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自考大专入学考试试卷及答案

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自考大专入学考试试卷及答案

【免费定制个人学历提升方案和复习资料: 】自考大专不需要入学考试,自考没有学历限制,每个人都可以报考,你可以先从专科开始,或者没有专科证也可以先参加自考本科的考试,就是将来在申请本科时要先出示专科毕业证,所以就要先拿到一个专科毕业证并且在本科前毕业,这是自考的硬性规定。自考大专下方免费学历提升方案介绍: 2019年10月自考11748商务运营管理真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:367.44KB 2019年04月自考02356数字信号处理真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:317.96KB自考/成考考试有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考考试当地政策,点击底部咨询猎考网,免费获取个人学历提升方案:

【免费定制个人学历提升方案和复习资料: 】成人自考大专有什么题目?1、单项选择题单项选择题在多数的考试中都会出现,大部分题目内容较基础。这种题目一般分值较高,分数占比高。单选可以说是所有题型中运气成分最高的,一般题目仅提供4个选项,选出正确的一项即可。2、多项选择题多项选择题有一大特点,既题目正确答案的数量不固定,这会给考生的选择造成极大的困扰,诸多的干扰选项很容易造成选择错误。3、名词解释要求考生对所考科目的一些名词作出解释,这些名词一般是基本概念或术语。4、解答题一般的简答题要求考生根据题目分点作答,层次分明,架构明朗。5、论述题论述题一般卷面分比较高,没有统一的答案,可以说是让考生自由发挥的题型。主要考验的是大家在基础知识之外的延伸能力,题目的内容可以是关于社会时事、历史旧闻、政治方针等。成人自考大专下方免费学历提升方案介绍: 2013年01月自考00721基本乐理真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:1179.92KB 201810自考00161财务报表分析(一)真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:706.69KB自考/成考考试有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考考试当地政策,点击底部咨询猎考网,免费获取个人学历提升方案:

自考大专主要有选择题、填空题、名词解释、简答题和论述题这几种主要题型。有些专业的试题会增加判断题和填空题,英语类试卷还有翻译题和作文题,而数理类考试大多会有计算题。自学考试中的试题大多分为客观题和主观题,其考察学生不同方面的能力,其中客观题的单项分值低,而主观题单项分值高,大家在复习的时候一定要有所侧重。1.选择题:是比较常见的题型,主要是考查考生的记忆、理解、判断、推理分析,等多种能力。2.填空题:在个别考试科目中出现,并不常用。主要是核考生准确记忆的“再现”能力。无论有几个空,回答都应明确、肯定,不能含糊其辞。因此考前对最基本的知识、概念、原理等要牢记。3.名词解释:这种题型一般针对学科中的基本概念、专业名词进行命题。主要考核考生的识记、理解能力。答题时答案要简明、概括、准确,如分值较大,可简要扩展。4.简答题:一般围绕基本概论、原理及其联系进行命题。着重考核考生对概念、史实、原理的掌握、辨别和理解能力。答题技巧:在答简答题时,既不能像名词解释那样简单,也不能像论述题那样长篇大论,答案要有层次性,列出要点,并加以简要扩展就可以。5.论述题:一般从试卷编制的全局出发,能从体现考试大纲中的重点内容和基本问题的角度来命题。着重考核考生分析、解决实际问题的能力,考核考生综合应用能力和创见性。自考/专升本有疑问、不知道自考/专升本考点内容、不清楚当地自考/专升本考试政策,点击底部咨询官网,免费获取个人学历提升方案:

自学考试入学试卷及答案

全国2008年4月高等教育自学考试基础会计学试题课程代码:00041一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1.明确会计工作空间范围的基本前提是( C)A.会计主体 B.持续经营C.会计分期 D.货币计量2.复式记账法是对每项经济业务都以相等的金额在两个或两个以上账户中进行登记,其登记的账户一定是(C)A.资产类账户 B.权益类账户C.相互关联的账户 D.总分类账户和明细分类账户3.某企业10月末负债总额1500万元。11月份收回应收账款150万元存入银行,用银行存款偿还应付账款200万元,预付购货款100万元。该企业11月末负债总额为(A)A.1300万元 B.1350万元C.1600万元 D.1850万元4.通过试算平衡能够发现的错误是(D)A.重记经济业务 B.漏记经济业务C.借贷方向相反 D.借贷金额不等5.下列项目中,不属于期间费用的是(A)A.制造费用 B.管理费用C.财务费用 D.营业费用6.在实地盘存制下,甲材料期初结存成本为2000元,本期购进材料成本为5000元,期末盘存材料成本为4000元,本期发出材料成本为(B)A.2000元 B.3000元C.4000元 D.6000元7.“本年利润”账户的期末贷方余额表示(B)A.本期实现的净利润 B.本年累计实现的净利润C.本期实现的利润总额 D.本年累计实现的利润总额8.按照账户的用途和结构分类,“累计折旧”账户属于(A)A.调整账户 B.盘存账户C.集合分配账户 D.计价对比账户9.下列会计凭证中,属于原始凭证的是(C)A.收款凭证 B.科目汇总表C.收料单 D.银行存款余额调节表10.下列经济业务中,应编制转账凭证的是(D)A.预付保险费 B.收回应收账款C.支付借款利息 D.应付投资者利润11.损益类账户期末结转后应(A)A.无余额 B.有贷方余额C.有借方余额 D.借方、贷方均有余额

可以自己百度可以搜一下自考基础会计学真题,蛮多科目都有的,但是是全国的,不知道你是哪个省份,可不可以用

这科目我年前考了80多分,电脑里面只有题目,答案大多数我自己做的,而且在家里唉,要晚上才有。你周末考试现在才看啊

可通过省教育考试院官方网站查询。自考试题及参考答案考生可通过省教育考试院官方网站查询,或报考的市(州)、县(市、区)招生考试机构、学校自考办查询考试成绩。

自考大专入学考试试卷及答案英语

人家这都是钱的东西你以为自己是谁别人会送给你?

这个可没有答案,这是违规的,考试还是靠自己的知识。

考试计划:

高等教育自学考试的开考专业,一般应在普通高等学校的专业目录中选择确定。专业考试计划的内容包括:指导思想、培养目标与基本要求、学历层次与规格、考试课程与学分、实践性环节学习考核要求、主要课程说明、指定或推荐教材及参考书、其他必要的说明等。专业考试计划实行课程学分制。

自学考试专业的课程设置分为:

1、公共基础课:所有专业或者同类专业应考者都必须参加的课程。如《马克思主义基本原理概论》、《中国近代史纲要》、《英语(二)》、《政治经济学》等。公共课虽然不一定同所学专业有直接联系,但它是培养德、智、体全面发展人才,为进一步学习其他内容提供方法论不可少的课程。

2、专业基础课:该专业考生要学习的基础理论、基本知识和基本技能的课程。基础课是为了应考者掌握专业的知识,学习专业的科学技术,发展我们有关能力打下基础。像工商企业管理(本)专业中的《管理学原理》和电子商务专业的《电子商务基础与应用》这类的,就属于基础课了。

