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自考国际商务英语重点归纳句子

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自考国际商务英语重点归纳句子

05355商务英语翻译试卷第1套I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.A. 如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。B. 如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。C. 如果处理不当,墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。D. 如果处理不当,墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( hereinafter called the "Seller"). A. 2002年3月7日,本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]订立。B. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。C. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。D. 2002年3月7日,本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]订立。3. Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.A. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。B. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。C. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。D. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。4. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of US$30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time. A. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元,以便卖方及时提取款项。B. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元,以便买方及时提取款项。C. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款共计30000美元,以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。D. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款30000美元,以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。5. China’s compliance with an intellectual-property accord is seen as a keen test of its sincerity in abiding by WTO rules.A. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 B. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议,被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。C. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议已经视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。D. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议,被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 6. The new prosperity may represent a long, sustained plateau of brisk demand, plentiful jobs, and increased living standards.A. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会,生活水平也得到了改善。B. 新的繁荣可能表现为持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量的就业机会,生活水平也得到了提高。C. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会,生活水平也得到了提高。D. 新的繁荣表现为一段持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量就业机会,生活水平也得到了改善。 7. Shippers are requested to note particularly the exceptions and conditions of this bill of lading with reference to the validity of the insurance upon their goods. A. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。 B. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。C. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。D. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。8. The seller must supply the goods in conformity with the contract of sale, together with such evidence of conformity as may be required by the contract. A. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物,如合同有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。B. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物,如合同有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。C. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物,如有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。D. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物,如另有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。9. The home of your dreams awaits you behind this door. Whether your taste be a country manor estate or a penthouse in the sky, you will find the following pages filled with the world’s most elegant residences. A. 打开门,等候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。B. 打开门,恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间领地,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。C. 打开门,恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住处供您选择。D. 打开门,恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。10. Unemployment in America (as of mid-1990) was running near 5.25 percent. That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment, but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate.A. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。按以往充分就业的标准比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。B. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。按以往的标准,这个比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。C. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。以往充分就业的标准比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。D. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。以往的标准,这个比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。II. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 2. bank portfolio 3. housing mortgages 4. barter trade 5. bills and forms 6. fiscal year 7. cargo insurance 8. carrying vessel 9. clean payment credit 10. clearance sale 11. accounting systems 12. comparative advantage 13. economic incentives 14. financial statements 15. bills of exchange 16. captioned goods 17. floating policy 18. international specialization 19. straight B/L 20. under separate cover III. Translation Improvement from English to Chinese. For each English sentence, there is one or more errors in the translation provided. Please underline the error or errors, and then write the whole of your improved version in the space provided below. (20 points, 2 points for each)1. 原文:Commercial business is very profitable, and most radio and TV stations depend on the income.译文:商事很赚钱,大部分电台和电视台都靠这部分收入而生存。改进译文:广告是很赚钱的生意,大部分电台和电视台都靠广告费收入而生存2. 原文:Worry about the possibility of less severe, but still debilitating, recessions persisted, however. 译文:然而,关于会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退的担心仍然持续着。改进的译文:然而,人们仍然担心会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退。3. 原文:Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.译文:承包商依据适当的法律或分包合同在对拥有的任何权力不带成见的条件下,应该有权扣留或暂缓支付在不同情况下应由承包商支付给分包商的任何全部或部分金额。改进的译文:在不影响按适用法律或分包合同享有任何权利的情况下,承包商有权扣留或暂缓支付承包商应付给分包商的全部或部分到期金额。4. 原文:Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 译文:商务指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合,通过它们利润和经济盈余将被创造。改进的译文:商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合,通过这些活动能创造利润和经济盈余。5. 原文:Dickerson is an international marketing company specializing in fertilizers, chemicals, cocoa, pesticides, coal, agricultural products and many others.译文:狄格森公司是一家国际营销公司,专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品。改进的译文:狄格森公司是一家国际贸易公司,专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品6. 原文:We regret the four of the items enquired for in your Fax are unfortunately not available for export.译文:很遗憾,贵方传真所询商品有4项无货可供。改进的译文:很遗憾,贵方传真所询的4项商品均无货可供。7. 原文:Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of non-affiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects. 译文:若没有来自国外的直接投资,公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。改进的译文:若没有对国外进行直接投资,公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。8. 原文:The purpose of engineering is to create useful goods, to make them better, cheaper and more abundant. 译文:工程的目的是要创造有用的物品,使它们更好、更便宜、更充足。改进的译文:工程的目的是要创造有用的物品,使其质量更好、价格更便宜、数量更充足。9. 原文:It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.译文:那时,世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了,各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。改进的译文:在这种情况下, 世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了,各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。10. 原文:The Contract is in octuplicate, four in the Chinese language and four in the English language.译文:本合同一式8份,中文4份,英文4份。改进的译文:本合同一式8份,中英文版本各4份。IV. Business letter Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)SUNRISE GARMENT COMPANY25 Dongfeng Boulevard, Tianjin 300026 P.R.C.June 22, 2000Ms. Margaret ZengerDirector, Purchasing DivisionPan America Farment, Inc.529 Randaph DriveNew Orleans, Louisiana 70167USADear Ms. Zenger;Thank you for your enquiry of June 5. We are pleased to know that you are interested in our raincoats.Our Rainbow range is popular not only because of its light weight but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:100 Rainbow coats, men's, medium at $ 6.00 each $600.00100 Rainbow coats, men's, small at $ 5.50 each $550.00100 Rainbow coats, women's, medium at $ 5.00 each $500.00100 Rainbow coats, women’s, small at $ 4.50 each $450.00 $2,100.00Less 10 percent trade discount $210.00FOB Xingang Tianjin $1,890.00Freight $69.00Insurance $14.50 $1,973.50We will ship your order within three or four weeks after receiving it.We feel you may be interested in some of our other products and enclose a descriptive booklet for your reference.We look forward to receiving your order.Sincerely,Yi YuanSales ManagerV. Contract translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Any failure or delay in the performance by either party hereto of its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach hereof or give rise to any claims for damages if and to the extent that it is caused by occurrences beyond the control of the party affected, including, but without limiting the generality of the forgoing, acts of governmental authority, acts of god, strikes or concerted acts of workmen, fires, floods, explosions, wars, riots, storms, earth¬quakes, accidents, acts of a public enemy, rebellion, insurrection, sabotage, epidemic, quarantine restrictions, shortages of labour, materials or supplies, failures by contractors or subcontractors, transportation embargoes, failures or delays in transportation, rules, regulations, orders or directives of any government or any state, subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof or the order of any court of competent jurisdiction.参考译文:本协议任何一方未能履行基本协议规定的义务或有所延误,如果是由于发生该方无法控制的事件所造成的,则在此范围内不构成对本协议的违反,也不得引起任何赔偿损失的要求。这类事件在不局限于上述一般概念的前提下包括:政府的行为,自然界的行为,工人罢工或联合行动、火灾、水灾、爆炸、战争、暴乱、风暴、地震、事故,社会公敌的行为,叛乱,起义,破坏,传染病,隔离控制,劳动力、原材料或物资短缺,承包者或分包者未履约,禁运、运输方面未能履约或延误,任何政府或国家、下属各部门、机构或组织的条例、规定、命令或指示,任何有管辖权的法院的命令商务英语翻译第1套 答案和参考译文VI. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. BVII. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差2. bank portfolio 银行资产3. housing mortgages 住房按揭 4. barter trade 易货贸易5. bills and forms 单据与表格6. fiscal year 财政年度7. cargo insurance 货物保险8. carrying vessel 装货船只9. clean payment credit光票付款信用证10. clearance sale 清仓削价销售11. accounting systems 会计制度12. comparative advantage 比较优势13. economic incentives 经济动机14. financial statements 财务报表,财务决算,财政决算15. bills of exchange 汇票16. captioned goods 标题/上述货物17. floating policy 统保单18. international specialization 国际分工19. straight B/L 记名提单20. under separate cover 另函

建议你报班去学习吧!自己复习总是有漏洞的,还容易懈怠,报一个复习班会好点吧……

简单的讲就是:与商务有关的英语 + 基本的商务知识。 现在的实际是:与产品出口有关的英语 + 基本商务知识 一、从课程方面来看 主要的:英语函电、国际商务英语、国际贸易实务、经贸资刊。 二、实际学习的内容重点: (1)与出口业务有关的过程,包括:询盘,还盘,磋商和签定合同(英文),制作:装箱单,发票,理解:保险单,提单等。 (2)常见的国际贸易形式,如:代理,投标,拍卖和电子商务等。 (3)熟悉出口业务中,常见的词汇。如:B/L,L/C,Inquiry. (4)能用英文交流,明白其中所涉及的英文含义,其中包括,邮件、电话、面对面等多种方式。 推荐你去学enging电话英语,上述内容都会让你轻松掌握。 简而言之,通过学习商务英语,能熟练运用英语进行与出口业务有关的工作。

不想跑课就在网上找个口语学习也不错啊,下班晚上上课撒,周末照旧可以玩什么的,也不影响生活!ABC天卞英语我觉得还不错.好. 是在线学习的~每天在家通过网络和老师进行互动交流的形式授课 还挺方便的上课方式 英语专业都会选二外的德语是二外之一。可以选,也可以选别的。但统一都得学门其他语言。如果你学通了的话将来是很吃香的哟。商务英语是经济类英语要学的必修课,只有通过了bbc考试才算有用。而且这个东西只适用于南方,北方一般不承认这个。

