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自考本科英语口译笔记

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自考本科英语口译笔记

你好 南师大有 口译与听力 的考试大纲 你看一下 希望对你有所帮助00602口译与听力(实践)南京师范大学编江苏省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室一、课程目的与要求口译与听力是自学考试英语专业本科段的一门重要的语言实践课程。通过考生平时自学和实践以及条件允许下的课堂学习,在听力方面,考生应能基本听懂英语国家新闻媒体的新闻报道和和有关社会事件、经济发展、科技动态等领域的一般性节目,并能作简要的笔头摘要;在口译方面,要求考生能够较为熟练地运用英语能力、翻译技巧和背景知识,完成对包括有关外事接待、国际事务、中国国情及文化等诸多方面内容在内的语言材料进行汉英两种语言之间的口语转换。二、考试说明1.听力考试1)高级听力考试为水平考试,考试方式为考生听录音磁带,同时答题目。答卷分试题和答题纸两部分。考试全长约70分种,其中前60分钟为考生听录音答题时间(具体时值以录音实际长度为准)。录音结束后,考生有10分钟的时间把答案誊写到答题卡上。2)考试题型听力考试共有四个部分(Sections)。其中前两部分为客观题,形式为单项选择,即A、B、C、D四项中选一项。后两部分为主观题,形式为书面回答。总分值为50分。3)题型说明第一部分简要新闻理解(14分)这部分由7段简要新闻(news in brief)组成。一般为国际主要英语媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、MSNBC等提供的简要新闻报道。每段新闻相应在试题中有两个单项选择题。每段新闻的录音播放两遍,然后考生有30秒时间答题。第二部分详细报道理解(10分)这一部分由两段较长的录音构成。形式不一,一般是国际主要英语媒体的对新闻事件的详细报道(news in detail),也可能是国外广播电视英语节目的节选。每段报道相应在试题中有五个单项选择题。每段报道录音播放两遍,然后考生有一分钟时间答题。第三部分详细报道内容摘要(20分)这一部分由两段较长的录音构成,性质同第二部分相同。针对每一段录音,考试卷面上将给出有关该录音内容的两或三个关键词组,要求考生根据所听内容写出和关键词组相关的信息。录音播放两遍,每一遍后留有一分钟时间供考生书写答案。第四部分听写(6分)在这一部分,考生将听到一篇150-200词的录音。录音的文字印在卷面,上面有六处空白,要求考生把空白处的文字听写出来。每个空的文字量5词左右。录音连续不间断地播放三遍。2.口译考试1)口译考试为水平考试。形式为考官面试。从考试的客观公平出发,每位考生必须同时接受至少两位考官的测评。口译的内容事先录制在磁带上,届时为考生播放,考生做即席口译。2)考试程序口译考试分为两部分,汉译英和英译汉。汉译英部分汉译英部分有两个阶段。第一阶段是单句口译,总计15分。考生将听到4句话,每句中文30字左右。内容涉及日常生活、外事安排、中国国情、中国文化等。每一句的录音播放之后,考生应在30秒内译出该句。第二阶段是段落口译,计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾,第二遍录音播放时,在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间译出该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。英译汉部分英译汉部分有两个阶段。第一阶段是单句口译,总计15分。考生将听到4句话,每句英语30词左右。内容涉及日常生活、外国人在华生活、国际事务等。每一句的录音播放之后,考生应在30秒内译出该句。第二阶段是段落口译,计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾,第二遍录音播放时,在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间译出该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。3)口译总体要求全部或绝大部分信息被译出,译法准确得当,重点词汇翻译准确,语音地道,语流顺畅,基本上一次完成,允许有少许自然停顿。三、学习方法由于客观条件的限制,加上广大自考生不可能有很多时间投入到外语实践这一情况,学好“口译与听力”对他们来说有着相当大的难度。口译与听力要求学习者有很大的语言输入和语言实践,仅仅依靠课本,显然是不够的。课本只是给学生提供了一个学习的框架,真正水平的提高要靠平时的自学。要想提高听力理解能力,首先要保证语言素材的大量输入。本科段的高级听力给考生提出了更高的要求,既在实践层次上的要求——听真实材料。考生不能把目光只盯在教科书上,翻来覆去地听课本所配磁带是不会有大长进的。应该说虽然英语在中国的使用从总体来讲还是相当有限,但今天的改革开放和信息社会已经使英语无处不在。世界上主要媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、CCTV-9等的播音节目都可能通过电视或互联网获得。英语国家的大报如Washington Post、New York Times等都在互联网上提供新闻广播或视频观看服务。国内目前有大量的各种英语原声杂志和琳琅满目的英语原版电影DVD光盘。这些都是练习听力的好材料。在练习听力的时候,要注意方法,讲求收效。练习听力要保持从材料中索取信息的兴趣和兴奋度,保证定时定量,把握难易度,根据不同的材料性质决定精听和泛听。听时最好有录音的文字稿,这样可以对照检验,分析没有听懂的原因,逐步地提高听力水平。在口译学习上,考生需要付出的精力更多。口译是一种复杂的综合语言技能,需要知识、能力和心理素质的共同参与。练习口译注意抓住几个方面。一是英语水平的培养。口译几乎可以说是包括全部语言技能在内的一种综合技能。平时口译的机会很少,学习者可以多做一些笔译练习,打下扎实的外语语言基本功。经常注意英汉两种语言在表达方法、甚至在文化思维定势上的差异,逐渐摆脱中式英语,向地道的英语迈进。二是口译工作带有鲜明的时代特点。随着社会的发展,新的语汇和新的表达法不断地涌现,这就要求学习者在平时注意观察和积累。收集对同一事件的中英文两种报道,对照学习,这不失为一种好办法。三要注意口译工作自身的特点,即译员必须及时且独立地完成口译。这就意味着掌握好准确性和灵活性的结合。实质性的内容必须准准无误地译出,而一些诗句、成语、俚语、俗语、个人习惯用语等则要灵活处理,译成对方文化易于理解的内容。四.自学教材听力:《英语高级听力》,何其莘等编著,外语教学与研究出版社,2002年。口译:《高级口译教程》,梅德明编著,上海外语教育出版社,2006年。

