今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考英语写作教材解析，自考英语写作万能句子的相关问题解答，还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦，以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答，希望对你考试有帮助！如何备考自考英语写作00603?备考方法如下：1.注重过程，勤写多改。2.布局谋篇，分析范文。3.广泛阅读，多想善思。英语写作不同于其它像《英语词汇学》、《欧洲文化入门》等知识性课程，它是实践性的，技能性的课程。对于英语写作的学习不能像学习知识性课程那样，只记忆知识脉络，就可以了，它需要考生功在平时，勤写多改，锻炼自己英语基本能力；英语写作有自己的规律性。在有限的时间那，要从一些散乱的、突发的、只言片语的想法发展到一篇结构合理，逻辑清晰的文章谈何容易？因此，考生在平时就要注重写作过程的练习，自觉遵从写作的流程。英语写作是要遵循一定的过程的。并不是信手拈来，或是急就章。一般来讲，一篇英语文章的完成，要经过构思，整理，撰写大纲，一稿，二稿，终稿。学生要遵循英语写作流程，才会有长远的进步。只有把握住了写作流程，才会高屋建瓴，从总体上布局谋篇，而不是“只见树木，不见树林”。一些考生写作不打草稿，随性而致，势必会影响作文的质量，这是不可取的。英语写作重视整篇文章的撰写，注意布局谋篇，因此考生要仔细阅读教材相关章节，详细分析范文，把理论和实践相结合，将理论深化，内化为自己的写作指南。能够做到见到文章能抽象出文章的结构，见到题目能理出自己的写作思路，框架和结构。这正是考试撰写大纲和文章写作的考核目的所在。因此，考生们要对英语典型的篇章结构了如指掌，做到心中有数。做题时方能游刃有余。英语写作还需要考生善于把握当下热点问题，并能就此发表个人看法，因此广泛阅读，多想善思会对英语写作大有裨益。考生可以从其它英语课程或是英文报刊等英语资源中汲取好的词汇，语句，结构，甚至是好的观点为我所用。其次，写作和阅读密不可分，相辅相成；考试对补齐段落和撰写大纲的考察都需要较强的阅读能力作为后盾，如果文章理解都出现问题，何来对补齐段落和撰写大纲；对英语写作的结构的了解反过来可以帮助考生提高阅读理解能力，特别是把握文章总体思想的能力。考生若能细心研习，必会大受其益。英语写作是英语专业本科段一门重要的实践课程，是英语专科阶段英语写作基础的继续。我认为英语写作和英语写作阶段的是英语写作的两个层次，即遣词造句和布局谋篇两个层次。前者更多地注重语言形式，以句子、段落为写作核心，后者注重整篇文章的结构合理，脉络清晰，强调整体感。因此英语写作学习要特别注意英语篇章结构的把握。英语写作重点教授的是如何用英语写好记叙文、描写文、说明文以及议论文等，而其中又以说明文和议论文为中心。英语写作考核重点英语写作的考核目标和出题原则在考试大纲中有明确的阐述。根据历年考题看，考核重点有以下三点：1.应考生能写出内容充实，具有一定广度和深度的说明文和议论文。2.要熟练掌握提纲及提要。3.写作速度每小时250-300词。关于自考英语本科英语写作这门课一、《英语写作》课程简介《英语写作》是英语专业本科段一门重要的实践课程，是英语专科阶段英语写作基础的继续。我认为《英语写作》和《英语写作阶段的》是英语写作的两个层次，即遣词造句和布局谋篇两个层次。前者更多地注重语言形式，以句子、段落为写作核心，后者注重整篇文章的结构合理，脉络清晰，强调整体感。因此《英语写作》学习要特别注意英语篇章结构的把握。《英语写作》重点教授的是如何用英语写好记叙文、描写文、说明文以及议论文等，而其中又以说明文和议论文为中心。《英语写作》考核重点《英语写作》的考核目标和出题原则在《考试大纲》中有明确的阐述。根据历年考题看，考核重点有以下三点：1. 应考生能写出内容充实，具有一定广度和深度的说明文和议论文；2. 要熟练掌握提纲及提要；3. 写作速度每小时250-300词。《英语写作》备考方法1. 注重过程，勤写多改2. 布局谋篇，分析范文3. 广泛阅读，多想善思《英语写作》不同于其它像《英语词汇学》、《欧洲文化入门》等知识性课程，它是实践性的，技能性的课程。对于英语写作的学习不能像学习知识性课程那样，只记忆知识脉络，就可以了，它需要考生功在平时，勤写多改，锻炼自己英语基本能力；英语写作有自己的规律性。在有限的时间那，要从一些散乱的、突发的、只言片语的想法发展到一篇结构合理，逻辑清晰的文章谈何容易？因此，考生在平时就要注重写作过程的练习，自觉遵从写作的流程。英语写作是要遵循一定的过程的。并不是信手拈来，或是急就章。一般来讲，一篇英语文章的完成，要经过构思，整理，撰写大纲，一稿，二稿，终稿。学生要遵循英语写作流程，才会有长远的进步。只有把握住了写作流程，才会高屋建瓴，从总体上布局谋篇，而不是“只见树木，不见树林”。一些考生写作不打草稿，随性而致，势必会影响作文的质量，这是不可取的。《英语写作》重视整篇文章的撰写，注意布局谋篇，因此考生要仔细阅读教材相关章节，详细分析范文，把理论和实践相结合，将理论深化，内化为自己的写作指南。能够做到见到文章能抽象出文章的结构，见到题目能理出自己的写作思路，框架和结构。这正是考试撰写大纲和文章写作的考核目的所在。因此，考生们要对英语典型的篇章结构了如指掌，做到心中有数。做题时方能游刃有余。《英语写作》还需要考生善于把握当下热点问题，并能就此发表个人看法，因此广泛阅读，多想善思会对英语写作大有裨益。考生可以从其它英语课程或是英文报刊等英语资源中汲取好的词汇，语句，结构，甚至是好的观点为我所用。其次，写作和阅读密不可分，相辅相成；考试对补齐段落和撰写大纲的考察都需要较强的阅读能力作为后盾，如果文章理解都出现问题，何来对补齐段落和撰写大纲；对英语写作的结构的了解反过来可以帮助考生提高阅读理解能力，特别是把握文章总体思想的能力。考生若能细心研习，必会大受其益。二、考试题型及分析高等教育自学考试《英语写作》考试满分100分，考试时间为150分钟。全部题目用英文做答。其形式相对固定，大题有三项：I. 补充段落Supplying the missing paragraph The following passage is incomplete with one paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph missing paragraph of about 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.II. 撰写大纲Write an outline Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it. Sometimes the passage is from the textbook.III.文章写作Composition 从考察的内容看，考察的核心是英语的篇章结构，无论是补齐段落还是撰写大纲都不是孤立进行的，补齐的段落要和整篇文章衔接，做到整体如一；撰写的大纲是对篇章结构的直接考察，即考察考生从文章中抽象出结构的能力；文章写作考察整篇文章写作的综合能力。从考试形式上看，既考察学生句子，段落写作能力，也考察篇章写作能力。补齐对话考察段落写作，撰写提纲考察句子写作，文章写作考察篇章写作能力。因此，对《英语写作》的学习要牢牢把握一条红线，那就是要熟悉英语文章的篇章结构。具体的解题技巧我们将在课程讲解后给大家做详细的指导。三、《英语写作》课程讲解写作格式要求 有一句话，大家可能都知道，叫“文如其人”，英文是“The style is the man himself”。从一个人的行文就能看出他的品德，品性。整洁的文风不仅是对读者的尊重，更是对自己的尊重。这从一个侧面说明了写作格式的重要性，它是写作的“面子”，马虎不的。一些考生认为，作文注重内容，不注重形式。这是一种误解，干净整洁的文章使人耳目一新，急于阅读，使人对作者产生一种办事认真，思路清晰的第一印象。相反，杂乱无章，急就章式的文字使人觉得作者思维混乱，不知所云。设想一下在阅卷时间紧迫，任务繁重的情况下，给阅卷人留下良好的第一印象是多么的重要啊！ 另外，严格的写作格式要求是英语写作不可分割的一部分，学习英语写作就必须遵守英语写作的规范，否则就不成其为英语写作。总体上讲，英语写作格式要给人留下整洁，清晰的印象。具体写作时，要注意以下几点：1. 页边距2. 题目位置：第一行居中。3. 