自考国际商务英语重点句型归纳

建议你报班去学习吧!自己复习总是有漏洞的,还容易懈怠,报一个复习班会好点吧……

国际商务英语学科考试复习要点Lesson 1 International Business商务术语:FDI GDP BOT patent copyright value chain franchising (紫色书10-11页)考点:国际商务贸易的主要类型(major types of international business) A.Trade(贸易): a. commodity trade (商品贸易,也叫有形贸易visible trade ) b. service trade (服务贸易, 也叫无形贸易invisible trade) B. Investment (投资): a. foreign direct investment (FDI 外国直接投资) b. portfolio investment (证券投资) C. Other types (其他类型): a. licensing and franchising (国际许可与特许经营) b. management contract and contract manufacturing (管理合同和承包生产)翻译练习:1. 随着经济全球化的发展,无形贸易即使在发展中国家的国际贸易中所占的比例也逐渐增大With the development of economic globalization, invisible trade accounts for an increasing proportion of the world trade even in the developing countries2. BOT是 “交钥匙”工程的一种流行的变通形式BOT is a popular variant of the turnkey projectLesson 2 Income Level and the World Market商务术语:GNP PPP ( purchasing power parity 购买力平价) Staple goods (大路货) creditor country ( 债权国) (紫色书25页)考点:国民生产总值和国内生产总值 (GNP 和GDP)GNP: refers to the market value of goods and services produced by the property and labor owned by the residents of an economyGDP: refers to the market value of all goods and services produced within the geographic area of an economy.Per capita income (人均收入): It is calculated by dividing its national income by its populationTriad and Quad (三方组合和四方组合): A. United States B. Western Europe C. Japan D. Canada翻译练习:1. 国民生产总值和国内生产总值体现了一个国家的全部收入,在衡量国民收入方面可以互换使用。GNP and GDP indicate a country’s total income. They can be used interchangeably to measure the level of its national income.2. 欧盟作为三方组合的一个分支,在使我们的市场多元化方面起着相当重要的作用EU, as one leg of Triad, plays an important role in the respect of diversifying our marketLesson 3 Regional Economic Integration商务术语: tariff rates(关税率) settlement (协议) cartel (卡特尔) free trade area NAFTA(North American Free Trade Agreement北美自由贸易协定) 紫色书41页考点:1. 地区一体化的主要目标 (Major objectives of regional integration)To better enjoy the benefit of free flow of goods, services, capital, labor and other resources, at the same time possibly put up barriers to economic activities with non-members2. 地区经济一体化的四个层次( Four levels of regional economic integration)A. Free trade area (自由贸易区)----经济一体化程度低,内部团结,但各成员对外采用各自的贸易政策B. Customs Union (关税同盟)---所有成员对外都实行相同的贸易政策C. Common market (共同市场)---共同的对外政策,生产要素也在各成员国间流动D. Economic union( 经济联盟)----经济一体化程度最高, 共同的对外政策,生产要素也 . 在各成员国间流动, 统一协调各国在经济金融领域的 国内政策,统一货币 3. 掌握EU (欧洲联盟) , APEC(亚太经济合作组织). OPEC (石油输出国组织) 翻译练习:1. 共同市场具有使商品, 服务,劳动力甚至资本,技术在各成员国之间自由流通的特点.The common market is characterized by the free flow of capital and technology besides goods, services and labor.2. 欧盟是一个机构齐全的实体,其历史可以追溯到1952年.The European Union is a full-fledged entity, whose history dates back to 1952.Lesson 4 Economic Globalization商务术语:Shareholders(股东), board of directors(董事会), parent company(母公司), affiliate(子公司), day-to-day running(日常管理), multinational corporation(跨国公司), home country(母公司所在国), host country(东道国)紫色书63-64页考点:1. 经济全球化的基本特征和优劣势:A. Basic feature:a. free flow of commodity,capital, technology,service and information b. optimized allocation of resources(资源优化配置)B. Advantages and negative impacts:Advantages: a. new impetus and opportunities to world economic development b. mutual benefits from economic boomsNegative impacts: a. make countries more vulnerable to the adverse events across the global b. not balanced benefits3. 跨国公司 (multinational corporations)A. organization---parent and affiliates (组织----母公司与子公司)B. features: a. enormous size b. wide geographical spread (广阔的地域分布) c. needs ,goals and roles (需要, 目标和作用): profits, securityC. four types: a. multi-domestic corporation b. global corporation c. transnational corporation d. world company4. 翻译:a. 经济全球化使得各国经济更容易受到全球各地不利事件的伤害。Economic globalization is making the various economies more vulnerable to the adverse events across the globe.b. 安全对任何一个跨国企业而言都极为重要,因为没有安全,跨国企业组织的生存便无法保证。Security is extremely important to any MNE because without it, an MNE’s survival can never be assured.Lesson 5-6 International Trade (1) (2)商务术语: services(劳务), primary commodities(初级产品), absolute advantage(绝对利益), comparative advantage(比较利益), quota(配额), customs union(关税同盟), ad valorem duty(从价税), specific duties(从量税), drawback(退税), MFN(最惠国待遇), non-tariff barrier(非关税壁垒).紫色书: 90页 110页考点:1. 国际贸易的定义(definition):It refers to the exchange of goods and services produced in one country with those produced in another2. 国际贸易的两个缘由( Two reasons for international trade)a. the uneven distribution of natural resources among countriesb. international specialization(国际专业化)3. 国际专门化的两个理论(Two theories for international specialization)a. The theory of absolute advantage(绝对利益理论):a commodity will be produced in the country where it costs least in terms of resources (capital, land, and labour)b. The theory of comparative advantage(相对对利益理论):Even if a country is less efficient than another in the production of producing both commodities, there is still a basis for mutually beneficial trade.4. 关税壁垒和非关税壁垒( tariff barriers and non-tariff barriers)a. tariff barriers: export duty(进口税), import duty(出口税), ----specific duties 从量税 ad valorem duty. 从价税 Compound duty 混合税b. non-tariff barriers: quotas----the most common form of non-tariff barriers5. 翻译练习a. 比较优势理论已成为现代国际贸易思想的基石Comparative advantage has become the cornerstone of modern thinking on international tradeb.关税壁垒是限制贸易最常见的形式 Tariff barriers are the most common forms of trade restriction.Lesson 7 Incoterms 2000商务术语:EDI (电子数据交换),customers clearance (结关),dispatch (发运),ICC(国际商会)Roll-on-roll-off(滚装滚卸), incoterms (国际贸易通则),FOB(起运港船上交货价), CFR (成本加运费价),CIF (成本加运费加保险费价) 紫色书132-133页考点:1.《国际贸易术语解释通则》的必要性和目的 The necessity and purpose of having IncotermsThe purpose of INCOTERMS is to provide a set of international rules for the most commonly used trade terms in foreign trade and avoid uncertainties of different interpretations of such terms in different countries.3. 三个最常用术语 (The three most commonly used terms)FOB: Free on Board 装运港船上交货CFR: Cost and Freight 成本加运费CIR: Cost, Insurance and Freight 成本,保险费,加运费翻译练习:a. 折扣是指卖方按照商品的原价给买方以一定比率的价格减让Discount means that sellers offer to buyers a certain percentage of reduction on the original price.b. 买卖双方在制定合同时,如果有理解一致的具体规则可供参照,他们就肯定能简单可靠地确定各自的责任If, when drawing up their contract, buyer and seller have some commonly understood rules to specifically refer to, they can be sure of defining their respective responsibilities simply and safely.Lesson 8 Business Contract商务术语:Inquiry(询盘,询价), quotation(报价单), validity period(有效期), offer(发盘), counter-offer(还盘), offeree(收盘人), sales confirmation(销售确认书), Consignment(寄售), fore majeure(不可抗力), business line(业务范围), contract proper(合同正文), article number(货号).紫书150-151页考点:1.合同的定义(definition)A contract is an agreement which sets forth binding obligations of the relevant parties2.谈判过程及签定合同(the process of negotiation and the conclusion of the contract)inquiry--quotation---> offer and acceptance-counter-offer3.合同的种类(The types of contracts)a. sales contractb.purchase contractc.sales confirmation4. 合同的构成(the setting up of a contract)a. the title (合同名称)b. the contract proper(合同正文)c. The signature of the contracting parties(缔约双方签字)d. The stipulations on the back of the contract(合同背面的规定)翻译练习:a. 在实盘情况下,我们通常保留有效期三天 In case of firm offers, we usually keep our offers open for three daysLesson 9 Modes of Trade商务术语:Counter trade(对销贸易), hyperinflation(极度通货膨胀), Reichstock(德国国家银行),protectionism(贸易保护主义),Clearing system(票据交换制度), net positions(净头寸), compensation trade(补偿贸易), barter(易货贸易), counter purchase(互购贸易)Buyback(回购贸易), centrally planned economies(中央计划经济国家), processing trade(加工贸易), consignment(寄售贸易), leasing trade(租赁贸易),aution(竞卖/拍卖), agency(代理) 174-175页考点:1.对销贸易的主要优点(major advantages of counter trade)a. helping to deal with foreign exchange shortagesb. promoting exportsc, reducing uncertainty regarding export receiptsd.bypassing international price agreemente. helping countries with debt problems to import goods3. 对销贸易的缺点(the drawbacks of counter trade)a. very risky business (conceal the real prices and costs of transactions)b. Companies may suffer losses because they could not get rid of products of poor qualityc. a form of proctectionism翻译练习a. “互相捆绑”是易货贸易,回购贸易和互惠贸易的共同特征“Bundling” is the feature common to barter, counter purchase and buyback.b. 作为一种捆绑贸易,对销贸易一般是在成熟市场经济国家和市场机制不完善的国家间发生的贸易As a type of bundled trade, counter trade generally takes place between mature market economies and economies with imperfect market institution..Lesson10 International Payment商务词汇: debtor(债务人), debit(收方/借方), financial standing(财务状况), credit worthiness(信誉), periodic payment(分期付款), cash in advance(预付现金),usance draft(远期汇票), documentary draft(跟单汇票), clean draft(光票), documentary collection(跟单托收), D/P(付款交单), D/A(承兑交单).194-195页考点:1. 国际贸易支付的复杂性(the complexity of payment in international trade):Mutual trust is hard to build. Both the exporter and the importer face various political risks, commercial risks etc.2. 在一定条件下的两种支付方法:a. cash in advance or partial cash in advance (预付现金和部分预付现金) b.open account(记账交易) 3. 汇票(the draft/ bill of exchange)a. definition: an unconditional order to a bank or a customer to pay a sum of money to someone on demand or at a fixed time in the futureb. sign draft and usance draft (即期汇票和远期汇票)c. clean draft (光票:汇票不附单据) and documentary draft (跟单汇票:随同汇票一起的有相关的单据,如提单,发票,保险单)4. 跟单拖收 (documentary collection)a. D/P: 付款交单: documents will not be released to the importer until payment is effectedb. D/A: 承兑交单: documents handed over to the importer upon his acceptance of the bill of exchange drawn by the exporter翻译练习:a. 许多国际交易是通过汇票支付的,汇票是对银行或顾客的支付命令A lot of international transactions are paid for by means of the draft that is an order to a bank or a customer to payb. 即期汇票要求受票人见到汇票后立即付款A sight draft calls for immediate payment on presentation to the drawee.Lesson11-12 Credit (1),(2)商务术语:Applicant (申请人), opening bank(开证行), corresponding bank(关系行), advising bank(通知行), confirming bank(保兑行). Reimburse(付款), unit price(单价), partial shipment(分批装运). Clean credit(光票信用证), revocable credit(可撤消信用证), irrevocable credit(不可撤消信用证). Maturity(到期日,偿还日), capital turnover(资金周转率), face value(面值), discount(贴现), deferred payment(延期付款), revolving credit(循环信用证). 紫色书220页 345页考点:1.信用证独特的具有代表性的特征 The bilateral security—双边保证2.信用证的相关当事人及其在信用证业务中的作用---联系淘宝的例子 A. the applicant (开证) B. the opening bank(开证行) C. the advising bank(通知行) D. the negotiating bank(议付行) E. the confirming bank(保兑行)4. 信用证的局限性(limitation)a. inability to provide absolute securityb. being more expensive than other forms of payment翻译练习1. 信用证的目的是通过银行信誉为国际支付提供便利The objective of an L/C is to facilitate international payment by means of the creditworthness of the bank.2. 信用证极大地方便并促进了国际贸易,然而它并不能给缔约双方提供绝对安全The letter of credit has greatly facilitated and promoted international trade. However, it can not provide absolute security for the contracting parties.Lesson13 Major Documents Required in World Trade商务术语:Documents(单据), take delivery of (提货), bill of lading(提单). Consignee(收获人), air bill(空运提单), cargo receipt(铁路运单), commercial invoice(商业发票), certificate of quality(品质证书). Insurance policy(保险单) 紫色书上269页考点:1,主要单据 (major types of documents)a. commercial invoice 商业发票b. packing list 装相单c. the bill of lading 提单d.insurance policy and insurance certificate 保险单和保险证书e.various certificate 其它各种证书翻译练习:1. 提单的签发日期绝不能晚于信用证所规定的时间The date when the bill of lading is issued can by no means be later than that stipulated in the credit2. 货物一装上船,请即电告收发人You are requested to notify the consignee by cable as soon as the goods are shipped.Lesson14 International Transportation商务术语:Finished products (制成品), deregulation(撤消管制规定), productivity(生产率), cost economies(成本节约), intermediate products(中间产品), natural product provinces(产品自然领域), Inventory(存货,库存), freight transportation(货物运输) 紫色书292页考点:1.五种主要运输方式 The five major modes of transportation Water ,rail, truck, pipeline, and air2.改变运输业的四大因素 The four factors that are substantially changing transportationa. transportation deregulationb. just-in-time inventory systemsc. competition based on high level of customer serviced. globalization of business翻译练习:a.在当前市场竞争十分激烈的情况下,出口商必须加快货运,以快取胜At a time when competition is fierce, exporters can beat their competitors by speeding up shipment.b.运输对工业社会的发展和运行起着至关重要的作用Transportation is fundamental to the development and operation of an industrial society.Lesson15-16 Insurance (1), (2)商务术语:Insured(保户), Insurer(承保人), margin(保险金), underwriter(保险商), pool(共同款项), cargo insurance(运输保险), marine insurance(海上保险), indemnity(赔偿), ruin(损失), insurable interests(可保险权), principle of utmost faith(最大诚信原则), forwarding charge(远期费用) 紫色书 307,322页考点:1.保险的定义(definition)’It can be defined as a social device in which a group of individuals transfer risk and provides for payment of losses from funds contributed by all members who transferred risk 2.保险的三个主要原则(Three main principles of insurance)a. insurable interestb. utmost good faithc. indemnity两个辅助原则(two sub-principle of insurance)a. contributionb. suborgation翻译练习:a. 货物保险通常有火险, 海上保险和意外事故保险 Cargo insurance includes fire, marine and accident insurance.b. 没有可保利益的保险合同是无效的。而任何根据这类合同提出的所赔都不会受理An insurance contract without an insurable interest to support it is invalid and any claim made upon it will not be entertainedLesson 17 The International Monetary System and Exchange Rate商务术语:Change of rate(汇率),gold standard(金本位),reserve currency(储备货币), clean float(自由浮动),dirty float(有干预浮动),discount(贴现),medial rate(中间价)考点:1汇率(exchange rate)A. fixed exchange rateB. flexible exchange rateC. major factors influencing exchange rate: a international balance of payment b.inflation c.interest rateD. Common measures for intervention in exchange rate a. buying or selling foreign currency b. raising or lowering discount rate c. foreign exchange control翻译练习: 尽管国际收支账面平衡,但在有错误与遗漏项目时,差额是非常庞大的,每一项都会有盈余或赤字,如果在3年或5年期间盈余抵消了亏损.则仍然认为国际收支是平衡的。While the balance of payment is always in accounting balance,the odds are astronomical that it would be so without the statistical discrepancy item. There would be a surplus or a deficit in almost every case, but the balance of payment would nevertheless be considered in equilibrium if over three-to-five year period the surpluses more or less canceled out the deficits.从18-20课,商务术语请参照紫色书上每课后面的商务词汇复习,记一些常见的Lesson 18 International Financial Organization重点: 1.The world bank group(世界银行集团)a.组成: IBRD, IDA, IFC, IMF.MIGAb.目标: to help raise standards of living in developing countries by channeling financial resources to them from developed countries2.IBRD(国际复兴开发银行)a. source of capital: member countriesb.financing of its lending operation: from the world capital marketsc.target countries: developing countries at more advanced leveld,basic rules governing its operation: for productive purpose/ repayment3. IDA(国家开发协会): targets: the poorer developing countries, basic rules governing its operation: no interests4. IFC(国际金融公司):Function: to assist the economic development of less-developed countries5. MIGA(多边投资担保机构):Mandate:to encourage equity investment and other direct investment flows to developing countries6.IMF(国际货币基金组织)a.the importance of the quotab.function:providing temporary financing for countries suffering cyclical,seasoned or random shocks that would weaken its currency.翻译练习:不同于世界银行,国际开发协会无法从竞争的资本市场上筹集资金,取而代之的是它靠发达国家和一些欠发达国家捐赠的资金。Unlike the world bank, the IDA cannot raise capital in competitive capital markets and depends instead on subscription donated by the developed countries and some undeveloped countries.Lesson19-22(刚上课不久, 简概)1.对外直接投资的主要因素 major factors for undertaking FDI 紫书3792.对外直接投资的形式 forms of FDI 紫书3823. 政券交易所的作用 the role of stock exchange 紫书401国内普通股市包括的三个市场 Three areas for the Domestic Equity Market紫书402-4034. WTO与 GATT 的区别 紫书4225, WTO与China( achievements and challenges) 紫书424-4266贸发会的目标 objectives of UNCTAD 紫书4537贸发会的组织 organization of UNCTAD紫书454祝发家考试成功!

