随着社会的发展，时代的变迁。越来越多的企业对就业的要求不断提高。因此很多自考考生选择了自考来提高自己的学历，获取更多的就业机会，那么自考语文作文写作有什么技巧？
自考语文作文写作有什么技巧？
1、注意审题，千万不能跑题，《大学语文》的作文只要不跑题，一般都能得到较好的分数，最低的也能拿到及格分18分。因此，拿到作文题，一定要前前后后、左左右右认真分析这个题目的内涵、外延，写作时一定也要时时刻刻提醒自己紧扣题目。审好题后可以在草稿纸上列个简单的提纲，动笔时就紧紧围绕提纲写，这样就不会跑题。
2、《大学语文》作文题有记叙文和议论文，但以议论文为多，一般需要写成夹叙夹议的议论文。在写作议论文时，要注意多写理论，多讲道理，少讲例子。例子只是说明论点的论据，这个例子不能展开描写，点到为止。
3、注意作文对字数的要求。有要求写600字的，有要求写800字的。在写作时，一定要写够要求的字数。
4、注意卷面整洁，字迹工整.有些考生卷面乱七八糟，字迹让判卷老师无法辨认，这样会影响作文的得分。
自考命题标准
1、自考试卷大多是参照普通全日制高校的水平层次来命题，为的就是考验考生是否达到同等知识水平。命题和考试大纲比较接近，考验的是学生的基本理论、分析问题和解决问题的能力。同时也和全日制的合格分数线相同，严格按照全日制考试来要求考生。
2、自考的命题范围
自考命题一般不会超过考试大纲和教材，为的就是让每道题考生都有能力答出来;只是看你的复习是否到位。
3、自考试题类别
自考试题分为主观性试题和客观性试题两种类型。客观性试题有选择题、填空题、判断题等。主要的考验考生知识的掌握;答案都是固定的;都是教材有的知识点。
2017年的英语自学考试写作基础试题大家有做过吗?下面是我给大家整理的2017英语自学考试写作基础试题，供大家参阅!
I.重写句子(15 points, 1.5 points each)
Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.
Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways. (periodic
sentence) 1. Queues will likely be long this summer at the airport. Families head abroad for their summer holidays. (complex sentence)
2. Although the rain clouds are gathering in the distance, they still insist on meeting in the park. (simple sentence)
3. No farmer would dare invest in anything new without being certain that the government officials stand behind it.(periodic sentence)
4. The loan model offers some unbelievably cheap loans and allows a short payback period. (compound sentence)
5.Because the hotel receptionist beat the thief severely, both the receptionist and the thief were arrested. (simple sentence)
6. Tighter restrictions on animal transports have forced farmers to consider transporting their herds by cargo plane instead of lorry as a way to comply with animal welfare requirements. (complex sentence)
7. The Great Wall is the world’s longest human-made structure, stretching over approximately 6,400 km from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, along an arc roughly drawing the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. (compound-complex sentence)
8. By the Spring and Autumn Period, which began around the 8th century BC, the Chinese had learned the techniques of wall-building. (loose sentence)
9. Susan knows business management very well. She has got many years’ work experience in business administration. (compound sentence)
10. Oprah Winfrey’s own story is an inspiration. She overcame almost every obstacle that a person might face. (compound-complex sentence)
Ⅱ.修改病句 (15 points,3 points each)
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that
brand again.
11. A new blouse in a fashionable color can update an old outfit; in contrast, adding dramatic jewelry or an attractive scarf can make an old outfit seem new.
12. Judging by Meg’s party, her parents are irresponsible. First of all, there is no adult supervision, for example, wine and beer are served.
13. He said that they should make full use of the water power of the river. And that a small reservoir should be built.
14. My hometown is closer to Beijing than Shijiazhuang.
15. After correcting all the mistakes, the second draft of the paper was much better than the first. Ⅲ.辨认主题句 (15 points, 5 points each)
16. Choose the best topic sentence from the four options below. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.
A. Some political parties have adopted animals to represent them.
B. Cars are given animal names to make consumers associate them with speed and grace.
C. Many professional sports teams, such as the Tigers and Rams, have chosen animal names to suggest power.
D. Many people in the world hold animals in such high regard that they use animals’ names for their organizations and products.
17. Read the following paragraph and write the topic sentence on the Answer Sheet.
We are on our way to becoming a cashless, checkless society, a trend that began with the credit card. Now some banks are offering “debit cards” instead of credit cards. The costs of purchases made with these cards are deducted from the holder’s bank account instead of being added to a monthly bill. And checking accounts, which are mainly used for paying bills, are going electronic. Now some people can make computer transactions over their pushbutton phones to pay bills by transferring money from their account to the account of whomever they owe. Soon we may be able to conduct most of our business without signing a check or actually seeing the money we earn and spend.
18. Read the following paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.
Cutting down on your responsibilities is one way to minimize stress in your life. You can also relax yourself by breathing deeply, rather than taking light, shallow breaths. Peaceful music is also soothing if you focus your attention on it and consciously disregard distracting thoughts. Another good way to release
tension is to exercise regularly, which, rather than tiring you out, builds energy and endurance.
A. Stress has several harmful effects, so you must minimize them.
B. There are several ways you can reduce stress in your life.
C. Cutting down on responsibilities lessens stress.
D. You can relax by breathing deeply.
Ⅳ.重新组合段落 (5 points, l point each)
19. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Write the corresponding letters in a proper sequence on the Answer Sheet. The positions of some sentences have been given.
A. After several conversations with salespeople, she then buys what she came into the store for in the first place, but all the while, my father has been reading a mystery in the car.
B. My father has grown to hate stores of all kinds.
C. My mother, on the other hand, has a somewhat more complicated approach.
D. As she does so, she draws up two mental lists-one of items that she can afford and the other of items she cannot.
E. His view is that one should go into a store, buy what one came for, and leave.
F. While she believes that one should enjoy oneself as much as possible while shopping, my father feels enjoyment and shopping are two different things.
G. She prefers to look carefully over every single item in the store.
Ⅴ. 划掉与段落内容无关的句子 (10 points, 5 points each)
20. Read the following paragraph and write the TWO irrelevant sentences on the Answer Sheet. Studies reveal that people’s first names can have influence on them. Clearly, Chinese names are quite different. Some names reflect on people in a positive way. For example, one survey showed that American men consider the name Susan to be sexy. And participants in a British study thought Tony to be the name of someone very friendly. However, other names can have a negative impact. In one study, for instance, teachers gave lower grades to essays supposedly written by boys named Hubert and Elmer than to the very same essays when they were credited to boys with more popular names. Another study found that girls with unpopular names did worse on IQ and achievement tests than girls with more appealing names. So IQ and achievement tests are important and necessary in studying names.
Ⅵ. 写信 (40 points)
21. Suppose you (Wang Lin) have finished your study, during which Professor Li helped you a lot both in your study and in your life. Write a letter to thank him. Tell him with examples that you have learned a lot from him in terms of knowledge and positive attitude towards difficulties. And
also tell him that with what you have learned from him, you have got a good job in a company or you have started your own business. (150-200 words)
I. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.
Styles of Dress as Reflections of Social Conditions
Something that becomes very apparent when we study the topic of fashion is that clothes and style are related to so much more than merely an individual’s appearance. For thousands of years, fashion and style have been primary indicators about a person’s social status, sexuality, wealth, individuality, and overall personality attributes.
In the 20th century alone, each decade has been marked by distinctly different manners for dress for both men and women. Our Halloween tradition exemplifies this very clearly with “costumes” such as a 1920’s “flapper girl” and the 1960’s “hippie.” With deeper consideration, however, these differing fashion styles can be viewed as representative of the related social conditions occurring at the time.
As stated by Pasacoe, “The fashion of the 1920’s reflected the Jazz Age perfectly. It was made for fast automobiles and Charlestondance. For the first time in western fashion the knee was socially acceptable.” Although there are many theories regarding what causes fashion to change, the fact that social climate is reflected in styles of dress has a great deal of support. Perhaps the reason why so much change occurred in women’s dress in the early decades of the century is that so many changes occurred regarding women’s roles and fights within that same time frame.
Another decade in which fashion was strongly indicative of the underlying social conditions is the turbulent 1960’s. One of the most noted developments accredited to this decade is the introduction of the miniskirt. Many social historians relate the introduction of the miniskirt to the introduction of the birth control pill. Women became sexually liberated and the “free love” era began. These miniskirts came to symbolize the new liberation for women and the ssocial climate of the decade. As stated in Vogue at the end of the decade, “The length of your skirt is how you feel this moment.”
Towards the end of the 1960's, younger generations were rejecting the establishment and rejecting the idea of high fashion along with it. Students wore long hair, faded denim jeans, and flamboyant patterns. Many wore combat jackets and surplus shirts to anti-war rallies. As Hoeymaker stated, “By the end of the decade, cheap, flamboyant clothes became expensive designer labels. The hippie style became high fashion; in fact ‘anti-fashion’ became the biggest fashion of all.” In this case, clothes became a form of protest.
Overall, there are countless examples of how fashion is influenced by the social climate of the times. Over the past thousands of years, the socially “appropriate” styles of dress for men and women have varied tremendously. Regardless of what exactly constituted“stylish” fashion during any given time period, one thing that remains constant is that fashion has always been a significant aspect of one's life and the time in which they lived.
II. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
Say No to Blind Optimism
“Is the glass half full or half empty?" This question is often asked to determine whether someone
is an optimist or a pessimist. In my view, even though we need to see the glass half full, we cannot deny the fact that the glass is also half empty. Having a healthy proportion of expectations makes us more realistic. Blind optimism, however, may foster delusions, result in frustrations and spoil relationships.
We all long for accomplishments, but sometimes we overstress the positive outcome of our effort and waste our time with glori ous plans that will never work. We indulge ourselves in delusions and impractical dreams. We fail to see that blind optimism only gives us false promises and clouds our sense of judgment. Ambition without clear directions cannot lead to a victorious experience. We need to understand that wishful thinking and delusions won’t work.
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Balanced optimism helps us to develop healthy relationships whereas blind optimism destroys them. One of the reasons for short-lived friendships is that we tend to expect too much of our friends. However, they may not always live up to our expectations. This gives rise to disappointment and misunderstanding. Friendships or relationships consequently turn sour. Some relationships may be seriously affected, with all parties experiencing much pain. A more realistic outlook helps us to understand human limitations, show more consideration for others and prevent excess expectations. To sum up, blind optimism does more harm than good and should be discarded. Saying no to blind optimism means we can fly but we fly with the safest bet, with the parachute, so that we don’t drop hard. It proves our ability to accept weaknesses and strive for the best. It gives us second options in our lives and alleviates the pains and disappointments that life imposes on us. This holistic attitude, accepting both positive and negative sides, will make us stronger and more mature. After all, a lotus is a beautiful flower that blossoms out of the mud.
IlI. Compose an essay. (60 points)
Some people enjoy playing sports individually while others love to play in groups. Which do you prefer? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your reasons.
