of the task depends on the solution of this major problem. 6. make sense (有意义、讲得通) What he said just now didn't make any sense to me. This sentence doesn't make any sense. 7. try doing sth(尝试做某事) You can try using another method to go it He tried climbing the mountain without any help. 8. come up with (提出,想出;提供) He is expected to come up with some ideas after he thinks about the problem. The TV network will come up with better shows in the future. 9. lead to(导致) Our discussions led to confusion. The earthquake led to heavy loss of life. 10. after all (毕竟) Don't expect too much of him, he is, after all, a child of 10. We didn't finish all the work. After all, we didn't have enough hands 11. provide with (提供) It is necessary that you provide them with all the equipment We are satisfied to be provided with these kitchen utensils 12. begin with (以……开始) The first word of a sentence should begin with a capital letter . To begin with, we ought to know what we are here for.

江苏自学考试英语笔记怎么做

自考英语学习步骤有哪些?1.注意集中记忆,只要你集中注意力,集中注意力,排除杂念和外界干扰,大脑皮层就会留下很深的记忆痕迹,不容易忘记。如果分心同时做两件事,记忆效率会大大降低。2.如果你对学习资料和知识对象有浓厚的兴趣,即使花更多的时间也很难记住。3.理解记忆理解是记忆的基础。只有你懂的,才能长久记住。光靠死记硬背不容易。对于重要的学习内容,如果能把理解和背诵结合起来,记忆效果会更好。4.过度学习是指学习材料要在记忆的基础上记忆几次,达到记忆和牢记的程度。5.及时复习遗忘的速度是先快后慢。趁热打铁,及时复习巩固新学知识,是强化记忆痕迹,防止遗忘打击的有效手段。6.从记忆中学习的时候尽量不断回忆,这样记忆中的错误可以改正,遗漏可以弥补,学习内容中的难点也可以记得更牢。在业余时间,我经常回忆过去记忆过的物体,这样也可以避免遗忘。7.视听结合可以利用语言和视听器官的功能来加强记忆,提高记忆效率。比单人默读好多了。8.多种手段根据情况,灵活运用分类记忆、图表记忆、缩短记忆和编大纲、记笔记、卡片等记忆方法,可以增强记忆。9.一般来说,最好的记忆时间是上午9~11点,下午3~4点,晚上7~10点。使用上述难以及时记忆的学习材料是有效的。10.科学利用大脑在保证大脑营养、主动休息、体育锻炼等维护的基础上,科学利用大脑防止过度疲劳,保持积极乐观的情绪,可以大大提高大脑的工作效率。这是提高记忆力的关键。自考英语要考什么科目大部分院校英语专业要考毛泽东思想和中国特色社会主义理论体系概论、思想道德修养与法律基础、英语国家概况、听力、口语、阅读(一)、阅读(二)、英语写作基础、综合英语(一)、综合英语(二)、大学语文、中国近现代史纲要、马克思主义基本原理概论、第二外语(俄语)、第二外语(日语)、第二外语(法语)、第二外语(德语)、高级英语、英语翻译、口译与听力、英语写作、英美文学选读、英语语法、英语词汇学、外语教学法、国际商务英语、英语科技文选、综合英语(二)、听力、口语、毕业论文。自考/成人高考有疑问、不知道如何选择主考院校及专业、不清楚自考/成考当地政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

记英语笔记是提高英语写作和口语能力的重要方法之一。具体步骤如下:1. 阅读英文文章或听英语听力后,记录文章或听力的主题、要点、重点词汇、短语、句型结构等内容。2. 按照文章或听力的逻辑结构,将记录的内容组织成条理清晰的笔记,可采用时间轴、主题分类、思维导图等方式进行整理。3. 多做笔记练习,尽可能地模仿英文原文的表达方式和句式,提高英文表达能力。4. 将笔记尽可能地与实际生活和工作场景联系起来,应用到具体的写作和口语练习中,加深记忆。5. 定期回顾和总结已经做的笔记,并适时对缺陷进行补充完善,不断提升英语学习效果。在记英语笔记时,需要遵循思路清晰、内容准确、形式简洁明了的原则,帮助自己更好地学习和应用英语语言。

怎么记英语笔记前中后老虎尽管不大看来让我改天就真去睡了速度突破了却两名防守队员队员们也就可以参加训练一场比赛都坚持不下来随着场上形势的球门内眼泪在怎么漏洞干脆直接正面迎了培养前场攻击手但古蒂并不慌乱

英语笔记整理好看的方法如下:

方法一:

1、准备一个精美耐用的16开笔记本。

2、记录形式—表格。以表格的形式对知识点进行分类和整理,具有条理清晰、方便记忆等优点。

3、记录内容:将知识点分为单词、短语、句型、语法四大部分,并附带例句。

4、侧重疑点与难点。在笔记上,对重难点用不同颜色的笔作醒目的标记,其意在于提醒此处的重要性,便于复习。

5、做笔记时,注意留一定的空白。由于知识我们会越学越多,有些知识是老师后来补充的,所以学生在记笔记时应留有一定的空白,以容纳同类型的新知识。

方法二:

首先是在课本上做笔记。即在课本上把相关的重要语法知识点画出来,画出来的内容包括,词组,句型,以及本课重点突出的语法点,当然还包括那些自己不会的东西。并用不同颜色的笔画,每种颜色由自己规定一种含义。比如红色是重难点,蓝色是难点等等。