题目中单词的大小写 每个单词的第一个字母要大写，但是下列除外： 冠词，少于四个字母的介词，并列连词如and， or， but， nor， for， to 等。 题目的第一个单词必须大写。4. 题目中的标点题目可以是问句；论文题目，直接引要加引号；书名要用斜体。5. 段落缩进每段第一行要缩进4-5个字母；练习时，隔行写便于教师批阅。考试时，不必要。标点符号后要空格。写作格式要求主要是一个习惯养成问题，考生在写作时要多加注意，养成习惯。撰写大纲的基本要求撰写大纲是英语写作的重要一步，也是英语写作考试重点考察的内容之一。因此，考生应该给以足够的重视。大纲指的是一篇文章的总体结构。撰写大纲能力的高低反应考生总体把握英语篇章能力的强弱。在《英语写作》考试中，它有两种表现形式：一是根据文章写出其大纲；一是根据题目编写大纲，构思文章。前者是考试直接考察的，既考察大纲的形式也考察其内容。后者是间接考察的，即在文章写作一题中，考生在构思时所用的大纲。它是写好一篇文章的前提和基础。这里我们着重讲解撰写大纲的形式要求，而对如何针对文章撰写大纲的考试技巧和写作过程中的大纲撰写将在后面的章节中加以详细论述。撰写英语大纲要遵循以下基本原则1. 部分若含有分项，则分项不能少于两个。即有“1”必有“2”，有“A”必有“B”，依次类推。处于同一地位的分项要具有同样的重要性，安排要合乎逻辑。分项要用相同的语法结构来表达。2. 不要将话题大纲和句子大纲相混淆。英语大纲有两种形式：话题大纲和句子大纲。顾名思义，话题大纲由名词短语，动名词短语，不定式短语等构成。句子大纲由完整的句子构成。两者泾渭分明，不得混用。3. 话题大纲的第一个字母要大写，短语后不必点句号；句子大纲要遵循英语句子的标点规范。但是在序列号中每一个罗马字母，大写字母，阿拉伯数字或是小写字母后要加句号，加了括号后不再加句号。4. 大纲序列号如下：I.罗马字母A.大写字母1.阿拉伯数字a.小写字母1） 带括号的阿拉伯数字a） 带括号的小写字母5.大纲实例话题大纲：I. Kindness to MumA. Warm languageB. Help with houseworkII. Kindness to childrenA. My own experienceB. His talk to my classmateIII. Kindness to our neighboursA. His help of the Wangs1. Quilts2. Dinner3. ConsolidationB. His help of the Changs1. Renting a car for the troubled2. Borrowing money for them句子大纲I. Father loves mother most kindly.A. He never hurts Mom with harsh wordsB. He tries his best to help Mom with the homework.II. Father reasons with us children when we do things wrong.A. He reasoned with me when I took his favorite record of music out to show off and damaged itB. He reasoned with my classmate Hong when we quarreled.III. Father kept helping our neighbors out of trouble.A. He helped the Wangs when their house caught fire.1. He gave them our new quilts.2. He invited them to eat in our home.3. He comforted them.B. He helped the Changs when their baby was terribly ill.1. He stopped a car and went to the hospital with the baby and mother.2. He borrowed money from friends to cover the hospital expenses.看一下这个网站吧，有你想要的资料的．自考英语专科资料导航 ：?boardID=2&ID=862&page=1自考英语本科资料导航：?boardID=2&ID=861&page=1参考资料：英语易bbs.yingyuyi.com我也正好在找英语写作方面的资料，觉得这个讲的挺好，给你帖下他那里的第一页。如果你觉得好的话点这个网址看看后面的内容吧。自考《英语写作》开头和结尾万能公式及句型1. 开头万能公式一：名人名言有人问了，“我没有记住名言，怎么办？尤其是英语名言？”，很好办：编！原理：我们看到的东西很多都是创造出来的，包括我们欣赏的文章也是，所以尽管编，但是一定要听起来很有道理呦！而且没准将来我们就是名人呢！对吧？经典句型：A proverb says， “ You are only young once.” (适用于已记住的名言)It goes without saying that we cannot be young forever. (适用于自编名言)更多经典句型：As everyone knows， No one can deny that…2.开头万能公式二：数字统计原理：要想更有说服力，就应该用实际的数字来说明。原则上在议论文当中不应该出现虚假数字的，可是在考试的时候哪管那三七二十一，但编无妨，只要我有东西写就万事大吉了。所以不妨试用下面的句型：According to a recent survey， about 78.9% of the college students wanted to further their study after their graduation.看起来这个数字文邹邹的，其实都是编造出来的，下面随便几个题目我们都可以这样编造：Honesty根据最近的一项统计调查显示，大学生向老师请假的理由当中78%都是假的。Travel by Bike根据最近的一项统计调查显示，85%的人在近距离旅行的时候首选的交通工具是自行车。Youth根据最近的一项统计调查显示，在某个大学，学生的课余时间的70%都是在休闲娱乐。Five-day Work Week Better than Six-day Work？根据最近的一项统计调查显示，98%的人同意每周五天工作日。更多句型：A recent statistics shows that …你只管做 管它对不对 会打多少分 那是老师的问题.你要做的是准备好.然后自信的迎接考试.我也是读英语的.我现在在学法语.因为我喜欢法国.法语刚刚学起来会很难 但到最后很容易.日语相反.还有如果你只想过二外 其他的不管,那学日语.这科有那么难吗？我都没看书就过了。自考英语大专的有网上课堂吗?请问哪里有自自考英语大专的视频教材呀?对。明年一月有招生。全名：北京外国语大学网络教育学院。电话：010－88817912/13010－88811106邮箱：support@如果决定了，就赶快准备吧！求英语自考教材所有书名求英语自考教材所有书名还有在哪里可以买？求自考书店/新华书店/大型书市/淘宝网/专业网校书店。 上述书店一般有历年自考真题以及针对性的模拟题。自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
大家还在找bec的口语常用 句子 吗？下面我已经为大家整理好了，来看看吧。
BEC 商务英语 口语40句实用句子 总结 1
1.Compared with other brands, this kind of tyre cost less per mile and wear much longer due to its topnotch rubber.
2. This kind of tyre is characteristic of nonskid stop on wet road.
3.This material has a durable and easy-to-clean surface.
4.This kind of air-conditioning system is practical and economical for the needs of your company.