自考大学语文作文题目包括但不限于以下几种类型：1. 记叙文：写人、事、物，描述自己生活中的经历、经典故事等，如《我的家乡》、《一次难忘的旅行》、《童年的梦》等。2. 描写文：对人、物进行形象、特点的真实、生动的描写，如《春天的花朵》、《我的书桌》等。3. 看图作文：以图画或者图片题材为基础的作文，如《我的宠物》、《友谊永恒》等。4. 报告文：对一件事、一处地等进行比较系统的阐述，如对某项调查、考察等形成的报告。5. 议论文：讨论具有争议性的问题，提出自己的看法，有支持意见和反对意见，如《电子书是否应该取代纸质书》等。6. 说明文：对事物进行全面、具体的叙述或解释，如对科技书籍、健康知识、旅游景点等的介绍。7. 读后感：是读书后、看了某一篇文学作品后所产生的思考感想，“读书使人增长智慧，思考出真知”这首诗大家都听过，读书并不仅仅是为了藏书。以上只是一些常见的作文类型，实际的自考大学语文作文题目还有很多其他类型和领域。
自考大学语文作文题目包括社会热点、个人经历、文化传承等多个方面。社会热点方面，可以涉及到当前社会问题，如“如何应对网络暴力”、“青少年沉迷网络的原因及解决方法”等。个人经历方面，可以写自己的成长历程或重要经历，如“我的大学生活”、“我和父母的故事”等。文化传承方面，可以写中国传统文化或当地民俗文化，如“春节习俗的变迁”、“传统手工艺的保护与发展”等。无论是哪个方面的作文，都需要注意语言表达清晰、结构合理、观点独特。
20分求这么多呼呼，我先去倒杯水…
1. For the past ten years, we have achieved great progress in many areas.2. Though it was raining, he went all the same.3. He wrote three books in the first two years, which is a record he had never reached before.4. Shutting the door behind him, he went out.5. I really can't understand the reason why he is often late for work.6. Some people in the audience hissed for the projector broke for a second time, while others shouted for a refund.7. The carefully designed project went on smoothly.8. You may stay at home waiting for us; you may go to the cinema alone.9. I am now working as an accountant in that city, in which about two million people live.10. Hurry up or you may miss the train.
首 页 党校总览 校园简介 机构设置 组织人事 文件制度 校园动态 公示公告 校园风光 干部培训 主体班次 公务员培训 联合办学 社会讲学 党校信息 学历教育 党校函授 国民教育函授 县情研究 县情资料 课题调研 法制综治 后勤服务 后勤管理 对外培训服务 睦州宾馆 新闻内容 《新编经济应用文写作》考试复习题 发布时间:(2008-12-22) 一、选择题1、经济应用文主旨具有（政策性）、单一性、显露性三个方面的特点。2、材料是为表现文章主旨，从（社会现实生活）和有关资料文库中搜集得来的一系列事实和理论依据，如果说，主旨是文章的灵魂，材料则是文章的（血肉）。3、发文字号就是文件代号，简称（文号），由发文机关代字、年份和序号组成。4、公文正文的逻辑结构一般由（发文缘由）、事项、结尾三部分组成。5、《国家行政机关公文处理办法》规定，公文处理应做到（及时）、准确、安全。6、通知的标题由发文机关名称、（事由）和（文种）三个要素构成。7、通知正文一般有“通知缘由”、（“通知事项”）、（“执行要求”）三个部分组成。8、总结的主体部分包括成绩和做法、经验和体会、存在的问题和教训、（今后的打算）等。9、市场调查的常用方法有（询问法）、（观察法）、实验法、文献研究法。10、经济合同主要条款有：（标的）、数量和质量、价款或酬金、履行的期限、地点和方式、违约责任、解决争议的方法、其他必须具备的条款。11、标的是经济合同双方当事人（权利）和（义务）所指向的对象。产品、货币、工程、劳务等都可以成为标的。12、广告文案的特点有（鼓动性）、艺术性、真实性、思想性、浓缩性、创造性。13、经济消息即是对在经济领域内新近发生或发现的具有（经济价值）和（经济意义）的客观事实所做的简要报道。14、“真”是新闻的生命，“事实胜于雄辩”，新闻的永恒生命力和魅力，首先在于它的（真实性）。15、倒金字塔式结构是经济消息特有的一种结构模式，它是桉材料的重要程度来安排层次的，要求将（最重要）、（最新鲜）、最有吸引力的材料作为导语放在文章的开关，然后介绍次要材料，更次要材料放在结尾，就象一座倒金字塔。16、经济评论是针对当前经济领域中出现的问题或现象，特别是人民群众所关注的（经济事件）进行评论、发表意见的一种议论文，如有关经济方面的社论、短评、专论、纵横谈等文章，均属经济评论。17、选题是经济学术论文写作的一个重要的、基础的工作步骤。选题是否得当，关系到论文的（意义）和（价值），也直接影响研究工作的开展和深入。18、标题是竞聘书结构的有机组成部分，它一般由介词“关于”加所竞聘的职务名称及（文种）等要素组成。二、判断题1、上行文的主送机关可以同时写多个机关名称。（×）2、公文的生效日期就是公文的印发日期。（×）3、主题词是指用以揭示公文主要内容的名词或名词性词组。（√）4、公文的成文日期可以用阿拉伯数字来标识。（×）5、公文反映国家行政机关的意志，具有行政领导和行政管理的功能。（√）6、公文多层级批转和转发时，对标题中多次出现的“关于和通知”可以进行整合，以使标题更为简洁明了。（√）7、通报在对有关事实进行叙述时，可以夸张渲染，设置悬念，以增强生动性。（×）8、批复的主送机关只能有一个。（√）9、请示可以一事一文，也可以一事多文。（×）10、“请示”的标题，一般不用“申请、请求”一类的词语。（√）11、请示只适用于向有隶属关系的上级机关行文。（√）12、呈报上级的报告可以包含请求的事项。（×）13、报告的标题可以省略事项，只用“报告”二字。（×）14、批复与请示形成对应关系，是法定公文中唯一具有这种特殊关系的文种。（√）15、批复意见涉及到其他部门时，应协调后才能行文答复。（√）16、向不相隶属的机关询问事项，可以用“函”。（√）17、函的行文方面具有多样性。（√）18、“会议纪要”其实就是会议记录。（×）19、“会议纪要”通常采用第一人称记叙，也可用第三人称记叙。（×）20、计划虽然不是公文，但一经法定会议通过和批准，在它所管辖的范围内，就具有了约束力。（√）21、简报的传播是没有范围限制的。（×）22、市场调查报告是以书面形式反映调查研究成果的一种应用文体。（√）23、标的是一切合同必须具备的首要条款，必须准确标明。（√）24、经济合同的当事人就是法人。（×）25、有时广告的标题所起的作用比正文还要大，故应精心制作广告标题。（√）26、广告为使内容更加生动形象，在写作时可使用多种多样的艺术手法。（）27、广告的传播是没有范围限制的，但内容不能违反国家有关法规。（√）28、科学性是经济学术论文的本质属性，也是经济学术论文的生命。（√）29、经济学术论文的写作过程中，可以参考有关文献，照搬别人的观点和写法。（×）30、经济学术论文是评定作者学术水平的惟一依据。（×）三、简答题1、简述应用文的涵义。答：应用文是指机关、团体、企事业单位和个人在处理公私事务时所使用的一种具有沟通关系、传递信息、解决问题等实用价值和一定格式的文体的总称。2、简述公务文书的含义。答：公务文书，也简称公文。它是行政机关、社会团体、企事业单位在施行公务活动过程中形成和使用，具有法定效力和规范体式，是各级机关依法开展公务活动和实施行政措施的重要工具。3、经济应用文的主旨应如何表现？答：标题揭旨，直接明了；起句立意，开门显旨；篇中立旨，片言撮要；头尾呼应，显示旨意。4、公务文书的特点有哪些？答：鲜明的政策性、法定的权威性、严格的时效性、程式的规范性。5、通知的写作要求是什么？答：（1）通知事项要清楚明确；（2）通知语言要平实准确。6、请示与报告的区别？请示与报告同属上行文。在实际运用中，两者常有混用、错用的现象。应注意两者的区别。：（1）行文的目的不同；（2）行文的时间不同；（3）受文处理的方式不同。7、简报的含义是什么？答：简报是行政机关、人民团体和企事业单位编发的用于汇报工作、反映情况、交流经验，用以指导工作的一种内部文书。8、经济活动分析报告的主要方法有哪些？答：比较分析法；因素分析法；平衡分析法；动态分析法；预测分析法。9、简述经济合同的写作要求。答：（1）主约内容要合法；（2）主要条款要完备；（3）文本格式要规范；（4）语言表达要准确。10、简述经济消息的写作要求答：1、坚持用事实说话；（2）精选新闻报道角度；（3）表述要通俗、简练。11、经济评论的写作要求是什么？答：（1）选好题材，有的放矢；（2）言之有理，评论有深度；（3）简洁生动，短小精悍，（4）抓住一点，以小见大。12、经济学术论文的选题原则是什么？答：（1）需要性原则——目的原则：（2）可行性原则——条件原则；（3）创新性原则——价值原则。四、综合写作1、请评析下面一篇请求，指出存在的问题。原文如下：××省财政厅关于召开200×年全省决算评比表彰大会的请示××省政府：200×年，我省财政收入取得大幅度增长，比历史最好的19××年增长了百分之××，达到了××亿元。这表明，我省的经济状况大有好转，经济效益明显提高。这是贯彻党的三中全会正确路线、方针、政策取得的结果。一年来，各单位的会计报表的及时性、准确性有了显著提高，特别是在年底，尽管工作量很大，但仍高质量的完成了任务。为鼓励先进，调动全体财务人员的积极性，我们拟在×月×日下旬，召开全省厅、局、专业公司，各州、市、县财政局、税务局工作者决算评比表彰会。当否，请批示。 ××省财政厅 200×年×月×日2、俗话说“前事不忘，后事之师”，临近年末，就本人所从事的工作写一份简要性总结。要求格式完整、正确，语言清楚、流畅，字数600字左右。（30分）淳安县人民政府主办，淳安县信息中心建设管理、技术支持：浙江兰德新易信息技术有限公司建议IE5.5 1024X768分辨率以上浏览网站 2005-2006版权所有
个人建议：如果自己没有写作的经验还不如找家新闻传播机构代笔，就像“ 文芳阁传媒 ”这样的网络公关公司，是按字数收费的，500字50元、1000字100元，写好后还可以付点费用让他们把你的软文广告发布在各大媒体上呢。
2017年的英语自学考试写作基础试题大家有做过吗?下面是我给大家整理的2017英语自学考试写作基础试题，供大家参阅!
I.重写句子(15 points, 1.5 points each)
Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.
Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways. (periodic
sentence) 1. Queues will likely be long this summer at the airport. Families head abroad for their summer holidays. (complex sentence)
2. Although the rain clouds are gathering in the distance, they still insist on meeting in the park. (simple sentence)
3. No farmer would dare invest in anything new without being certain that the government officials stand behind it.(periodic sentence)
4. The loan model offers some unbelievably cheap loans and allows a short payback period. (compound sentence)
5.Because the hotel receptionist beat the thief severely, both the receptionist and the thief were arrested. (simple sentence)
6. Tighter restrictions on animal transports have forced farmers to consider transporting their herds by cargo plane instead of lorry as a way to comply with animal welfare requirements. (complex sentence)
7. The Great Wall is the world’s longest human-made structure, stretching over approximately 6,400 km from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, along an arc roughly drawing the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. (compound-complex sentence)
8. By the Spring and Autumn Period, which began around the 8th century BC, the Chinese had learned the techniques of wall-building. (loose sentence)
9. Susan knows business management very well. She has got many years’ work experience in business administration. (compound sentence)
10. Oprah Winfrey’s own story is an inspiration. She overcame almost every obstacle that a person might face. (compound-complex sentence)
Ⅱ.修改病句 (15 points,3 points each)
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that
brand again.