自考本科商务英语专业科目已公布如下,查看以下科目相关内容.商务英语(本科段) 专业代码:B050218类型序号 课程代号 课程名称 学分 类型 考试方式001 03708 中国近现代史纲要 2 必考 笔试002 03709 马克思主义基本原理概论 4 必考 笔试003 00840 第二外语(日语) 6 必考 笔试004 00600 高级英语 12 必考 笔试005 00602 口译与听力 6 必考 实践考核006 05355 商务英语翻译 4 必考 笔试007 00603 英语写作 4 必考 笔试008 00096 外刊经贸知识选读 6 必考 笔试009 00090 国际贸易实务(一) 6 必考 笔试010 00094 外贸函电 4 必考 笔试011 05844 国际商务英语 6 必考 笔试012 06999 毕业论文 不计学分 必考 实践考核201 05439 商务英语阅读 4 加考 笔试202 05440 商务英语写作 4 加考 笔试203 01314 商务英语口语 10 加考 实践考核204 01315 商务英语听力 10 加考 实践考核毕业要求:不少于12门且不低于60学分课程设置:必考课12门60学分;选考课0门0学分;加考课4门28学分。说明: 1、本专业仅接受国家承认学历的专科(或以上)毕业生申请毕业。2、商务英语专业专科毕业生可直接报考本专业,其他专业专科(或以上)毕业生报考本专业须加考201至204四门课程,已取得相同名称课程考试成绩合格者,可申请免考.