5.Our products are as superb quality as well as the typical oriental make-up.
6.Our silk garments are made of super pure silk material and by traditional skills.
7. The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed great fame both at home and aboard.
8.As our typewriters are made of light and hard alloy they are both portable and endurable.
9.The hand bags we quoted are all made of the best leather and various the kinds and the styles in order to meet the requirements of all walks of life in your country.
10.As our products have all the feature you need and 20% cheaper compared with that Japanese made ,I strongly recommended to you.
BEC商务 英语口语 40句实用句子总结2
1.Vacuum cleaners of this brand are competitive in the international market and are the best- selling products of their kind.
2. “Forever” multiple speed racing bicycles are sure to be sellable in your market.
3. Owning to its superior quality and reasonable price our silk has met with warm reception and quick sale in most European countries.
4.We feel that our product is the best kind in Asia and we can very well compete against Japan in price.
5. Our goods are greatly appreciated in other markets similar to your own.
6.By virtue of its super quality ,this product is often sold out in many areas.
7.Our products are superior in quality and moderate in price and are sure to be sellable in your market.
8.These items are most sellable in our market.
9.There have been a steady demand in our market for this kind of toy.
10.We have the pleasure in recommending you the goods similar to the sample you send.
BEC商务英语口语40句实用句子总结3
1.We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a state-owned cooperation dealing exclusively in light industry goods.
2.We are introducing ourselves as one of the leading exporter of the same line of business.
3.We have to pleasure of introducing ourselves to you as a state cooperation specialized in export of can goods.
4.We introduce ourselves as dealer and bicycle and spare parts ,we have been in this line for over two decades.
5.Our cooperation is specialized in handling the export business of textiles.
6.The main products our cooperation deals in are electrical appliances.
7.Our company is mainly engaged in agriculture products.
8. We specialized in the export of table cloth.
9.Our company mainly deal with the export business of silk goods.
10. Our specialization is the exportation of Chinese silk garments.
BEC商务英语口语40句实用句子总结4
1.We are in a very good position to supply most grades of canned fish at competitive prices and for good delivery.
2. We are in the position to accept orders against customer’s samples specified deign ,speciation and packaging requirements.
3.We are now exporting straw and willow products ,embroideries ,porcelain wares ,jade carvings, antiques , Chinese paintings , silk flowers and various kinds of toys and gift.
4. Our cooperation is major producer of technical advance machinery and chemicals for industry and agriculture.
5. Electronic products fall within the scoped of our business activity.
6.We also do export business of hand-made woven articles.
7. We have been engaged in the glass business with many Asian countries for many years.
8.Our company is mainly in the land of exporting Chinese art abject to European market.
9.We also do import and export business in chemicals and agriculture products.
10.We have been importing and exporting all kinds of metals and minerals for thirty years and have many costumer and friends in over 80 countries and regions .
BEC商务英语口语40句实用句子总结相关 文章 ：
1. 关于希望与要求的商务英语口语常用句子合集
2. 高级商务英语口语句子练习素材汇总
3. 实用的常用商务英语句子
4. 商务英语常用口语100句
5. 关于BEC中级商务英语口语常用句型有哪些
6. 2015商务英语bec写作常用句子整理
7. 超好用常用商务英语句子
8. 简短的常用商务英语句子
9. 关于常用商务英语句子
10. 关于bec口语表达技巧
商务写作在商业活动中的运用越来越广泛。作为商务人士，要想提高中级商务英语写作水平，那么就需要了解清楚中级商务英语的写作要点。下面让我们一起来了解这方面的内容。中级商务英语的写作要点1.read the question thoroughly and underline the important parts.完整仔细地阅读题目，在重点部分下划线。2.check that they have included all the content points in Part1 and 2.应试者要确保部分和第二部分中要求的所有要点都已经提到了。3.expand the points in Part2 with relevant ideas and information.第二部分的要点要用相关的观点和信息来扩充。4.make sure they include important information in a grammatically correct way.应试者要在语法正确的前提下保证覆盖了所有重要的信息。5.use a range of business words and expressions.使用不同的商务用语和表达。6.write clearly so that the examiner can read their answer.卷面要整洁，要让阅卷老师看得清楚。7.keep to the word limit.注意作文的字数，不要超过。8.keep to the correct task format and avoid mixing them, e.g. report with letter feature.注意正确的格式，不要混用，比如写报告的时候使用写信的格式。9.check each answer carefully at the end.后要对每个问题都仔细检查一遍。中级商务英语写作技巧一、 文体Memo或者email.二、文章结构作文转化一下语句，主宾语转换等。1) 首句=背景(转化一下原句即可)+首条内容。2) 一二三句间存在顺承、因果关系，保证文章流畅。3) 写给员工的可用Dear colleagues;如果是写给一个人，可用Dear sir/lady/ Mr. /Ms. Smith等。4) 结尾可用Thank you便条/(kindest) regards邮件/yours sincerely邮件。三、内容分析1)How often.On Monday mornings.2) How long.From 9 a.m. to 3 p.m.3) What time/day/what’s the date.At 10 O’clock/on Monday.4)进一步解释一个东西，可以用定语从句。Telling them what the reward will be.Everyone will receive a reward which is a trip to Hawii.5) 解释原因。For+名词(为了什么)。For+句子。Due to/because of/due to the facts that.Take sth into account.中级商务英语写作注意事项1.清楚自己要写什么清楚包括两个方面的内容，一是写信者在拟文前知道自己要写什么;二是对文收到信函时可以完全了解写信者要表达的意思，不会产生误解。这就要求写信者头脑清楚、条理清晰、表达准确，避免使用一些含混不清、模棱二可的词汇。如果都不知道自己要表达什么，那不可能写出好文章的。2.内容简洁名了简洁是指用最少的语言表达最丰富完整的内容，并且不影响信函的礼貌性。简洁使信函更加简明有力。商务英语信函的格式要简明扼要，语言要通俗易懂，内容要精练丰富。切记不可能长篇大论，这样很容易失去中心，这样会导致人家看你的信函好几分钟都不知道你要表达什么，这样你说人家还有耐心看吗?可想而知是没有的。这要就要写信者在行文过程中尽量选用单间、易懂、朴素的词汇，采用简洁，直接的句子商务英语信函的7C原则商务英语信函的7C原则。3.表达准确，不得有误商务英语的信函与买卖双方的权力、义务、利害关系、企业形像等息息相关，是制作各种商业单据的依据，以及进行商业活动往来的重要凭证。准确无误是商业英语信函写作中最最要的原则。在职场上面要是表达有误，可能直接导致公司经济上面的损失，所以对表达准确是很有要求的，我们要看好资料信息再写信函。准确原则不仅仅指单词拼写、标点符号无误，语法使用、结构格式正确，还应确保信函所涉及的信息、数字、事实准确无误。因此，在进行商业英语信函写作中应反复审核相关信息，如：收信人的职称、姓名、地址、交货时间、地点、货物品质、颜色、尺码、单价、总价、包装等。