11. A new blouse in a fashionable color can update an old outfit; in contrast, adding dramatic jewelry or an attractive scarf can make an old outfit seem new.
12. Judging by Meg’s party, her parents are irresponsible. First of all, there is no adult supervision, for example, wine and beer are served.
13. He said that they should make full use of the water power of the river. And that a small reservoir should be built.
14. My hometown is closer to Beijing than Shijiazhuang.
15. After correcting all the mistakes, the second draft of the paper was much better than the first. Ⅲ.辨认主题句 (15 points, 5 points each)
16. Choose the best topic sentence from the four options below. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.
A. Some political parties have adopted animals to represent them.
B. Cars are given animal names to make consumers associate them with speed and grace.
C. Many professional sports teams, such as the Tigers and Rams, have chosen animal names to suggest power.
D. Many people in the world hold animals in such high regard that they use animals’ names for their organizations and products.
17. Read the following paragraph and write the topic sentence on the Answer Sheet.
We are on our way to becoming a cashless, checkless society, a trend that began with the credit card. Now some banks are offering “debit cards” instead of credit cards. The costs of purchases made with these cards are deducted from the holder’s bank account instead of being added to a monthly bill. And checking accounts, which are mainly used for paying bills, are going electronic. Now some people can make computer transactions over their pushbutton phones to pay bills by transferring money from their account to the account of whomever they owe. Soon we may be able to conduct most of our business without signing a check or actually seeing the money we earn and spend.
18. Read the following paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.
Cutting down on your responsibilities is one way to minimize stress in your life. You can also relax yourself by breathing deeply, rather than taking light, shallow breaths. Peaceful music is also soothing if you focus your attention on it and consciously disregard distracting thoughts. Another good way to release
tension is to exercise regularly, which, rather than tiring you out, builds energy and endurance.
A. Stress has several harmful effects, so you must minimize them.
B. There are several ways you can reduce stress in your life.
C. Cutting down on responsibilities lessens stress.
D. You can relax by breathing deeply.
Ⅳ.重新组合段落 (5 points, l point each)
19. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Write the corresponding letters in a proper sequence on the Answer Sheet. The positions of some sentences have been given.
A. After several conversations with salespeople, she then buys what she came into the store for in the first place, but all the while, my father has been reading a mystery in the car.
B. My father has grown to hate stores of all kinds.
C. My mother, on the other hand, has a somewhat more complicated approach.
D. As she does so, she draws up two mental lists-one of items that she can afford and the other of items she cannot.
E. His view is that one should go into a store, buy what one came for, and leave.
F. While she believes that one should enjoy oneself as much as possible while shopping, my father feels enjoyment and shopping are two different things.
G. She prefers to look carefully over every single item in the store.
Ⅴ. 划掉与段落内容无关的句子 (10 points, 5 points each)
20. Read the following paragraph and write the TWO irrelevant sentences on the Answer Sheet. Studies reveal that people’s first names can have influence on them. Clearly, Chinese names are quite different. Some names reflect on people in a positive way. For example, one survey showed that American men consider the name Susan to be sexy. And participants in a British study thought Tony to be the name of someone very friendly. However, other names can have a negative impact. In one study, for instance, teachers gave lower grades to essays supposedly written by boys named Hubert and Elmer than to the very same essays when they were credited to boys with more popular names. Another study found that girls with unpopular names did worse on IQ and achievement tests than girls with more appealing names. So IQ and achievement tests are important and necessary in studying names.
Ⅵ. 写信 (40 points)
21. Suppose you (Wang Lin) have finished your study, during which Professor Li helped you a lot both in your study and in your life. Write a letter to thank him. Tell him with examples that you have learned a lot from him in terms of knowledge and positive attitude towards difficulties. And
also tell him that with what you have learned from him, you have got a good job in a company or you have started your own business. (150-200 words)
I. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.
Styles of Dress as Reflections of Social Conditions
Something that becomes very apparent when we study the topic of fashion is that clothes and style are related to so much more than merely an individual’s appearance. For thousands of years, fashion and style have been primary indicators about a person’s social status, sexuality, wealth, individuality, and overall personality attributes.
In the 20th century alone, each decade has been marked by distinctly different manners for dress for both men and women. Our Halloween tradition exemplifies this very clearly with “costumes” such as a 1920’s “flapper girl” and the 1960’s “hippie.” With deeper consideration, however, these differing fashion styles can be viewed as representative of the related social conditions occurring at the time.
As stated by Pasacoe, “The fashion of the 1920’s reflected the Jazz Age perfectly. It was made for fast automobiles and Charlestondance. For the first time in western fashion the knee was socially acceptable.” Although there are many theories regarding what causes fashion to change, the fact that social climate is reflected in styles of dress has a great deal of support. Perhaps the reason why so much change occurred in women’s dress in the early decades of the century is that so many changes occurred regarding women’s roles and fights within that same time frame.