以上内容参考:百度百科--成人自考

全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 英语国家概况试题 课程代码:00522 I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each) 1. Strictly speaking, “the British Isles” refers to_______. A. Great Britain B. Ireland C. the United Kingdom D. Great Britain and Ireland 2. Which of the following kings was responsible for the complete establishment of the feudal system in England? A. Edward I B. Henry II C. Alfred the Great D. William the Conqueror 3. The spirit of the Great Charter was ______. A. a limitation of the powers of the king B. a guarantee of the freedom of the serfs C. a limitation of the powers of the Church D. a declaration of equality among all people 4. Which of the following is NOT true about the result of the Black Death? A. Much land was left untended. B. There was a terrible shortage of labour. C. The surviving peasants had lost their power of bargaining. D. Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming. 5. The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between ______. A. Britain and France B. the Parliament and the Crown C. the working people and the aristocrats D. two branches of the Plantagenet family 6. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finest expression in the so-called ______. A. Romantic poetry B. Romantic fiction C. Elizabethan poetry D. Elizabethan drama 7. British constitutional monarchy is a system under which the powers of the ______ are limited by Parliament or the constitution. A. church B. king or queen C. government ministers D. Bishop’s court 8. The Tories in Britain were the forerunners of ______, which still bears this nickname today. A. the Labor Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Conservative Party D. the Social Democratic Party 9. Which of the following was NOT included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement? A. Equal electoral districts B. Voting by secret ballot C. The vote for all adult males D. The vote for all adult females 10. During the First World War, Britain was allied with ______. A. Turkey B. the Central Powers C. France and Russia D. Germany and Austria-Hungary 11. Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War? A. George VI B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Neville Chamberlain D. Sir Winston Churchill 12. The new policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as ______. A. Thatcherism B. the New Deal C. New Frontier D. Keynesianism 13. Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken only once between 1649 and 1660. A. Cabinet B. Parliament C. Monarchy D. Privy Council 14. Who has the power to appoint the Prime Minister in Britain? A. The Queen B. The Parliament C. The House of Lords D. The Church of England 15. In Britain, a full meeting of ______ is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry. A. the Privy Council B. the Parliament C. the House of Commons D. the House of Lords 16. Which of the following is NOT involved in the British judicial responsibilities? A. Attorney General B. Ministry of Justice C. The Lord Chancellor D. The Home Secretary 17. Bank holidays in Britain refer to ______. A. official public holidays B. holidays for the banks only C. public holidays except for the banks D. holidays for the financial institutions only 18. Which statement about the British universities is NOT true? A. They enjoy academic freedom. B. They cannot appoint their own staff. C. They are governed by royal charters. D. They provide their own courses and award their own degrees. 19. ______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century. A. Basketball B. Tennis C. Football D. Baseball 20. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______. A. the Prime Minister B. the Lord Chancellor C. the Home Secretary D. the Attorney General 21. Which statement about the Puritans is NOT true? A. The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. B. The Puritans were poor artisans and unskilled peasants. C. They were dissatisfied with the political corruption in England. D. They went to the United States to establish what they considered the true church. 22. The largest racial and ethnic minority in the U.S. is the ______, which accounts over 12.1% of the population. A. blacks B. Asians C. Indians D. Hispanics 23. The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are ______. A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams 24. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called ______. A. the Southern States of America B. the Federalist States of America C. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America 25. With the development of industry and extension of railroad network in the early 20th century in the U.S.A., there appeared ______. A. a rapid growth of cities B. an influx of foreign goods C. an increase of urban ghettos D. a great increase in the number of farms 26. In the early 19th century, ______ actively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop monopolistic business mergers in the United States. A. J.P. Morgan B. Woodrow Wilson C. Henry Rockefeller D. Theodore Roosevelt 27. The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American ______. A. religious intolerance B. intolerant nationalism C. Progressive Movement D. deregulation of big trusts 28. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist, but the ______ suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into the Second World War. A. Pearl Harbor attack B. bombing of Guam island C. seizing of American merchant ships D. sinking of American passenger ships 29. In 1962, President ______ finally decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from entering Cuba and demanded Soviet removal of the missiles there. A. Nixon B. Truman C. Johnson D. Kennedy 30. In 1853, in the ______, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.A. A. Atlantic Purchase B. Mexican Purchase C. Gadsden Purchase D. Louisiana Purchase 31. The four problems that face the economy of the United States are______. A. unemployment, inflation, financial crisis and trade deficit B. unemployment, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit C. mortgage losses, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit D. unemployment, market failures, financial deficit and trade deficit 32. Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true? A. It is the supreme law of the land. B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress. D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress. 33. The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the ______ of the United States in January. A. Chief Justice B. House Speaker C. Secretary of State D. Senate Majority Leader 34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the ______ shall be President of the Senate. A. Vice President B. Secretary of State C. Senate Majority Leader D. Senate Minority Leader 35. Which one of the following is NOT government-run at the U.S. federal level? A. Motor vehicle B. The road system C. National defense D. The postal service 36. It is generally agreed that U.S. higher education began with the______. A. Civil War B. Independence War C. founding of Harvard College D. founding of Princeton University 37. Formal education in the United States consists of ______. A. kindergarten, junior and senior education B. junior, elementary and secondary education C. elementary, secondary and higher education D. kindergarten, secondary and higher education 38. In his Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway ______. A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageously B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York 39. In the early part of the 19th century, ______ was the center of American writing. A. Boston B. Detroit C. New York City D. Philadelphia 40. The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______. A. Halloween B. Veterans’ Day C. Thanksgiving Day D. Independence Day 41. The capital city of Ireland is ______. A. Cork B. Dublin C. Galway D. Waterford 42. Historically, Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its ______. A. racial unity B. racial homogeneity C. multi-culturalism D. high rate of emigration 43. Ireland has the following demographic features EXCEPT ______. A. a late marriage age B. an excess of females in the population C. a high proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages D. a low birthrate compounded by a century of emigration 44. Which of the following is a typical bilingual city in Canada? A. Ottawa B. Calgary C. Toronto D. Vancouver 45. Which of the following statements about immigration in Canada is NOT true? A. It is estimated that one-third of Canadians were born in other countries. B. Immigration has always been an important source of its population growth. C. Immigration has played an important role in the development of its economy. D. in the past Britain and Western Europe were the principal sources of Canadian immigration. 46. In terms of land area, Canada is the ______ largest country in the world. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 47. The head of state of Australia is ______. A. the Governor B. the President C. the Prime Minister D. the Queen of England 48. ______ is the only city on the western coast of Australia with a population of over one million. A. Perth B. Sydney C. Brisbane D. Melbourne 49. A ______, where two parts of the earth’s crust meet, runs the length of New Zealand. A. fault line B. built area C. dormant volcano D. geothermal area 50. The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between ______. A. the Maori whalers and the British Crown B. the Maori people and the British missionaries C. the Maori traders and the British missionaries D. the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. What are the main functions of the British Parliament? 52. What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years? 53. What was the outcome of the English Civil War? 54. What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.? 55. What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom? 56. What was the most important document produced between China and the United States when President Nixon visited China in 1972? 57. What is the most central function of the U.S. Congress? 58. What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels? 59. What are the two official languages used in Ireland? 60. Who are the native people living in Australia? III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. Open University 62. The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain) 63. Muckrakers 64. The stock market crash of 1929

今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考英语教材答案详细,自考英语二教材答案的相关问题解答,还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦,以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答,希望对你考试有帮助!各位谁有2010.10全国自考英语试卷及答案啊?谢谢!3.读书与做练习的关系。每章节后都配有思考题和练习,并附有答案,以便复习和巩固所学的内容。为了帮助自学人员学习,全国高等自学考试委员会还组织由笔者主持编写了《英语词汇学辅导》,2000年由外语教学与研究出版社出版。《辅导》以汉语形式把教材译写出来,每章补充了练习,并给思考题提供了参考答案。此外,社会上也出现了一些所谓的“配套”读本。这里要提醒大家的是,读书指的是学教材,语言基础差一点的同学可以把《辅导》结合起来看。对教材一定要反复读,读懂弄清楚。对每章所配的练习要认真独立地去做,只有在做完后再查看参考答案,因为做练习最能检测学习结果。思考题是供学习思考的,提供的参考答案只是答案的一种表达形式,绝对不能逐字逐词地去死背。尤其要注意的是千万不要本末倒置,把大量的精力放在能弄到手的各种参考书上,更不要去搞题海战术,走入歧途。4.词汇学与语言学的关系。词汇学是语言学的一个分支,属于语言学的范畴。英语词汇学所介绍和涉及的一些内容与语言学上的某些章节交叉和重叠。如自考科目《现代语言学》上的第三章“形态学”和第五章“语义学”中的“词的意义”部分都是词汇学讨论的内容,因此可以联系起来学习。应该说学了语言学有助于学习词汇学,反之亦然。四、应考问题自考是以自学的形式通过国家规定的相关考试,最后取得国家承认的学历或学位。所以通过考试是自学人员的现实目标。把教材读懂搞清楚了不一定就能考出最理想的成绩,还有一个应考的问题。只有熟悉考试的形式、内容和方式方法才能取得最佳效果。1.题型与能力层次。题型在《考纲》中有明确规定。《考纲》列了12种题型,但在全国英语词汇学题库设计时做了一定的改动。现在的全国英语词汇学的标准试卷由七大题组成,每题一种题型。它们分别是:I单项选择,II教材内容填空,III匹配题,IV判断填空,V术语解释,VI简答题,VII分析题。减去了《考纲》中的第二、七、十二题;把第三、八题统称为判断填空题。题型与能力层次非一一对等,同一题型可涉及不同能力层次,如单项选择、匹配题、判断填空三种题型。2.试卷设计与分值配置。按题库设计标准,根据各章节的内容和知识点,每份试卷对各章都有一定的分值要求。其分值配置为:第一、二章占15%;第三、四章占20%;第五、六章占25%;第七、八章各占10%;第九章占15%;第十章占5%.分值的配置基本上能显示各章节的分量。前面已说过,每章都重要。这一点从分值的分配可以看出。当然,这种分值配置只是理想化的设计,具体操作上很难做到如此准确。一套试卷由7大题50小题组成。匹配题和判断题各10小题,每题1分;简答题3小题,每题4分;综合运用题2小题,每小题9分;其它每小题均为2分。3.读书与做题。如前所述,要想学好词汇学,必须要有恒心和拼劲,下大气力学习教材,无捷径可走。但要提高考试成绩还是有方法的。譬如匹配题和判断题,如果不熟悉其形式和思路,尽管对考题所涉及的内容很熟悉,也不一定能做好题。现以2002年上半年全国自学英语词汇学试卷其中的两题为例:MatchthewordsinColumnAwiththoseinColumnBaccordingto①rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms;②senserelations;③assimilationdegree;④characteristicsofthebasicwordstock;⑤motivationABreiterationAhighandlowrepetitionBpickandchoosejuxtapositionCfacetofaceperfecthomonymDFailureisthemotherofsuccesspersonificationEhissStudythefollowingwordsandexpressionsandidentify①typesofcontext;②typesofwordformation;③typesofsenserelationsandmeaningchange④rhetoricalfeaturesofidioms1makingarestatementofanewwordorconceptinfamiliarwords2sitcom3theusualamenitiessuchasapub,apostofficeandaschool4fromcradletograve5mightandmain这两道题看似简单,做起来却不容易。两道题有一个共同的特点,即涉及到不同章节的内容。前一题包括第九章、第六章、第一章、第五章的内容和知识。要做好题,必须知道英语习语的各种修辞特色;六种语义关系;两种同化程度;基本词汇的五大特征和四种理据。然后将两栏提供的语词进行比较,逐一分析,对号入座。答案是reiteration,repetition,juxtaposition,perfecthomonym,personification。其实,真正与题目有关的只是习语的修辞特色和词义的理据,其它都是干扰项。比较而言,后一道题更难一些。该题要求考生根据所提供的例词和定义写出它们各自属于哪一类中的何种名称。如例1是第一类中的definition,例2是第二类中的blending,例3是第三类中的hyponymy,例4是第四类中的synecdoche,例5是第四类中的alliteration,等等。如果熟悉这些题型,并能模拟做一做,在阅读中能根据题型的要求去思考问题,做到有的放矢,效果肯定会更佳。这就是所谓的“巧干”。4.术语英汉对照表的利用。教材后附有术语英汉对照表,主要目的是为了帮助阅读和理解。知道英语专业名称的汉语意思既可以加深记忆,也可以帮助理解。还有一个更重要的用途,往往不被大家注意。术语英汉对照表基本上囊括了教材中主要知识点。尤其是名词或名词词组,每一个都是一个知识点。学完教材后,不妨把这些专业术语作为一种自测手段。如按照字母顺序逐一复习。对每一个术语都想一想其概念、定义,试着用英语表述,并能回忆一两个例子。如果忘了,再翻书复习。假如能按这种要求把所有的名词术语记住,基本上可以说把教材弄懂搞清楚了。总而言之,英语词汇学是一门理论知识课程,涉及的内容丰富,知识点较多,学起来有一定难度。但只要同学们有决心,有恒心,敢于下工夫,在苦干的同时,加一些巧干,定能收到事半功倍的效果。求06年4月自考英语二试卷及答案全国06年4月自学考试:英语试卷及答案2006年09月21日14:18自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

自考大专入学考试试卷及答案解析

网上没答案的多!