内容概述：为了使得我们的段落在表达思想方面有效，通常对段落有四个方面的要求：第一，如上所述，一个段落只能讲述一个主题，即统一性；第二，段落应该讲述作者关于此主题所要讲述的全部内容；第三，段落应该有一个易于被读者所读懂的展开顺序；第四，段落中的句子应该是紧密地衔接在一起的。这就是英语语言专家James M.McCrimmon(Florida State University 1976)对于段落的写作所提出的基本要求，即“unity（统一性），completeness（完整性）,order（条理性）,and coherence（连贯性）。” BEC 2和BEC3的写作部分里所要求写的文章，从体裁（Genre）上来讲都是说明文（Expository）。而在一篇说明文里，通常一个典型段落一般只能表达一个独立完整的观点。所谓独立完整的含义是指段落里所提出的观点应该是有逻辑判断的，并且是有细节支持的。所以在BEC写作中,或者在一般的英文的说明文写作中，段落是我们表达一个独立完整观点的最小单位。 为了使得我们的段落在表达思想方面有效，通常对段落有四个方面的要求：第一，如上所述，一个段落只能讲述一个主题，即统一性；第二，段落应该讲述作者关于此主题所要讲述的全部内容；第三，段落应该有一个易于被读者所读懂的展开顺序；第四，段落中的句子应该是紧密地衔接在一起的。这就是英语语言专家James M.McCrimmon(Florida State University 1976)对于段落的写作所提出的基本要求，即“unity（统一性），completeness（完整性）,order（条理性）,and coherence（连贯性）。” 连贯性即语篇的衔接问题，我们在上篇文章里已经作了介绍，在此不再赘述。 统一性的含义是显而易见的。它要求我们写出的段落要紧紧的围绕一个主题来进行写作。应该注意的是，我们在写一个段落并试图通过这个段落来表达我们的某个观点的过程，永远是一个自问自答的过程。我们首先提出一个逻辑命题，然后用为人们所了解的细节来支持这个命题。我们可以想像，在读者刚刚读到我们的这个逻辑判断时，不禁要问“为什么”。一个优秀的作者，永远是在读者们问到“为什么”之前，就回答了自己提出的命题。有时候，我们的段落写得莫名其妙，就是因为我们自己提出了一个命题而自己没有回答。而另一个方面，一个段落只可以也最多只能表达一个命题。否则，阅卷的老师会认为作者有逻辑问题，思路不清晰。会认为我们在说明一个观点时，加入了一些不相关联的东西，从而干扰了读者对该观点的理解，于是该段落在表达观点时是没有效率的。 完整性的要求是相对的。一个观点到底需要多少阐述是视读者的需要而定的，这从很大程度上取决于作者的主观判断。而作者的主观判断又是取决于作者对该观点的理解以及对读者需要的理解。阐述过少当然会妨碍读者的理解，过多则会显得罗嗦。而且前者肯定会比后者问题更大。我们来看一段落。 As is known to all, in our routine work we are very often exposed to new technology. For instance, we need to use new computer software, such as Oracle and statistical tools; manipulate the latest multimedia player to demonstrate information and apply different and effective measures by which we communicate. On all these occasions, a good command of new technology is rather important. 这是从BEC3的同学习作文章中节选出的一个段落。这一段所要写的是为什么要从三门公司提供的培训课程中选择“Changes in Technology”这门课。作者的这个段落如果选择就此结束，那么他所呈现给他的读者们的将是一个没有结论的主题。至此所有的内容只是阐述了“工作中会经常接触到新技术。”而没有向读者们解释为什么要选修这门课程的原因。这显然是不够的。读者们还是想知道为什么工作中经常接触到新技术就非要选择这门课程呢？该交待的没有交待完，这显然违反了段落写作“完整性”的原则。下面的段落是接在上面段落的最后一句之后的。请看添加之后的效果。 Unfortunately all of us are rather weak in this aspect. When we take a course like Changes in Technology, we will have a chance to learn new technology quite systematically, and in class we will have plenty of chances to learn from our teachers, who are experts in new technology. More importantly, as I find from the training programme, all the class activities are job-oriented. So I am sure, after this course, we will be able to better application of the latest technology. 补足以后的段落就比较完整了。它向读者介绍了自己现在所面临的实际情况。正是因为日常的工作中需要接触到大量的新技术，同时自己在这方面又比较薄弱，而且自己在该课程上上又可以学到很多东西，所以才要选修这门课程。这样的理由才是充分的理由。 值得注意的是我们很多的同学的作文得不到理想分数的原因，不是因为自己提出的问题自己没有回答，而是因为自己没有完整的回答自己的问题，有一些东西没有说透，这时可以想像当考官来看我们“点到即止”的文章时，当然就觉得郁闷了，他恨不得帮你写完，你把考官给“憋死了”。这当然是笑话了。 如果说统一性解决的是“说没说到点子上的问题”，那么完整性解决的就是“说没说完的问题”。而接下来我们要谈的“条理性”解决的就是“怎么说的问题”。这就是如何去展开段落的问题（Order of Movement）。 段落的展开规定了我们所写的一个段落的发展方向和发展方式。总的说来，段落的展开有以下几种，1、from general to particular 2、from particular to general3、from the whole topic to its parts 4、from question to answer 5、from effect to cause. 还是以上文中所举的范文为例，这个段落就是一个典型的“from particular to general”的类型。它交代的顺序是层层递进的，主要由三层意思来构成：工作中经常会用到新技术 自己在了解新技术的应用方面不足 该课程有很多好处。最后得出结论，觉得肯定可以在该课程中学到最新技术的应用。前三层关系构成了支持最后结论的三个细节，互为依托，互相照应。结论句干净利落。 进一步的，我们可以根据对段落展开的这几个种类的了解，对这段范文进行改造。比如，如果我们想把原文转换成“from general to particular“的结构，只需在段首加一句Topic Sentence即可。它可以是“ Current situation and our necessity for the knowledge of technology make me to choose Changes in Technology.” 这样，段首一个主题句引领了这个段落接下来的发展方向，清晰明确。请同学们注意，这时，这段范文的展开结构实际上成为了“from general to particular to general”的结构，即通常意味上的“总分总”的结构。这种结构并不是一种独立的段落展开的结构，而只是“from general to particular”结构中的一种变体。因为通常上，“from general to particular”的结构正是始于general statement 然后由details展开，最后终于general statement的。（James M.McCrimmon 1976) “from particular to general” 及 “from general to particular”两种结构的比较分析： 前者结构所规定的文章的进程是和同学们在写文章时思想的进程相一致的。后者则是相逆的。一般的，根据我在BEC写作教学中的感觉，同学们的写作一般还是处于即想即写的自发状态，极少有事先周密计划的。这是可以理解的，因为一来同学们总的写作时间有限，二来同学们的耐心有限，所以从这两个角度讲，“From particular to general”的结构不失为向我们提供了一个针对我们写作的实际，指导我们进行写作的理论根据。它的含义是，同学们原则上可以顺着自己的思绪自然的写，而不必强求段首一定要有主题句。只要在段尾用一个“general statement”来总结一下就可以了。 1、前者结构适合“演绎”的结构，而后者结构适合“归纳”的结构。 2、前者对段落中的每一句的衔接水平要求较高，而后者结构则要求较低。这一点是容易理解的，因为前者结构直到最后读者才知道段落的中心思想。这就要求作者在段落前面的支持性的细节中的每一句话都要能吸引住读者，抓住读者的心直到中心思想出来的最后一刻。它的效果应该是“恍然大悟”。而在后者结构中，反正作者在段首就交待出了中心思想，下面的文字只要能说明它就可以了。它的效果应该是“早已明白”。这实际上也是一种平衡，如前所述，既然采用前者的结构，同学们可以在开始时，相对的在段落结构上不用“操什么心”，当然就要在具体段落的写作过程中“多操一些心了”。后者结构则反之，既然在开头已经计划周详，中间部分则只需按部就班就可以了。 3、前者结构的段落自然清新，容易写出优秀的段落；后者结构较死板和沉闷，段落不容易写得精彩，但也不容易犯“走题”这样的错误。同学们的写作灵感往往是在写的过程中涌现出来的，但灵感这种东西往往主观性较强，容易犯“脚踩西瓜皮”的错误。而把主观性的东西转化为客观可以操作的东西则需要靠段落下笔之前的计划。计划当然是事前的“条条框框”，不容易为以后的文字带来随意性的发挥，但它确实是以牺牲“灵感的创造”为代价的。这当然又是一种平衡了。 在以上总结的基础之上，同学们可以根据自己的写作特点选择采用。 在同学们写作的初级阶段，掌握住这两种段落开展的方法就可以了，因为基本上80%以上的同学们的习作是采用的这两种方式。限于篇幅，其他的几种段落展开的方式在此文中不作介绍了。最后以逻辑学家Roger W. Holmes 在其论述逻辑学的代表作《The Rhyme of Reason》中的段落来结束这篇文章，大家可以领略一下英语表达大师对“from particular to general”结构的运用技巧。 If you enjoy working out the strategy of games, tit-tat-toe or poker or chess; if you are interested in the frog who jumped up three feet and fell back two in getting out of a well, or in the fly buzzing between the noses of two approaching cyclists, or in the farmer who left land to his three sons; if you have been captivated by codes and ciphers or are interested in crossword puzzles; if you like to fool around with numbers; if music appeals to you by the sense of form which it expresses-then you will enjoy logic. You ought to be warmed, perhaps. Those who take up logic get glassy-eyed and absent minded. They join a fanatical cult. But they have a good time. Theirs is one of the most durable, absorbing and inexpensive of pleasures. Logic is fun.