Another decade in which fashion was strongly indicative of the underlying social conditions is the turbulent 1960’s. One of the most noted developments accredited to this decade is the introduction of the miniskirt. Many social historians relate the introduction of the miniskirt to the introduction of the birth control pill. Women became sexually liberated and the “free love” era began. These miniskirts came to symbolize the new liberation for women and the ssocial climate of the decade. As stated in Vogue at the end of the decade, “The length of your skirt is how you feel this moment.”
Towards the end of the 1960's, younger generations were rejecting the establishment and rejecting the idea of high fashion along with it. Students wore long hair, faded denim jeans, and flamboyant patterns. Many wore combat jackets and surplus shirts to anti-war rallies. As Hoeymaker stated, “By the end of the decade, cheap, flamboyant clothes became expensive designer labels. The hippie style became high fashion; in fact ‘anti-fashion’ became the biggest fashion of all.” In this case, clothes became a form of protest.
Overall, there are countless examples of how fashion is influenced by the social climate of the times. Over the past thousands of years, the socially “appropriate” styles of dress for men and women have varied tremendously. Regardless of what exactly constituted“stylish” fashion during any given time period, one thing that remains constant is that fashion has always been a significant aspect of one's life and the time in which they lived.
II. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
Say No to Blind Optimism
“Is the glass half full or half empty?" This question is often asked to determine whether someone
is an optimist or a pessimist. In my view, even though we need to see the glass half full, we cannot deny the fact that the glass is also half empty. Having a healthy proportion of expectations makes us more realistic. Blind optimism, however, may foster delusions, result in frustrations and spoil relationships.
We all long for accomplishments, but sometimes we overstress the positive outcome of our effort and waste our time with glori ous plans that will never work. We indulge ourselves in delusions and impractical dreams. We fail to see that blind optimism only gives us false promises and clouds our sense of judgment. Ambition without clear directions cannot lead to a victorious experience. We need to understand that wishful thinking and delusions won’t work.
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Balanced optimism helps us to develop healthy relationships whereas blind optimism destroys them. One of the reasons for short-lived friendships is that we tend to expect too much of our friends. However, they may not always live up to our expectations. This gives rise to disappointment and misunderstanding. Friendships or relationships consequently turn sour. Some relationships may be seriously affected, with all parties experiencing much pain. A more realistic outlook helps us to understand human limitations, show more consideration for others and prevent excess expectations. To sum up, blind optimism does more harm than good and should be discarded. Saying no to blind optimism means we can fly but we fly with the safest bet, with the parachute, so that we don’t drop hard. It proves our ability to accept weaknesses and strive for the best. It gives us second options in our lives and alleviates the pains and disappointments that life imposes on us. This holistic attitude, accepting both positive and negative sides, will make us stronger and more mature. After all, a lotus is a beautiful flower that blossoms out of the mud.
IlI. Compose an essay. (60 points)
Some people enjoy playing sports individually while others love to play in groups. Which do you prefer? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your reasons.
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自考大学语文作文题目包括社会热点、个人经历、文化传承等多个方面。社会热点方面，可以涉及到当前社会问题，如“如何应对网络暴力”、“青少年沉迷网络的原因及解决方法”等。个人经历方面，可以写自己的成长历程或重要经历，如“我的大学生活”、“我和父母的故事”等。文化传承方面，可以写中国传统文化或当地民俗文化，如“春节习俗的变迁”、“传统手工艺的保护与发展”等。无论是哪个方面的作文，都需要注意语言表达清晰、结构合理、观点独特。
2012.10月自考 商务英语写作 题型第一题英语和中文商务术语一一对应，20分：这些术语挺简单，主要看一下单词栏那里的，幸好中英文都有，能一一对应就行了。第二题单选，四选一，20分；一段话中缺一个词，从下面选一个，挺容易混淆的。主要看一下句子的表达就基本可以选对。第三题商业句子英译汉，15分，5题，有些术语还真翻不出。考过商务英语翻译的可以借鉴。第三题商业句子汉译英，15分，5题，同上。第四题补充一封信，5分；第五题标注，5分；第六题按要求撰写一封信，20分。
个人建议：如果自己没有写作的经验还不如找家新闻传播机构代笔，就像“ 文芳阁传媒 ”这样的网络公关公司，是按字数收费的，500字50元、1000字100元，写好后还可以付点费用让他们把你的软文广告发布在各大媒体上呢。
课程代码：00654一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）1.新闻结构2.动态消息3.综合消息4.速写5.观察二、单项选择题（在每小题的四个备选答案中，选出一个正确答案，并将正确答案的序号填在题干的括号内。每小题1分，共30分）1.新闻的功用是（ ）A.报道和运用事实B.报道和评价事实C.宣传和评述政策D.分析和判断事实2.报道健康的有益于社会进步的内容，属于记者的（ ）A.职业道德修养B.知识修养C.作风修养D.业务修养3.中国最早的中文近代报纸是（ ）A.《亚细亚报》B.《中外新报》C.《察世俗每月统记传》D.《中外纪闻》4.判断某个事实能否引起读者兴趣的能力属于记者的（ ）A.新闻敏感B.新闻判断力C.新闻概括力D.新闻分析能力5.新闻的宣传价值为（ ）A.时效性，典型性，针对性，一致性B.真实性，时宜性，针对性，一致性C.灵活性，典型性，针对性，一致性D.一致性，针对性，典型性，时宜性6.记者进行采访，主要表现为四个阶段：（ ）A.接近，融洽，沟通，激发B.接近，和谐，沟通，交流C.接近，沟通，谈话，记录D.接近，沟通，交友，激发7.对被采访对象实施"心理控制"，属于下列采访方法：（ ）A.少听多讲，广采博纳B.求同存异，心理共鸣C.沟通思想，见机行事D.因人而异，灵活对待8.俗话说：耳听为虚，眼见为实，这说明观察的特点之一：（ ）A.观察的综合性B.观察的客观性C.观察的直接性D.观察的敏感性9.记者或化装或易名，以探亲的形式去采访一个名人或要人，这种采访形式属于（ ）A.易地采访B.交叉采访C.巡回采访D.隐性采访10.捕捉变动着的事件细节是记者用心捕捉（ ）A.瞬间印象B.新闻事实C.独特感受D.背景材料11.调节采访者与被采访者的微妙心理情绪变化，这在新闻采访中叫作（ ）A.现场协调律B.情绪调节律C.情景协和律D.心理感应律12.新闻写作的第一要领是（ ）A.真实B.灵活C.鲜明D.迅速13.消息写作中多采用第三人称是为了（ ）A.增加亲切感B.提高客观性C.避免主观说教D.增加真实感14.突出新闻中富有特征的局部是（ ）的写法。A.动态消息B.新闻特写C.事件通迅D.速写15.早期出现的人物通讯与古代的哪一种文体有直接的渊源关系？（ ）A.散文B.小说C.游记D.传记16.1881年12月（ ）的有线电报创始。A.上海到北京B.上海到广州C.天津到上海D.上海到武汉17.调查报告属于（ ）A.法律应用文B.新闻边缘体C.实用应用文D.财经应用文18.一篇新闻作品能否成功的第一位因素是（ ）A.事实新鲜B.结构严密C.语言简明D.角度新颖19.把最新鲜、最重要、最吸引人的事实材料放在前面是（ ）A.动态消息的结构B.简明消息的结构C.综合消息的结构D.经验性消息的结构20.抓住典型的场景显示美感，是指新闻文采中（ ）A.叙事要突出动感B.状物要突出形象C.描绘要注意美感D.修辞要注意实感21.