很抱歉的告诉LZ,自考的任何考卷都没有官方标准答案~ 自考官网上只有题目没有答案~据说是没有标准答案才不公布的~晕…… 要答案,只能去找民间自考论坛,那里有山寨版、别人自己做的答案,正确率无保障~或者找教辅~这个可信度高一些~

答案还有解析喔.SectionⅠUse of English Directions: Read the following text.Choose the best word(s) for each numbered blank and mark A, B, C or D on ANSWER SHEET 1.( 10 points ) Most people who travel long distance complain of jetlag. Jetlag makes business travelers less productive and more prone 1 making mistakes. It is actually caused by 2 of your"body clock"—a small cluster of brain cells that controls the timing of biological 3. The body clock is designed for a 4 rhythm of daylight and darkness, so that it is thrown out of balance when it 5 daylight and darkness at the"wrong"times in a new time zone. The 6 of jetlag often persist for days 7 the internal body clock slowly adjusts to the new time zone. Now a new anti-jetlag system is 8 that is based on proven 9 pioneering scientific research. Dr. Martin Moore Ede had 10 a practical strategy to adjust the body clock much sooner to the new time zone 11 controlled exposure to bright light. The time zone shift is easy to accomplish and eliminates 12 of the discomfort of jetlag. A successful time zone shift depends on knowing the exact times to either 13 or avoid bright light. Exposure to light at the wrong time can actually make jetlag worse. The proper schedule 14 light exposure depends a great deal on 15 travel plans. Data on a specific flight itinerary and the individual's sleep 16 are used to produce a Trip Guide with 17 on exactly when to be exposed to bright light. When the Trip Guide calls 18 bright light you should spend time outdoors if possible. If it is dark outside, or the weather is bad, 19 you are on an aeroplane, you can use a special light device to provide the necessary light 20 for a range of activities such as reading, watching TV or working. 1. A. from B. of C. for D. to 2. A. eruption B. disruption C. rupture D. corruption 3. A. actions B. functions C. behavior D. reflection 4. A. formal B. continual C. regular D. circular 5. A. experiences B. possesses C. encounters D. retains 6. A. signs B. defects C. diseases D. symptoms 7. A. if B. whereas C. while D. although 8. A. agreeable B. available C. adaptable D. approachable 9. A. extensive B. tentative C. broad D. inclusive 10. A. devised B. scrutinized C. visualized D. recognized 11. A. in B. as C. at D. through 12. A. more B. little C. most D. least 13. A. shed B. retrieve C. seek D. attain 14. A. inB. for C. on D. with 15. A. specific B. complicated C. unique D. peculiar 16. A. mode B. style C. norm D. pattern 17. A. directories B. commentaries C. instructions D. specifications 18. A. up B. off C. on D. for 19. A. or B. but C. and D. while 20. A. spur B. stimulus C. agitation D. acceleration SectionⅡReading Comprehension Part A Directions: Read the following four texts. Answer the questions below each text by choosing A, B, C or D. Mark your answers on ANSWER SHEET 1.(40 points) Text 1 Anthropologists commonly distinguish three forms of marriage: monogamy, the marriage of one man to one woman, polygyny, the marriage of one man to two or more women, and polyandry, the marriage of one woman to two or more men. Polygyny and polyandry are often linked under the single term"polygamy", a marriage of one individual to two or more spouses. Though there are many societies which permit, or even encourage, polygamous marriages, it does not follow, in such societies, that every married individual, or even that a majority of them, has more than one spouse. Quite the contrary is true, for in most, if not all, of so-called polygamous societies monogamy is statistically the prevailing form. The reason for this is clear: the proportion of male to female births in any human society is roughly the same, and if this proportion is maintained among the sexually mature, a preponderance of plural marriages means that a considerable number of either men or women must remain unmarried. No society can maintain itself under such conditions; the emotional stresses would be too great to be survived. Accordingly, even where the cultural ideals do not prohibit plural marriages, these may occur on any notable scale only societies where for one reason or another, one sex markedly outnumbers the other. In short, monogamy not only prevails in most of the world's societies, either as the only approved form of marriage or as the only feasible form, but it may also prevail within a polygamous society where, very often, only a minority of the population can actually secure more than one spouse. In a polygynous household, the husband must supply a house and garden for each of his wives. The wives live with him in turn, cooking and serving for him during the period of his visit. The first wife takes precedence over the others. Polyandry is much rarer than polygyny. It is often the result of a disproportion in the ratio of men to women. In sum, polygamy is not, as so frequently indicated, universally a result of human immorality. It is simply not true, in this aspect of culture as in many others, that people who follow patterns of culture deemed immoral in our society are thereby lacking in morality. Our ideal and compulsory pattern of marriage, which holds that monogamy is the only appropriate form of marriage, is not shared by all peoples, even by some of those who regularly practice monogamy. In a great many societies, monogamy is only one possible form of marriage, with polygyny or polyandry as perfectly possible, though less frequent, alternatives. 21. A marriage between several men and women should be called . A�polygyny B�polyandry C�monogamy D�not mentioned 22. According to the second paragraph, in societies that encourage polygamous marriages, . A�polygamy is the predominant form of marriages B�most of the individuals usually have multiple spouses C�there are usually a greater of proportion of men than women D�people are not necessarily married to multiple partners 23. The author believes that plural marriages occur on substantial scales only in societies in which . A�polygyny is not prohibited B�one sex greatly outnumbers the other C�most people are undereducated D�a minority of people are very rich and powerful 24. According to the third paragraph, polyandry . A�means the husband must provide for the livelihood of his wives B�is a marriage tradition in which the first husband takes precedence over the others C�is much rarer than other marriage forms D�is often the result of women outnumbering men 25. We can infer from the last paragraph that . A�many people believe that plural marriages denote immorality of other societies B�those societies that do not uphold monogamy as the dominant marriage form are immoral C�polygyny or polyandry are possible alternative marriage forms in most societies D�the author lives in a society where plural marriages are socially accepted Text 2 More and more, the operations of our businesses, governments, and financial institutions are controlled by information that exists only inside computer memories. Anyone clever enough to modify this information for his purpose can reap substantial rewards. Even worse, a number of people who have done this and been caught at it have managed to get away without punishment. It's easy for computer crimes to go undetected if no one checks up on what the computer is doing. But even if the crime is detected, the criminal may walk away not only unpunished but with a growing recommendation from his former employers. Of course, we have no statistics on crime that go undetected. But it's disturbing to note how many of the crimes we do know about were detected by accident, not by systematic inspections or other security procedures. The computer criminals who have been caught may have been the victims of uncommonly bad luck. For example, a certain keypunch operator complained of having to stay overtime to punch extra cards. Investigation revealed that the extra cards she was being asked to punch were for dishonest transactions. In another case, dissatisfied employees of the thief tipped off the company that was being robbed. Unlike other lawbreakers, who must leave the country, commit suicide, or go to jail, computer criminals sometimes escape punishment demanding not only that they not be charged but that they be given good recommendations and perhaps other benefits. All too often, their demands have been met. Why? Because company executives are afraid of the bad publicity that would result if the public found out that their computer had been misused. They hesitate at the thought of a criminal boasting in open court of how he juggled the most confidential records right under the noses of the company's executives, accountants, and security staff. And so another computer criminal departs with just the recommendations he needs to continue his crimes elsewhere. 