大家还在找bec的口语常用 句子 吗？下面我已经为大家整理好了，来看看吧。
BEC 商务英语 口语40句实用句子 总结 1
1.Compared with other brands, this kind of tyre cost less per mile and wear much longer due to its topnotch rubber.
2. This kind of tyre is characteristic of nonskid stop on wet road.
3.This material has a durable and easy-to-clean surface.
4.This kind of air-conditioning system is practical and economical for the needs of your company.
5.Our products are as superb quality as well as the typical oriental make-up.
6.Our silk garments are made of super pure silk material and by traditional skills.
7. The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed great fame both at home and aboard.
8.As our typewriters are made of light and hard alloy they are both portable and endurable.
9.The hand bags we quoted are all made of the best leather and various the kinds and the styles in order to meet the requirements of all walks of life in your country.
10.As our products have all the feature you need and 20% cheaper compared with that Japanese made ,I strongly recommended to you.
BEC商务 英语口语 40句实用句子总结2
1.Vacuum cleaners of this brand are competitive in the international market and are the best- selling products of their kind.
2. “Forever” multiple speed racing bicycles are sure to be sellable in your market.
3. Owning to its superior quality and reasonable price our silk has met with warm reception and quick sale in most European countries.
4.We feel that our product is the best kind in Asia and we can very well compete against Japan in price.
5. Our goods are greatly appreciated in other markets similar to your own.
6.By virtue of its super quality ,this product is often sold out in many areas.
7.Our products are superior in quality and moderate in price and are sure to be sellable in your market.
8.These items are most sellable in our market.
9.There have been a steady demand in our market for this kind of toy.
10.We have the pleasure in recommending you the goods similar to the sample you send.
BEC商务英语口语40句实用句子总结3
1.We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a state-owned cooperation dealing exclusively in light industry goods.
2.We are introducing ourselves as one of the leading exporter of the same line of business.
3.We have to pleasure of introducing ourselves to you as a state cooperation specialized in export of can goods.
4.We introduce ourselves as dealer and bicycle and spare parts ,we have been in this line for over two decades.
5.Our cooperation is specialized in handling the export business of textiles.
6.The main products our cooperation deals in are electrical appliances.
7.Our company is mainly engaged in agriculture products.
8. We specialized in the export of table cloth.
9.Our company mainly deal with the export business of silk goods.
10. Our specialization is the exportation of Chinese silk garments.
BEC商务英语口语40句实用句子总结4
1.We are in a very good position to supply most grades of canned fish at competitive prices and for good delivery.
2. We are in the position to accept orders against customer’s samples specified deign ,speciation and packaging requirements.
3.We are now exporting straw and willow products ,embroideries ,porcelain wares ,jade carvings, antiques , Chinese paintings , silk flowers and various kinds of toys and gift.
4. Our cooperation is major producer of technical advance machinery and chemicals for industry and agriculture.
5. Electronic products fall within the scoped of our business activity.
6.We also do export business of hand-made woven articles.
7. We have been engaged in the glass business with many Asian countries for many years.
8.Our company is mainly in the land of exporting Chinese art abject to European market.
9.We also do import and export business in chemicals and agriculture products.
10.We have been importing and exporting all kinds of metals and minerals for thirty years and have many costumer and friends in over 80 countries and regions .
BEC商务英语口语40句实用句子总结相关 文章 ：
1. 关于希望与要求的商务英语口语常用句子合集
2. 高级商务英语口语句子练习素材汇总
3. 实用的常用商务英语句子
4. 商务英语常用口语100句
5. 关于BEC中级商务英语口语常用句型有哪些
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商务英语高级写作
商务英语是以适应职场生活的语言要求为目的，内容涉及到商务活动的'方方面面。下面是我整理的商务英语写作范文，希望能帮到大家!
Sample answer: (235words)
Reassessment of job satisfaction: SuePearson(PR Dept.)
Introduction
This report sets out to use Workset colours toassess the accuracy of my job description as PRofficer and to suggest a number of changes.
Findings
It is clear that there is a difference between theway the company views the job and the reality as I perceive it. Firstly, a number of areas whichdemand a significant proportion of my time are not mentioned in the official job brief. Thesegment on the pie chart which provides most cause for concern is the pink sector; this relatesto my attendance at a number of meetings which I can contribute little. Another significantarea is the grey segment; this refers to the unscheduled time I spend sorting out computerproblems. I feel these activities are hampering my core work. As can be seen from the piecharts, the time I spend actively working to meet the goals agreed with my line manager is lessthan envisaged.
Conclusions
The above discrepancies clearly indicate that my current job brief is inaccurate.
Recommendations
I would recommend that my official job brief should be updated using the Workset colours.It would also be valuable to consider the proportion of non-core colours in the pie chart andto investigate whether work in these areas could be carried out by someone else more suitedto these tasks.
Dear Mr Jacobs
I am writing to apply to the position of SalesAdviser for the North East Region which wasadvertised in Herald International yesterday.
Although I am currently working in the MarketingDepartment of a large multinational, I wouldappreciate to work for a rapidly expanding youngcompany such as yours.
As you can see from my enclosed CV, I obtainedan honours degree in Sales and Marketing from Nottingham University in 1994. I thoroughlyenjoyed the six months I spent in working in Boots plc as pert of the course. During this time Igained invaluable insights into the nature of sales. After leaving university I initially spent timeworking for a small local firm before finding my current job and I feel that I am more suited tothe dynamics and varied demands of a smaller firm.