你好南京自考英语本科的口译与听力课程 是实践课程 没有历年试题

你好南京师范大学,口译和听力考试,你看你想帮助的轮廓00602口译与听力(实践)的代码,南京师范大学,江苏省,高等教育自学考试委员会办公室一,课程目标和要求口译和听力自学英语本科段是一个重要的语言实践课程。考生平时自学和实践,以及条件允许在听课堂学习,考生应该能够了解基本的英语国家新闻媒体的新闻报道和相关的社会活动,经济发展,科学技术的发展领域,如一般程序和一个简短的书面总结,解释,要求考生更熟练的使用英语能力,翻译技能和知识背景完成,包括外事接待,国际事务中,中国的国情和文化等许多其他方面,包括中国英语语言材料两种语言之间的口语转换。 二,考试 1。听力考试1)高级听力考试能力测试考试的考生听录音带,而标题。受访者的问题和答题纸两部分。考试总长度约70分钟,前60分钟的时间倾听和回答考生(特定价值主体的实际长度的记录)。考生有10分钟的录音结束后,抄写在答题纸上的答案。 2)考题听力考试有四个部分(段)。其中前两个分为客观题的形式单一选择,即A,B,C,D四个选择。经过两年在以书面答复的形式,分为主观题。总的得分是50分。说明3)各类问题第一部分简要新闻的理解(14分)这七个段落组成部分,提供了一个简短的新闻(简明新闻)组成。一般来说主要的国际英文媒体,如BBC,VOA,CNN,NPR,MSNBC和其他简短的新闻报道。每一条消息,相应的两个选择题。记录每按一次玩两次,然后,考生有30秒钟的回答。 详细报告理解的第二部分(10)该部分由两部分较长的记录。形式不一,一般主要国际英文媒体报道的新闻事件(详细新闻),也可能是外国电台和电视台的英语节目摘录。对应于各分部报告五个选择题。每个报告的录音播放两次,然后,考生有一分钟的时间回答。 第三部分详细报告摘要(20分)这部分包括两段长时间录音,性质相同的第二部分。鉴于考试将在每个部分的录音,一本书的开头两个或三个关键短语和关键短语,要求考生写他们听什么相关信息记录的内容。录音离开的考生将答案写在一分钟后再次打两次。 听写第四部分(6分)在本节中,考生会听到录音150-200字。卷面印上的文字记录,6个空白,要求考生在下面的空白处文字听写。每个空字的文字量。录制不间断播放三次。 2。口译考试1)解释考试能力测试。形式的考官专访。考试客观公正的评价,每名候选人必须接受至少两名监考。预先录制在磁带上的内容的解释,然后为考生发挥,考生做交替传译。 2)解释的考试程序,考试分为两部分,中国人对英语和英语中国。 英语翻译部分英语翻译部分有两个阶段。 第一阶段是一个单句的解释,共15分。考生会听到4个句子,每个句子中国约30万字。内容涉及日常生活,外事安排,中国的国情,中国的文化。考生应该在30秒内播放的记录后,翻译句子。 段解释,10点。考生会听到约1分钟的讲话录音。录音播出两次。首先通过不间断的从开始到结束,第二次录像回放,考生有30秒的播放器后,翻译句子。