26�It is implied in the third paragraph that . A. most computer criminals who are caught have only to have only to blame their bad luck B. the rapid increase of computer crimes is a troublesome problem C. most computer criminals are smart enough to cover up their crimes D. many more computer crimes go undetected than those discovered 27�Which of the following is mentioned in the passage? A. A strict law against computer crimes must be enforced. B. Companies usually hesitate to uncover computer crimes. C. Companies will guard against computer crimes to protect their reputation. D. Companies need to impose restrictions on confidential information 28�What may happen to computer criminals once they are set free without being charged? A. With a bad reputation they can hardly find other jobs. B. They may walk away and easily find another jobs. B. They will be denied access to confidential records. D. They must leave the country or go to jail. 29�The passage is mainly about . A. why computer criminals are often able to escape punishment B. why computer crimes are difficult to detect by systematic inspections C. how computer criminals manage to get good recommendations from their former employers D. why computer crimes can't be eliminated 30. Which of the following results that the computer criminals might get is different from other lawbreakers? A. To be driven out of the country. B. To become a prisoner. C. To commit suicide. D. To be recommended somewhere else. Text 3 Coincident with concerns about the accelerating loss of species and habitats has been a growing appreciation of the importance of biological diversity, the number of species in a particular ecosystem, to the health of the Earth and human being. Much has been written about the diversity of terrestrial organisms, particularly the exceptionally rich life associated with tropical rain forest habitats. Relatively little has been said, however, about diversity of life in the sea even though coral reef systems are comparable to rain forests in terms of richness of life. An alien exploring Earth would probably give priority to the planet's dominant, most distinctive feature——the ocean. Humans have a bias toward land that sometimes gets in the way of truly examining global issues. Seen from far away, it is easy to realize that landmasses occupy one third of the Earth's surface. Given that two thirds of the Earth's surface is water and that marine life lives at all levels of the ocean, the total three dimensional living space of the ocean is perhaps 100 times greater than that of land and contains more than 90 percent of all life on Earth even though the ocean has fewer distinct species. The fact that half of the known species are thought to inhabit the world's rain forests does not seem surprising, considering the huge numbers of insects that comprise the bulk of the species. One scientist found many different species of ants in just one tree from a rain forest. While every species is different from every other species, their genetic makeup constrains them to be insects and to share similar characteristics with 750,000 species of insects. If basic, broad categories such as phyla and classes are given more emphasis than differentiating between species, then the greatest diversity of life is unquestionably the sea. Nearly every major type of plant and animal has some representation there. To appreciate fully the diversity and abundance of life in the sea, it helps to think small. Every spoonful of ocean water contains life on the order of 100 to 100, 000 bacterial cells plus assorted microscopic plants and animals, including larvas of organisms ranging from sponges and corals to starfish and clams and much more. 31.What is the main point of the passage? A. Humans are destroying thousands of species. B. There are thousands of insect species. C. The sea is even richer in life than the rain forests. D. Coral reefs are similar to rain forests. 32.Why does the author compare rain forests and coral reefs (lines 4~6) ? A. They are approximately the same size. B. They share many similar species. C. Most of their inhabitants require water. D. Both have many different forms of life. 33.The passage suggests that most rain forest species are . A. insects B. bacteria C. mammals D. birds 34.The author argues that there is more diversity of life in the sea than in the rain forests because . A. more phyla and classes of life are represented in the sea B. there are too many insects to make meaningful distinctions C. many insect species are too small to divide into categories D. marine life forms reproduce at a faster rate 35.Which of the following conclusions is supported by the passage? A.Ocean life in highly adaptive. B.More attention needs to be paid to preserving ocean species and habitats. C.Ocean life is primarily composed of plants. D.The sea is highly resistant to the damage done by pollutants. Text 4 Rewards and punishments are used in different ways by different communities to maintain social order and preserve cultural values. In all cultures, parents must teach their children to avoid danger and to observe the community's moral precepts. Adults also condition each other's observance of social norms, using methods ranging from mild forms of censure, such as looking away when someone makes an inappropriate remark, to imprisoning or executing individuals for behavior considered deviant or dangerous. The caning of American teenager Michael Fay in Singapore for vandalism in 1994 brought wide media attention to cultural differences in the application of punishment. Faced with increasing violence at home, many Americans endorsed Singapore's use of corporal punishment to maintain social order. Was Fay's punishment effective? Whether he subsequently avoids vandalism is unknown, but the punishment did apparently lead to his avoidance of Singapore—which he left promptly. The operant techniques societies use to maintain social control vary in part with the dangers and threats that confront them. The Gusii of Kenya, with a history of tribal warfare, face threats not only from outsiders but also from natural forces, including wild animals. Gusii parents tend to rely more on punishment and fear than on rewards in conditioning appropriate social behavior in their children. Caning, food deprivation, and withdrawing shelter and protection are common forms of punishment. In contrast, the Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca, Mexico, are a highly cohesive community, with little internal conflict, and social norms that encourage cooperation. Their social patterns appear adaptive, for the Mixtecans are dominated by the nearby Spanish Mexicans, who control the official government and many economic resources in their region. The Mixtecans do not generally impose fines or jail sentences or use physical punishment to deter aggression in either adults or children. Rather, they tend to rely on soothing persuasion. Social ostracism is the most feared punishment, and social ties within the community are very strong, so responses that reinforce these ties are effective in maintaining social order. In the United States, fear of social ostracism or stigma was once a more powerful force in maintaining control over antisocial behavior, especially in small communities. Today, even imprisonment does not appear to be an adequate deterrent to many forms of crime, especially violent crime. Although one reason is the inconsistent application of punishment, another may be the fact that imprisonment no longer carries the intense stigma it once had, so that prison is no longer as an effective punishment. 36. The best title of this passage would be . A�Crime and Punishment B�Reward and Punishment C�Social Order D�Two Case Studies: Gusii of Kenya and Mixtecans of Juxtlahuaca 37. According to the passage, what is a universal cultural norm in maintaining social order? A�Children must be obedient to their parents. B�People must publicly complain when someone misbehaves. C�People should do their parts to ensure that others comply with social rules. D�People should publicly humiliate the wrongdoers. 38. What can be inferred from the Michael Fay case? A�Many Americans were opposed to the corporal punishment that Michael Fay received in Singapore. B�The American media did not pay any attention to cultural differences until 1994. C�The caning was effective because Michael Fay subsequently refrained from vandalism. D�Michael Fay left Singapore immediately after the caning punishment. 39. What would a Gusii mother from Kenya most likely do to punish her children? A�To stop giving them pocket money. B�To persuade them in a gentle way. C�To verbally humiliate them. D�To threaten to expel them from the home. 40. The word"stigma"(fourth paragraph) most probably means . A�ironyB�verbal abuseC�persuasionD�bad reputation Part B Directions: In the following article, some sentences have been removed .For Questions 41-45,choose the most suitable one from the list A-G to fit into each of the numbered blank. There are two extra choices, which do not fit in any of the gaps. I had a man tell me that the problem women have is that we get more hung up on a man's words than we do their actions. He meant that we don't always see if a man walks his talk. We get all caught up in the words, and ignore the value of his actions. How many of us get snowballed by what a man says to us? 41)__________________.But how many of us actually put more weight or at least equal weight on what they display for actions? I'd venture to say not many of us. And why do we do that? That is the real question. Perhaps some of us just get so caught up in the fact that a man is merely talking to begin with. And even more so the fact that they are talking to us. How many of us walk around life starving from lack of conversation, stimulating conversation, with a man? When we first meet someone we are intrigued by what makes them click how they view life. We compare interests and goals. We even analyze whether or not we can see ourselves sharing our life with them. 42)________________________. So why don't we look at a man's actions? Probably because very few actions mirror the words we hear. 43)_______________________________________.Does that make us terrible people? No, but it sure doe