Not only has my experience familiarised me with the challenges faced by the industry todaybut, having been brought up in the north east, I know the region, its problems and itsundoubted potential. As a result, I feel that I would be able to relate to your customers onboth a professional and a personal level.
I am available for interview from 15 September and would be pleased to discuss my CV inmore detail then,
I look forward to hearing from you.
Yours sincerely
A motivation survey
How to improve efficiency
Recently,our company has been focusing on how to improve efficiency.I did a research on trying to put the relevant problems into spotlight.
Firstly, the staffing levels is too heavy to make responsibilities and duties clear to everybody.For example,there are two sales directors under the chief directors.on account of the ambiguity existing in the segregation of duties,these two directors often give contradicted orders.therefore,a task couldn’t be executed rightly and similarly.My recommendation is to simplify the personnel ,by cutting off the unnecessary personnel ,adding creativity.
Secondly, the communication between superior and subordinate is sophisticated and indirect.The manager couldn’t get feedback timely when the workers at the production line encounter difficulty.I advise to set a straight line communication channel.
The last but not the least,as the development of export,setting up a new department focusing on foreign trade is essential.The new department could born from the sales department,which could be a good choice for the staff who cut down from sales department.Besides we also need to recruit a batch of new employees who are gathering English ,contract,and technical ability on himself into it.
In conclusion,it is impossible to improve efficiency simply by simplifying process and personnel.We need to undergo a big ache all over the company,which means certain people ‘s vested interest. We have to conquer the obstruction if we want to get it.
学好英语不能一蹴而就，在学习的过程中掌握方法是很重要的，方法用对了，学习效率才能提高。下面就来看看这篇商务英语写作技巧有哪些，相信你们会喜欢的。1. 用现代商务语言取代过时的表达。商务邮件的目的是为了传达信息或说服对方，而不是参加写作比赛。一定要用自己的写作技巧给考官留下深刻印象，为了达到交流的目的，商务写作应该简洁自然，不能空话套话，用现代商务语言去替换过时或陈旧的表达。2. 用自然、口语化的方式写作。虽然商务邮件是书面的，但它不同于一般的书面体(如学术论文)。现代商务邮件写作鼓励使用自然流畅的语言，就像面对面交谈一样。我们可以把自己的一些思想、个性和情感融入到写作中，让读者觉得作者是一个活生生的人，而不是一台没有感情的公文机器，这样的句子太正式，难以阅读。这实际上在读者和商务交流中产生了距离感，可以用更自然的方式来表达。3. 使用主动语态。在商务邮件中使用被动语态会显得生硬和官僚化，而主动语态则更有趣和有力。当然，主动语态并不是所有的情形下都必须要使用。当动作发出的主语不明确或不重要时，不要使用被动语态。同时，由于在被动语态中看不出动作发出者是谁，我们有时在商业中使用被动语态是为了逃避责任或含糊其辞。4. 多使用动词代替名词。动词名词化(例如，把avoid写成avoid of)会拉长句子，使句子不那么生动和客观，在写作中我们应该尽量用动词而不是名词。学好英语不能一蹴而就，在学习的过程中掌握方法是很重要的，方法用对了，学习效率才能提高。
[摘要] 本文从情景语境特征、语言特征、衔接手段特征和语篇结构特征四个方面通过具体的实例来说明了商务英语信函的语篇特点，为商务英语信函的写作交流提供了启示。 [关键词] 商务英语信函 语篇特点 情景语境 衔接手段 商务英语信函是一种常用的英语应用文体，它在贸易往来中发挥着重要作用。然而，在实际的商务交流中，有些信件冗长而不连贯，有些信件不符合商务交流的基本要求。与普通信件相比，商务信函有其独特的语篇特点。为了有效地利用商务英语信函进行商务交流，我们有必要对商务英语信函的语篇特点进行探讨和分析。 一、情景语境特征 商务英语信函多用于国际贸易交往中，是英语文化中的一种特殊的语篇。根据情景语境的三个变项, 商务英语信函的情景语境可以描述为： 话语范围：涉及外贸交易的各个环节，如下订单、跟进业务、付运、存货、付款等等。 话语基调：正式的，商务信函具有合同性质，是双方经过多次交往而达成的交易。 话语方式：用于阅读的书面语，具有较强的语境独立性，属于信函。 商务英语信函情景语境的这三个变项制约着语言的选择，使得语篇表现出特定的语域特征。 二、语言特征 1.词汇特征 (1)措辞明了、礼貌 商务信函在其词汇选择上，遵循“明了(clarity)”与“礼貌(courtesy)”的原则。要准确传达商务交流的内容，应该尽量选择简短或词义相对单一而稳定的词，例如用“use”取代“utilization”，用“try”取代“endeavor”等。在词义色彩方面，商务英语信函用词正式，礼貌用语颇多。收到对方的询盘、报盘、或订货等，不管能否接受，都要以礼貌的语言来表示诚挚的谢意，例如使用以下词汇：appreciate, please, thanks 等。 (2)缩略语使用较多 商务英语信函中多使用一些约定俗成的缩略语，这些缩略语定义准确，在商务信函中的使用相当的广泛,涉及到贸易价格术语、运输、支付与结算等。例如常用的缩略语有:FOB(Free on Board)“装运港船上交货”，CIF (Cost, Insurance and Freight)“到岸价”，L/C(Letter of Credit)“信用证”，D/P(Documents against Payment)“付款交单”等。 2.句式特征 商务英语信函的语篇主要是提供信息的, 陈述句使用得最多，它广泛运用于叙述、解释或说明外贸交往业务的各个方面，用来说明事实。由于外贸交往遵循礼貌原则，因而商务信函的写作也要遵循礼貌原则。而商务英语信函中，礼貌原则在句法方面主要体现在虚拟句的广泛使用。虚拟句使得语气委婉客气，在商务英语信函中使用较多。
大家还在找bec的口语常用 句子 吗？下面我已经为大家整理好了，来看看吧。
BEC 商务英语 口语40句实用句子 总结 1
1.Compared with other brands, this kind of tyre cost less per mile and wear much longer due to its topnotch rubber.
2. This kind of tyre is characteristic of nonskid stop on wet road.
3.This material has a durable and easy-to-clean surface.
4.This kind of air-conditioning system is practical and economical for the needs of your company.
5.Our products are as superb quality as well as the typical oriental make-up.
6.Our silk garments are made of super pure silk material and by traditional skills.
7. The garments are magnificent and tasteful and have long enjoyed great fame both at home and aboard.
8.As our typewriters are made of light and hard alloy they are both portable and endurable.
9.The hand bags we quoted are all made of the best leather and various the kinds and the styles in order to meet the requirements of all walks of life in your country.
10.As our products have all the feature you need and 20% cheaper compared with that Japanese made ,I strongly recommended to you.
BEC商务 英语口语 40句实用句子总结2
1.Vacuum cleaners of this brand are competitive in the international market and are the best- selling products of their kind.
2. “Forever” multiple speed racing bicycles are sure to be sellable in your market.
3. Owning to its superior quality and reasonable price our silk has met with warm reception and quick sale in most European countries.
4.We feel that our product is the best kind in Asia and we can very well compete against Japan in price.
5. Our goods are greatly appreciated in other markets similar to your own.
6.By virtue of its super quality ,this product is often sold out in many areas.