把传统行文方式中句与句、段与段之间表示过渡、衔接的文字省去是（ ）A.跳跃式行文B."蒙太奇"式行文C.简略式行文D.散文式行文22.所谓消息写作中客观手法的运用，是把观点隐蔽在对事实的客观报道中，即变（ ）为无形意见。A.主观意图B.理论内涵C.国家政策D.事实真相23.记者写作消息最见功力的一个重要方面是写好（ ）A.主体B.结尾C.导语D.标题24.被西方新闻著作捧为第一代导语楷模的导语是（ ）写的。A.莫尔斯B.杰克。海敦C.麦尔文。曼切尔D.约翰。唐宁25."徐悲鸿先生在国画、油画、素描方面，都有很高的造诣，尤以画奔马、雄狮和晨鸡著名。"这一背景材料是（ ）A.知识背景B.人物背景C.社会背景D.事物背景26.观光记或参观记又叫（ ）A.速写B.侧记C.巡礼D.散记27.在通讯中写人用"人随事出"的手法是（ ）的常用手法。A.人物通讯B.事件通讯C.工作通讯D.风貌通讯28.只抓住人物活动的某一刹那，某一镜头，人物性格的某一特点是（ ）的写法。A.人物特写B.人物通讯C.新闻特写D.事件特写29.日本朝日新闻社的辰浓和男提倡记者要（ ）新闻。A.用灵敏的政治嗅觉去找B.用自己的脚去找C.用强烈的责任感去找D.以上三者都错30.中国古代最早的报纸是（ ）A.京报B.小报C.邸报D.手抄报三、多项选择题（在每小题的五个备选答案中，选出二至五个正确的答案，并将正确答案的序号分别填在题干的括号内，多选、少选、错选均不得分。每小题1分，共10分）1.新闻文采须从（ ）几方面着手。A.叙事突出动感B.状物突出形象C.修辞强调实感D.描绘富有美感E.语言强调活泼2.述评性消息分为：（ ）A.事态述评B.形势述评C.工作述评D.思想述评E.政策述评3.综合性新闻常用的手法是：（ ）A.点面结合B.夹叙夹议C.概括叙述D.对比衬托E.正反结合4.救活有意义的迟到新闻可以采用的方法有：（ ）A.抓新闻背景B.以旧带新C.抓住被披露的事实变动D.由近及远E.抓遗漏的事实5.新闻主体写作中按逻辑顺序来写是指：（ ）A.依据事实的主次关系组织事实材料B.依据事实的空间关系组织事实材料C.依据事实的因果关系组织事实材料D.依据事实的对比关系组织事实材料E.依据事实的并列关系组织事实材料6.通讯的写作方法与技巧有：（ ）A.议论和抒情B.情节和细节C.叙述和描写D.角度与矛盾E.结构与层次7.在风貌通讯中，借景抒情的手法通常有：（ ）A.触景生情，寓情于景B.情景交融，水乳难分C.因事抒情，寓情于事D.融写景叙事抒情于一体E.因物抒情，寄情于物8.调查报告可以分为：（ ）A.经验型B.揭露型C.研讨型D.总结型E.基本社情型9.通讯的表现形式，主要有：（ ）A.访问记B.巡礼C.速写D.采访札记E.小故事10.记者的修养包括：（ ）A.知识修养B.作风修养C.理论修养D.职业道德修养E.政治修养四、简答题（每小题5分，共15分）1.为什么新闻须具有文采？具体表现在哪些方面？2.通讯中的议论和抒情有什么特点？它们的运用为什么需经营位置和控制数量？3.简述新闻线索的特点及发现新闻线索的途径。五、论述题（10分）谈谈新闻的四大写作要求：新、短、快、活六、应用题（20分）根据所给素材，写成一则消息。要求：（1）准确概括事实；（2）主题集中，角度得当；（3）设计有特点的导语；（4）制作符合消息规范的标题；（5）文句通顺，无错别字；（6）字数：300-400字。附材料：干细胞研究是国际上与基因工程并列的生命科学两大热点之一。基因工程成果直接应用于临床医学还为时尚早，且有一定的危险性；而干细胞研究正在走向高潮，尤其是利用生命体自身的干细胞合成器官组织，将有效解决大脑疾病、贫血、心衰、糖尿病等，而且安全可靠。因此，首次成功培育克隆羊的科学家也已把研究方向转向干细胞，目前几乎所有国际知名大学都设立了干细胞研究室。我国中西医结合学会著名科学家徐荣祥是干细胞研究的领军人物之一，他带领一个科研小组，经过艰苦努力，已率先创造干细胞的原位培养技术，并且在国际上公布了干细胞组织复制图谱。国外科学家对干细胞的研究还处在复制细胞水平，但徐教授将其拓展至复制具有完整功能的器官上。他的科研小组已经过动养，利用特别组合的生命营养物质，使这些细胞持续分裂，克隆并持续增殖合成新的胃、肠组织。利用原位干细胞复制胃肠器官组织的新成果应用于临床，能让受到损伤的胃肠粘膜及时得到修复，也能使胃肠疾病患者免去手术的痛苦。徐教授的科研小组正与有关医学专家合作，不久将推出这方面的新药。利用干细胞原位复制技术具有广泛的应用前景，一旦进入临床阶段，将形成一个庞大的产业，因此徐教授及时为原位合成胃肠器官组织申请了专利。按照有关规定，他将在权威的国际学术刊物上详细公布这一最新成果。浙江省2002年1月高等教育自学考试新闻采访写作试题参考答案课程代码：00654一、名词解释（每小题3分，共15分）1.所谓新闻的结构，指的是新闻的内容与构造，也就是新闻作品的谋篇布局问题。2.动态消息，也称"纯新闻"，是最常见的消息类型。动态消息迅速及时的报道国内外正在发生或新近发生的新闻事实，是反映新事物、新情况、新动向的主要的消息体裁。3.综合消息是围绕一个主题思想，从不同侧面概括反映某个事件、问题的全局性情况，或综合报道不同地区、单位具有同类性质又各有特点的多件新闻事实的一种新闻体载。4.速写是通讯的表现形式之一，它的写作特点与绘画的速写一样，重在快速捕捉事实的基础上，对事件经过、轮廓、主要特征或人物事迹的粗线条表现。手法简练，反应迅速，不展开事件，只对其中有个性有特点的部分采用简笔勾勒的方法表现出对象的总体特征。5.观察作为一种新闻采访方式，就是新闻记者对客观事实进行由表及里的察看与思考活动，借以印证与搜集新闻素材与线索。观察中有访问，访问中有观察，通常二者结合。二、单项选择题（每小题1分，共30分）1.B 2.A 3.C 4.A 5.D6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A11.D 12.A 13.D 14.B 15.D16.C 17.B 18.D 19.A 20.C21.B 22.A 23.C 24.D 25.B26.C 27.B 28.A 29.B 30.C三、多项选择题（每小题1分，共10分。多选或少选均不得分）1.ACD 2.BCD 3.ABD 4.BCD 5.ACDE6.BDE 7.ACD 8.ABCE 9.BCDE 10.AB四、简答题（每小题5分，共15分）1.新闻也须有文采，因为，新闻写作讲究文采，适应受众的审美要求，可以使新闻的传播收到更为理想的效果。新闻文采总的特点是：缘事而发，淡中有味。具体表现在以下几个方面：A：叙事突出动感，动作能使叙述增添色彩，又有引人入胜之效。所以，新闻的写作要有文采，就要善于多用充满活力的动词。B：描述富有美感，现实生活本身多姿多彩，反映现实生活的新闻，在写作上也要采取真实而富有美感的描述手法，C：修辞强调实感，新闻作品传播的是新闻事实，任何事实都有它的发生、发展、变化和结局，有前因后果、来龙去脉，形成一个完整的过程。2.（1）通讯中的议论和抒情，要求触景生情，有感而发，即从事实出发，同事实的报道水乳交融。抒情和议论的作用，从内容上说，是为了表现记者的倾向和褒贬，发表记者对事物的看法和主张。从这个意义上说，通讯的倾向性常常明显于消息报道。（2）通讯中抒情和议论的运用，有一个位置经营和数量控制的问题。位置经营即在报道结构中的地位安排。从内容来看，抒情和议论的位置应在高潮之处；从布局来看，则放在大的段落结束时居多。这样，才能有效显示抒情和议论在通讯中的力量，因为新闻写作毕竟以叙述描写为主，与抒情散文和议论文章不同。通讯的抒情和议论文字应当精炼。3.第一：新闻线索也称采访线索、报道线索，它是新闻事实发生的一种信号，是反映事实的简略轮廓或一鳞半爪。新闻线索具有以下特点：1、比较简单，完整性差。新闻线索只是一种片断的情况，只是反映事实的简略轮廓或者一些零碎的材料。2、时间短暂，稳定性低。由于新闻事实的发生和存在，有很多是短暂的，时间一过就会失去价值，新闻线索的出现也常常是短暂的。3、只是信号，有待证实。新闻线索这种信号、征兆，只是表示"发生了什么事".4、反应现象，变动性大。线索是记者看到、听到或触到的某个事物的表面现象，这种现象经过实地了解以后，可能会出现多种变化。第二：发现新闻线索的途径有两条：一是直接途径，即到实际中去，到群众中去。二是间接途径，主要有：1、上级来源。2、书面渠道，这是从书面材料中发现线索。3、社交渠道，这是靠"新闻信息网"提供线索。4、会议渠道，这是记者从各种会议中了解线索。5、传播渠道，这是从新闻媒介的公开报道中引出线索。五、论述题（10分）凡是新闻文体，不论消息报道，还是通讯、特写，在写作上都应当力求新、快、短、活。消息的写作，对此要求尤为严格。1.新：新闻，新闻，新的见闻，所以常说新闻姓"新".这个"新"的界定含义，当然是指事新，即报道的事实要有新的内容和新的意义，而"事新"必须以"时新"为前提，过时的旧闻不成新闻。新闻的写作，要从新近发生或变动的事实着眼，尽可能取材于新事，写出富有新意的内容，着力反映我们时代的新情况、新事物、新经验和新风貌。一般情况下，事情过时已久，即使为人们所未知，也不要冒充新闻来加以报道。新闻写作中对于事例的选择，同样应当喜新厌旧，求近舍远。当然，有些事虽已过去多时，内容仍有新意，这还是可以报道的。新闻要"新"，就要突出新意，而不要使新意被事实的叙述所淹没。2.快：新闻的"新"和"快"，两者是紧密联系在一起的。如果说真实是新闻的第一生命，那么，快，讲究时效，则是新闻的第二生命。新闻写作的快，是指它的急就性，就是要脑子快、笔头快，所谓"倚马可待".广播、电视的现场报道更要出口成章。新闻写作讲究兵贵神速，时间上不能拖延。新闻特性决定写作上要快。因为事实之成为新闻，必须具备两个条件，即内容条件和时间性条件。所谓时间性，是指事实的新近发生和及时传播。现代社会，各方面的节奏在加快，新闻更是首当其冲。新闻的快节奏，涉及采、写、编、播诸多环节。就写作来讲，包括结构形式、表现艺术和语言的使用等等，既保证新闻质量，又能快写快发。3.短：新闻的新与快相连，快又与短分不开，写得短才能写得快，而且短又是新闻的一种优势。短新闻多，还能加大广播、电视节目和报纸上的信息量，而且容易使受众入耳入目，便于人们收看、收听或阅读。怎样才能把新闻写短？（1）直截了当，这就是要提倡简洁、明快的新闻文风，不要转弯抹角或拖泥带水。（2）空话少说，这就是要用事实说话，在写作上坚持"意尽"即"言止".（3）一事一报，这就是一条新闻通常只报道一件实事，不要贪大求全、面面俱到。（4）锤炼语言，这就是要本着经济的原则遣词用字，力求准确而洗练，并符合规范化标准。（5）舍得割"爱"，这就是要有自我删稿的勇气，尽量挤掉稿件中的水分。4.活：新闻写作要求新、快、短。同时还应该求活。写作上的活，是指对事实的反映要生动、活泼，并灵活采取适当的表现形式。新闻写得活，就要注意措词修辞，不可仅是陈词滥调。更重要的是，要写出事物的特点、个性，避免模式化，一般化，这是新闻能不能写活的关键。新闻要写活，生动、鲜活的事实固然是根本，同时还须讲究谋篇布局和语言的使用。新闻的结构，既有一定规律，又忌千篇一律。讲究"高潮在前，精彩为首，""行文避沉闷，宜取跳跃式".六、应用题（20分）
经济应用文写作试题 课程代码：06481一、单项选择题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.经济应用文的不常用句式有（） A.问句 B.祈使句 C.肯定判断句 D.否定判断句 2.制定经营决策的出发点是（） A.有效性 B.科学性 C.决定性 D.系统性 3.______多用第三人称。（） A.总结 B.请示 C.计划 D.调查报告 4.______适用于不相隶属机关之间商洽工作，询问和答复问题，请求批准和答复审批事项。（） A.决定 B.议案 C.会议纪要 D.函 5.______不属于报告的特点。（） A.汇报性 B.时效性 C.陈述性 D.沟通性 6.合同的附则部分不包括（） A.有效期限 B.落款 C.份数 D.补充说明 7.______主要反映本地区、本部门、本单位的日常思想、工作状态。（） A.动态简报 B.会议简报 C.工作简报 D.部门简报 8.“《××学院为教师办实事》”属于______标题。（） A.提问式 B.概括式 C.多行式 D.叙述式 9.信函右下方一般写（） A.结尾 B.祝颂语 C.附件 D.落款 10.______是学术论文价值的体现，是学术论文存在的依据。（） A.科学性 B.创新性 C.实用性 D.时效性二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。 1.______公文标题可省略发文事由。（） A.通报 B.命令 C.函 D.通知 E.公告 2.一份有效合同的订立必须遵循______原则。（） A.合法 B.平等公平 C.诚实信用 D.内容明确 E.双方自愿 3.常见的导语形式有（） A.对比式 B.述评式 C.提问式 D.叙述式 E.描写式 4.汉语函件的格式一般包括（） A.称呼 B.事由 C.正文 D.祝颂语、落款 E.附件 5.凡是用来确立、阐述、证明主旨的______都是材料。（） A.客观事物 B.现象 C.数据 D.观念 E.文件档案 三、修改题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 用规范的修改符号修改下列病句。 1.杨燕的身旁站着她的亲哥哥杨照军，杨照军因贩卖子弹给张君而被同台受审。 2.由于受台风袭击，某乡今年粮食总产量为3000万千克，比去年6000万千克减少了2倍。 3.对有些在上班时间串岗聊天的人，要进行严厉批评，严重的还要在经济上处罚。 4.当前经济领域中的严重犯罪活动，已经和正在破坏我们的干部队伍，破坏我们党，政府及军队的肌体和国家的信誉。 5.青年教师工作热情高，干劲大，这是值得肯定的，但他们所缺乏的，一是理论水平不高，二是实践经验不多。 6.日前，网易、新浪等14家网站联合向全国互联网界发出文明办网倡议书，号召营造健康文明的网络文化环境，清除不健康信息，已成为社会的共同呼唤、家长的强烈要求和保障未成年人的迫切需要。 7.北京远途的游客基本上还是靠文化遗产，而这样的观光旅游如果再深度发展、深度体验就变成文化旅游了。 