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自考大专入学考试试卷及答案语文

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2002年4月全国高等教育自学考试大学语文(专科)试题一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。1.《建设有中国特色的社会主义》是邓小平同志会见某外国代表团时谈话的一部分,这个代表团来自( )A.美国 B.英国 C.日本 D.法国2.郭沫若创作的著名诗集是( )A.《屈原》 B.《野草》 C.《蔡文姬》 D.《女神》3.《论气节》中指出我国古代提倡"浩然之气"的是( )A.文天祥 B.韩愈 C.孟子 D.孔子4.周培源提出"自学成才要有文史知识"是针对社会上流行的一种不好风气,这种风气是( )A.崇洋媚外 B.重理轻文 C.读书无用 D.数典忘祖5.《散文创作谈》论证"中国是一个散文传统深厚的国度"时列举了庄周、韩非、贾谊、司马迁以及"唐宋八大家"等,这种论证方法是( )A.类比法 B.对比法 C.演绎法 D.归纳法6."今也,南蛮鸟舌之人,非先王之道,子倍子之师而学之,亦异于曾子参。吾闻\'出于幽谷,迁于乔木\'者,未闻下乔木而入于幽谷者。"这里的"幽谷"喻指( )A.儒家学说 B.法家学说 C.道家学说 D.农家学说7.钱学森在《现代自然科学中的基础学科》中指出,现代自然科学的重要特点是( )A.应用自然科学中基础学科的理论来解决生产斗争中出现的问题B.自然科学发展成为严密的综合起来的体系C.遗传工程和板块理论的出现D.电子计算机的出现和运用8.玄奘亲身经历沙漠的情景载于他撰写的( )A.《西京杂记》 B.《大唐西域记》 C.《佛国记》 D.《西游记》9."统筹方法,是一种为生产建设服务的数学方法。"这里所用的说明方法是( )A.比较法 B.诠释法 C.定义法 D.举例法10.下列句子中,运用比拟修辞手法的是( )A.形形色色的菌客菌主菌亲菌友,有的挺着胸膛,有的弯腰曲背,有的圆脸儿涂脂擦粉,有的大腹便便,有的留个辫子B.我们这一所细菌大饭店,一开前门便是切菜间,壁上有自来水,长流不息C.厨房是一支大油锅,可以收缩,里面自然发生一种强烈的酸汁D.小食堂备有咖喱似的黄汁,以及其他油呀醋呀,一应俱全11.《追悼志摩》一文的主要抒情方式是( )A.通过叙事抒情 B.通过说理抒情 C.借景抒情 D.直抒胸意12.《秋夜》着重歌颂鲁迅先生( )A.战斗不止 B.疾恶如仇 C.对祖国的热爱 D.对青年的关怀13.《北京的春节》中记载北京过农历新年开始于( )A.腊八 B.腊月二十三 C.除夕 D.元旦14.《箱子岩》具有的思辨色彩主要体现在( )A.民情风习的描写 B.人物的刻画C.景色的渲染 D.叙事中穿插议论15.《我与地坛》中写地?quot;历尽沧桑在那儿等待了四百多年",让人联想到的深意是( )A.地坛的古老 B.地坛的遭遇C."我"的艰难坎坷的人生道路 D."我"的持久不变的努力追求16.《柳敬亭说书》中记叙柳敬亭所说的一段书是( )A.武松打虎 B.林冲比武 C.杨志卖刀 D.鲁达救人17.毛泽东《沁园春·雪》:"唐宗宋祖,稍逊风骚"。"唐宗"指的是( )A.李渊 B.李世民 C.李隆基 D.李治18.《迢迢牵牛星》中,"河汉清且浅"之后紧接的一句是( )A.泣涕零如雨 B.盈盈一水间 C.相去复几许 D.脉脉不得语19.下列诗句中具有象征意义的是( )A.出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟B.但使龙城飞将在,不教胡马度阴山C.总为浮云能蔽日,长安不见使人愁D.《出师》一表真名世,千载谁堪伯仲间20.下列喻愁名句出自宋朝人笔下的是( )A.休问离悉轻重,向个马�贤找餐詹欢?br> B.遍人间烦恼填胸臆,量这些大小车儿如何载得起C.问君能有几多愁?恰似一江春水向东流D.只恐双溪舴艋舟,载不动,许多愁二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)在每小题列出的五个选项中有二至五个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。多选、少选、错选均无分。21.《咬文嚼字》中指出"字有直指的意义,有联想的意义。"下列句子中的"烟"字用了联想意义的有( )A."杨柳万条烟" B."烟光凝而暮山紫"C."依依墟里烟" D."吟赏烟霞"E."蓝田日暖玉生烟"22.《苏州园林》中指出,"苏州园林栽种和修剪树木也着眼在画意"。这表现在( )A.高树与低树俯仰生姿 B.有阅兵式似的道旁树C.落叶树与常绿树相间 D.有修剪得像宝塔那样的松柏E.花时不同的多种花树相间23.下列作品中采用第一人称叙述的有( )A.《北京的春节》 B.《追悼志摩》C.《都江堰》 D.《哭小弟》E.《拣麦穗》24.下列作品的作者属于"唐宋八大家"的有( )A.《朋党论》 B.《衰溺文序》C.《答司马谏议书》 D.《谏太宗十思疏》E.《毛颖传》25.下列诗句中,含有六朝兴亡之感的有( )A.旧时王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常百姓家B.三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心C.早岁那知世事艰,中原北望气如山D.南朝四面八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中E.吴宫花草埋幽径,晋代衣冠成古丘第二部分 非选择题三、词语解释题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)26.永之氓咸善游永之氓咸善游:27.度义而后动度:28.文武并用,垂拱而治垂拱而治:29.颖始以俘见,卒见任使,秦之灭诸侯,颖与有功卒见任使:30.活泼,秀丽,褴褛的衣衫褴褛:四、简析题(本大题共3小题,每小题10分,共30分)31.阅读下文,回答问题:当时法国士兵在沙漠中见到这"魔鬼的海"极为惊奇,就去问孟奇。孟奇深深思考以后,便指出这是因为沙漠中地面被太阳晒得酷热,贴近地面一层空气温度就比上面一两米的温度高许多。这样由于光线折光和反射的影响,人们产生了一个错觉,空中的乔木看来好像栽在地上,蔚蓝的天空,倒映在地上,便看成是汪洋万顷的湖面了。若是近地面的空气温度下面低而上层高,短距离内相差七-八度,像平直的海边地区有时所遇见的那样,那便可把地平线下寻常所见不到的岛屿、人物统统倒映到天空中,成为空中楼阁,又叫做海市蜃楼。(1)这段文字引自哪篇文章?作者是谁?(2)简要说明沙漠中"魔鬼的海"的形成原因。(3)这里主要采用了哪一种说明方法?32.阅读下文,回答问题:与生人交谈,可以使大脑得到锻炼。经常说话,尤其在生人面前说话,总要尽量说得准确、鲜明、生动些,这就可以锻炼大脑的思维能力。不少人都有这样的体会:当自己与生人交谈时,思维变得敏捷起来,某些原来没想到的内容,会出现在脑海里。有些发明家就是在与生人交谈中受到启发,产生灵感,因而有所发明创造的。为了提高工作能力,我们应当经常与生人交谈。(1)这段文字提出的论点是什么?(2)为什么经常与生人交谈可以锻炼思维能力?(3)写出文中采用的事实材料论据。33.阅读下文,回答问题:既罢,归国,以相如功大,拜为上卿,位在廉颇之右。廉颇曰:"我为赵将,有攻城野战之大功,而蔺相如徒以口舌为劳,而位居我上。且相如素贱人,吾羞,不忍为之下!"宣言曰:"我见相如,必辱之。"相如闻,不肯与会。相如每朝时,常称病,不欲与廉颇争列。已而相如出,望见廉颇,相如引车避匿。(1)"既罢"中的"罢"指什么事件的结束?(2)这段文字表现了廉颇、蔺相如怎样的性格特点?(3)文中刻画廉颇、蔺相如这两个人物,分别采用了什么样的描写方法?五、作文题(30分)34.以〈小议"异想天开"〉为题写篇不少于600字的议论文。 [此文章已经被作者于2004-5-19 10:03:21编辑过] 相关报道: ·2002年10月英语(二)试卷(2004-5-25)·2002年10月新闻伦理与法规试卷(2004-5-25)·2002年10月公共关系学试卷(2004-5-25)·2002年下半年广告(二)试卷(2004-5-24)·2002年10月新闻采访与写作试卷(2004-5-24)·2002年10月报纸报纸编辑试题(2004-5-24)·2002年下半年现代文学作品选试卷(2004-5-24)·2002年4月美学试题(2004-5-19)·2002年4月现代汉语试题(2004-5-18)·2002年4月法学概论试卷(2004-5-18)·2002年4月大学语文(专)试题(2004-5-18)·2002年4月大学语文(本)试题(2004-5-18)·2002年4月法律基础与思想道德修养试题(2004-5-18)·2002年4月邓小平概论试题(2004-5-18)·2002年4月英语(一)试题(2004-5-18)女生夜话全纪实:世界上最色的女生宿舍相关评论: yinghuayu [2004-5-19 10:03:46] 2002年4月全国高等教育自学考试大学语文(专科)试题一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。1.《建设有中国特色的社会主义》是邓小平同志会见某外国代表团时谈话的一部分,这个代表团来自( )A.美国 B.英国 C.日本 D.法国2.郭沫若创作的著名诗集是( )A.《屈原》 B.《野草》 C.《蔡文姬》 D.《女神》3.《论气节》中指出我国古代提倡"浩然之气"的是( )A.文天祥 B.韩愈 C.孟子 D.孔子4.周培源提出"自学成才要有文史知识"是针对社会上流行的一种不好风气,这种风气是( )A.崇洋媚外 B.重理轻文 C.读书无用 D.数典忘祖5.《散文创作谈》论证"中国是一个散文传统深厚的国度"时列举了庄周、韩非、贾谊、司马迁以及"唐宋八大家"等,这种论证方法是( )A.类比法 B.对比法 C.演绎法 D.归纳法6."今也,南蛮鸟舌之人,非先王之道,子倍子之师而学之,亦异于曾子参。吾闻\\\'出于幽谷,迁于乔木\\\'者,未闻下乔木而入于幽谷者。"这里的"幽谷"喻指( )A.儒家学说 B.法家学说 C.道家学说 D.农家学说7.钱学森在《现代自然科学中的基础学科》中指出,现代自然科学的重要特点是( )A.应用自然科学中基础学科的理论来解决生产斗争中出现的问题B.自然科学发展成为严密的综合起来的体系C.遗传工程和板块理论的出现D.电子计算机的出现和运用8.玄奘亲身经历沙漠的情景载于他撰写的( )A.《西京杂记》 B.《大唐西域记》 C.《佛国记》 D.《西游记》9."统筹方法,是一种为生产建设服务的数学方法。"这里所用的说明方法是( )A.比较法 B.诠释法 C.定义法 D.举例法10.下列句子中,运用比拟修辞手法的是( )A.形形色色的菌客菌主菌亲菌友,有的挺着胸膛,有的弯腰曲背,有的圆脸儿涂脂擦粉,有的大腹便便,有的留个辫子B.我们这一所细菌大饭店,一开前门便是切菜间,壁上有自来水,长流不息C.厨房是一支大油锅,可以收缩,里面自然发生一种强烈的酸汁D.小食堂备有咖喱似的黄汁,以及其他油呀醋呀,一应俱全11.《追悼志摩》一文的主要抒情方式是( )A.通过叙事抒情 B.通过说理抒情 C.借景抒情 D.直抒胸意12.《秋夜》着重歌颂鲁迅先生( )A.战斗不止 B.疾恶如仇 C.对祖国的热爱 D.对青年的关怀13.《北京的春节》中记载北京过农历新年开始于( )A.腊八 B.腊月二十三 C.除夕 D.元旦14.《箱子岩》具有的思辨色彩主要体现在( )A.民情风习的描写 B.人物的刻画C.景色的渲染 D.叙事中穿插议论15.《我与地坛》中写地?quot;历尽沧桑在那儿等待了四百多年",让人联想到的深意是( )A.地坛的古老 B.地坛的遭遇C."我"的艰难坎坷的人生道路 D."我"的持久不变的努力追求16.《柳敬亭说书》中记叙柳敬亭所说的一段书是( )A.武松打虎 B.林冲比武 C.杨志卖刀 D.鲁达救人17.毛泽东《沁园春·雪》:"唐宗宋祖,稍逊风骚"。"唐宗"指的是( )A.李渊 B.李世民 C.李隆基 D.李治18.《迢迢牵牛星》中,"河汉清且浅"之后紧接的一句是( )A.泣涕零如雨 B.盈盈一水间 C.相去复几许 D.脉脉不得语19.下列诗句中具有象征意义的是( )A.出师未捷身先死,长使英雄泪满襟B.但使龙城飞将在,不教胡马度阴山C.总为浮云能蔽日,长安不见使人愁D.《出师》一表真名世,千载谁堪伯仲间20.下列喻愁名句出自宋朝人笔下的是( )A.休问离悉轻重,向个马�贤找餐詹欢?br> B.遍人间烦恼填胸臆,量这些大小车儿如何载得起C.问君能有几多愁?恰似一江春水向东流D.只恐双溪舴艋舟,载不动,许多愁二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)在每小题列出的五个选项中有二至五个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。多选、少选、错选均无分。21.《咬文嚼字》中指出"字有直指的意义,有联想的意义。"下列句子中的"烟"字用了联想意义的有( )A."杨柳万条烟" B."烟光凝而暮山紫"C."依依墟里烟" D."吟赏烟霞"E."蓝田日暖玉生烟"22.《苏州园林》中指出,"苏州园林栽种和修剪树木也着眼在画意"。这表现在( )A.高树与低树俯仰生姿 B.有阅兵式似的道旁树C.落叶树与常绿树相间 D.有修剪得像宝塔那样的松柏E.花时不同的多种花树相间23.下列作品中采用第一人称叙述的有( )A.《北京的春节》 B.《追悼志摩》C.《都江堰》 D.《哭小弟》E.《拣麦穗》24.下列作品的作者属于"唐宋八大家"的有( )A.《朋党论》 B.《衰溺文序》C.《答司马谏议书》 D.《谏太宗十思疏》E.《毛颖传》25.下列诗句中,含有六朝兴亡之感的有( )A.旧时王谢堂前燕,飞入寻常百姓家B.三顾频烦天下计,两朝开济老臣心C.早岁那知世事艰,中原北望气如山D.南朝四面八十寺,多少楼台烟雨中E.吴宫花草埋幽径,晋代衣冠成古丘第二部分 非选择题三、词语解释题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)26.永之氓咸善游永之氓咸善游:27.度义而后动度:28.文武并用,垂拱而治垂拱而治:29.颖始以俘见,卒见任使,秦之灭诸侯,颖与有功卒见任使:30.活泼,秀丽,褴褛的衣衫褴褛:四、简析题(本大题共3小题,每小题10分,共30分)31.阅读下文,回答问题:当时法国士兵在沙漠中见到这"魔鬼的海"极为惊奇,就去问孟奇。孟奇深深思考以后,便指出这是因为沙漠中地面被太阳晒得酷热,贴近地面一层空气温度就比上面一两米的温度高许多。这样由于光线折光和反射的影响,人们产生了一个错觉,空中的乔木看来好像栽在地上,蔚蓝的天空,倒映在地上,便看成是汪洋万顷的湖面了。若是近地面的空气温度下面低而上层高,短距离内相差七-八度,像平直的海边地区有时所遇见的那样,那便可把地平线下寻常所见不到的岛屿、人物统统倒映到天空中,成为空中楼阁,又叫做海市蜃楼。(1)这段文字引自哪篇文章?作者是谁?(2)简要说明沙漠中"魔鬼的海"的形成原因。(3)这里主要采用了哪一种说明方法?32.阅读下文,回答问题:与生人交谈,可以使大脑得到锻炼。经常说话,尤其在生人面前说话,总要尽量说得准确、鲜明、生动些,这就可以锻炼大脑的思维能力。不少人都有这样的体会:当自己与生人交谈时,思维变得敏捷起来,某些原来没想到的内容,会出现在脑海里。有些发明家就是在与生人交谈中受到启发,产生灵感,因而有所发明创造的。为了提高工作能力,我们应当经常与生人交谈。(1)这段文字提出的论点是什么?(2)为什么经常与生人交谈可以锻炼思维能力?(3)写出文中采用的事实材料论据。33.阅读下文,回答问题:既罢,归国,以相如功大,拜为上卿,位在廉颇之右。廉颇曰:"我为赵将,有攻城野战之大功,而蔺相如徒以口舌为劳,而位居我上。且相如素贱人,吾羞,不忍为之下!"宣言曰:"我见相如,必辱之。"相如闻,不肯与会。相如每朝时,常称病,不欲与廉颇争列。已而相如出,望见廉颇,相如引车避匿。(1)"既罢"中的"罢"指什么事件的结束?(2)这段文字表现了廉颇、蔺相如怎样的性格特点?(3)文中刻画廉颇、蔺相如这两个人物,分别采用了什么样的描写方法?五、作文题(30分)34.以〈小议"异想天开"〉为题写篇不少于600字的议论文。