国际商务英语短语词组

“商务英语”是商务和英语的结合,英语的语言水平是基本的要求。为了帮助大家,我整理了商务英语短语词组,希望能帮到大家!

商务英语词汇【1】

1. a change of pace 节奏变换

You can’t do these chemistry experiments all day long. You certainly need a change of pace.

2. a far cry from 相距甚远

The published book is far cry from the early manuscript.

3. and how 的确

A: She’s a good dancer.

B: and how.

4. a matter of time 时间问题

It is only a matter of time.

5. a phone call away 一个电话之远,愿意过来帮忙

If you need my help. do let me know. Just remember I am a phone call away.

6. a while back 不久以前

We had a good rain a while back,but we need more now.

7. all along 一直

I knew it all along.

8. anything but 绝对不

I was anything but happy about going.

9. account for 解释

How do you account for it?

10. after all 到底

A: I’ve just seen the X-rays and your teeth look just fine.

B: I see. Then there is nothing to worry about after all.

商务英语词汇【2】

1. allergic to 对……过敏

Oh man! Something in this room is making my eyes itch, I must be allergic to something.

2. at sb’s service 愿为某人服务

I am at your service at any time.

3. around the clock 24小时不停

Martha studied around the clock for management exam.

4. as far as I know 就我所知

As far as I know, we will have a test next Monday.

5. at home with 对…..很熟悉

She is at home with problems like this.

6. back out

1) 退出

A: Wasn’t Bert supposed to sing tonight?

B: Yes. but he backed out at last minute

2) 不履行

She finally backed out of her promise.

7. be cut out for 天生适合

I’m not cut out to be a hero.

8. be absorbed in 沉浸在……

She has been absorbed in a horror fiction. I can’t tear her away.

9. be addicted to 对……上瘾

She has been addicted to drugs for years.

10. be attached to 对……有感情

A: I’m amazed that you are still driving that old car of yours. I thought you would have gotten rid of it years ago.

B: It runs well and I’ve actually been quite attached to it.

商务英语词汇【3】

1. back up

1) 累积

The subway is running behind schedule. and traffic is backed up for blocks. I don’t know if we’ll make the 6:30 show.

2) 支持

I’ll back it up.

2. be bound for 到……地方

The bus is bound for New England.

3. be (feel) myself 找到自我

I’m feeling myself again.

4. be burned up 生气

She was really burned up at the news.

5. be hard up for 缺少

I’m hard up for clothes, but I have a lot of books.

6. be head and shoulders above 好许多

In calculus. Joe is head and shoulders above his classmates.

7. be in the dark 蒙在鼓里

A: Do you have any idea what his notice is about?

B: I’m as in the dark as you are.

8. be stuck 卡住了

I can’t get this window open. It’s stuck.

9. bite off more than one can chew 贪多嚼不烂

A: I hear you’re taking an advanced physics course this semester.

B: I think I’ve bitten off more than I can chew.

10. break new ground 有了新的突破

His architectural design broke new ground in the field.

商务英语词汇【4】

1. benefit concert 慈善音乐会

We need to let everyone know about the benefit concert, but we don’t have much money for advertising.

2. busy signal 占线

I’ve been calling David for the past half hour, but I keep getting a busy signal.

3.between you and me 你我之间,保密

Between you and me, I think he’s rather disloyal.

4. call for

A.打电话找

Tom just called for you.

B.预报

The forecast calls for heavy rain again tonight. Aren’t you glad we’ll be getting away from this for a week?

C.问

It’s probably in the new part of town. We’ll have to call for directions.

5. call it a day 就此结束

A: I’m really glad our club decides to raise money for the children’s hospital and most of the people we’ve phoned seemed happy to contribute.

B: Yeah. I agree. Now we’ve gone through all the numbers on our list now, so I guess we can call it a day.

6. cash the check 兑现支票

Have your sister cashed her paycheck?

7. clear off 收拾,整理

It’s about time we clear off the desk.

8. come down (雨,雪)下起来

The heavy rain is coming down. now.

9. come in first 比赛第一名

He came in first in the 100-metre dash.

商务英语词汇【5】

1. get on one’s nerve 招惹某人神经了

A: Why did you come to the meeting late? I left a message with your roommate about the time change.

B: She has a very short memory and it really gets on my nerve sometimes.

2. get started on 开始做

We should get started on the project.

3. get time off from work 从工作中抽时间

Oh. so she was able to get time off from the work.

4. give credibility to 相信

A: did you hear about Jim?

B: I wouldn’t give that rumor any credibility.

5. go easy on 温和对待

Well. since it’s your first and only ticket. the judge will probably go easy on you.

6. go in one ear and out the other 一耳朵进,一耳朵出

Well. you know Mike. everything’s in one ear and out the other.

7. go jogging 去跑步

Are you ready to go jogging?

8. go to one’s head 某人自负

A: Have you noticed how John’s changed since he became student government president?

B: I think the whole thing has gone to his head. and he used to be so sociable and open.

9. got the time 几点了

A: Got the time?

B: It’s a little after ten.

商务英语词汇【6】

1. graduation announcements 毕业典礼请柬

Have you ordered your graduation announcements?

2. graon about 抱怨

How come Michael’s always groaning about something?

3. guest lecturer 客座教授

The only person who understood the guest lecturer was the professor.

4. hand-me-down 送的东西

A: What a gorgeous jacket. It must have cost a fortune.

B: Not at all. It’s a hand-me-down.

5. hand down 易如反掌

Lee won the chess match hands down.

6. have a way with 擅长

Bonnie really has a way with words.

7. have had it with 处于

I’ve had it with being sick in bed. I’ve read most of these magazines twice.

8. head and shoulders above 高出许多

In computer programming. Susan is head and shoulders above the rest of us.

9. hit the spots 特别好

This lemonade sure hits the spots.

10. hold the grudge 记仇

A: I wish I hadn’t hurt Mary’s feelings like that. You know I never meant to.

B: The great thing about Mary is that she doesn’t hold the grudge.

商务英语词汇【7】

1. I have seen worse 我见过更糟的'

I have never seen a worse case of mouth disease.

2. in advance 提前

It’s a really nice apartment. But the owners want two-month rent in advance and I just don ’t have it.

3. in case 万一

Let’s take our suits along in case the sun comes out.

4. in next to no time 马上

A: Are you going to be using the copying machine long?

B: I’ll be through in next to no time.

5. in the red 赤字

Jack often runs his father’s company in the red.

6. in the works 正在准备阶段

An advanced course in theoretical chemistry is the works.

7. keep to oneself 只有自己知道

But one tried to put a good face on it and keep them to oneself.

8. kill time 浪费时间

Gosh. what can we do to kill the next 10 hours?

9. leave…up to somebody 把……留给某人

We’ll have to leave the decision up to him.

商务英语词汇【8】

1. letter of recommendation 推荐信

I think I deserve a letter of recommendation.

2. look on the bright sides of things 看事物的光明面

Don’t be worried, you should always look on the bright side of things.

3. no kidding 不是开玩笑吧

No kidding! He was only getting at you.

4. on the tip of one’s tongue 就在舌尖

A: Are you sure you can’t remember the name of that record?

B: It’s just on the tip of my tongue!

5. quitting time 下课时间

I’m glad it’s almost quitting time.

6. take it over 重修

Don failed physics and had to take it over.

7. than necessary 比应该的要冷

The lab was cooler than necessary.

8. That’s easer said than done. 说来容易做来难

We talk about reducing our costs, but it’s easier said than done.

9. There is nothing to it. 没什么,很容易

I can run this projector. There’s really nothing to it.

10. with flying colors 成功

A: How did Ellen do on her American History exam?

B: She passed with flying colors.

11. You can bet your life 当然

A: Will Prof. Smith come to class on time?

B: You can bet your life.