7.Our products are superior in quality and moderate in price and are sure to be sellable in your market.
8.These items are most sellable in our market.
9.There have been a steady demand in our market for this kind of toy.
10.We have the pleasure in recommending you the goods similar to the sample you send.
BEC商务英语口语40句实用句子总结3
1.We wish to introduce ourselves to you as a state-owned cooperation dealing exclusively in light industry goods.
2.We are introducing ourselves as one of the leading exporter of the same line of business.
3.We have to pleasure of introducing ourselves to you as a state cooperation specialized in export of can goods.
4.We introduce ourselves as dealer and bicycle and spare parts ,we have been in this line for over two decades.
5.Our cooperation is specialized in handling the export business of textiles.
6.The main products our cooperation deals in are electrical appliances.
7.Our company is mainly engaged in agriculture products.
8. We specialized in the export of table cloth.
9.Our company mainly deal with the export business of silk goods.
10. Our specialization is the exportation of Chinese silk garments.
BEC商务英语口语40句实用句子总结4
1.We are in a very good position to supply most grades of canned fish at competitive prices and for good delivery.
2. We are in the position to accept orders against customer’s samples specified deign ,speciation and packaging requirements.
3.We are now exporting straw and willow products ,embroideries ,porcelain wares ,jade carvings, antiques , Chinese paintings , silk flowers and various kinds of toys and gift.
4. Our cooperation is major producer of technical advance machinery and chemicals for industry and agriculture.
5. Electronic products fall within the scoped of our business activity.
6.We also do export business of hand-made woven articles.
7. We have been engaged in the glass business with many Asian countries for many years.
8.Our company is mainly in the land of exporting Chinese art abject to European market.
9.We also do import and export business in chemicals and agriculture products.
10.We have been importing and exporting all kinds of metals and minerals for thirty years and have many costumer and friends in over 80 countries and regions .
BEC商务英语口语40句实用句子总结相关 文章 ：
1. 关于希望与要求的商务英语口语常用句子合集
2. 高级商务英语口语句子练习素材汇总
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内容概述：为了使得我们的段落在表达思想方面有效，通常对段落有四个方面的要求：第一，如上所述，一个段落只能讲述一个主题，即统一性；第二，段落应该讲述作者关于此主题所要讲述的全部内容；第三，段落应该有一个易于被读者所读懂的展开顺序；第四，段落中的句子应该是紧密地衔接在一起的。这就是英语语言专家James M.McCrimmon(Florida State University 1976)对于段落的写作所提出的基本要求，即“unity（统一性），completeness（完整性）,order（条理性）,and coherence（连贯性）。” BEC 2和BEC3的写作部分里所要求写的文章，从体裁（Genre）上来讲都是说明文（Expository）。而在一篇说明文里，通常一个典型段落一般只能表达一个独立完整的观点。所谓独立完整的含义是指段落里所提出的观点应该是有逻辑判断的，并且是有细节支持的。所以在BEC写作中,或者在一般的英文的说明文写作中，段落是我们表达一个独立完整观点的最小单位。 为了使得我们的段落在表达思想方面有效，通常对段落有四个方面的要求：第一，如上所述，一个段落只能讲述一个主题，即统一性；第二，段落应该讲述作者关于此主题所要讲述的全部内容；第三，段落应该有一个易于被读者所读懂的展开顺序；第四，段落中的句子应该是紧密地衔接在一起的。这就是英语语言专家James M.McCrimmon(Florida State University 1976)对于段落的写作所提出的基本要求，即“unity（统一性），completeness（完整性）,order（条理性）,and coherence（连贯性）。” 连贯性即语篇的衔接问题，我们在上篇文章里已经作了介绍，在此不再赘述。 统一性的含义是显而易见的。它要求我们写出的段落要紧紧的围绕一个主题来进行写作。应该注意的是，我们在写一个段落并试图通过这个段落来表达我们的某个观点的过程，永远是一个自问自答的过程。我们首先提出一个逻辑命题，然后用为人们所了解的细节来支持这个命题。我们可以想像，在读者刚刚读到我们的这个逻辑判断时，不禁要问“为什么”。一个优秀的作者，永远是在读者们问到“为什么”之前，就回答了自己提出的命题。有时候，我们的段落写得莫名其妙，就是因为我们自己提出了一个命题而自己没有回答。而另一个方面，一个段落只可以也最多只能表达一个命题。否则，阅卷的老师会认为作者有逻辑问题，思路不清晰。会认为我们在说明一个观点时，加入了一些不相关联的东西，从而干扰了读者对该观点的理解，于是该段落在表达观点时是没有效率的。 完整性的要求是相对的。一个观点到底需要多少阐述是视读者的需要而定的，这从很大程度上取决于作者的主观判断。而作者的主观判断又是取决于作者对该观点的理解以及对读者需要的理解。阐述过少当然会妨碍读者的理解，过多则会显得罗嗦。而且前者肯定会比后者问题更大。我们来看一段落。 As is known to all, in our routine work we are very often exposed to new technology. For instance, we need to use new computer software, such as Oracle and statistical tools; manipulate the latest multimedia player to demonstrate information and apply different and effective measures by which we communicate. On all these occasions, a good command of new technology is rather important. 这是从BEC3的同学习作文章中节选出的一个段落。这一段所要写的是为什么要从三门公司提供的培训课程中选择“Changes in Technology”这门课。作者的这个段落如果选择就此结束，那么他所呈现给他的读者们的将是一个没有结论的主题。至此所有的内容只是阐述了“工作中会经常接触到新技术。”而没有向读者们解释为什么要选修这门课程的原因。这显然是不够的。读者们还是想知道为什么工作中经常接触到新技术就非要选择这门课程呢？该交待的没有交待完，这显然违反了段落写作“完整性”的原则。下面的段落是接在上面段落的最后一句之后的。请看添加之后的效果。 Unfortunately all of us are rather weak in this aspect. When we take a course like Changes in Technology, we will have a chance to learn new technology quite systematically, and in class we will have plenty of chances to learn from our teachers, who are experts in new technology. More importantly, as I find from the training programme, all the class activities are job-oriented. So I am sure, after this course, we will be able to better application of the latest technology. 补足以后的段落就比较完整了。它向读者介绍了自己现在所面临的实际情况。正是因为日常的工作中需要接触到大量的新技术，同时自己在这方面又比较薄弱，而且自己在该课程上上又可以学到很多东西，所以才要选修这门课程。这样的理由才是充分的理由。 值得注意的是我们很多的同学的作文得不到理想分数的原因，不是因为自己提出的问题自己没有回答，而是因为自己没有完整的回答自己的问题，有一些东西没有说透，这时可以想像当考官来看我们“点到即止”的文章时，当然就觉得郁闷了，他恨不得帮你写完，你把考官给“憋死了”。这当然是笑话了。 如果说统一性解决的是“说没说到点子上的问题”，那么完整性解决的就是“说没说完的问题”。而接下来我们要谈的“条理性”解决的就是“怎么说的问题”。这就是如何去展开段落的问题（Order of Movement）。 段落的展开规定了我们所写的一个段落的发展方向和发展方式。总的说来，段落的展开有以下几种，1、from general to particular 2、from particular to general3、from the whole topic to its parts 4、from question to answer 5、from effect to cause. 