把自己在家学习的东西,重要的知识点抄到小纸条上,随身携带。公交上,厕所里,排队时,拿出来,“刷个脸”,记忆最好的就是这些零散时间,就像减肥,要少食多餐!随着时间的流逝,捧起这本厚厚的笔记本你一定会觉得很有成就感,因为它就像是私人订制一样。

江苏自学考试英语笔记电子版

Unit11(第32讲—第34讲) come up with 这个短语我们在前面碰到过,意思是“提供,提出,想出”,在本句中该短语意为“产生,制造出”。 1)We always count on Xian Li to come up with help of one kind or another.(我们总是可以指望小李提供这样或那样的帮助。) 2)He came up with a good idea after 2 hours' of thinking.(经过两个小时的思考,他想出了一个好主意。) 3)The company has come up with a new time-saving device. (这家公司已制造出一种新的省时装置。) get rid of 这个短语已在词汇部分做了讲解,请再看两个例句: 1)It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit (去掉不良习惯不是一件容易的事) 2)I want to get rid of this old bike and buy a new one.(我想卖掉这辆旧自行车,买辆新的。) 3. The Ericssons needn't have worried 表示姓名的专有名词变成复数,前面加定冠词the,指此姓的一家人,或夫妇俩,如: 1) The Blacks were in France when the earthquake happened in their hometown(家乡发生地震时,布莱克一家正在法国。) 2) The wangs were holding a birthday party when the police paid them a visit.(警察来访时,王先生夫妇在举行生日聚会。) “needn't + have + 过去分词”表示在某时之前本无必要做某事,如: 1) We needn't have worried so much about him. He is old enough to take care of himself.(我们本无必要为他如此担心,他是大人了,该会照顾自己了。) 2) You needn't have told him everything about it. It has nothing to do with him.(你本无必要把一切都告诉他,这件事跟他无关。) 3) I needn't have worked so hard if you could give me a little help.(如果你给我一点帮助,我本不用如此辛苦的。) 4. Eager buyers bought all but 50 of the items in one weekend leaving the family $442 richer. all but是一个常用短语,意思是“几乎,差不多;除了……都”,如: 1) Give me one more minute. I have all but finished.(再给我一分钟,我差不多要做完了。) 2) He found all but one exit blocked.(除了一个出口外,其余的出口都被封了。) 3) All the boys but him went camping last weekend.(上周末除了他之外,所有的男孩都出去野营了。) leave在本句中的意思是“使……处于某种状态”,如: 1)Leave the door open.(让门开着吧。) 2)The seven-day strike left the company in great confusion.(为期七天的罢工使公司极其混乱。) 3)The result has left everybody dissatisfied.(结果使每一个人都不满意。) 4)The new policy would leave taxpayers worse off.(新政策使纳税人处境更糟。) 5. Rising living costs are considered by almost everyone as a reason both for holding sales and for attending them 本句中的rising可以看作为形容词,做定词,修饰其后的名词短语, 如:rising prices (上涨的物价),the rising rate of inflation(上升的通货澎胀率), rising sun(升起的太阳朝阳) consider 是一个常用动词,请看下面的例句,注意consider的用法: 1) They consider themselves to be very lucky. ( 他们认为自己很幸运。Consider to be) 2) They don't consider it as important.(他们认为这个不重要。consider as, 用被动语态则是be considered as ) 3) He is considering moving to a smaller city.(他正在考虑搬到小一点的城市去。Consider doing sth.) 4) I consider that one computer is not enough. (我估计一台电脑不够用。Consider+a clause) 在前一单元我们讲到过,reason后面可以跟for, 也可以跟why,只是在for后面必须用名词或名词短语,在why后面必须用句子。请再看两个例句: 1) Nobody knows the reason why he is so upset.(谁也不知道他为什么如此沮丧。) 2) The reason for his going to France was unknown.(无人知晓他去法国的原因。) 6. But beyond that, they are fun. beyond 是一个常用词,在本句中做介词用,意思是“除…以外”,相当于besides,多用于否定句和疑问句中,如: 1) I know nothing of it beyond what you told me.(除了你告诉我的以外,别的我都不知道。) 2) Beyond that, there is nothing more I can say.(除了那个,我再也没什么可说的了。) 3) He owns nothing beyond the shabby house.(除了那个破旧的房子,他一无所有。) beyond做介词用时,还有“在…的那边;迟于;超出”等意思,如: 1)What lies beyond the mountain?(山那边有什么?) 2)Don't stay there beyond midnight.(别在那儿待到半夜后) 3)What he said is beyond my understanding.(他说的话我不懂) 4)How he managed to find us is beyond me.(我不清楚他是如何设法找到我们的。) 7.One psychologist suggests that people are fed up with the computerization of their lives. 在动词suggest (建议,提议)后面可以用doing sth.和that从句,在that从句中用虚拟语气,请看例句: 1) I suggest bringing the meeting to an end(我建议结束会议。) 2) He suggested that the work (should) be started at once.(他建议立即动工。) 3) Her parents suggested that she (should) have a medical examination.(她父母建议她做一次体检。) 当suggest的意思为“认为;暗示;启发;表明”时,that从句中不用虚拟语气,如: 1) Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill (珍妮苍白有脸色表明她病了。)。 2) He suggested that accident was my fault. (他认为那起事故是我的过错。) be fed up with意思是“厌倦,”相当于be tired of 或 be weary of,如: 1)I'm fed up with his complaints(对他的抱怨我厌倦之极。) 2)Many students are fed up with some of the dull courses(许多学生对一些乏味的课程甚为厌倦。) 8.Many of the younger buyers say they are turned off by the poor quality of modern goods and are looking for remnants of a stringer and firmer era, when things were built to last. turn off是个常用短语,通常表示“关掉;解雇;避开,”在本句中的意思是“失去兴趣”,请看例句: 1)Be sure to turn off the lights before you leave.(请你离开前务必把灯关掉。) 2)She was turn off by the boss as she couldn't type fast enough.(她因打字不够快而被老板解雇。) 3)He turned off the question with a shrug of the shoulder.(他耸耸肩回避开了这个问题。) 4)This music really turns me off.(这种音乐真叫我倒胃。) 5)A number of students are turned off by this subject.(这门课使许多学生厌烦。) 句中的when是一个关系副词,引导非限定定语从句,也可把when看作是并列连词,意思相当于at the time,如: 1)The meeting will be put off till next week, when all the participants will arrive from different parts of the country.(会议被推迟到下周,届时所有的与会者将从全国各地赶来。) 2)I'll join you next month, when I will have made all the preparations.(我下个月加入你们当中,那时我将做好一切准备。) 9. ……it blesseth him that gives and him that takes blesseth 为古英语动词现在时第三人称单数,相当于现在的blesses.句中的that引导的是定语从句,如: 1) God help those that help themselves.(自助者天助。) 2) Give it to whoever that is in need of help.(把这个给任何一个需要帮助的人。) 本课主要词组 1. sort through 2. come up with 3. all sorts of 4. get rid of 5. set out 6. all but 7. put up 8. be considered as 9. be fed up with 10. search for 11. turn off 12. run across 13. in the back of one's mind 14. (be) of great value 15. separate…from 16. be bound to 17. be faced with 短语表达 1. urge sb. to do sth. /be urged to do sth. They urged the management to give them a definite answer. 2. without adv. Never mind, we can manage without. 3. instead of He stayed at home reading instead of going to see a film. 4. range from …to The boys range in age from 7 to 13. 5. specialize in He specialized in biology. 6. at low prices This small shop offers goods at low prices. 7. be likely to He is likely to come late. 8. refer to He used to be referred to as “the Iron Man”。 9. be known for China is known for its silk and tea. 10. keep the flavor The vegetable cannot keep its flavor if overcooked.