8.陕西是我国民俗的发祥地，布堆画、麻袋画、豆粘画、剪纸、泥塑等民间工艺丰富多彩，巧夺天工，每每被受到外国人的交口称赞。 9.当今文坛，出现了一些格调不高的作品，这些作品反映了某些作家丧失立场，随波逐流，媚俗竞利。 10.一些城市严禁排气量小于1升的汽车在当地上牌照是错误的，这与国家鼓励小排量汽车、节约能源的政策是相违背的。 四、简答题（本大题共4小题，每小题5分，共20分） 1.经济应用文如何进行材料的处理？ 2.经济活动专题分析报告一般有哪两种类型？ 3.行政公文“通知”，适用于什么情况下使用？ 4.经济评论的写作要求是什么？ 五、案例分析题（本大题10分） 阅读下面函件，回答后面问题。 ××市政府办公室： 从报上得知，你们市的第三产业发展迅猛，成绩显著，我市经济工作的下一步重点就是要大力发展我们的第三产业，所以我们拟于本月15日至18日派主管第三产业的干部到你市学习、取经，希望给予接待。 ××市政府办公室 章 二○○五年一月三日 1.请帮助拟定这则公文的标题。 2.请分析公文正文中存在的问题。 3.请修改公文正文，使之符合公文写作要求。 六、写作题（本大题20分） 阅读下面资料，然后根据这些资料蕴藏的内涵，写一篇有关重塑“七巧”节、挖掘中华传统美德、寻找新商机方面的经济评论。具体内容、角度自拟。 1.近年来，“找回我们的节日”成为一句文化复兴的口号。“我们的节日”是指与我们民族文化血脉相连的传统节日，它不是圣诞节、情人节，也不是其他西方节日。 2.2005年韩国申报端午祭为世界文化遗产的成功，对中国人来说是一个强大的刺激。在媒体的作用之下，中国人突然觉得我们的宝贝被别人抢走了，虽然这令国人心痛，但客观上是促成中国传统节日重新为世人重视的契机，它推动了我们国家文化政策的变化。 3.2006年，国务院发布了第一批非物质文化遗产的名录，把春节、清明、端午、中秋、七夕、重阳等节日列入非物质文化遗产名录之中，传统节日终于成为国家文化遗产。 4.记者采访发现，商家的七夕策划和促销内容跟西方情人节并无二致，“七夕”的概念被雷同和淡化，真正体现民族特色、挖掘“七夕”内在文化内涵的商家很少。对此，浙江师范大学工商管理学院教授徐××分析，如今2月14日的西方情人节已在人们的观念中先入为主了，再把“七夕”节包装成“中国情人节”，一来寓意不是最好，同时又显得与西方情人节重复，使这个节日难以真正地深入人心。怎样挖掘“七夕”的真正内涵，过好“中国情人节”，商家还大有文章可做。 5.“谁能够真正挖掘自己产品和传统节日文化的结合点，谁就将主宰‘中国情人节’消费市场，这也体现了商家在宣扬传统文化上所承担的社会责任。”事实上，七夕节又叫“乞巧节”，起源于汉代，到宋元时期达到鼎盛，当时的庆祝方式丰富多彩，包括女孩穿针引线验巧，做些小物品赛巧，摆上些瓜果乞巧等。因此，徐××认为，众商家不如在“乞巧”文化上多下工夫，或许大有市场潜力可挖
一、 积累运用（46分）（一）按要求回答问题。（11分）1、看拼音写词语（5分）zǔnáo línɡlì kuí wǔ wū rǔ dǐnɡzhì chānɡshèng（阻挠）（伶俐）（魁梧）（侮辱）（定制 ） （昌盛）2、多音字组词。（2分） qiǎnɡ(勉强) chuán(传说) 强 传 jiànɡ(倔强) zhuàn(传记)3、把下面的句子改成拟人句。（1分）天上的星星亮闪闪的。天上的星星悄悄地眨着眼睛，亮闪闪的。4、用修改符号修改病句。（1分）这里的景色对（使）游人着迷。5、用关联词语把下面的两句话合并成一句话。（1分）我们是为人民服务的。我们如果有缺点，就不怕别人批评指正。 因为我们是为人民服务的，所以我们如果有缺点，就不怕别人批评指正。6、把下面的句子补充完整。（1分）春雨就像母亲一样，用甘甜的雨露哺乳着大地。（二）请把正确答案的序号填在括号里。（6分，每小题1分）1、下面带点词语的读音正确的是（4）。（1） 兴高采烈（xīng） （2）情不自禁（jìng）（3）天衣无缝（fēng） （4）工艺精湛（zhàn）2、“世纪宝鼎”的“鼎”一共有（12）。（1）10笔 （2）11笔 （3）12笔 （4）13笔 3、给下面句子的括号里选择正确的词语。（ ）红军在长征途中，经过（严峻）的考验，终于胜利地到达了目的地。（1）严峻 （2）严厉 （3）严酷 （4）严格4、凡卡（与其）在城里受罪，（不如）回到乡下爷爷那儿去。（1）宁可……也不……（2）因为……所以…… （3）即使……也…… （4）与其……不如……5、下面句子正确的是（4）。（1） 面对这突如其来的情况，我们要保持冷清的头脑。（2） 孙爷爷是我们的校外辅导员，他德高望重，受到我们的衷心爱抚。（3） 桑那沉静着，久久地坐在床前。（4） 虽然自己做的书有些粗糙，但是同学们对这些书格外珍爱。6、《卜算子�6�1咏梅》这首词是毛泽东读了南宋爱国诗人陆游的同题词后写的，在词中，毛泽东赞美了梅花（2、3）。（1） 虽然饱经摧残，屡遭打击，但矢志不移。（2） 任凭百花的妒忌与排斥，也不想争艳夺宠，。（3） 不畏艰难险阻，凌寒独放的品格和不居功自傲的精神。（4） 即使粉身碎骨也不改变坚定的信念和坚贞不屈的品格。（三）判断，正确的画“√”，错误的画“×”。（5分，每小题1分）1、“细心是粗心的克星。”这个是比喻句。 （×）2、“我爸爸给我买的书很好看。”可以缩写为“我爸爸很好看。” （×）3、“致之市而忘操之”一句中带点的“之”指的是“量好的尺码”。（×）4、“晚霞把湖水映红了”和“湖水被晚霞映红了”意思一样。 （√）5、“yi shi zhi ri xian ”都是整体认读音节。 （√）（四）填空。（23分）1、试试看，能不能把下面的内容填完整。（2.5分）（1）纸上得来终觉浅，___________ ____________。（2）锲而舍之，______________；锲而不舍，_____ _________。（3）___ ____，审问之, ___ _____，明辩之，笃行之。2、还记得下面的课文吗？按原文填空。（8.5分）（1）白天，他攀山越岭，勘测线路。晚上，他就在油灯下_____ ___，_____ _。为了寻找一条合适的线路，他常常请教当地的农民。遇到困难，他总是想：这是中国人自己修筑的第一条铁路，______________；否则不但惹外国人讥笑，还会使____ ______。（2）奶奶从来没有像现在这样高大，这样美丽。奶奶把小女孩_____ _ _ _，___ ___。她们俩在____ _飞走了。越飞越高，飞到那没有寒冷，没有饥饿，也没有____ ___的地方去了。（3）《示儿》最后一句是：_______ ____；《长歌行》的最后两句是：_______ _____，_______ _______；《七步诗》的最后两句是：____ _____，______ ____。（4）人曰：“何不____ _____？”曰：“宁信度，___ 也。”（5）《出塞》诗：秦时明月汉时关，_______ ___，但使龙城飞将在，____________ ___。3、你积累了多少课文中的好句子？试试看能按要求写出来吗？（4分）（1）《为人民服务》中引用的司马迁的话：“__________________ _______ __。”（2）《向往奥运》中印象最深的句子：___________________ （3）《匆匆》中的一句：_______________________ （4）《_________》的句子：________________________ 4、《将相和》这篇课文，是通过对“__ _____ ________ ____ ___ ”三个小故事的记述，写出了将相之间由和到不和又到和好的经过。（1分）5、介绍小学语文第十二册课本中给你印象最深的一个人的特点： _______ 。（1分）加分题：阅读延伸。（10分）（1）《卖火柴的小女孩》是一篇童话，作者是丹麦的著名作家安徒生，被称为“世界童话之王”。你还读过他的哪些作品___________ _____ _ 。（2分，每写对一个加0.5分）（2）鼎在中国古代的地位独特，中国成语中有许多带“鼎”的成语，你知道吗？请写出四个带“鼎”的成语：______ _____ ____ _______ 。（2分）（3）杜甫一生写了许多诗，流传至今有一千五百余首。请你写出两句课外学习的杜甫的诗句：__________________________________ ____________ （1分）（4）《匆匆》一篇是脍炙人口的散文，围绕“匆匆”二字，细腻刻画了时间流逝的踪迹，表达了作者对虚度时光感到无奈和惋惜。请你写两句珍惜时间的诗句或格言：_____________________________ _______________ _ （2分）（5）《草船借箭》讲的是我国著名的长篇小说《三国演义》中的一个故事。你还知道《三国演义》中的哪些故事呢？请你用简短的语言概述一个故事情节。（3分）二、书房阅读（31分）（一）阅读《卖火柴的小女孩》片段，回答问题。（11分） 她的一双小手几乎(jǐhū、jīhū)冻僵了。啊，哪怕一根小小的火柴，对她也是有好处的!她敢从成把的火柴里抽出一根，在墙上擦燃了，来暖和暖和(nuǎn hé 、nuǎn huo)自己的小手吗？她终于抽出了一根。哧!火柴燃起来了，冒出火焰来了!她把小手拢在火焰上。多么温暖多么明亮的火焰啊，简直像一支小小的蜡烛。这是一道奇异的火光!小女孩觉得自己好像坐在一个大火炉前面，火炉装着闪亮的铜脚和铜把手，烧得旺旺的，暖烘烘的，多么舒服啊!哎，这是怎么回事呢？她刚把脚伸出去，想让脚也暖和一下，火柴灭了，火炉不见了。她坐在那儿，手里只有一根烧过了的火柴梗。1、给加点的词语选择正确的读音，画上“√”。(2分) 2、在画线的句子中应该读重音的词语下面加上“�6�1”。(1分)3、“拢”字用音序查字法，应先查大写字母 ，再查音节 ；用部首查字法，应先查 部，再查 画。 “拢”字在字典里的解释有： ①合上； ②到达； ③总合；④使不松散或不离开；收拢。“她把小手拢在火焰上”的“拢”应选第 种解释。(2.5分)4、写出下面词语的反义词。(1.5分)温暖( ) 明亮( ) 舒服( )5、理解下面句子的意思，选择正确的答案(在括号里填上序号)。(2分)“她敢从成把的火柴里抽出一根，在墙上擦燃了，来暖和暖和自己的小手吗？她终于抽出了一根。”这句话的意思是：( )① 说明小女孩办事不果断，犹豫了好大一会儿才抽出一根火柴。② 说明小女孩舍不得用火柴，因此，不敢果断地抽出一根来暖和自己的小手。③说明小女孩难以忍受寒冷，顾不得会不会挨打，终于抽出了一根火柴。6、这段话里，小女孩的现实处境与幻象中的生活形成强烈的对比，更衬托了小女孩 ，这里表达了作者对小女孩的 。(2分)（二）阅读《将相和》片段，回答问题。（4分） 蔺相如说“秦王我都不怕，会怕廉将军吗？大家知道，秦王不敢进攻我们赵国，就因为武有廉颇，文有蔺相如。如果我们俩闹不和，就会削弱赵国的力量，秦国必然乘机来打我们。我所以避着廉将军，为的是我们赵国啊！”（1）文中的“乘机”具体指什么？（1分）____________________________________________ （2）把划线的句子换一种说法，意思不能改变。（1分）___________________________ （3）读了这段话，你有什么感想？（2分）____________________________________________ （三）阅读短文，完成练习。（6分）怀念小时候 我长大了，已是一个十五岁的少年了。但是我还十分怀念小时侯那个调皮、好奇、胆小、好强的我，怀念那童趣十足的生活，怀念我的那些小伙伴们，怀念小时侯每一个欢乐的场面。 小时侯我很调皮，整天嘻嘻哈哈的疯玩。不是把东家的玻璃打碎了，就是把西家的花草给拔了起来。邻居们都拿我没办法，如果我干了一点调皮的事，他们常摇摇头说，小孩子家嘛不懂事，瞧他那样子也蛮可爱的。不过爸爸是饶不了我的，只要他知道我干了调皮事，我就要挨一顿“竹丝炒肉”了。 小时侯我很好奇。看到别人做什么，我也跟着做什么。甚至看到飞机在天上飞，幼稚的我居然也想跟着一起飞。我还常常问大人们一些“无聊”的问题：“天空为什么是蓝色的？”“天上有多少星星呀？”大人们总是笑着说：“小孩子不懂，长大了就会明白的。”每到这时，我就会大哭大叫“不嘛，我现在就要长大，现在就要长大嘛！” 小时侯我很胆小。每当别人说一些关于“鬼”的故事，就认为世界上真的有“鬼”，害怕到了极点。晚上睡觉时，我就用被子蒙的严严实实的，真的害怕“鬼”把我捉去了。听到别人说“鬼”住在坟上，我就不敢到有坟的地方去。每到清明时，我就大哭大叫的不到坟上去祭祖。 _______________________________________ 小时侯呀，小时侯，你为什么过的那么快。你在我记忆的长河里永远是金色的，美丽的。 （1）“我”小时侯的生活有什么特点？（1分） ___________________________________________ （2）“我”小时侯有什么特点？（1分） __________________________________________ （3）文章中有一段话没写出来，你认为按作者的写法，这段话应该写什么？请在文中的横线上写出第一句。（1分）（4）文中的“竹丝炒肉”是什么意思？（1分） _________________________________________ （5）你怎么理解文章的最后一段话？（2分） _____________ _________ （四）阅读短文，完成练习。（10分）日月潭日月潭在台湾中部，人们可以从台中市乘车前往。日月潭的四周被群山围绕着，中央有一个美丽的小岛——光华岛。（ ）岛的北面像日，南面像月，（ ）人们便称她为日月潭。//游览日月潭很方便。游人可以随自己的兴趣，由水路可以乘游览船，先环湖一周，浏览全湖的景色，然后再到光华岛上畅游一番。游览好光华岛以后，可以改乘汽车或沿潭边步行到文武庙和玄奘寺去。文武庙的建筑庄严雄伟，单是寺门外的一对狮子，就有二十多英尺高，离文武庙不远，便是玄奘寺。寺里供着唐代玄奘发师的灵牌。走累了，可以到潭边那些设备豪华的观光饭店去休息，这时候，又可以享受到日月潭的另一番（安静 肃静 寂静 宁静）的情调。//日月潭简直像人间仙境一样，那儿（ ）环境宁静，（ ）景色怡人。（ ）在早晨 黄昏 晴天或雨天 她（ ）会呈现各种不同的面貌 黎明时，湖面的轻烟还没有散去，隐隐约约地看到天边的晨星和远山的几点灯光。日落的时候，潭水荡漾着美丽的霞光。在艳阳高照的当儿，整个日月潭都清晰地展现在眼前，使人（突然 仍然 竟然 漠然）胸襟开朗起来。蒙蒙细雨的时候，她又好像披上一层薄薄的轻纱，周围的景物都那么朦胧，充满了神秘感。//日月潭永远是那么清新，那么美丽，难怪一年四季游人不绝呢。1、从下面选择恰当的关联词语填到文中的（ ）里。（3分） 既然……就…… 不光……也…… 不但……而且…… 即使……也…… 因为……所以…… 无论……都……2、把文中括号里不合适的词划掉。（2分）3、给文中划线的句子加上标点符号。（2分）4、第四自然段的第一句话把前后两段连接起来，使文章意思连贯，这个句子叫（ ）句，在文中起（ ）作用。（1分）5、根据作者的介绍及自己的感受，写出日月潭四季游人不绝的原因。（2分）三、习作天地（二选一）（30分）1、文题：让我 的一个人要求：(1)把题目补充完整。可以写你喜欢的、尊敬的、崇拜的、难忘的一个人，也可以写你讨厌的、不高兴的一个人。(2)用一两件事写出人物语言、动作、神态等特点。(3)书写工整，卷面整洁，不少于500字。2、六年的小学生活即将结束。回顾这六年的生活，你一定会有许多感慨，或高兴，或得意，或自豪，或遗憾，或后悔，或困惑……如果你能再做一回小学生，你将会怎样呢？请你以《如果，我能再做一回小学生》为题，写一篇500字左右的文章。