还是以上文中所举的范文为例，这个段落就是一个典型的“from particular to general”的类型。它交代的顺序是层层递进的，主要由三层意思来构成：工作中经常会用到新技术 自己在了解新技术的应用方面不足 该课程有很多好处。最后得出结论，觉得肯定可以在该课程中学到最新技术的应用。前三层关系构成了支持最后结论的三个细节，互为依托，互相照应。结论句干净利落。 进一步的，我们可以根据对段落展开的这几个种类的了解，对这段范文进行改造。比如，如果我们想把原文转换成“from general to particular“的结构，只需在段首加一句Topic Sentence即可。它可以是“ Current situation and our necessity for the knowledge of technology make me to choose Changes in Technology.” 这样，段首一个主题句引领了这个段落接下来的发展方向，清晰明确。请同学们注意，这时，这段范文的展开结构实际上成为了“from general to particular to general”的结构，即通常意味上的“总分总”的结构。这种结构并不是一种独立的段落展开的结构，而只是“from general to particular”结构中的一种变体。因为通常上，“from general to particular”的结构正是始于general statement 然后由details展开，最后终于general statement的。（James M.McCrimmon 1976) “from particular to general” 及 “from general to particular”两种结构的比较分析： 前者结构所规定的文章的进程是和同学们在写文章时思想的进程相一致的。后者则是相逆的。一般的，根据我在BEC写作教学中的感觉，同学们的写作一般还是处于即想即写的自发状态，极少有事先周密计划的。这是可以理解的，因为一来同学们总的写作时间有限，二来同学们的耐心有限，所以从这两个角度讲，“From particular to general”的结构不失为向我们提供了一个针对我们写作的实际，指导我们进行写作的理论根据。它的含义是，同学们原则上可以顺着自己的思绪自然的写，而不必强求段首一定要有主题句。只要在段尾用一个“general statement”来总结一下就可以了。 1、前者结构适合“演绎”的结构，而后者结构适合“归纳”的结构。 2、前者对段落中的每一句的衔接水平要求较高，而后者结构则要求较低。这一点是容易理解的，因为前者结构直到最后读者才知道段落的中心思想。这就要求作者在段落前面的支持性的细节中的每一句话都要能吸引住读者，抓住读者的心直到中心思想出来的最后一刻。它的效果应该是“恍然大悟”。而在后者结构中，反正作者在段首就交待出了中心思想，下面的文字只要能说明它就可以了。它的效果应该是“早已明白”。这实际上也是一种平衡，如前所述，既然采用前者的结构，同学们可以在开始时，相对的在段落结构上不用“操什么心”，当然就要在具体段落的写作过程中“多操一些心了”。后者结构则反之，既然在开头已经计划周详，中间部分则只需按部就班就可以了。 3、前者结构的段落自然清新，容易写出优秀的段落；后者结构较死板和沉闷，段落不容易写得精彩，但也不容易犯“走题”这样的错误。同学们的写作灵感往往是在写的过程中涌现出来的，但灵感这种东西往往主观性较强，容易犯“脚踩西瓜皮”的错误。而把主观性的东西转化为客观可以操作的东西则需要靠段落下笔之前的计划。计划当然是事前的“条条框框”，不容易为以后的文字带来随意性的发挥，但它确实是以牺牲“灵感的创造”为代价的。这当然又是一种平衡了。 在以上总结的基础之上，同学们可以根据自己的写作特点选择采用。 在同学们写作的初级阶段，掌握住这两种段落开展的方法就可以了，因为基本上80%以上的同学们的习作是采用的这两种方式。限于篇幅，其他的几种段落展开的方式在此文中不作介绍了。最后以逻辑学家Roger W. Holmes 在其论述逻辑学的代表作《The Rhyme of Reason》中的段落来结束这篇文章，大家可以领略一下英语表达大师对“from particular to general”结构的运用技巧。 If you enjoy working out the strategy of games, tit-tat-toe or poker or chess; if you are interested in the frog who jumped up three feet and fell back two in getting out of a well, or in the fly buzzing between the noses of two approaching cyclists, or in the farmer who left land to his three sons; if you have been captivated by codes and ciphers or are interested in crossword puzzles; if you like to fool around with numbers; if music appeals to you by the sense of form which it expresses-then you will enjoy logic. You ought to be warmed, perhaps. Those who take up logic get glassy-eyed and absent minded. They join a fanatical cult. But they have a good time. Theirs is one of the most durable, absorbing and inexpensive of pleasures. Logic is fun.
1、本合同用英文和中文两种文字写成，一式四份。双方执英文本和中文本各一式两份，两种文字具有同等效力。 The contract is made out in English and Chinese languages in quadruplicate, both texts being equally authentic, and each Party shall hold two copies of each text. 2、本合同由双方代表于1999年12月9日签订。合同签订后，由各方分别向本国政府*申请批准，以最后一方的批准日期为本合同的生效日期，双方应力争在60天内获得批准，用电传通知对方，并用信件确认。若本合同自签字之日起，6个月仍不能生效，双方有权解除本合同。 This contract is signed by the authorized representatives of both parties on Dec. 9, 1999. After signing the contract, both parties shall apply to their respective Government Authorities for ratification. The date of ratification last obtained shall be taken as the effective date of the Contract. Both parties shall exert their utmost efforts to obtain the ratification within 60 days and shall advise the other party by telex and thereafter send a registered letter for confirmation. 3、本合同有效期从合同生效之日算起共10年，有效期满后，本合同自动失效。 The contract shall be valid for 10 years from the effective date of the contract, on the expiry of the validity term of contract, the contract shall automatically become null and void. 4、本合同期限届满时，双方发生的未了债权和债务不受合同期满的影响，债务人应向债权人继续偿付未了债务。 The outstanding (未了的)claims and liabilities（债权和债务） existing between both parties on the expiry of the validity of the contract shall not be influenced by the expiration of this contract. The debtor shall be kept liable until the debtor fully pays up his debts to the creditor. 附上商务英语常用词汇 Agreement and contract（协议与合同） agency agreement 代理协议 agreement on general terms and conditions on business一般经营交易条件的协议agreement on loan facilities up to a given amount商定借款协议 agreement fixing price共同定价协议 agreement on import licensing procedure 进口许可证手续协议 agreement on reinsurance 分保协议 agreement to resell 转售协议 bilateral agreement 双边协议 bilateral trade agreement 双边贸易协议 commercial agreement 商业协定 compensation trade agreement 补偿贸易协议 distributorship agreement 销售协议 exclusive distributorship agreement 销售协议 guarantee agreement 担保协议 international trade agreement 国际贸易协议 joint venture agreement 合营协议 licensing agreement 许可证协议 loan agreement 贷款协议 management agreement 经营管理协议 multilateral trade agreement 多边贸易协议 operating agreement 经营协议 partnership agreement 合伙契约 supply agreement 供货合同 trade agreement 贸易协议 written contract 书面协议 ad referendum contract 暂定合同 agency contract 代理合同 barter contract 易货合同 binding contract 有约束力合 blank form contact 空白合同 commercial contract 商业合同 compensation trade contact 补偿贸易合同 cross licence contract 互换许可证合同 exclusive licence contract 许可证合同 Ex contract 由于合同 Export contract 出口合同 Firm sale contact 确定的销售合同 Formal contract 正式合同 Forward contract 期货合同 Illegal contract 非法合同 Import contract 进口合同 Indirect contract 间接合同 Installment contract 分期合同 International trade contract 国际贸易合同