Unit7(第20讲—第22讲) 本课主要构词法 affixation (词缀法) 1. 名词后缀 -iondefinition 2. 名词后缀 -agemarriage 3. 名词后缀 -itysecurity 4. 形容词后缀 -alagricultural,industrial,traditional,social 5. 动词后缀 -izeindustrialize 本课简介 在Families这篇课文中,作者首先告诉我们对于不同的人来说“家庭”有不同的含义,但是家庭意味着某种归属这一点是所有人的共识。作者还对核心家庭和大家庭的演变进行了分析,从中我们更可以看出家庭成员在家庭中的角色和作用的变化。 本课语言点 1. …a group of people related by blood or marriage, … 句子中的by常可与某些名词连用,在名词前面不加定冠词the,意思相当于“with regard to”,“according to”。请看下面的例句: 1) He is an Englishman by birth. (他祖籍英国。) 2) He is a teacher by profession. (他以医生为职业。) 3) By birth and by education Thomas Jefferson belonged to the highest social class, but he never looked down upon the working-class people. (按其出生和所受的教育,托马斯·杰弗逊都属于社会的了阶层,但他从来不轻视劳动人民。) relate是一个动词,在句子中的意思是“使联系”。请看例句: 1)It is not difficult for people to relate the result to the cause. (人们要把结果和原因联系起来并不困难。) 2)It might be more helpful to you if you can relate theory to practice.(如果你能把理论和实践联系起来,对你的帮助也许会更大。) relate还可解释为叙述;有关,涉及;相处得好 1) He related us a story vividly. (他生动地给我们讲述了一个故事。) 2) His talk related to the international situation. (他的讲话涉及国际形势。) 3) He relates very well to his classmates. (他和同学们相处得很好。) related可以做形容词用,意思是“有联系的,相关的。” 1) These four people are closely related to each other. (这四个人联系紧密。) 2) He is very much interesting in painting and the related arts. (他对绘画及其有关的艺术很感兴趣。) 2. …all those people descended from a common ancestor, …所有来自同一祖先的人们。 “descended from a common ancestor”是一个省略了that的定语从句,修饰people.descended from的意思是“传下,遗传”,如: 1) His family were descended from an Indian tribe. (他的家庭是印第安部落的后裔。) 2) Darwin concluded that men were descended from apes. (达尔文断定人由猿进化而来。) descend to 的意思是“屈尊,降低;转而说到” 1) The firm had descended to using nude pictures for advertising. (那家公司堕落到用*照做广告。) 2)Mr. Lee then descended to the details we had to be careful about.(李先生转而谈到了我们必须注意的细节问题。) common是一个形容词,意思是“共有的,共同的;普通的”,请看例句: 1)No doubt, this is a grammatical mistake common to beginners in English. (毫无疑问,这是英语初学者常犯的语法错误。) 2)How could you have no idea about this common knowledge? (对这个普通常识你怎么会一无所知。) 3)They have no common interests. (他们没有共同的爱好。) 3. Some people thank of a family as a mother, a father, and their children, … think of …as …是一个很常用的词组,意思是“把…看作…”,如: 1) He often thinks of himself as a genius. (他常把自己看作为天才。) 2) The Yellow River is thought of as the cradle of the Chinese nation. (黄河被看作为中华民族的摇篮。) 与think of…as…意思相近的词组在英语中还有很多。如: regard…aslook upon…as… see…as…view…as… consider…as… 4. For others, having a family simply means having children. 本句中,having a family做主语,mean为谓语动词,having children 做宾语。mean在句中的意思是“意味着”。当mean作“意味着”解释时,在它的后面应该跟名词或者动名词,如: 1)Accepting the job would mean moving to another city. (接受这份工作将意味着我得搬到另一个城市去。) 2)A raise in the worker's salary will mean a cut in the profit. (增加工人的工资意味着利润的降低。) 当mean作“意欲,打算”解释时,在它的后面通常跟不定式,如: 1)I didn't mean to offend you. (我无意冒犯你。) 2)I meant to give you the book yesterday, but I forgot it. (我原打算昨天把书给你的,但我忘了。) 5. Some families have long histories, while others know very little about their ancestors. 请注意while的用法,在本句中while是一个表示转折意味的连词,意思是“然而”。如:Fred gambled all his money away while Jane saved every penny for her son's schooling. (弗雷德赌输了他所有的钱,而珍妮却为儿子的教育攒下每一分钱。) while在不同的语境中有不同的意思,请翻译下面的句子,注意while的词义。 1)They decided to find a less expensive place to stay while in Paris.(在巴黎期间,他们打算找个更便宜的地方住。) 2)He looked at his watch several times while talking to her. (在跟她交谈时,他看了几次表。) 3)One group of children are quiet, while the second group was very active. (一组孩子很安静,而第二组孩子非常活跃。) 4)While I have sympathy for these people, I think they are guilty. (尽管我同情这些人,但我觉得他们有罪。) 5)We will succeed while we don't lose hope. (只要我们不失去希望,我们就会成功。) 6. No matter if it is young or old, large or small traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is. no matter if 连接让步状语从句,更常见的是用no matter whether.除了no matter whether以外,no matter wh-引导的让步状语从句还有:no matter what, no matter who, no matter whose, no matter which, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how等等。而用wh-ever引导让步从句也是十分常见的。请看下面的例句: 1) No matter what happens, please let me know. (无论发生什么事,请让我知道。) 2) No matter who telephones, tell him I'm out. (无论谁来电话,告诉他我出去了。) 3) No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. (无论我多努力,我总不能成功。) 4) No matter whether you believe it or not, it's truth. (无论你信不信,那总是事实。) 5) No matter where you go, I will follow you. (无论你去哪里,我都跟着你。) 6) No matter which book you like you can have it. (无论你喜欢哪本书,你都可以拿去。) 7) No matter whose money it is, we can't spend it so carelessly. (无论是谁的钱,我们都不能这样随意地花) 上述某些句子可以用wh-ever表述如下: 1) Whatever happens, please let me know. 2) Whoever telephones, tell him I'm out. 3) However hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. 4) Wherever you go, I will follow you. 5) Whichever book you like, you can have it. 7. It is that feeling of belonging, of love and security that comes from living together, helping and sharing. 