全国2008年1月新闻采访写作试题参考答案及解析一,单项选择题(本大题共25小题,每小题1分,共25分)1,答案:D (P11)【解析】徐宝璜的是《新闻学大意》;邹韬奋是伴有《大众生活》等报刊;戈公振是著有《中国报学史》.故选D.点评:考查了新闻史上著名文献的相关知识点.考生识记该内容.2,答案:C(P6)【解析】新闻活动领域作为认识和反映实际的两种专业手段,新闻采访和新闻写作.由此可以推出,新闻采访是认识的专业手段.故选C.点评:考查了新闻采访与新闻写作的关系.考生理解记忆.3,答案:B (P24)【解析】记者的采访讲求时效,往往受到时间的限制,并且对于突发性事件,更要求快采快写.这种特点就具有突发性.点评:考查了新闻采访的特点.考生识记内容.4,答案:A (P42)【解析】实事求是,是新闻采访的基本指导思想,也是一条重要的采访原则.点评:考查了记者采访要遵守原则的重要性.属于识记内容.5,答案:B (P55)【解析】专业记者是专门采访报道某一行业或某一战线的记者.而地方记者是新闻单位派往某地的常驻记者;特派记者是新闻单位为某项重要的特别任务派遣的记者;机动记者是直属总编辑或总编办公室领导,负责重大新闻和重大典型的采写.点评:考查了新闻记者的不同分工.考生区别理解.6,答案:C (P65)【解析】记者要以新闻宣传为己任,时刻注意发现新闻线索,不失时机地进行采访报道.这样才有存在的价值.因此,及时采写新闻是记者的首要任务.点评:考查记者的任务知识点.考生识记该内容.7,答案:D (P87)【解析】新闻敏感是记者能敏锐地发现和捕捉新闻的一种特有的素质,是一种职业敏感.因此,在西方被称为"新闻鼻".点评:考查了新闻敏感的概念.属于识记内容.8,答案:A (P99)【解析】新闻线索也称为报道线索,是新闻事实发生的一种信号和征兆.故而,新闻的发现往往是从它的线索开始的.点评:考查新闻线索的重要性.考生识记.9,答案:A(P105)【解析】记者在报道新闻的时候,也要考虑一个后果就是这则新闻对社会将会产生什么样的效果.因此,这就不得不考虑国家新闻政策了.点评:考查了新闻选择的标准.10,答案:B (P122)【解析】新闻采访比一般社会调查具有更大的难度表现在:一是记者要在有限时间内,了解清楚事情的真相,二是采访有多向人际交往关系,三是采访涉及的范围广泛,内容复杂,记者的知识随时需要更新补充,认识能力也要不断提高.因此,选B.点评:考查新闻采访与一般社会调查的区别.11,答案:C (P129)【解析】间接准备是也叫平时准备,指的是不以某一次采访活动为目的的经常性准备.其它三项都是属于临时准备,也即是指以完成一次具体报道任务为目的的采访前准备.点评:考查了采访前做准备工作的类型划分.12,答案;D (P144)【解析】选择采访对象,首先要选择最熟悉情况的人,这有助于说明事情的真实性.当然新闻当事人是最了解情况的了.故而选D.点评:考查了新闻采访中选择,了解采访对象的相关知识点.考生识记.13,答案:D (P153)【解析】直接向采访对象提问,是获得新闻素材的主要手段.提问是否成功,在很大程度上决定着采访的成败.点评:考查了采访前的临时准备工作对提问的考虑.14,答案:C (P267)【解析】新闻写作是在采访的基础上所进行的一种新闻实践活动,其理论知识来自实践经验的总结和提高.因此,新闻采访是新闻写作的基础.点评:考查了新闻采访与新闻写作的关联性.考生理解记忆.15,答案:B (P285)【解析】新闻改革初期,《天津日报》率先提出"抓活鱼"是讲求新闻时效的一种形象化比喻,目的是要让报纸上的新闻,如同活蹦乱跳的鲜鱼上市,这在当时很有针对性.点评:考查新闻要新于写作.16,答案:B (P310)【解析】讲新闻主题,着重讲狭义的主题,这就是具有倾向性较强,记者对所报道的事实的态度和观点较为鲜明,而且往往有的放矢并起着舆论导向作用.点评:考查了新闻的主题确定的相关知识点.17,答案:B (P326)【解析】凡是对新闻写作有用的材料都是属于新闻事实的.点评:考查新闻选材的相关知识点.考生理解记忆.18,答案:A (P347)【解析】新闻语言客观特色中,中性词并不直露记者感情,褒贬词则明显表现爱憎倾向.新闻写作,一般多用中性词,少用褒贬词,以求客观地叙述事实.点评:考查新闻语言的特色要求.考生识记.19,答案:D (P374)【解析】消息是新闻写作最基本,最重要的一种体裁,也是新闻传播媒介经常大量采用的主要报道形式.点评:考查消息的写作及重要性.考生识记.20,答案:B (P382)【解析】在西方新闻界,把消息分类为软新闻,硬新闻,纯新闻.软新闻的重要性不如硬新闻,它主要是趣味性浓厚的报道,而硬新闻指的是重要的公众事件的报道.点评:考查了新闻中的消息分类知识点.考生理解记忆.21,答案:C (P396)【解析】述评性消息以报道事实为主,排除A和D;述评结合,排除B;故选C,夹叙夹议符合述评消息的特点.点评:考查了述评类消息的特点.考生识记.22,答案:D (P400)【解析】一事一报是指一篇消息中集中报道一件新闻事实,即紧紧抓住最有新闻价值的核心事实,简明扼要的加以报道.这主要是以短,快取胜.点评:考查了消息的写作要领.考生识记.23,答案:B (P440)【解析】导语是"寸土寸金之地",其主要是对新闻全文的总的提纲挈领.点评:考查了导语的作用知识.考生识记.24,答案:A(P461)【解析】消息的主题是消息写作中必须有的部分,而这部分又称"新闻躯干",是一篇消息最基本,最重要的组成部分.点评:考查了消息的构成部分知识点.考生识记.25,答案:C (P476)【解析】B答案知识背景是指关于专有名词,术语的解释,有关知识的介绍等背景材料.A,D答案是用来混淆的词语.只有C答案社会背景指关于时代政治背景,国际形势,社会条件等背景材料.点评:考查了背景材料的知识点.考生区分理解记忆.二,多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)26,答案:ACD (P46)【解析】根据采访活动中考虑到该去不该去,该采访或不该采访,当行则行,当止则止的原则去思考回答.点评:考查了新闻采访原则的相关知识点.考生理解记忆.27,答案:BDE (P227)【解析】吃透"上头"就必须经常关心形势,大局和社会动向,根据当前党和政府工作的全貌和发展趋势,根据此来展开理解.点评:考查报道思想中内容的上下结合知识点.考生理解记忆.28,答案:ACE (P192)【解析】现场观察,事前观察是记者对某一事物变动前所做的观察;同步观察是事物变动的同时,记者在现场实地进行观察;时候观察是指事件发生后的观察.这些都属于现场观察.点评:考查现场观察的有关知识点.考生识记.29,答案:ABCDE (P305)【解析】新闻边缘体裁包括报告文学,调查报告,采访札记,工作研究,来信.点评:考查新闻体裁的演进和规范.考生区别理解.30,答案:ABDE (P398)【解析】消息的写作要有时效观念,这就要讲求时效;以短,以快取胜;体现新闻根据;合乎时宜等.故而得出答案ABDE.点评:考查消息写作要领.考生理解运用.三,名词解释题(本大题共4小题,每小题3分,共12分)31,答案:(P57)特约记者是新闻单位为某项重要的采写任务约请外单位的同志来完成而给以的称号.【解析】特约记者与特派记者相同,根据此去共同理解回答.他特约记者不同与一般的通讯员,他们采写的稿件一般比较重要.点评:考查特约记者的含义.考生识记.32,答案:(P99)新闻线索也称采访线索,报道线索,它是新闻事实发生的一种信号和征兆,是反映事实的简略轮廓或一鳞半爪.【解析】新闻线索不等于新闻事实,但它往往显示已经或将要发生什么样的新闻.根据此去理解回答.点评:考查知识点新闻线索.考生识记.33,答案:(P240)采访的"透视"法,也叫抓本质,这就是要透过客观事物错综复杂的表面现象,下一番去粗取精,去伪存真,由此及彼,由表及里的功夫,认清事物内在的规律性,并实事求是地从中提出具有指导意义的思想观点.【解析】回答此问题时首先根据字面意思去理解,抓住"透视"二字结合新闻内容来展开回答.点评:考查了新闻的在开掘新闻上的特点和方法.考生理解记忆.34,答案:(P333)所谓"新闻结构",指的是新闻内容的组合与构造,也就是新闻作品的谋篇布局问题.【解析】抓住"结构"二字结合新闻来理解回答.点评:考查了新闻结构的知识点.考试识记.四,简答题(本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分)35,答案:(P88)1,判断某个事实能否引起读者(听众,观众)兴趣的能力.2,判断同一新闻事件的许多事实中,哪个最重要,哪个最次之的能力.3,判断某一个线索是否可能导致重大新闻发现的能力.4,判断在已发表的新闻中,哪些同记者收集到的情况有关,从而发现更重要的新闻的能力.【解析】根据新闻敏感对新闻写作的作用来理解回答.点评:考查新闻敏感的相关知识点.考生理解记忆.36,答案:(P212)观察离不开眼睛,更离不开大脑.要使眼睛和大脑同时发挥作用,结合用眼睛看,有意识地思考和感受,这样,才能使观察取得应有的成效,并具有一定的深度.通过现场观察,记者看到了血多事实,要想真正理解这些事实的意义,不能不有一个反复考虑的过程,把表面现象升华到理性认识.因此,在观察中,记者要把亲眼目睹的许多事实,看成是一个大的网络.在这个网络中,它们互相依存,互为因果,需要记者经过立体的多维思考,去进一步辨别它,这对穿透力极强的一些深度报道尤为重要.【解析】根据现场观察的作用结合新闻知识来理解回答.点评:考查现场观察的相关知识点.考生理解记忆.37,答案:(P347)1,客观,在表述,表达事实的新闻语言中,选词造句的客观性.2,确切,用词准确,贴切.3,简练,新闻语言简洁,洗练,干净利落.4,朴实,语言质朴无华,具体实在.5,通俗,就是深入浅出,浅显明白,大家容易懂,具有社会通用性.【解析】根据对新闻写作的要求来回答对语言特色的要求.点评:考查了新闻语言特色的相关知识点.考生识记.五,简单应用题(本大题共2小题,第38小题10分,第39小题8分,共18分)38,答案:(P152)1,确定采访目的:自考毕业生找工作难的现状和原因.2,确定采访对象:(1)张三;(2)自考毕业生;(3)在校自考老师;(4)某大学就业办指导中心3,确定采访方式:现场采访,问卷调查,点面结合方式.4,提问提纲:(1)对张三:你面试的经历(包括面试多少次,失败多少次,面试的单位性质),自己对面试失败的总结.(2)对自考毕业生:面试的经历,对未来自己就业的想法.(三)对在校自考老师:目前自考生队伍的现状,对未来自考生是增多还是减少的一个预测.(4)对就业办:目前自考生就业情况,来校招聘的单位对自考生的看法及要求.【解析】按照拟定采访的要求,结合题意中的新闻线索,制定合理采访计划.本答案仅作参考,考生的答案可以不拘一格,但要围绕自考生就业难这一主题.点评:考查新闻采访准备工作相关知识点,考生学会简单应用.39,答案:(P454)下述新闻导语属于间接导语的引用式导语.其定义是导语中引述新闻人物富有特色,情趣的语言,或是引用成语,典故,故事,诗词,谚语,民谣,以及名人名言等,借以点明新闻主题或衬托新闻事实.引用式导语的特征是往往能使消息富有文采,或是洋溢浓郁的生活气息,令人读来津津有味,使读者产生亲切感,新闻事实的意义会被映衬得更加突出,新闻主题的表达也会更有力量.这是激发读者浓厚阅读兴趣的一招.【解析】根据间接导语的引用式导语来理解回答.点评:考查新闻导语的写作的分类.考生简单应用.六,综合应用题(本大题共1小题,20分)40,(1)用新华社电头:新华社北京8月30日电,写成"今日新闻.导语要突出新闻中最重要的事实:全国人大常委会于2007年8月30日表决通过的突发事件应对法,将自2007年11月1日执行.该法的制定为了预防和减少突发事件的发生,控制,减轻和消除突发事件引起的严重社会危害,规范突发事件应对活动,保护人民生命财产安全,维护国家安全,公共安全,环境安全和社会秩序.写总结式导语.(2)主体部分可以按事实重要性或受关注的程度依次递减的次序,先主后次地安排事实材料,也可以按照时间顺序来写.(3)恰当运用背景材料.不能过多地罗列背景材料.(4)表达准确,通顺;没有错别字和标点失误.本题主要考查:根据给出的新闻事实材料,按新闻报道的基本要求写作一篇电讯稿点评:本知识点是每年必考的应用题型,考生必须十分熟练掌握此种应用题型,并灵活运用到各实际操作中去.试题规律总结:1,新闻采访与新闻写作考查的比例相差不是很大,几乎各占一半.2,在上篇新闻采访中,考查的主要题型为选择题和简答题,重点考查章节为第三章和第四章,而第五章没有涉及到考点.3,在下篇新闻写作中,重点考查第五章消息的写作知识,要着重复习本章.其次,第六,七,八章在考题中未涉及有知识点,考生复习时候要抓住要点.