怎样学好语文- - "一把钥匙配一把锁",这是我对学习方法的理解。高中的课程比较多,不同的科目有不同的特点,学习方法决不可能千篇一律。最好是能跟随着老师的思路找出这门学科的规律,获得入门的途径,再不断地充实完善,形成不同学科不同的学习方式。正如我前面所说的,我们必须在学的过程中不断地进行归纳改进,摸索出一条最适合自己的方法。以下是我自己的一点学习体会。 有的人说考语文要凭运气,也有的人说要看感觉。运气好或者感觉对的话,就能取得较高的分数,甚至有可能爆个冷门。刚开始我也抱着一种将信将疑的态度,每到考语文之前就要"酝酿"一番,希望能找到所谓的"感觉"。后来,通过与几个同学的交流,加上自己也看了一些师兄师姐们介绍学习经验的书,我渐渐觉得,学语文,是需要一套科学的方法的。� 首先,要多看一些书,这是每个人都有的体会。通过看一些文学名著,或是报刊杂志,可以培养语感,还能学到不少文学常识,以及一些新鲜有趣的观点。现在的语文考试,阅读占了相当大的比例。不仅有文言文阅读,还有科技文、现代文阅读。要想在课堂上把所有这些能力统统培养起来是根本不可能的事,只能靠课外的努力。� 我比较喜欢看像《读者》、《散文》之类的杂志。看《读者》,可以了解到许多独到的观点,看到一些内涵丰厚的文章,使自己也变得爱思考起来。尤其在写作时,我更是常常受到它的启发。现在作文的一个很重要的评分标准就是是否有创新、有与众不同的见解。这样的见解,往往不是凭空就可以产生的。它取决于你的阅历、你的人生体会。对我们中的大多数人来说,生活就是简简单单的两点一线,很少有机会见识到更广阔的世界。因此读书看报就不失为一条捷径。而在时间金钱都有所限制的情况下,看《读者》更不愧为捷径中的捷径。更何况,它也是我们放松自己的好伴侣。� 看《散文》,是通过语文老师的介绍。教我语文的陈武老师是一位文学功底很深的人。他的课真正花在课本上的时间并不多,他更愿意教我们一些从课本里引出来的知识。三年下来,我觉得自己的确学到了许多东西。尤其是文学修养方面提高不少。记得当初他向我们推荐《散文》时,没有说太多,只有几个字我印象特深:"腹中有书气自华。"于是我开始学着欣赏《散文》。刚开始时,也有点云里雾里的感觉,后来,当我静下心来,细细地体会那流淌在字里行间的微妙的感觉,我仿佛一下子就被文字的美攫住了。原来文章还可以这样写!一段很普通的经历到了作家笔下,却完全可以获得诗一般的美感。我喜欢反反复复地读那些自己特别有感触的文字,直到把它们背下,然后不经意地用到自己的作文中,文笔果然有了提高。同时,通过揣摩作者的感受,不知不觉我就养成了一种爱思考的习惯,这一点在做文字表述题的时候特别有用,下手更快,思考角度也更准确。� 此外,有空时多翻翻字典也是一种好办法。例如,做拼音题时,就翻翻《新华字典》,把自己以前读得不准确的字记在一个小本子上,考前再看一看,印象就比较深。另外,平时听新闻时也可多留一个心眼,注意听听播音员的发音,碰到哪个字他发得和你不一样,就记下来,查查字典,看是他发得对还是你发得对,这样做印象特别深。做词语用法的题目时,就翻《现代汉语词典》或《成语词典》。不要局限在要查的那个词上,最好能把前后的词都看一下,既能通过比较加深印象,又能同时学到不少新词。这个工作最好能每天都做,每天记几个,积少成多。记得高三那年,老师让语文科代表每天在教室后面的黑板上抄些成语或容易出错的词语、容易读错的字等,下课后大家都会自觉地去看一看,一些细心的同学还会把它们都整理在一个本子上。到高三下学期做模拟试卷时,我们班同学在这种题上出错的已经很少了。� 在写作方面,除了多看书看报外,还可适当记点日记周记之类,锻炼文笔,久而久之,就会越写越顺。一些喜欢听歌的同学常常会记些喜欢的歌词,在写作时用一用,还真不愧为一种好办法,最起码在语言上就占了不少优势。当然,也可以背一些优美的句子,使它们转化成自己的东西,常记常用,写作水平自然会有所提高。总之,语文就像中药,越熬越有味。当有一天你发现,自己的"感觉"越来越准了时,你的努力就已经得到了回报。� 语文的功夫都在平时的积累上,除了个别"感觉"突然变得特别好的之外,平时是怎样的水平,高考就会考得怎样。与其抱着侥幸的心理等待着"奇迹"出现,还不如踏踏实实地把功夫练到家。考前语文基本上是没什么好复习的,但也不是完全放弃,你可以在复习的间隙看看文学常识,翻翻杂志什么的,或者做一两份模拟试卷,保持对题型的熟悉程度也就足够了。最重要的还是信心问题,千万不要因为平时语文成绩不稳定就对自己失去信心,放下一切的包袱,你一定会在高考考场上有一个新的突破。 语文,有人认为语文最难,为什么呢?因为他们觉得似乎无论他们再怎么努力,起色似乎不大,总的感觉就像是有力无处使,也就是物理中的"不受力","做功为0",事实上,这是由语文自身的转点决定的,语文知识面宽,什么学、词、句、段的分析,什么名言警名等等都包括在里面,而语文考试时不可能什么都考到,因此一些同学在往语文上下功夫时,由于坚持时间不长,过于急躁往往收效不大,甚至毫不起色,对此,我有深刻认识,曾记得高中时,我语文最差,每次考试都是100多一点,在高三第二期第一次模拟中我语文竞然才96分(班上倒数第8),后来,在语文老师的指导下,我每天坚持阅读一定的优秀短文以增强语感,同时每隔一天做一篇作文,当时我是怎么阅读作文的呢?很简单,每天晨读时,我都会抓出一些自以为good的文章的声朗读,声音越大越好,还有写作文,开始时,我模仿人家的写,甚至干脆"抄袭",其实抄是一种非常好的办法,通过抄,你就可以体会一篇好的作文它是怎样组织结构的,怎样构思的,怎样谴词造句的。就这样,经过我不懈的努力,当然开始时,没多大用(表面上),但是,在最后的模拟一、二、三中,我的语文成绩分别是126、127、以至在高考中我的语文得了131分,从而保证了语文的不失败,为进入清华奠定了最好的一步,所以在最后我总结――学语文有二个字的秘诀――"坚持"! 孔子说:“知之者不如好知者,好知者不如乐知者。”这也就说明了学习一定要对所学的知识感兴趣,有兴趣去学习,是学好的根本,学习语文也一样。 只要有了学习语文的兴趣,才会发觉其中的乐趣,发现了学习的乐趣,才有助于我们去持之以恒地学习语文,没有持之以恒的精神,根本学不好语文。有的同学认为语文很无聊,要背记的东西太多,所以根本不想去学,成绩当然也就上不去,所以,兴趣对学习来说是很重要的。 其次,学习语文是一个积累的过程,不可一蹴而就,只有长期的积累才能使语文学得更好。积累也就需要大量地阅读与背诵,当我们空闲的时候,读一读,好的书籍或文章不仅能丰富知识,还能陶冶你的性情。不过,不能只是读,还要思考,我们应准备一个记录与摘抄的本子,在阅读的过程中将遇到的好的句子抄下来,并不时地看看,让它们变为自己的东西,当遇到疑点,难点时,也要记下来,与旁人讨论,听取别人的看法。这样才会有所长进,水平才会提高。 而且,阅读量大,知识就会十分丰富,一个人的素质也会提高,眼界就会更广,况且,写作也需要素材,只有多看书,多留心身边的事,将书中所讲与现实生活相联系起来,写作时才会思如泉涌,写出的文章才是好的文章。古语云:“读书破万卷,下笔如有神。”也就是说只有多读书,才能写出好文章。大都知道这是什么意思,但做到前一句的人却不多,真正喜爱阅读的并能从中得到知识的人更是少之又少,所以,能写出好作文的人也不多。但我们要做这样的人,也就是说,我们要学会阅读,要喜欢去阅读,当我们看一本书或者一篇文章的时候,要去思考它的内涵,去思考它的写作方法,去思考作者的思路,再把其中好的方面运用到自己的写作中,取人之长以补己之短。还有,要好问,要记住不懂就要问,特别是读课外的古文言文,古诗、词时,其中有些字、词、句我们不能完全理解的,这就需要去查工具书,如果工具书中查不到,或者查了之后仍然不太明白,就要及时去问老师,及时地弄明白,这样才能学好古诗文,切记千万不能不懂装懂,使自己的心中留下疑惑,因为日月积累,会使心中的疑惑越来越大。 语文就是一门艺术,它需要我们从读、说、写三方面去学习,去品味,去发扬,读就是要去获取知识,去欣赏。语文这门艺术,而说与写则是我们对语文的体现,是我们学习语文真正的目的。既然就样,我校就更应该利用空闲的时间去练习写作,多写才能提高,才能真正把文章写好,在与别人的交谈中,学会运用自己从阅读中获取的知识,这样,我们就能将语文与生活联系起来。 懂得了这些,再来学习语文时,便不会觉得枯燥无味了,反而会觉得是一种享受,当我们把学习当作是一种享受时,不学好也难了! ================================================================= 我初中阶段的学习方法的总结 初中阶段的我,不仅努力学习了课内的文化知识,还留心总结了一些学习方法。渐渐地,我形成了一套有我的特色的学习方法,但如果你真正了解了我的学习方法的内涵与真谛的话,你会发现这一方法不仅仅是用于我,还适用于很多同样的同学。由于我接触的中上等的同学比较多,此方法更适用于学习上不错,但总也不能十分拔尖的同学。 其实学习方法多种多样,不同的人也要采取不同的学习方法。我写这篇文章也只是想把我的制定学习方法的方法告诉大家。这样才能真正使那些读过此文的人受益。学习别人的方法切忌照搬。一定要有自己的主见,通过实践总结出适合自己的学习方法,这样才能有收获。 还要在这里强调一点:学习不是苦差事,做好学习中的每一件事,你就会发现“学习,是一块馍,你能嚼出它的香味来。”(此句引自肖复兴肖铁的《我教儿子学作文》1996年4月第一版211页) 这一切都是我个人的一些想法、经验。我的思想也许比较独特。合理的可以自己试试,偏激的干脆掠过不读。我会从以下几个方面进行阐述。 1、 学习未动,兴趣先行 2、 务学与求道 3、 自信是成功的第一秘诀 4、 态度决定一切 5、 不强调进步 6、 练就过硬的本领是学习的根本目的 7、 会玩、会偷懒、然后会学 8、 考试、分析考试结果、做出下一步计划、调整自己 9、 学习别人 一、 学习未动,兴趣先行 孔子曰:“知之者不如好之者,好之者不如乐之者。”这句话是非常有道理的,它深刻地阐释了学习兴趣对于学习的作用。 之所以把兴趣放在首位,也是因为兴趣是十分重要的。兴趣能够调度人的更多的精力在某一方面。如果你把兴趣调整到学习上,那你就比别人多了许多精力,胜算也就大一些。 经常向一个学习很好的人学习,3年来,最大的发现也莫过于:她对任何一个科目都充满了兴趣。这种兴趣,使它比别人多了一份求知欲。这种求知欲,使他不会放过每一个从她身边划过的知识。这也使她有了别人都难以做到的对于学习的一种艮劲,所以她能过做出许多别人做不出的难题,也使她可以把自己的基本功培养得十分强大。这足以体现兴趣的力量之大了。 培养兴趣也并非一件难事。在这里我只介绍两种方法。 可以利用人的条件反射,如果一个人总是疲劳时候读书学习,他一学习就想睡觉,长此以往,学习和睡觉建立了条件反射,学习的时候就总是无精打采的。这就是有些人上课总爱睡觉的缘故了。你可以在学习前做一些使自己身心愉悦的事情,学习的时候保持这种愉悦的心情。以后,愉快与学习就形成了条件反射,一学习就高兴,一高兴就学习。