本句中的it代指课文前一句中的a sense of what a family is. feeling of belonging 意思为“归属感”。 security 是一个名词,意思是“安全”。 that comes from living together, helping and sharing 是定语从句,修饰that feeling of belonging, of love and security. 8. However, with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work. 本句中的however是一个表示转折意味的副词,有承接上文的作用,可以使这个句子和前面的句子连接得更紧密,有些接近连词。请看例句: 1) This, however, is not your fault. (但这不是你的错。) 2) I'd like to go with you, however, my hands are full. (我很想和你一起去,可是我忙不过来。) 句中的with是一个介词,意思是“随着”,请看例句: 1)With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too.(随着经济基础的改变,上层建筑也必须改造。) 2)With the development of science and technology, the society is changing rapidly.(随着科学技术的发展,社会在迅速地改变。) with是一个十分常用的介词,请看下面的句子,注意with的用法和词意: 1)Who will go with you? (谁和你一起去?) 2)The teacher is very strict with us. (老师对我们很严格。) 3)At the news we all jumped with joy. (听了这个消息,我们都高兴得跳了起来。With表示原因。) 4)He wanted to kill two birds with one stone. (他想一举两得。With意为“用,以”,译法可灵活。) 5)China is a country with a large population. (中国是一个有众多人口的国家。With表示“有,带有”) 6)He finished this work with great difficulty. (他好不容易才完成了这项工作。With引起短语作方式状语。) 7)He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded. (他双手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。With引导独立结构:with+名词+过去分词,做方式状语。) 8)What's wrong with you? (你怎么了?with意为“就…来说”) 9)With your knowledge and experience, you are sure to find a good job. (以(凭)你的知识和经验,你肯定会找到一份好工作。) 10)With all his shortcomings, he was a nice person. (尽管他有缺点,他还是个不错的人。) 句子中的in order to find work做目的状语,除了用in order to 以外,还可以用so as to,也可以把in order,so as省去,只用不定式。请看例句: 1)He decided to study harder (so as ) to catch up with the others. (他决定加紧学习好赶上别人。) 2)He ran out in a hurry (in order) to catch the last bus. (为了赶上末班车,他匆匆向外跑去。) 9. Therefore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family as the society industrializes. 句子中的therefore是一个副词,通常用来表示后面将要表述的内容是前面已经表述的内容的结果,也可以用来引导一个结论。类似的表达还有:so,consequently,as a result 等等。请看例句: 1)It rained, therefore the football match was put off. (天下雨,所以足球比赛延期了。) 2)He is too careless, as a result he failed the exam. (他太粗心,所以考试没及格。) 3)He was ill for about a month, consequently he lagged behind his classmates.(他病了一个月,因此落在了同学后面。) as the society industrializes随着社会的工业化。as是一个连词,表示“当…时”。请看例句: 1)As time goes on, you'll like this place better. (随着时间的推移,你会更喜欢这个地方。) 2)As he talked on he got more and more excited. (他谈着的时候,越来越兴奋。) 本课中还有: 1)The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children. 2)As social scientists study these two new family forms, they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age. 10. social scientists now talk of two new family forms… 本句中的talk是一个不及物动词,在表达“谈论某人(某事)”时,talk后面应该用介词of或者about.请看例句: 1)What are you talking about? (你们在谈什么?) 2)They are talking of visiting Mr. Zhang. (他们正谈论去看张先生的事。) 3) What do you mean when you talk about culture? (你谈论文化时指的是什么?) Text B The Changing American Family 短语表达 1. all over We have friends all over the world. I have been looking all over for him. 2. provide for Father had to work very hard to provide food and clothes for the family. They are trying to provide some guidance for the newcomers. 3. be expected to Parents are expected to provide for their children. You are expected to be here before eight. 4. take care of The nurse took care of the old lady when her daughter was away. The cat and the dog were taken good care of. 5. on the other hand I don't think this proposal is workable. On one hand we don't have so much money, on the other hand time is too limited. 6. be considered to be He is considered to be the best candidate for the job. Father is considered to be a humorous and responsible person. 7. in addition (to) In addition, there are some magazines on the table. In addition to bread, we had some milk and eggs for breakfast. 8. make decision You have to make an immediate decision about the project. It is difficult for me to make a decision right now. 9. help with He hoped that his brother would help him with his math. At weekends I often help my mother with the housework. 10. in contrast In contrast with the low grade I got, Paul got a full mark on the biology test. Their club, in contrast, reached a membership of 2000 last year. 11. give up You will amount to nothing if you always give up easily. The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking. 12. get ready for He got up early in the morning in order to get ready for the exam. I haven't got ready for the interview yet. 13. be busy doing Mother is busy cooking in the kitchen. The teacher is busy distributing the test papers. 14. in conclusion She will say a few words about the arrangement in conclusion. In conclusion, the old people are happy in most of the Asian countries. 15. instead of Instead of getting the bike repaired he bought a new one. Who is going to the meeting instead of you?