自考国际商务英语重点归纳句型

1.Please accept our thanks for the trouble you have taken. 有劳贵方,不胜感激。 2.We are obliged to thank you for your kind attention in this matter. 不胜感激贵方对此事的关照。 3.We tender you our sincere thanks for your generous treatment of us in this affair. 对贵方在此事中的慷慨之举,深表感谢。 4.Allow us to thank you for the kindness extended to us. 对贵方之盛情,不胜感谢。 5.We thank you for the special care you have given to the matter. 贵方对此悉心关照,不胜感激。 6.We should be grateful for your trial order. 如承试订货,不胜感激。 7.We should be grateful for your furnishing us details of your requirements. 如承赐示具体要求,不胜感激。 8.It will be greatly appreciated if you will kindly send us your samples. 如承惠寄样品,则不胜感激。 9.We shall appreciate it very much if you will give our bid your favorable consideration. 如承优惠考虑报价,不胜感激。 10.We are greatly obliged for your bulk order just received. 收到贵方大宗订货,不胜感激。 11.We assure you of our best services at all times. 我方保证向贵方随时提供服务。 12.If there is anything we can do to help you, we shall be more than pleased to do so. 贵公司若有所需求,我公司定尽力效劳。 13.It would give us a great pleasure to render you a similar service should an opportunity occur. 我方如有机会同样效劳贵方,将不胜欣慰。 14.We spare no efforts in endeavoring to be of service to you. 我方将不遗余力为贵方效劳。 15.We shall be very glad to handle for you at very low commission charges. 我方将很愉快与贵方合作,收费低廉。 16.We have always been able to supply these firms with their monthly requirements without interruption. 我方始终能供应这些公司每月所需的数量,从无间断。 17.We take this opportunity to re-emphasize that we shall, at all times, do everything possible to give you whatever information you desire. 我们借此机会再此强调,定会尽力随时提供贵方所需的信息。 18.We are always in a position to quote you the most advantageous prices for higher quality merchandise. 我们始终能向贵方提供品质的产品,报价最为优惠。 19.This places our dealers in a highly competitive position and also enable them to enjoy a maximum profit. 这样可以使我方经营者具有很强的竞争力,还可获得的利润。 20.We solicit a continuance of your confidence and support. 恳请贵方继续给予信任,大力支持。

1. This view is now being questioned by more and more people. 这一观点正受到越来越多人的质疑。 2. Although many people claim that, along with the rapidly economic development, the number of people who use bicycle are decreasing and bicycle is bound to die out. The information I’ve collected over the recent years leads me to believe that bicycle will continue to play extremely important roles in modern society. 尽管许多人认为随着经济的高速发展,用自行车的人数会减少,自行车可能会消亡, 然而,这几年我收集的一些信息让我相信自行车仍然会继续在现代社会发挥极其重要的作用。 3. Environmental experts point out that increasing pollution not only causes serious problems such as global warming but also could threaten to end human life on our planet. 环境学家指出:持续增加的污染不仅会导致像全球变暖这样严重的问题,而且还将威胁到人类在这个星球的生存。 4. In view of such serious situation, environmental tools of transportation like bicycle are more important than any time before. 考虑到这些严重的状况,我们比以往任何时候更需要像自行车这样的环保型交通工具。 5. Using bicycle contributes greatly to people’s physical fitness as well as easing traffic jams. 使用自行车有助于人们的身体健康,并极大地缓解了交通阻塞。 6. Despite many obvious advantages of bicycle, it is not without its problem. 尽管自行车有许多明显的优点,但是它也存在它的问题。 7. Bicycle can’t be compared with other means of transportation like car and train for speed and comfort. 在速度和舒适度方面,自行车是无法和汽车、火车这样的交通工具相比的。 8. From what has been discussed above, we may safely draw the conclusion that advantages of bicycle far outweigh its disadvantages and it will still play essential roles in modern society. 通过以上讨论,我们可以得出结论:自行车的优点远大于缺点,并且在现代社会它仍将发挥重要作用。 9. There is a general discussion these days over education in many colleges and institutes. One of the questions under debate is whether education is a lifetime study. 当前在高校和研究机构对教育存在着大量争论,其中一个问题就是教育是否是个终身学习的过程。 10. This issue has caused wide public concern. 这个问题已经引起了广泛关注。

商务英语电子邮件范文及经典句型

商务英语电子邮件以其方便快捷,在现代商务活动中起着重要作用.下面是我整理的一些商务英语邮件范文和经典例句。

Hi all,

I’m looking to set up a database of our competitors prices to help us get a more complete picture of our markets and how we compare to the competition. I would really like to get your help with this!

If you have (or when you receive) any pricing information on our competitors products that you think could be useful, it would be great if you could fill out the short excel form attached to thise mail. When the form is completed and closed it is automatically emailed back to me to add the details into the database. Instructions are provided on the first sheet of the spreadsheet to make it as quick and straight forward aspossible.

If you have a PDF copy of a relevant quotation, pleasefeel free to send this to me as well. Thank you.

Any questions please let me know.

Thanks in advance and I hope to hear from you soon,

XXXX

1. I am writing to confirm /enquire/inform you...

我写信时要确认/询问/通知你。。。

2. I am writing to follow up on our earlier decision on the marketing campaign in Q2.

我写信来追踪我们之前对于第二季度营销活动的决定。

3. With reference to our telephone conversation today...

关于我们今天在电话中的谈话。。。

4. In my previous e-mail on October 5...

先前在10月5日所写的信。。。

5. As I mentioned earlier about...

如我先前所提及关于。。。

6. as indicated in my previous e-mail...

如我在先前的信中所提出。。。

7. As we discussed on the phone...

如我们上次在电话中的讨论。。。

8. from our decision at the previous meeting...

如我们在上次会议中的决定。。。

9. as you requested/per your requirement...

按照你的要求。。。

10.In reply to your e-mail dated April 1,we decided...

回答你在4月1日写的信,我们决定。。。

11.This is in response to your e-mail today.

这是针对你今天早上来信的回复。

12. As mentioned before, we deem this product has strong unique selling points in china.

如先前所述,我们认为这个产品在中国有强有力且独一无二的销售点。

13. As a follow-up to our phone conversation yesterday, I wanted to get back to you about the pending issues of our agreement.

追踪我们昨天在电话中所谈,我想答复你我们合约的一些待解决的议题。

14. I received your voice message regarding the subject. I’m wondering if you can elaborate i.e. provide more details.

我收到你关于这个主题的留言。我想你是否可以再详尽说明,也就是再提供多一点细节。

15. Please be advised/informed that...

请被告知。。。

16. Please note that...

请注意。。。

17. We would like to inform you that...

我们想要通知你。。。

18. I am convinced that...

我确信。。。

19. We agree with you on...

我们同意你在。。。

20. With effect from 4 Oct., 2008...

从2008年10月4日开始生效。。。

21. We will have a meeting scheduled as noted below...

我们将举行一个会议,时间表如下。

22. Be assured that individual statistics are not disclosed and this is for internal use only.

请确保个人信息不会外泄且只供内部使用。

23. I am delighted to tell you that...

我很高兴地告诉你。。。

24. We are pleased to learn that...

我们很高兴得知。。。

25. We wish to notify you that...

我们希望通知你。。。

26. Congratulation on your...

恭喜您关于。。。

27. I am fine with the proposal.

我对这份提桉没意见。

28.I am pleased to inform you that you have been accepted to join the workshop scheduled for 22-24 Nov,2008.

我很高兴地告诉你,你已经被同意参加2008年11月22-24日的研讨会。

29. We are sorry to inform you that...

我们很抱歉地通知你。。。

30. I’m afraid I have some bad news.

我恐怕要带来一些坏消息。

31. There are a number of issues with our new system.

我们的新系统有些问题。

32. Due to circumstances beyond our control...

由于情况超出我们所能控制。。。

33. I don’t feel too optimistic about...

我觉得不太乐观关于。。。

34. It would be difficult for us to accept...

我们很难接受。。。

35. Unfortunately I have to say that, since receiving your enquiries on the subject, our view has not changed.

很不幸地,我必须这么说,自从收到你关于这个主题的询问,我们的看法都没有改变。

36. We would be grateful if you could...

我们会很感激如果你可以。。。

37. I could appreciate it if you could...

我会很感激如果你可以。。。

38. Would you please send us…?

可否请你寄给我们…?

39. We need your help.

我们需要你的帮助。

40. We seek your assistance to cascade/reply this message to your staff.

我们请求你的'帮助,将此信息传达给你们的员工。

41. We look forward to your clarification.

我们期待你的澄清。

42.Your prompt attention to this matter will be appreciated.

您能立即注意此事,我们将非常感激。

43. I would really appreciate meeting up if you can spare the time. Please let me know what suits you best.

如果您能抽出时间,我希望能与你见面,请让我知道您最适合的时间。

44.Please give us your preliminary thoughts about this.

请让我知道你对于这件事情初步的想法。

45. Would you please reply to this e-mail if you plan to attend?

请您回信如果您计划参加?

46.Please advise if you agree with this approach.

请告知是否你同意这个方法。

47. Could you please let me know the status of this project?

请让我知道这个计划的进度?

48. If possible, I hope to receive a copy of your proposal when it is finished.

如果可能,当你完成提桉,我希望能收到一份复本。

49. I would appreciate it very much if you would send me your reply by next Monday.

如果能在下周一前收到您的答复,我将非常感激。

50. Hope this is OK with you. If not, let me know by e-mail ASAP.

自考国际商务英语重点归纳

简单的讲就是:与商务有关的英语 + 基本的商务知识。现在的实际是:与产品出口有关的英语 + 基本的商务知识。一、从课程方面来看主要的课程:英语函电、国际商务英语、国际贸易实务、经贸资刊等。二、实际学习的重点内容:(1)与出口业务有关的过程,包括:询盘,还盘,磋商和签定合同(英文),制作:装箱单,发票,理解:保险单,提单等。(2)常见的国际贸易形式,如:代理,投标,拍卖和电子商务等。(3)熟悉出口业务中,常见的词汇。如:B/L,L/C,Inquiry。(4)能用英文交流,明白其中所涉及的英文含义,其中包括,邮件、电话、面对面等多种方式。推荐学习enging电话英语,上述内容都会轻松掌握。简而言之,通过学习商务英语,能熟练运用英语进行与出口业务有关的工作。