个人建议：如果自己没有写作的经验还不如找家新闻传播机构代笔，就像“ 文芳阁传媒 ”这样的网络公关公司，是按字数收费的，500字50元、1000字100元，写好后还可以付点费用让他们把你的软文广告发布在各大媒体上呢。
2017年的英语自学考试写作基础试题大家有做过吗?下面是我给大家整理的2017英语自学考试写作基础试题，供大家参阅!
I.重写句子(15 points, 1.5 points each)
Rewrite each of the following sentences according to the requirement in brackets.
Example: The history of English words is the history of our civilization in many ways. (periodic
sentence) 1. Queues will likely be long this summer at the airport. Families head abroad for their summer holidays. (complex sentence)
2. Although the rain clouds are gathering in the distance, they still insist on meeting in the park. (simple sentence)
3. No farmer would dare invest in anything new without being certain that the government officials stand behind it.(periodic sentence)
4. The loan model offers some unbelievably cheap loans and allows a short payback period. (compound sentence)
5.Because the hotel receptionist beat the thief severely, both the receptionist and the thief were arrested. (simple sentence)
6. Tighter restrictions on animal transports have forced farmers to consider transporting their herds by cargo plane instead of lorry as a way to comply with animal welfare requirements. (complex sentence)
7. The Great Wall is the world’s longest human-made structure, stretching over approximately 6,400 km from Shanhaiguan in the east to Jiayuguan in the west, along an arc roughly drawing the southern edge of Inner Mongolia. (compound-complex sentence)
8. By the Spring and Autumn Period, which began around the 8th century BC, the Chinese had learned the techniques of wall-building. (loose sentence)
9. Susan knows business management very well. She has got many years’ work experience in business administration. (compound sentence)
10. Oprah Winfrey’s own story is an inspiration. She overcame almost every obstacle that a person might face. (compound-complex sentence)
Ⅱ.修改病句 (15 points,3 points each)
Correct the errors in the following sentences.
Example: After seeing an offensive mouthwash ad on television. I resolved never to buy that
brand again.
11. A new blouse in a fashionable color can update an old outfit; in contrast, adding dramatic jewelry or an attractive scarf can make an old outfit seem new.
12. Judging by Meg’s party, her parents are irresponsible. First of all, there is no adult supervision, for example, wine and beer are served.
13. He said that they should make full use of the water power of the river. And that a small reservoir should be built.
14. My hometown is closer to Beijing than Shijiazhuang.
15. After correcting all the mistakes, the second draft of the paper was much better than the first. Ⅲ.辨认主题句 (15 points, 5 points each)
16. Choose the best topic sentence from the four options below. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.
A. Some political parties have adopted animals to represent them.
B. Cars are given animal names to make consumers associate them with speed and grace.
C. Many professional sports teams, such as the Tigers and Rams, have chosen animal names to suggest power.
D. Many people in the world hold animals in such high regard that they use animals’ names for their organizations and products.
17. Read the following paragraph and write the topic sentence on the Answer Sheet.
We are on our way to becoming a cashless, checkless society, a trend that began with the credit card. Now some banks are offering “debit cards” instead of credit cards. The costs of purchases made with these cards are deducted from the holder’s bank account instead of being added to a monthly bill. And checking accounts, which are mainly used for paying bills, are going electronic. Now some people can make computer transactions over their pushbutton phones to pay bills by transferring money from their account to the account of whomever they owe. Soon we may be able to conduct most of our business without signing a check or actually seeing the money we earn and spend.
18. Read the following paragraph and choose the best topic sentence from the four options that follow. Write the corresponding letter of your choice on the Answer Sheet.
Cutting down on your responsibilities is one way to minimize stress in your life. You can also relax yourself by breathing deeply, rather than taking light, shallow breaths. Peaceful music is also soothing if you focus your attention on it and consciously disregard distracting thoughts. Another good way to release
tension is to exercise regularly, which, rather than tiring you out, builds energy and endurance.
A. Stress has several harmful effects, so you must minimize them.
B. There are several ways you can reduce stress in your life.
C. Cutting down on responsibilities lessens stress.
D. You can relax by breathing deeply.
Ⅳ.重新组合段落 (5 points, l point each)
19. Rearrange the following sentences so that they read logically. Write the corresponding letters in a proper sequence on the Answer Sheet. The positions of some sentences have been given.
A. After several conversations with salespeople, she then buys what she came into the store for in the first place, but all the while, my father has been reading a mystery in the car.
B. My father has grown to hate stores of all kinds.
C. My mother, on the other hand, has a somewhat more complicated approach.
D. As she does so, she draws up two mental lists-one of items that she can afford and the other of items she cannot.
E. His view is that one should go into a store, buy what one came for, and leave.
F. While she believes that one should enjoy oneself as much as possible while shopping, my father feels enjoyment and shopping are two different things.
G. She prefers to look carefully over every single item in the store.
Ⅴ. 划掉与段落内容无关的句子 (10 points, 5 points each)
20. Read the following paragraph and write the TWO irrelevant sentences on the Answer Sheet. Studies reveal that people’s first names can have influence on them. Clearly, Chinese names are quite different. Some names reflect on people in a positive way. For example, one survey showed that American men consider the name Susan to be sexy. And participants in a British study thought Tony to be the name of someone very friendly. However, other names can have a negative impact. In one study, for instance, teachers gave lower grades to essays supposedly written by boys named Hubert and Elmer than to the very same essays when they were credited to boys with more popular names. Another study found that girls with unpopular names did worse on IQ and achievement tests than girls with more appealing names. So IQ and achievement tests are important and necessary in studying names.
Ⅵ. 写信 (40 points)
21. Suppose you (Wang Lin) have finished your study, during which Professor Li helped you a lot both in your study and in your life. Write a letter to thank him. Tell him with examples that you have learned a lot from him in terms of knowledge and positive attitude towards difficulties. And
also tell him that with what you have learned from him, you have got a good job in a company or you have started your own business. (150-200 words)
I. Write an outline. (20 points)
Read the following passage carefully and compose a “sentence outline” for it.
Styles of Dress as Reflections of Social Conditions
Something that becomes very apparent when we study the topic of fashion is that clothes and style are related to so much more than merely an individual’s appearance. For thousands of years, fashion and style have been primary indicators about a person’s social status, sexuality, wealth, individuality, and overall personality attributes.
In the 20th century alone, each decade has been marked by distinctly different manners for dress for both men and women. Our Halloween tradition exemplifies this very clearly with “costumes” such as a 1920’s “flapper girl” and the 1960’s “hippie.” With deeper consideration, however, these differing fashion styles can be viewed as representative of the related social conditions occurring at the time.
As stated by Pasacoe, “The fashion of the 1920’s reflected the Jazz Age perfectly. It was made for fast automobiles and Charlestondance. For the first time in western fashion the knee was socially acceptable.” Although there are many theories regarding what causes fashion to change, the fact that social climate is reflected in styles of dress has a great deal of support. Perhaps the reason why so much change occurred in women’s dress in the early decades of the century is that so many changes occurred regarding women’s roles and fights within that same time frame.
Another decade in which fashion was strongly indicative of the underlying social conditions is the turbulent 1960’s. One of the most noted developments accredited to this decade is the introduction of the miniskirt. Many social historians relate the introduction of the miniskirt to the introduction of the birth control pill. Women became sexually liberated and the “free love” era began. These miniskirts came to symbolize the new liberation for women and the ssocial climate of the decade. As stated in Vogue at the end of the decade, “The length of your skirt is how you feel this moment.”
Towards the end of the 1960's, younger generations were rejecting the establishment and rejecting the idea of high fashion along with it. Students wore long hair, faded denim jeans, and flamboyant patterns. Many wore combat jackets and surplus shirts to anti-war rallies. As Hoeymaker stated, “By the end of the decade, cheap, flamboyant clothes became expensive designer labels. The hippie style became high fashion; in fact ‘anti-fashion’ became the biggest fashion of all.” In this case, clothes became a form of protest.
Overall, there are countless examples of how fashion is influenced by the social climate of the times. Over the past thousands of years, the socially “appropriate” styles of dress for men and women have varied tremendously. Regardless of what exactly constituted“stylish” fashion during any given time period, one thing that remains constant is that fashion has always been a significant aspect of one's life and the time in which they lived.
II. Supply the missing paragraph. (20 points)
The following passage is incomplete with one body paragraph missing. Study the passage carefully and write the missing paragraph in about 100 words. Make sure that your tone and diction are in unity with the passage provided.
Say No to Blind Optimism
“Is the glass half full or half empty?" This question is often asked to determine whether someone
is an optimist or a pessimist. In my view, even though we need to see the glass half full, we cannot deny the fact that the glass is also half empty. Having a healthy proportion of expectations makes us more realistic. Blind optimism, however, may foster delusions, result in frustrations and spoil relationships.
We all long for accomplishments, but sometimes we overstress the positive outcome of our effort and waste our time with glori ous plans that will never work. We indulge ourselves in delusions and impractical dreams. We fail to see that blind optimism only gives us false promises and clouds our sense of judgment. Ambition without clear directions cannot lead to a victorious experience. We need to understand that wishful thinking and delusions won’t work.
______________________________________________________________________________ ______________________________________________________________________________ Balanced optimism helps us to develop healthy relationships whereas blind optimism destroys them. One of the reasons for short-lived friendships is that we tend to expect too much of our friends. However, they may not always live up to our expectations. This gives rise to disappointment and misunderstanding. Friendships or relationships consequently turn sour. Some relationships may be seriously affected, with all parties experiencing much pain. A more realistic outlook helps us to understand human limitations, show more consideration for others and prevent excess expectations. To sum up, blind optimism does more harm than good and should be discarded. Saying no to blind optimism means we can fly but we fly with the safest bet, with the parachute, so that we don’t drop hard. It proves our ability to accept weaknesses and strive for the best. It gives us second options in our lives and alleviates the pains and disappointments that life imposes on us. This holistic attitude, accepting both positive and negative sides, will make us stronger and more mature. After all, a lotus is a beautiful flower that blossoms out of the mud.
IlI. Compose an essay. (60 points)
Some people enjoy playing sports individually while others love to play in groups. Which do you prefer? Write a 300-word expository essay stating your reasons.