Unit14(第41讲—第43讲) Text A The importance of being kind and polite 本课主要单词 1.frankly adv. 坦白地,直率地;坦率地说 1)He frankly admitted that he had made a mistake. (他坦率地承认自己犯了个错误。) 2)She asked me to tell her frankly what I wished to do. (她让我坦率地告诉她我希望做什么。) 3)Frankly, he is not easy to get along with. (坦率地说,他这个人不好打交道。) 4)Quite frankly, I don't care about what they may say. (坦率地说,我不在乎他们会说什么。) frank adj. 坦诚的v. 盖免费邮戳于(邮件);准许…自由通过 1)They gave us a frank reply. (他们给了我们一个坦率的回答。) 2)They have franked these letters. (他们已经给这些信件盖了邮资已付的邮戳。) 3)We are trying to frank him through customs. (我们正努力使他免检通过海关。) 2.boring adj. 令人厌烦的;乏味的 bored adj. 感到厌烦的 bore v. 使厌烦,使厌倦n. 令人讨厌的人或事 boredom n. 厌烦,厌倦;乏味 1)It was such a boring journey that he didn't want to say anything about it.(这次旅行很乏味,他什么也不想提及。) 2)I am bored. I don't have anything to do. (我无事可做,感到乏味。) 3)Most of the book had bored him, with the exception of one chapter.(除了其中的一章,这本书的大部分内容使他感到乏味。) 4)Sam is such a bore that no one wants to have anything to do with him.(山姆是个很令人讨厌的人,谁都不想与他打交道。) 5)She seems so depressed by the boredom of her city life. (城市生活的乏味似乎令她沮丧。) 3.honestly adv. 诚实地;的确 honest adj. 诚实的 honesty n. 诚实 dishonest adj. 不诚实的;不正直的 1) Honestly, I don't know what you're talking about. (说实在的,我不知道你在讲些什么。) 2) You have to answer the following questions honestly. (你得诚实地回答下列问题。) 3) He is honest, he doesn't tell lies. (他是老实人,不说谎。) 4) First of all, you should be honest about why you want the money. (首先,你应该坦率地说为什么要这些钱。) 5) We have no doubt as to his honesty. (对他的诚实我们毫不怀疑。) 6) How can you believe such a dishonest person. (你怎么能相信这样一个不诚实的人?) 7) He got his money in dishonest ways. (他以不正当的方式搞钱。) 4.impress v. 给…深刻的印象 impression n. 印象;效果,影响 impressive adj. 给人以深刻印象的 1)What I saw and heard there impressed me deeply. (那儿的所见所闻给我留下了深刻的印象。) 2)I was impressed by his high efficiency. (他的高效率给我留下了深刻的印象。) 3)My advice seemed to make no impression on him. (我的劝告似乎对他不起作用。) 4)She made a very good impression on her employer. (她给雇主留下了极好的印象。) 5)The impressive scene will be always in his mind. (那个难忘的场面将永远留在他的脑海中。) 5.collection n. 收集;收藏品 collect v. (去)取;接;聚集 1) He has a large collection of books. (他有大量的藏书。) 2) The collection of butterfly specimens takes up all his spare time. (他所有的业余时间都用于采集蝴蝶标本了。) 3) He likes collecting stamps. (他爱好集邮。) 4) I have to go and collect my daughter. (我得去接女儿了。) 5) A large crowd collected in front of the building. (那座楼前聚集了一大群人。) collect 也可以做副词用,意思是“由受话人付费”,如: I will call London collect. (我将给伦敦打一个对方付费的电话。) 6.misunderstand v. 误解,误会 misunderstanding n. 误会;争执 1)Don't misunderstand us, we are here to help, not to make trouble.(别误解我们的意思,我们是来帮忙的,不是惹麻烦的。) 2)She misunderstood what her friend said, and went away in a fury. (她误解了她朋友所说的话,怒气冲冲地走了。) 3)They had a misunderstanding, but they have become friendly again. (他们曾有过争执,不过又言归于好了。) 4)I don't hope the minor misunderstanding will affect our friendship. (我不希望这点小误会会影响我们的友谊。) 7.friction n. 摩擦;不和,争执 1)Constant friction caused the rope to break. (不断的摩擦使绳子断了。) 2)The efficiency of the machine is higher because there is less friction.(由于摩擦力较小,这台机器的效率更高了。) 3)Family frictions can interfere with a child's schoolwork. (家庭中的争吵会影响孩子的学业。) 4)The friction between the two countries is getting more and more serious. (两国之间的摩擦在加剧。) 8.conflict n. 冲突,抵触v. 冲突,抵触 1)The conflict between the two villages lasted for years. (两个村子之间的冲突持续了数年。) 2)They came into conflict over the ownership of the house. (他们就房屋的所有权问题产生了激烈的争执。) 3)His statement conflicted with what his friend said. (他的说法与他的朋友所言截然不同。) 4)My idea might conflict with his. (我的观点,可能会与他的观点相冲突。) 9.enforce v. 实施,执行;强制;强调 1)The president of our university said time and again that it was necessary to enforce the school regulations.(我们大学的校长一再说执行校规很有必要。) 2)People were dissatisfied with the government's inability to enforce its law.(人们对政府无力执行法律十分不满。) 3)Very often parents enforce their own will on children. (父母常常把自己的意愿强加给孩子们。) 4)Illness enforced him to lie in bed. (疾病迫使他卧床。) 5)You need to enforce you arguments by producing facts and figures. (你需要提出事实与数据来加强你的论点。) 10.interact v. 相互影响,相互作用,相互交流 interaction n. 相互影响,相互作用 1)Mothers and babies internet in a complex way. (母婴以一种复杂的方式相互交流。) 2)Students are encouraged to interact in class in English by the teacher. (老师鼓励学生在课堂上用英语互动。) 