这一阶段的考生可以记笔记。 英国对中国部分英国对中国部分有两个阶段。 第一阶段是一个单句的解释,共15分。考生会听到4个句子,每个句子大约30个英语单词。日常生活中,生活在中国的外国人的内容,国际事务。考生应该在30秒内播放的记录后,翻译句子。 段解释,10点。考生会听到约1分钟的讲话录音。录音播出两次。首先通过不间断的从开始到结束,第二次录像回放,考生有30秒的播放器后,翻译句子。这一阶段的考生可以记笔记。 3)一般要求全部或绝大部分的信息被翻译解释,翻译的准确和正确,准确的翻译关键词,真实的声音,语言的畅通,基本上一次,允许有少自然停顿。 学习方法,由于客观条件的限制,再加上与广大自考生不能有大量的时间投入到国外的语言实践,学习口译和听力“为他们的相当大的难度。口译和听觉学习者需要有大量的语言输入和语言实践中,单纯依靠教科书,显然是不够的,课本是为学生提供一个学习的框架,要真正提高水平,依靠平时的自我。为了提高听力,首先要保证有大量输入的语言材料。本科段高级听力的候选人提出了更高的要求,无论是在实践层面 - 听的真材实料,考生都不会获准来看看只盯在教科书中,讲课用胶带以上和超过再没有增长。应该可以说,在中国使用的英语是仍然相当笼统的限制,但今天的改革和对外开放和信息社会英语无处不在。全球主要媒体,如BBC,VOA,CNN,NPR,CCTV-9和其他广播节目可能会被获得通过电视或互联网。“华盛顿邮报”等各大报纸的英语为母语的国家,纽约时报都可以在互联网上新闻节目或视频观看服务。国内种类繁多的英语原声杂志,英文原版电影DVD光盘阵列,这些都是练习听力的好材料,在练习听力,要注意,压力有效练习听力材料,保证定期定量地把握难易程度,取决于材料的性能决定罚款和泛听的请求的信息,保持兴趣和兴奋。最佳录音逐字听,这样你就可以控制检查,分析不明白其中的道理,并逐步提高听力水平。,解释的学习,考生需要付出更多的努力。口译是一种复杂的语言技能,知识,能力和心理素质共同参与。实践译员瞩目的几个方面。首先,英语文化解读可以说,几乎所有的语言技能,包括一个全面的技能。通常解释的机会很少,学习者可以做一些翻译练习,打下了坚实的外语基础随着社会的发展,新词汇语言技能。始终注意英文的表达,即使在文化心态上的差异,并逐步摆脱中式英语朝着地道的英语口译工作具有鲜明的时代特征。和新的表现形式不断涌现,这就要求学生平时的观察和积累,收集对同一事件中英文报道,对照学习,这是一个好办法。三,我们要注意自己的口译工作的特点,及时和独立口译员,口译员必须完成,这意味着,准确性和灵活性相结合的掌握。实质性的内容必须是准准的正确翻译的诗句,成语,俚语,口语化的语言,个人习惯,将有要灵活,易于理解的内容翻译成对方的文化。4。自学材料听到:“英语听力七莘路外语教学研究出版社,2002年。 解读:“高级口译教程,德明编辑由上海外语教育出版社,2006年。