商务英语需要学基础英语、高级英语、英语听力、英语口语、英语写作、翻译理论与实践、英美文学史及选读、西方经济学、国际贸易、国际商务、市场营销等课程。关于学习商务英语有下列几点建议可以借鉴: 1、必须要集中精力学习,研究表明,不同类别的信息记忆会彼此干扰,造成遗忘。所以不要今天学一个生活口语主题,明天学一个商务英语主题。选择一本好的商务英语教材即可,内容不要太杂。如果是为了在工作中开口用的话,就专注于口语。至于阅读、和写作可以分时间集中训练。2、不要填鸭式集中学习,研究指出,多次小段时间学习一份资料,能给予大脑充分的时间处理信息。当然,这个小段时间不能太短,如10分钟,15分钟,时间太短很难马上集中精力。3、给自己制定模块化商务英语学习,商务英语有多个方面,比如面试英语、办公室日常用语、演示英语以及谈判/会议英语等等,制定相应化的商务英语学习。想要了解更多关于商务英语学习的相关信息,推荐咨询美联英语。美联英语创立于2006年,直营培训中心近100家,覆盖15个省份24个城市,累积毕业学员20余万,有专业服务(便捷约课查询系统,SA跟进指导,学习报告分析,时尚国际化的学习环境)和专业教师=国际认证+定期专业评估+专业培训体系+“第二语言教学之父”倾囊指导。【免费领取英语试听课】

拿大学商务英语这门课程来说,主要是针对一些商务上的交流,如一些商务交谈用语,商务上的专业名词等。除了一些专业的英语课,比如精读,泛读,听力,口语以外还有一些关于商务上的东西,比如国际贸易,经济法和合同法等。商务英语课程主要学习基础英语、高级英语、英语听力、英语口语、英语写作、翻译理论与实践、英美文学史及选读、西方经济学、国际贸易、国际商务、市场营销等。基本上所有跟商务活动有关系的工作都有相对应的科目来学习。

商务英语主要学:国际商法、国际贸易实务、国际市场营销、国际商务英语、外贸函电、国际金融、国际支付与结算、国际商务谈判、国际贸易单证、商业心理学、电子商务、口译、实用文体翻译国际贸易实务,外贸函电,商务英语,剑桥国际商务英语,口译,国际营销,商务写作,跨文化交际,管理学,广告学,法律,以及英语的一些基本基础像精读,泛读和听力等。

一、从课程方面主要学:英语函电、国际商务英语、国际贸易实务、经贸资刊。

二、实际学习的内容重点:(1)与出口业务有关的过程,包括:询盘,还盘,磋商和签定合同(英文),制作:装箱单,发票,理解:保险单,提单等。(2)常见的国际贸易形式,如:代理,投标,拍卖和电子商务等。(3)熟悉出口业务中,常见的词汇。如:B/L,L/C,Inquiry.(4)能用英文交流,明白其中所涉及的英文含义,其中包括,邮件、电话、面对面等多种方式。

自考商务英语翻译重点句子归纳

一、单词分译 单词分译是指把原文中的一个单词拆译成一个小句或者句子。采用单词分译主要有两个目的:一是为了句法上的需要。由于一些单词在搭配、词义等方面的特点,直译会使句子生硬晦涩,而把某个单词分译却能使句子通顺,且不损伤原意。二是为了修饰上的需要,如加强语气,突出重点等。英语中的名词、动词、形容词和副词等都可分译。

例:We recognize that China’s long-term modernization program understandably and necessarily emphasizes economic growth.我们认识到,中国的长期现代化计划以发展经济为重点,这是可以理解的,也是必要的。 二、短语分译 短语分译是指把原文中的一个短语分译成一个句子。名词短语、分词短语、介词短语等有时都可以分译成句。 例1:These cheerful little trams,dating back to 1 873,chug and sway up the towering hills with bells ringing and people hanging from every opening.这些令人欢快的小缆车建于1873年,嘎嚓嘎嚓摇摆爬上高耸的山峦。车上铃儿叮当作响,每个窗口都是人。(介词短语分泽) 例2:The military is forbidden to kill the vessel,a relatively easy task.军方被禁止击毁这艘潜艇,虽然要击毁它并不怎么费事。(名词短语分译) 三、转换译 转译是指商务英语翻译中语言的词性和表现形式的改变。由于英语和汉语的表达习惯和句子结构的不同,在翻译中往往难以做到词性和表现方法的一致。为了适应译文语言的表达习惯和语法规则,在商务英语翻译中必须运用词类和表现方法的转换技巧。 1. 词性的转换 如:Please let US know if our terms are acceptable.请告知是否接受我方条款。(形容词acceptable转类为动词) 2. 句型的转换 如:We have to make it sure that the remittance of commission made as such is not against local regulations.我们得确保这样汇付佣金不违反当地规定。 四、顺序译法 有些英语语句叙述的一连串动作按发生的时间先后安排,或按逻辑关系安排,与汉语的表达方式比较一致,可按原文顺序译出。 例:In international buying and selling of goods, there are a number of risks, which, if they occur, will involve traders in financial losses. 【分析】 按意群的关系,该句可以拆分为四部分:In international buying and selling of goods/there are a number of risks/if they occur/which will involve traders in financial losses.原文各句的逻辑关系,表达次序与汉语基本一致,因此可以按原文译出。参考译文:(在)国际贸易货物的买卖(中)存在着各种各样的风险,这些风险的发生将会给(有关的)商人们带来经济损失。 五、逆序译法 “逆序译法”又称“倒置译法”,主要指句子的前后倒置问题。有些英语语句的表达次序与汉语习惯不同,甚至语序完全相反,这是因为汉语在叙述动作时一般按照动作发生的先后顺序排列,而英语在叙述动作时,更多的是使用各种语法手段将动作的先后顺序打乱。这就要求我们必须从原文的后面泽起,逆着原文的顺序翻译。 例:Unless you are prepared to eat in silence you have to talk about something--something,that is,other than the business deal which you are continually chewing over in your mind. 【分析】 该句可以拆分为四部分:Unless you are prepared to eat in silence/you have to talk about something/_something,that is,other than the business deal/which you are continually chewing over in your mind.这句英语长句的叙述层次与汉语逻辑相反,所以宜用逆译法。参考译文:吃饭时你必须随便谈些与生意无关的事情,否则你只能埋头吃饭。你什么都可以谈,但就是不能谈你脑子里一直在反复琢磨的生意。 六、术语精确 商务翻译中有许多涉及经济、贸易、法律等方面的专业术语。要精确传达原文的信息,使读者准确理解原文,译者必须使用标准的,对等的专业术语,如果不全面了解这些术语,在翻译中会不够地道,甚至让人不知所云。例如: open policy预约保险单 flexible container软包装 bill of lading(B/L)提单 P.D. (physical distribution)实物配送 D.W.T(dead weight tonnage)载重 shipping documents装船单据 FOB(free on board)船上交货价 Force Majeure不可抗拒力 Consolidation拼箱,集运 general average共同海损 七、语气恰当 在商务活动中,礼貌原则是非常重要的。在商务交往及商务文本中,双方都尽量措辞严谨,语气温和。在商务活动中,中西方都有一些固定的表达方式可以使商务文本严肃可信。这种情况下,译者可以在准确传达原意的基础上,采取归化翻译手段使译文更易于接受。

商务英语翻译有什么有效可行的方法?想知道的小伙伴看过来,下面由我为你精心准备了“商务英语翻译方法总结归纳”仅供参考,持续关注本站将可以持续获取更多的资讯!

一、顺序翻译法

所谓顺译法就是按照原文的顺序组织译文。在商务英语中,当语句陈述的是一连串的动作并按发生的时间安排或逻辑关系排列时,此类语句与汉语的表达方式较一致"可按原文的顺序译出。

二、反译法

英汉两种语言结构存在很大差异。英语重心在前,汉语重心在后,汉语长句采用总结式。多把信息点放在后面,越往后越重要。如果一个句子既有叙事又有表态"汉语就把叙事部分放在前。表态部分放在后$英语则相反,常常把表态部分放在句首,译成汉语时则将其放在句末"从而形成反译,一些带有否定意义的词。

三、词义引申翻译法

词义引申翻译法,就是根据上下文的内在联系,通过句中词或词组乃至整句的字面意义由表及里,运用一些符合汉语习惯的表达法,选用确切的汉语词句,将原文内容的实质准确的表达出来。

从词义角度看,引申可分为抽象化引申和具体化引申。从句法层面来看,引申可分为逻辑引申、语用引申、修辞引申、概念范围的调整。将词义做抽象化引申是指对原文中某些字面意义明确具体的词,采用汉语中的含义抽象、概括的词语来表达。将此一具体化引申就是指,将代表抽象概念或者属性的词来表达一种具体事物的时候,用具体化的事物来表达,还其具体的本来面目,使读者一目了然。

逻辑引申就是在翻译的过程中,由于直译某个词、短语乃至整个句子会使译文不通顺以及不符合目的语的表达习惯,因而就要根据上下文的逻辑关系,对该词、短语或整个句子从其本意出发,由表及里,运用符合目的语习惯的表现法,选用确切的词句,将原文内容的实质准确的表达出来。

语义引申就是把原文中的弦外之音补益出来,就属于语用学引申的手法。语用学是非语义学的语用意义,一般都不通过词汇、语法手段表示,它是非规约性的、潜在的;受话人凭借交际能力来理解这种语用意义,换句话说,它是结合交际对方、交际目的和交际情景,从说话人词语中引申出来的意义。

除此之外还有修辞引申、概念等引申的翻译方法。

四、凝练翻译法

商务英语中部分语句的结构复杂,信息量大,单凭一种方法很难翻译到位。翻译这类语句时,要根据具体情况,理清修饰语和中心词的关系以及修饰语内部各个成分之间的关系。把各种方法合理地综合运用、灵活处理,既忠实地再现原文内容,又保证译文通顺,表达准确,句子流畅。从语言特点上看,英语为形合,而汉语则为神合。