3)There is a need for more interaction between parents and children. (父母和孩子之间需要更多的相互交流。) 4)They are doing some research on the interaction between seawater and lava.(他们正对海水与溶岩的相互作用进行研究。) inter-是一个前缀,表示“相互”;“在…中间”。如:interchange (互换);intercommunicate (互相联系;互相通信);interdependent (相互依赖,互相依存);international (国际的);interstate (州际的);interuniversity (大学间的) 11.consensus n. 合意;(意见等的)一致;舆论 1)There was a kind of unspoken consensus between them. (他们之间有一种默契。) 2)The consensus was to abandon the project. (大多数人的意见是放弃该项计划。) 3)It is very difficult for them to reach a consensus on what they are going to do.(要就他们将要进行的事情达成大致意见是很困难。) 4)You have to build a consensus with them if you really want to get their help.(如果你真想得到他们的帮助,你得与他们达成一致意见。) 12.guideline n. 指导方针,准则,标准 1)They are going to adopt new guidelines for national economy. (他们将采取新的国民经济指导方针。) 2)Today the moral guidelines are not as obvious as they were. (现在的道德准则不再以前一样明确了。) 3)The chemical additives still exceed guidelines set to protect public health.(化学添加剂仍然超过了为保护公众健康而确定的标准。) 13.unacceptable adj. 不能接受的,不受欢迎的 acceptable adj. 可接受的 accept v. 接受 1) It is entirely unacceptable to break the law for the sake of money. (为了钱而犯法是完全不可接受的。) 2) The proposal was unacceptable. (这个建议是不能接受的。) 3) This is a proposal that is acceptable to all sides. (这是一个各方面都能接受的建议。) 4) They didn't accept the invitation to attend the evening party. (他们没有接受出席晚会的邀请。) 14.adolescent adj. 青春期的;青少年的n. (16岁以下的)青少年 adolescence n. 青春期(13-16岁的发育期) 1) He was afraid that his son had anything to do with the adolescent gang.(他担心他儿子与青少年犯罪集团有牵连。) 2) This film aimed at adolescents. (这部电影专为青少年拍摄。) 3) His adolescence was not a happy time for him. (他的青春期过的不快乐。) 4) Before his parents could realize it Tom had already reached the age of adolescence.(父母还没意识到这个问题,汤姆已到了青春期年龄。) 15.swear v. 诅咒;发誓n. 誓言 1)Don't swear in front of the children. (别在孩子们面前骂人。) 2)Will you swear that you were not on the scene? (你愿意起誓说你当时不在现场吗?) 3)I swear that I will never trust him any more. (我保证再也不相信他了。) 4)He swore by his honor that he would return the money in two weeks.(他以自己的名誉发誓保证在两周内还钱。) 5)They refused to swear on a Bible. (他们拒绝手按圣经发誓。) 6)Don't take his swear seriously. (别拿他的誓言当真。) 16.indifferent adj. 冷漠的,不关心的 indifference n. 冷漠 1)If parents are indifferent to their success, children will fail to make progress.(如果父母漠视孩子的成功,孩子就不会进步。) 2)He is absolutely indifferent to other people's miseries. (他对别人的痛苦漠不关心。) 3)He put on an air of indifference. (他摆出了一副满不在乎的神气。) 4)She was annoyed by her son's indifference to her. (她儿子对她的冷漠态度令她恼怒。) 17.discipline n. 纪律,训练;学科v. 训练;使有纪律;惩罚 1)The discipline of hard work would do you a lot of good. (艰苦工作的磨练会对你大有好处。) 2)The young teacher couldn't keep discipline in her classroom. (那个年轻的教师无法维持课堂秩序。) 3)Scientists of many disciplines would work together to solve the problem.(许多学科的科学家们将一道来解决这个问题。) 4)They must learn to discipline themselves. (他们必须学会锻炼自己。) 5)He was disciplined for being late. (他因迟到而受罚。) 18.individual n. 个人,个体adj. 个别的,单独的;独特的 1)The freedom of the individual was greatly emphasized in his talk. (他在讲话中十分强调个人的自由。) 2)Handwriting varies from individual to individual. (每个人的笔迹都不相同。) 3)Each individual leaf on the tree is different. (树上的每一片叶子都各不相同。) 4)There was nothing individual about him except a deep scar across his right cheek. (他除了右脸颊有条深疤外别无特征。) 本课简介 在人类共同生活的社会里有一些共认的社会准则,这些准则为大多数人所接受。如果你不能遵循这些准则,你则会被看作为一个缺少文明礼貌举止的人。善待他人,尊重他人能给我们带来一种优势,而这种优势会帮助我们成功。正因为如此,我们应该学会在看电影时保持安静;在点燃香烟前征得他人同意;注意选择接听移动电话的场合;与老师交谈时摘下随身听的耳机;满口含着食物时不随意开口讲话;该尊称他人时不随性而为乱称呼……。这些看似不重要的小节恰恰是最能反映一个人的社会公德的。 本课主要语言点 1. Unless you want to end a relationship, you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this. unless在本句中的意思是“if not” (除非,如果不),如: 1) You will fail the exam unless you study harder. (你若不更加努力学习,考试会不及格。) 2) We will go on with the experiment unless something unforeseen happens. (如果不发生意外,我们将继续试验。) 3) I will not go to the party unless he invites me. (如果他不邀请我,我就不去参加聚会。) 4) Nothing, unless a miracle, can save him. (除非出现奇迹,他无法得救。) end在本句中用作动词,意思是“结束”。如: 1) The meeting did not end until midnight. (会议开到半夜才结束。) 2) The anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. (抗日战争于1945年结束。) 3) He refused to end his four-week tour in such a manner. (他不愿以这种方式结束为期四周的旅行。)