这样就做到了培养学习的兴趣。不过学习,其他方面也可以这样做。 兴趣需要别人的赞扬和鼓励。当你需要针对某一方面的兴趣时,你先硬着头皮做这种并不愿意做的事情,并投以很大的热情,争取做得好一点。得到别人的夸奖和鼓励,自然就更愿意做了,这样也可以培养兴趣。我初三的下半学期,有一个阶段政治很差,又没有什么兴趣。但我觉得必须提高政治的成绩了。于是我每天回家先写最难办的政治作业,经常主动地找政治老师探讨问题。就这两条措施,十天之内使我的成绩大有长进。 可以说:兴趣是学习中最活跃的因素,是影响学习成绩的主导因素,决定着学习中的一切其他方面。必须重视兴趣。 二、 务学与求道 还是要引用孔子的一段话:“学而不思则罔;思而不学则殆。”这句话可不是随便说说,是有着深刻内涵的。它揭示了务学与求道的基本关系。 务学就是学知识学本领,掌握技能;而求道是通过学习进一步思考得来的有关事物一般规律的普遍真理(在这里可以认为是那些有实践意义的理论)。务学与求道又可以理解为理论和实践之间的关系。 务学与求道必须协调发展,保证二者同步实施,同步发展。 务学和求道结合的好处很多,如果你感兴趣,可以找出苏轼的《日喻》来读读,那里已经叙述得很清楚了。 搞好务学与求道之间的关系,包括两方面的内容。一是在思考和实干结合上,二是在研究学习方法和实践学习方法上。 思考和实干必须结合:在学习中应该善于思考,从学到的每一点经过思考能够扩展出许多知识,这样就丰富了你学习的内容。这里仅举一例。初二物理学习压强时涉及了连通器原理。书上是这样写的:“上端开口、下部连通的容器叫连通器,连通器里的水不流动时,各容器中的水面总保持相平。”(人教版物理第一册2000年3月第一版156页)那么就可以这样思考上端不开口的是什么样子的(托利拆里管),思考下部不连通改为上部连通是什么(虹吸现象),思考连通器中不装水而装了两种不同的液体会怎样(液体压强的计算),思考连通器中的水如果流动会怎么样(液体流速对压强的影响),思考连通器有哪些应用(船闸的原理),思考在一个水面施加压力,另一个水面产生向上的压力是多少(帕斯卡定律,千斤顶的原理),思考如何证明水面会相平(平衡力)。一个定义,引出了7个思考。这样你的知识就大大地丰富了。 研究学习方法和实践学习方法必须结合:通过思考得到了学习的方法,就一定要试一试,通过尝试为自己积累许多宝贵的经验,通过反复的思考这些经验又能够想出新的学习方法。这样可以不断的有新的学习方法。这才是确定学习方法的方法。 搞好了务学与求道的关系,是使自己永远更新知识,丰富自己的头脑的必要条件,也是不断保持最新、最适用于自己的学习方法的要点。坚持思考与学习同步发展代表着先进的学习方法的发展要求,代表着先进学习理论的前进方向,代表了掌握最广大知识的能力水平。务学与求道必须协调发展,二者要同步实施,同步发展。 三、 自信是成功的第一秘诀 爱迪生说过:“自信是成功的第一秘诀。”自信在学习中是十分重要的,而且自信是学习的过程中容易忽视的部分之一。 有时候学习成绩不好,人们往往归结于自己的不够努力,或者不够聪明,往往忽视心理上对学习成绩的巨大影响。可以说:心理上的调整是要重于学习方法、学习态度(努力与否)的。在学习中,心里安静,就能够踏下心来认真学习,做题;心理积极就能够不断地将压力转化为动力,促进自己的前进;同样的,心里信任自己,总并不盲目地认为自己是对的,就能够不胡乱猜忌自己已经做出来的答案。这点看似很小,但起到了至关重要的作用,一是考试的时候,你会省下时间去检查那些自己确信正确的题目,一是考试以后你心里会变的有根。其实自信是一种生活态度,是一个成功者必备的素质。自信心不是无端地建立起来的,而是自己要有过硬的本领扎实的基础。这些会在下文中写到的。 做理科题应该能够做到:做完之后自己就知道正确与否。其实自信就是相信自己有能力解对题。它所起到的作用是将你已有的能力极大的发挥出来。他在你学习的过程中处处有所体现,所以它的作用的确是很大的可以说:我是自信造就的成功者,我的每一步成长都伴随着自信的更加成熟。 说了那么多,还是说一点实际的东西吧。你如果要创造自信,关键的就是要把自己放在一个强者的地位。如果你有强的科目,那你就可以找一个在这方面不如你的,对他说:“我决定要帮你学某某科的,有什么需要我帮忙的吗?”给他讲题,给他找题做。这是创造自信一个非常好的办法。也可以做一点别人多忽视的题,使成绩有很快的上升,也能够增强自信。 自信是最大限度发挥自己能力的前提条件。如果你有自信,你就可以说自己是一位不折不扣的成功者。 四、 态度决定一切 米卢说过:“态度决定一切。”这句话不仅适用于足球,同样适用于学习。 学习中的态度包括以下几个方面:主动、进取和奋斗。 拥有一个主动的态度十分重要,可以说:“天才,就是主动性的爆发。”遇到了每一件事绝不退缩,积极地去做,这就是一种主动的态度。主动可以使你比别人多许多做事的时间,可以比别人多做许多需要做的事情。你得到的练习就会很多,也更容易受到老师的关注。 进取可以让你不停地向上,防止人变得堕落。向上看,至少能够不往下走。这里不再多说。 奋斗也就是我们平常所说的努力。那种不怕苦,不怕累的精神在学习中也是需要的。看到了一道有意思的题,就不惜一切代价攻克它。为了学习,废寝忘食一点也不是难事,只要你做到了有兴趣。 态度是实力的前提,有良好的态度才能题得到自信、过硬等一系列的东西。态度和兴趣同等重要。 五、 不强调进步 说了那么多进步的东西,好像只要这样做就能够进步似的。其实事情并不像想象得那么简单。你进步别人也进步,就体现不出来。非但什么时候产生了跨越式发展了,才有可能看得出来。不进步或小幅度的退步是非常正常的。 如果你觉得自己停滞不前,那你就已经在进步了。如果你初中三年在学校的名次都没有变,那你就已经是进步了。因为你学的知识越来越难了。何况大家都在进步。 暂时的停步不前是为你得下一次更大的进步做准备,所以要把做出了巨大的努力之后没有效果作为平常的事情。毕竟有很多事情是不随人愿的。 六、 练就过硬的本领是学习的根本目的 过硬,就是基础扎实。这是学习的核心问题。记住,无论什么样的学习方法都必须有利于使自己的基础扎实,有利于培养自己良好的习惯及以更高水平的能力,有利于增强自己的学习兴趣及自信心。这是我们评判学习方法是否对自己有利的根本依据。而其中核心就是扎实的基础。 扎实的基础可以使成绩稳定,扎实的基础可以使每一次考试无所惧怕而坦然面对,扎实的基础保证做题的速度与质量兼得,扎实的基础可以使……它的好处很多很多。做到就更非易事。 据我理解做题时最好的方法,但不同的人做题会有不同的效果。做题少的人不一定学习差,做题多的人也不一定就成绩好。 做题有助于过硬,所以做题十分有必要。老师留的题不可不作,但自己也要根据自己的情况补充一些练习。 选题上是有学问的。做什么样的题要根据自己要达到什么样的目的来决定。要是自己做题更加熟练,就需要找一些并不是很新颖的一般题来做,这种题不厌多做,几十道题如果涵盖面广的话,可以多做上几遍。初二的时候,我的整式计算很差,几十道题全是枯燥的计算,我不停地做了好几遍,一上午就使自己的纯计算能力有了很大的长进。如果要多见见各种类型的题目就一定要找新颖的题。如果要锻炼自己的解体能力,就要找大题由简入深做下去。 做题一定要做细,必须落在笔上,最好能够写过程。只有做精做细,才有条件将来做大做强。做题切不可着急,需要心平气和,像品咖啡一样,慢慢地“品味”你所做的几道题。如果没有时间就不要做题。应该记住做题是“宁缺毋滥”的。 抽空做题也不是不可能,但最好细微的时间被用到文科上,这样文科和理科就能够综合地发展了。 七、 会玩、会偷懒、然后会学 把玩和偷懒放在一起,但他们实际上是两个问题。 玩主要指在学习之余要有一定的兴趣爱好,另外还要通过玩来放松身心,使下一次的学习更有效果。兴趣爱好可以使人有机会调整自己的身心,有办法通过更换自己的注意力所在,来调整自己的兴奋点。有了爱好,也有助于培养学习上的兴趣。爱好决不是占用学习时间没用的东西,它有利于提高对学习的兴趣,有利于提高学习及其他一些事情的效率。这种爱好必须是自己真正喜欢的,而不是别人逼迫的。做消耗体力的运动也能够缓解脑力上的疲劳。 偷懒实际上是指寻找更好的方法。这里只适用于理科。当遇到一道十分复杂的题目时,不要急于往下做,不要用麻烦的方法解决。花点时间想想有没有更好的方法。这样不仅节省了你解这道题的时间,也提高了你解决问题的能力。非常有作用。女生学理科不好很大的原因就是不懂得偷懒。 硬学不会有最好的成绩。如果多出去旅游还能丰富一下自己的经验,可以培养人的内在修养和外在阅历。人经常做到以上两点,可以变得有灵气。这就是有些人不那么努力就会取得很好成绩的道理了。 八、 考试、分析考试结果、做出下一步计划、调整自己 有一次数学考试,没带手表。考试的是很特别着急,结果十分不理想,由于着急好几道题都不会做了。从此我就再也没有在考试的时候带过表。考试,是一件平常的事情,应当以平常心对待。考试不过是检测你对知识到底掌握了多少。这仿佛就是测肺活量,测量你到底有多大的呼吸量。没有什么区别。应该抱着“有多大劲儿,吹多大气儿”的思想来考试。这样你就能够轻松地面对考试。 考过试了,就很自然地要分析考试。分析得正确与否,关系重大。 分析之前,假定这次说明不了什么问题,这样能够使分析错了的不良后果减小到最少。 第一步,想一想,这次考试自己满意不满意,对什么满意,又对哪些方面不满意。再想想,这次考试有没有什么特殊的,例如:第一次考试、没有复习的考试……如果有这种特殊情况,那么这里就可以得出结论了: 1、 考得不好,说明不了什么问题,我努力,我就不信下回我考不好的! 2、 考得好,说明不了什么问题,一时侥幸,还得努力,看下次才是印证我的实力的时候! 如果一切正常就进行下一步。 第二步,自己是不是偏科了。这时应对弱项多加练习 第三步,自己是智力因素还是非智力因素导致的丢分。智力因素就要调整自己的方法,非智力因素就要端正自己的态度。 第四步,作下一步学习的计划。 第五步,认真修改自己的分析。 最后,看看自己在年级里是进步了还是退步了,不要太在意,不过大幅度的下降需要一些非常手段了。 在学习的始终,贯穿的就是计划的制定。计划分为长期计划和短期计划。 短期计划要不停地制定,例如:晚上先写什么作业,最近几天的主要任务是什么(做哪的课外题、攻克哪方面的难关……)这都很好制定。 长期计划制定以后必须坚持谨记,卧薪尝胆就是长期计划成功的最好的例子。诸葛亮的隆中对也是十分成功的长期计划。 计划的制定切忌过高过大,尤其是短期计划,制定时必须考虑到它的可行性。而且每一步都要按照计划实行。 制定计划还要重视它的指导性。计划一定要有计划的价值。用它指导我们的学习工作。必须要看出计划是你的效率提高了,你的生活不再是那么没条理了才好。 说了这么多,关键还是要落实到行动上去。这就需要发现了自己的问题以后,对自己做出相应的调整。 如果你现在是这样,不调整你会永远是这样,不会发生变化。那么渐渐地你就失去了主动,再要想自主的调整就很难了

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