五、词类转换翻译法

转换是指商务英语翻译中语言的词性和表现方法的改变。由于英语和汉语的表达习惯、句子结构和词的搭配关系都有差异,在翻译中往往难以做到词性和表现方法的一致。为了适应译文语言的表达习惯和语法规则,在商务英语翻译中需要运用词类和表现方法的转换翻译技巧。

商务英语中为了达到委婉表达的效果,往往多使用被动句,这与汉语的表达大不相同。因此,英语被动句在译成汉语时不存在现成的对应表达方式,而需要依据汉语的习惯用法,从丰富的句式和辅助词语中挑选一些适当的手段来表现出原文的被动含义。

一、直译和意译

所谓直译,是既忠于原文意思又保留原文形式的翻译;所谓意译,是不受原文词语的限制,不拘泥于原文句子的结构,用不同于原文的表达方式,把原文意思表达出来。在考研英语翻译中,由于题材基本上是关于自然科学和社会科学的文章,所以我们遵循的方法是:能直译就直译,既能直译又能意译的以直译为主,不能直译的采用意译,一般情况下直译与意译相结合。

二、 增译

作为翻译的一个普遍原则,译者不应该对原文的内容随意增减。不过,由于英汉两种语言文字之间存在着巨大差异,在实际翻译中,为了忠于原文,不能减损意思的表达。例如1994年真题中有这样一个词组“great man of genius”,许多考生翻译成了“天才”或者“伟人”,只取其一,都被酌情扣分,译文应是“天才(的)伟人”,这样才算忠于原文。又如2001年真题中出现的“doll”,不能翻译成“玩具”,而必须翻译成“玩具娃娃”才能得分。所以,在考研翻译中,不妨奉行“只加不减原则”,当然也不要加得太多,把一句简单的“I can't sleep”翻译成“长夜漫漫,无心睡眠”就万万不可。但是,如果在文中遇到了省略句,那就必须“只加不减”。例如1998年真题出现的这个句子:“It's the farthest that the scientists can see into the past.”就必须翻译成:“这是科学家看到的最远的过去(的景象)。”又如这句:“We don't retreat, we never have and never will.”就翻译成:“我们不后退,我们从没有后退过,将来也决不会后退。”所以,为了在保证信息覆盖率的基础上,使译文通顺流畅,符合汉语的表达习惯,一般都采用“只加不减”原则。

三、 转译

在翻译过程中,由于汉语和英语两种语言在语法和表达习惯上的差异,有时必须改变原文某些词语的词性或句子成分才能有效地传达原文的准确意思。这就涉及到转译法。转译法分为两种:词性的转换和句子成分的转换。

四、 商务英语翻译需要注意事项

作为英语的一个功能性变体,商务英语在语言方面有其显著特色,主要表现为几个方面:

商务英语的语言形式、词汇以及内容等方面与专业密切相关。

1. 商务英语的用词明白易懂、正式规范、简短达意、语言平实。

2. 商务英语句子结果通常较为复杂,句式规范,文体正式。

3. 商务英语在陈述事物时往往具体、明确,绝不能含糊其辞、不着边际,应力戒笼统、抽象。

一、转换句子

1. 语音方面,把主动语态变成被动语态,或者把被动语态变成主动语态。

2. 词性方面,用介词、形容词、副词、名词等代替原动词,用动词、形容词、代词代替名词,用短语、副词代替形容词。

3.造句方面,用谓语、定语、状语、宾语代替主语,用谓语、主语、定语改变谓语,或用主语、状语改变定语。

4.句型方面,可以将简单句与复杂句互换,复合句与复合句互换,或将定语从句转换成状语从句。

二、拆分

我们可以采取完全相反的策略:把一个长而难的句子分解成简短的句子,并运用适当的补充词。最后,要注意根据中国人的习惯来调整语序,不仅要能听懂而且避免出现一些语法问题。

三、合并

组合翻译法是将几个短句或简单句组合在一起,形成一个复合句,这种复合句在汉英翻译中经常出现,如最后翻译成定语从句、状语从句、宾语从句等。这是因为汉语句子喜欢所谓的“形散而神不散”,即句子结构松散,但意义紧密相连,所以为了表达出这种效果,汉语一般用简单句来写。另一方面,英语更加正式和结构化,所以它倾向于使用复杂句和长句。因此,在汉译英时注意介词、连词和分词的使用。

四、 省略

这与原来的翻译方法是相反的,这种翻译方法要求删除不符合汉语或英语的表达方式、思维习惯或语言习惯的部分,这样翻译出来的句子才不会显得笨重。

五、表述简单清楚

商务英语是商务活动的工具,通过阅读文献可以发现:商务英语常用简洁、易懂、规范 、正式的词。

这一特点是由国际商务交际的性质决定的,因为国际商务交际非常讲究效益、 效率,使用常用的词语便于交易双方的理解和接受;修饰语少,内容上直截了当。

偏僻的词汇可能会增加双方沟通障碍,因而不受欢迎。

商务英语的词汇选择讲究精炼、严谨,很少使用口语化的、非正式的、生僻、不规范的词或行话。

了解口语词语和书卷词语在文体风格上的差异有助于实现语言交际的合适性和得体性。

六、模糊性的句法,善用祈使句

商务英语要求准确完整、清楚简洁,但模糊语言的适当使用,能起到积极地效果。

语言的模糊性不仅仅体现在词义层面,还应是具体商务活动中句法所表达意义的模糊性。

采用模糊性句法并不代表缺乏语言能力,相反,它是语言交流的一个必不可少部分。

商务英语翻译必看技巧

现如今,整个世界融为了一个整体,各个国家之间的贸易往来逐渐丰富,目前在国际间最通用的就是英语。商务英语要求翻译者更加的精确、对等,因为商务英语中会涉及到很多文件、条款等信息,所以必须要精确。只有这样才能达到双方活动的顺利进行。尤其在我国,中西方文化差异较大,更应该注意这方面的问题。一字之差就容易铸成大错。所以,做好商务英语的翻译工作尤为重要。

一、商务英语的文体特征

1.思维具有逻辑性,朴实无华

正式体英语的从句层次复杂,句子长度通常高于非正式英语。

长句分词、独立主格结构 的频繁使用是书面语体的典型特征,它们适合于表达多层次的复杂的逻辑关系,可以充分完 整地表达相互关联的意义,这种效果是短句无法达到的。

由于商务函电常要表示某些条款相 互成立、互为条件,或对某些一连串的具有因果关系的事件进行叙述,因此,这种语体就非 常适合这种要求。例如:

The work hereof shall be commenced in compliance with the construction work of Party A’s plant, and shall be completed within thirty days after the complete ion of Party A’s plant including the completion of inner part of the plant when the plant be in the condition that trial run for air conditioning mechanism is possible.?

这是某英文合同文体中的一个句子。这个诗歌并列句,句中主语是work,and连接两个谓 语(shall be commenced和shall be completed)。

2.频繁使用正式书面语体句型

2.表述简单清楚

商务英语是商务活动的工具,通过阅读文献可以发现:商务英语常用简洁、易懂、规范 、正式的词。

这一特点是由国际商务交际的性质决定的,因为国际商务交际非常讲究效益、 效率,使用常用的词语便于交易双方的理解和接受;修饰语少,内容上直截了当。

偏僻的词汇可能会增加双方沟通障碍,因而不受欢迎。

商务英语的词汇选择讲究精炼、严谨,很少使 用口语化的、非正式的、生僻、不规范的词或行话。

了解口语词语和书卷词语在文体风格上 的差异有助于实现语言交际的适合性和得体性。

3.模糊性的句法,善用祈使句?

商务英语要求准确完整、清楚简洁,但模糊语言的适当使用,能起到积极的效果。

语言的模糊性不仅仅体现在词义层面,还应是具体商务活动中句法所表达意义的模糊性。

采用模糊性句法并不代表缺乏语言能力,相反,它是语言交流的一个必不可少部分。

为提高商务英语的客观准确性,应避免将不确定的事实或数据表达得清楚完整;同样,出于商务谈判的外 交策略,某些观点也不宜太过具体和明确.

在某些场合适当地运用一些模糊表达,对调节贸 易双方紧张关系、缓和尴尬局面、进行自我保护等具有相当积极的意义。

由于函电涉及的双方为贸易伙伴,地位是平等的。

因此,一方如果希望另一方采取某种 行为,一般都不使用祈使句型,而用陈述句表示自己的愿望,至于对方是否采取这种行动则 留待对方定夺。

这种行文在商务函电中非常广泛。以下例句都起到了普通文体中祈使句的功 能,但它们的语气却十分委婉,能达到礼貌的效果。例如:?

It would be appreciated if you could send us your shipping instructions.

Your confirmation on this point would be appreciated.