江苏省自学考试笔记卡

距离2022年4月高等教育自学考试还有1天!为大家整理了一份考场须知,参加本次考试的同学一定要认真看哦~考试时间2022年4月16日-17日两天下面这些事情是考试之前必须要做的哦!如果没做会无法考试!打印准考证打印本人准考证(准考证正、反两面在使用期间均不得涂改或书写)填写承诺书自行登录福建省教育考试院网站“数字服务大厅-自学考试-福建省高等教育自学考试考务考籍管理信息系统”栏目,如实填写《福建省教育考试考生健康申明卡及安全考试承诺书》(请务必认真填写,仅限填报一次,点击确认后不得更改)48小时内核酸检测结果时间在4月14日零时后,电子或纸质均可。携带身份证原件身份证要带,而且还要注意一下身份证的有效期。否则,进不去考场就麻烦了。考试必带文具① 黑色中性笔(2只以上的中性笔+2只笔芯可替换,保证书写顺滑,手感较好)② 2B铅笔(提前削好,笔头不要太尖)③ 削铅笔刀(万一在考场中铅笔断了,还可以现场削好,不影响考试过程)④ 橡皮擦(干净的好擦的橡皮擦,对卷面分很重要)除了以上这些,如果我们有报考需要作图的科目,还要准备一套作图工具,比如尺子、圆规。防疫须知疫情反反复复,考试也一样要重视防疫。1.做好个人疫情防护。考生考前非必要不离开考点所在地级市,避免去人群流动性较大的场所聚集,避免与来自高中风险疫情地区或有旅居史、境外返回、有境外人员接触史或有疑似症状等情况的人员接触。应认真做好每日体温测量和健康监测,如有发热、咳嗽、乏力等症状,应尽快就医。2.做好核酸检测。请考生合理安排时间,做好本人首场考试前48小时内核酸检测,检测结果必须为阴性,时间在4月14日零时后,电子或纸质报告均可。3.做好“福建健康码”的申领。请考生注意实名申领“福建健康码”“行程卡”,并在考前确认本人“福建健康码”必须为绿码、“行程卡”为绿色状态,确保考试入场时能正常出示。4.请考生务必关注考点所在地疫情防控相关要求,遵守当地疫情防控部门的有关规定。其他注意事项请关注福建省教育考试院官网或公众号发布的《2022年4月福建省高等教育自学考试疫情防控考生须知》。5.泉州市根据当地疫情防控最新情况,将原定于4月16、17日举行的高等教育自学考试延期至下半年10月举行。考生已缴纳的考试报名费我院将按原缴费渠道全额退回,无需提出申请,退费处理预计6月底前完成。其他设区市的自学考试正常举行。6.宁德市根据当地疫情防控最新情况,取消原定于4月16日-17日举行的高等教育自学考试。考生已缴纳的考试报名费将由我院按原缴费渠道全额退回,无需提出申请,退费处理预计6月底前完成。考试注意事项“考试时间安排自考上午9:00开考,下午14:30开考,开考15分钟后不允许进场,千万定好闹钟,给自己留有充分的准备时间,临考前保证休息,不要熬夜!开考后的重要时间点· 开考信号发出后才可进行考试;· 开考15分钟后,不得逬入考场;· 考试结束前30分钟,经监考老师许可才可交卷离开考场; 考生一旦离开考场,不得再进入考场考试;· 考试结束:考试结束的信号发出后,需立即停笔。“优先信息填涂领取到试卷和答题卡后,认真检查试卷和答题卡的完整性,若发现破损、印刷歪斜、字迹模糊、折皱等问题请及时向监考老师报告。确认无误后,不要着急去看考试题目,首先按照要求填涂考生信息填写区、考生笔迹采集区和座位号填涂区,并粘贴经过核对后的条形码,尤其要强调的是考生笔记采集区和座位号的填涂区,每年都有考生忘记,导致成绩为0分。考试诚信承诺抄写一定要写!有的考生因为不写而导致科目成绩无效…自考新生切记…准考证号考试号在答题卡上一定要填写正确,否则判0分!“在答题卡内有序答题开考信号发出之后即可进行答题。选择题作答时须用2B铅笔将答题卡上对应试题题号后的答案选项涂黑,非选择题须使用0.5毫米黑色签字笔作答,且必须按题号顺序依次写在答题卡规定的区域(矩形边框)内,超出答题区域或答在试卷和草稿纸上的答案无效。此外,每个考生只有一张答题卡,不得在答题卡上做任何标记,不得增加答题卡或粘贴其它答题纸,尤其要避免因紧张下意识地将答题卡折叠,因考生答题造成无法评阅的,后果由考生本人负责。“认真答题不留空白答题时,对每一道题都要先审题,要逐字逐句审清题意,明了要求。审题不能求快,要静下心来仔细阅读。答题要完整准确,条理清楚,要点突出。答题要工整清楚,不要过于潦草,不能让阅卷老师看“天书”。这里有一份规范作答示例,同学们可以参考作答。考试结束前,同学们应对所有答题再次复查。对于那些没有把握的考题或根本就做不到的考题,应着重从宏观角度去阐述,并尽量把它们都做完。最后一句话,送给所有即将考试的小伙伴:冲刺复习的力量很强大,最后阶段不要松懈,相信你一定会通过考试的!加油!还有千难万阻都过来了,千万不要弃考!自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

一、考生在考前二十分钟持本人的“居民身份证”、“准考证”和“考试通知书”进入考场,不得借故在考点禁区内停留。 证件不符或不全者不得入场。 考生迟到十五分钟后不得入场考试。 交卷出场时间不得早于每课程考试结束前 30 分钟。 中途离场必须交卷,离场后不得以任何理由再进场续考。二、考生进入考场只准携带 0.5 毫米黑色墨水的签字笔、铅笔、圆规、直尺、三角板、橡皮等必需的文具用品。寻呼机、手机、商务通等通讯设备不得带入考场。书籍、笔记、字典及其它非贵重物品等都必须集中放在考场前面指定的位置,不准带上座位。三、考生必须诚信考试。 考生入场时,须先在本考场“考生诚信考试承诺签名册”上的规定栏目内签名。考生入场后,要按号入座,将本人的“居民身份证”、“准考证”和“考试通知书”放在课桌左上角,以便验核。四、在开始答题前,考生必须认真阅读答题卡上的作答说明,按要求填写答题卡上的笔迹采集内容,未按要求填写笔迹采集内容的,当科考试成绩无效,并在答题卡指定的位置上正确、清楚地填写准考证号、姓名等。如填写错误或不清,其后果自负。 不准在答题卡上做任何标记,否则按考试违规处理。五、考生临考前拿到试卷后只能阅读试题,在统一开考信号发出后才能在答题卡上答题,否则按考试违规处理。六、 答题卡选择题部分必须用 2B 铅笔填涂; 答题卡非选择题部分只允许用0.5 毫米黑色墨水的签字笔书写,考生答题时必须分别在“大题号区”、“小题号区”注明相应题号。大题号用大写数字填写,如:一、二等,小题号用阿拉伯数字填写,如:31、32 等。 答题字迹要工整清楚,非选择题答案写在答题区域以外,一律无效。 禁止使用涂改液或胶带纸。七、考生必须严格遵守考场纪律,不准吸烟,不准交头接耳、左顾右盼,不准偷看和抄袭他人答案,不准冒名顶替或交换试卷、答题卡,否则成绩一律作零分,并视情节轻重严肃处理。八、考生如遇试卷或答题卡分发错误、字迹模糊等问题,可举手询问,监考人员应当众答复;涉及试题内容的疑问,不得向监考人员询问。九、考试终场时间一到,考生应立即停止答题,将试卷、答题卡和草稿纸放在桌上,等监考人员将试卷和答题卡收齐,并清点无误后才能离场。提前交卷的考生,应立即离开考场,不得在禁区内逗留和谈论。 考生如将试卷、答题卡或草稿纸带出考场外,将追究责任,从严处理。十、考生应自觉服从监考人员管理,不得以任何理由妨碍监考人员进行正常工作。 监考人员有权对考场内发生的问题按规定做出处理。 对扰乱考场秩序、恐吓或威胁监考人员人身安全的考生将交公安机关追究责任,并通知其所在单位。

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