在书面交际中,注意礼貌是很重要的。

为了体现礼貌原则,交际者常采用对方立场,以 示对对方的尊重和理解,从而使对方容易接受自己的主张。

因此,外贸信函中多用第二人称 (you) 或第二人称物主代词加名词 (your+ n) 作主语,少用第一人称 ( I , we) 作主语, 或常使用被动态,省略第一人称 ( I , we) 充当的行为主体。

二、商务英语的语言特点

1.擅长使用专业术语

这主要是由于商务英语涉及的是贸易、商务、营销财务等理论和实物都很强,呈现出的语言专业性也强。

对于一些比较熟悉的、经常要求用到的商务英语词汇的缩略词,如:提单bill of lading——B/L,世界银行the World Bank——WB,世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization.—— WTO等等;有一些是economic policy 经济政策,holding com/#pany 控股公司,devaluation (货币)贬值等的常用词汇;还有一些是在商务贸易的发展过程中不断增加的词汇,consolidated debt 合并债务,TPL(第三方物流),cyber-payment (电子支付),这些新词丰富了商务英语的内容。

2.内容严谨结构复杂

用词要准确严谨,词语的意义与其使用的语境密切相连,并与其存在的文化息息相关。

语境不同,词汇的意义也有差别。译者在翻译的过程中选词要准确,概念表达要确切,数码与单位要精确’,要忠实、准确地将源语言的信息用目标语言表达出来,做到原文读者获得的'信息与译文读者获得的信息内涵相等。

商务英语中为了达到委婉表达的效果"往往多使用被动句"这与汉语的表达大不相同$因此" 英语被动句在译成汉语时不存在现成的对应表达方式"而需要依据汉语的习惯用法"从丰富的句式和辅助词语中挑选一些适当的手段来表现出原文的被动含义。

3.涉猎广范,具有实用性

商务英语的语言形式、词汇、以及内容等方面与专业知识密切相关,它承载着商务理论和商务实践等方面的信息,对专业词汇的精确使用是商务语言在词汇使用上的最大特点商务英语翻译常用技巧商务英语翻译常用技巧。

例如:sole license(排他性许可证)和exclusive license(独占性许可证),两者各有精确的含义,不能随意交换使用。

前者表示在许可证交易中,技术受让方在协议有效期间,在协定的地区内,对许可证项下的技术具有独占权,不许授予第三方,只许在规定地区内使用该技术和出售该产品的许可证;而后者则表示,许可方不得再把同样内容的使用许可证协议受该地域内的任何第三方,就连许可人自己也不得在该地区使用该项技术(胡庚申,2001:154)。

又如:anti-dumping measures (反倾销措施),quota-free products (非配额生产)investment in non-productive projects (非生产性投资),clearance sale (清仓削价销售),closed cargo (列入表定运费的货物)等等。

4.常使用缩略词

在商务英语翻译过程中所采用的译名、概念、术语等在任何时候都应保持统一。

不允许将同一概念或术语随意变换译名,不统一的译名必然造成误解,使读者对译文不知所云。

作为一名商务译者,对相关专业知识要有相当的了解,才不至于误译,给有关双方造成纠纷和损失。

在翻译的过程中要注意正确使用商务专业术语,缩略语及出现在不同领域中的专业新词语。

三、翻译方法

1.顺序翻译法

所谓顺译法就是按照原文的顺序组织译文。在商务英语中,当语句陈述的是一连串的动作并按发生的时间安排或逻辑关系排列时,此类语句与汉语的表达方式较一致"可按原文的顺序译出。

2.反译法

英汉两种语言结构存在很大差异。英语重心在前,汉语重心在后,汉语长句采用总结式。

多把信息点放在后面,越往后越重要。如果一个句子既有叙事又有表态"汉语就把叙事部分放在前。

表态部分放在后$英语则相反,常常把表态部分放在句首,译成汉语时则将其放在句末"从而形成反译,一些带有否定意义的词。

3.词义引申翻译法

词义引申翻译法,就是根据上下文的内在联系,通过句中词或词组乃至整句的字面意义由表及里,运用一些符合汉语习惯的表达法,选用确切的汉语词句,将原文内容的实质准确的表达出来。

从词义角度看,引申可分为抽象化引申和具体化引申。从句法层面来看,引申可分为逻辑引申、语用引申、修辞引申、概念范围的调整。

将词义做抽象化引申是指对原文中某些字面意义明确具体的词,采用汉语中的含义抽象、概括的词语来表达。

将此一具体化引申就是指,将代表抽象概念或者属性的词来表达一种具体事物的时候,用具体化的事物来表达,还其具体的本来面目,使读者一目了然。

逻辑引申就是在翻译的过程中,由于直译某个词、短语乃至整个句子会使译文不通顺以及不符合目的语的表达习惯,因而就要根据上下文的逻辑关系,对该词、短语或整个句子从其本意出发,由表及里,运用符合目的语习惯的表现法,选用确切的词句,将原文内容的实质准确的表达出来。

语义引申就是把原文中的弦外之音补益出来,就属于语用学引申的手法。

语用学是非语义学的语用意义,一般都不通过词汇、语法手段表示,它是非规约性的、潜在的;受话人凭借交际能力来理解这种语用意义,换句话说,它是结合交际对方、交际目的和交际情景,从说话人词语中引申出来的意义。

除此之外还有修辞引申、概念等引申的翻译方法。

4.凝练翻译法

商务英语中部分语句的结构复杂,信息量大,单凭一种方法很难翻译到位。

翻译这类语句时,要根据具体情况,理清修饰语和中心词的关系以及修饰语内部各个成分之间的关系。

把各种方法合理地综合运用、灵活处理,既忠实地再现原文内容,又保证译文通顺,表达准确,句子流畅。从语言特点上看,英语为形合,而汉语则为神合。

5.词类转换翻译法

转换是指商务英语翻译中语言的词性和表现方法的改变。

由于英语和汉语的表达习惯、句子结构和词的搭配关系都有差异,在翻译中往往难以做到词性和表现方法的一致。

为了适应译文语言的表达习惯和语法规则,在商务英语翻译中需要运用词类和表现方法的转换翻译技巧。

商务英语中为了达到委婉表达的效果,往往多使用被动句,这与汉语的表达大不相同。

因此,英语被动句在译成汉语时不存在现成的对应表达方式,而需要依据汉语的习惯用法,从丰富的句式和辅助词语中挑选一些适当的手段来表现出原文的被动含义。

四、商务英语翻译原则

1.翻译力求专业化

这主要是由于商务英语涉及的是贸易、商务、营销财务等理论和实物都很强,呈现出的语言专业性也强。

对于一些比较熟悉的、经常要求用到的商务英语词汇的缩略词,如:提单bill of lading——B/L,世界银行the World Bank——WB,世界贸易组织 World Trade Organization.—— WTO等等;有一些是economic policy 经济政策,holding company 控股公司,devaluation (货币)贬值等的常用词汇;还有一些是在商务贸易的发展过程中不断增加的词汇,consolidated debt 合并债务,TPL(第三方物流),cyber-payment (电子支付),这些新词丰富了商务英语的内容。

2.翻译内容准确严谨

翻译实际上就是把信息以不同的语言再现出来,因此从事商务英语的翻译工作也要关注商务英语的翻译忠实性。

只有这样才能达到使双方明确地了解到其中的要求和原则,在此基础上所做的沟通才具有实质性的意义。

显而易见的是商务英语中出现的数字的翻译,是一个非常重要的内容,而且一旦翻译者出现疏忽就可能产生不可估量的损失。

在商务英语翻译中,要把源语言用准确、忠实的信息用目标语言所表达出来,并且能够让读者在阅读的时候,获得与原文内容相等的信息,也就是信息等值。

翻译者在翻译的过程中要用词准确、概念清晰,特别是单位和数码要精确,与其他的语言表达形式相比,商务英语更加注重内容的 准确和忠实,这样才能够使整个翻译达到使用的目的。

五、商务英语翻译的概括

商务英语涉及范围很广,包括的种类也十分多。大部分跟国际商务活动有关的例如:国际贸易、会计、金融等方面所用到的英语都属于商务英语的范围。

它涉及的领域主要包括对外贸易、招商引资、国际旅游、海外投资以及国际运输等方面。

除了领域广泛之外,它还包括许多专业的英语例如:广告英语、法律英语、应用文英语、包装英语等。

因此,伴随着国际贸易的范围不断的扩大,越来越多的人,开始加入到翻译的这一事业之中。

对商务英语的翻译,在很长时间以来备受关注,商务英语翻译工作也是一项十分复杂的工作,由于其用途的广泛性和特殊要性,就决定了商务英语的翻译工作不能仅仅局限于传统的翻译中务词汇和具有较好的商务语法基础,这些是一个翻译者应该具备的原则和技巧,不能仅仅依靠“信、达、雅”的翻译要求来完成商务英语的翻译工作,必须依照商务文件的愿意,把它翻译的既能清楚的表达意义,又能够符合商务双方的语言习惯商务英语翻译常用技巧职业英语。在翻译的过程中一定要从实际情况出发,做到具体问题具体分析。

六、总结

综上所述,商务英语有自己的语言特点,翻译时有自己的原则遵循。

词汇和句子是商务英语的基础要素,抓住商务英语词汇和句式上的特点,采取恰当的翻译方法,能有效规范商务英语的翻译,提高交流效率,进而更好地促进国际贸易和国际交流活动的发展。

进一步了解商务英语的语言特点与翻译原则有助于我们对商务英语的本质、功能进一步认识,并推动商务英语的学习与实际应用。

翻译商务英语文本时我们应从总体上把握,理论结合实际,从而有效的避免因为语言翻译失误而造成重大经济损失,把翻译工作做好。

商务英语涉及语言、交际技巧、商务知识、文化背景等因素,有其独特的语言特色。

词汇和句子是商务英语的基础要素,抓住商务英语词汇和句式上的特点,采取恰当的翻译方法,能有效规范商务英语的翻译,提高交流效率,进而更好地促进国际贸易和国际交流活动的发展。

进一步了解商务英语的语言特点与翻译技巧有助于我们对商务英语的本质、功能进一步认识,并推动商务英语的学习与实际应用。

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