我们本科有管理类的几个专业。

自考本科英语口译笔记完整版

Unit9(第26讲—第28讲) 本课简介 在learned words and popular words这篇课文中,作者对学术词汇和普通词汇进行了定义。讲述了两类词汇之间的差异,并且指出把词分为学术的和普通的方便而且有道理。但是人们必须注意,把普通词汇理解为属于大众所有的词,而不是某个特定阶层的人们所拥有的东西。学术词汇也并非有学问之人专用,只是它的存在是由于书籍和文学的培养而不是日常会话的实际需要。 本课主要语言点 1. In every cultivated language there are two great classes of words which, taken together, make up the whole vocabulary. class在本句中的意思是“种类”,相当于type, category.如: 1)It is very difficult to meet the needs of various classes of readers.(要满足各种读者的需要十分困难) 2)How many classes are you going to divide these books? (你打算把这些书分成几类?) class 还常用来表示“等级”,如:a second-class hotel (二等旅馆); an economy-class ticket (经济舱票);fly first class (乘头等舱航空旅行)。 class 也可以用动词用,意思是“把 …分类;把…看作”,如: 1)At 19 you are still classed as a teenager.(到了十九岁,你仍旧是青少年。) 2)He was classed as a genius (他被看作为天才) make up 在本句中的意思是“组成、构成”,请看例句: 1)Twenty-six boys and twenty-four girls make up the class (二十六名男生和二十四名女生组成了这个班) 2)Twelve doctors made up the medical team (十二名医生组成医疗队) 用被动语态时则应用be made up of,如: This engine is made up of 490 parts (这台发动机是由四百九十个部件装配而成的) taken together 过去分词短语做后置定语,对中心词做一些附加说明,相当于一个非限定性定语从句,要用逗号和中心词隔开,如: All the letters in the drawer, written in pencil, are from my brother.(抽屉里的这些用铅笔写的信都是我弟弟写的。) 2. First, there are those words with which we become familiar in ordinary conversation, which we learn, that is to say, from the members of our own family and from our friends, and which we should know and use even if we could not read or write. 句子中which引导的都是定语从句,修饰中心词words.第一个which的前面有介词with,这儿的with是familiar with中的介词前置了。Familiar with 意为“熟悉”。如:Are you familiar with the man standing over there?(站在那边的那个人你熟悉吗?) 请注意familiar with 与familiar to 的区别,familiar with 的主语通常是人,而familiar to的主语通常是物。如: 1)I am not familiar with this place. 2) This place is mot familiar to me. that is to say 是插入语,其作用是对整个一句话进行解释,类似的插入语还有so to speak, if I may say so, if you don't mind等等,如: 1)I'd really rather not go, if you don't mind 我确实不想去,你如果不介意的话。 2) The new emperor was, so to speak, a puppet.新皇帝可以说是个傀儡。 3.They concern the common things of life, and are the stock in trade of who speak the language concern 在句中的意思是“涉及,有关于”,如: 1)Don't interfere in things that don't concern you (别干预跟你无关的事)。 2)The energy problem concerns us all (能源问题关系到我们每个人) stock的意思很多,如“存货”,“股票”,“公债券”,“牲畜”等。 1)They hold a rich stock of information (他们掌握着丰富的材料) 2)You cannot buy it because it's out of stock (你买不成了,货品已经脱销) 3)He used to have a stock farm (他曾经拥有一个畜牧场) 4)The fridge was carefully stocked up with food.(冰箱里周到地放满了食品) stock in trade 也可以写成stock in trade,意思是“例行工作”,“常规”,如: 1)Complaints were a stock in trade of an airport manager's job (机场经理的工作就是常常面对投诉) 2)He was the master of black humor, it was his stock in trade (他是黑色幽默大师,黑色幽默是他的专长) 4.Such words may be called “popular”, since they belong to the people at large and are not the possession of a limited class only. since 在句中引导的是一个原因状语从句,请看例句: 1)Since it was Saturday, he got up very late (因为是周六,他起床很晚。) 2)You can take the place of him since he is not interested (你可以取代他,因为他对这事不感兴趣) at large 在本句中的意思是“整个”,这个词组的意思还有很多,请看下面的句子: 1)The people at large love peace (大多数人热爱和平) 2)The virus is still at large (这种病毒还在蔓延) 3)The murderer is still at large (杀人犯仍逍遥法外) 4)He talked at large about his plans (他详尽地谈了自己的计划) 5)They made the arrangements at large (他们随意地做了安排 ) 5. 请注意区别与possession 有关的两个词组:in possession of sth……和 in the possession of sb. 1)He is in possession of this house (他拥有这所房子) 2)The house is in the possession of him 3)On the other hand, our language includes large number of words which are relatively seldom used in ordinary conversation. 英语中有许多表示启承转合的词语,阅语中注意这些词有助于我们提高理解力,写作中注意用这些词,有助于我们把文章写得连贯、有条理。On the other hand 在本句中用来表示不同或相反的语气,在前一段中讲了popular word 这一段中作者则要讲讲learned words. 表示不同或相反语气的词还有很多,比如:Conversely, however, on the contrary, unlike, whereas, yet等等。 前面我们提到过number可以与可数名词连用,而amount可与不可数名词连用,如: 1)A large number of students have passed the exam (许多学生已经通过了考试) 2)They paid a large amount of money for the house (他们付了一大笔钱买了这座房子) 6.Their meanings are known to every educated person, but there is little occasion to use them at home occasion 通常可以做可数名词用,意思是“时刻、场合”;也可以做不可数名词用,意思是:“必要性、需要;机会”。如: 1)They're met on several occasions (他们已相遇过好几次) 2)They are occasions when you find it difficult to say “Good-bye”。(有时候你会觉得说“再见”很难。) 3)I don't remember I had occasion to blame him (我不记得我有责备他的必要) 7.In the latter, we are using a Latin Derivation which has exactly the same meaning 在前一句中用了“in the first case,” 本句中的“in the latter ”是指in the latter case .对两件事分别进行表述时,可以用in the first case, in the latter case 这一类词,条理非常清楚,也可以用the former,the latter 来表述。derivation 是derive 的名词形式。Latin derivation 意思是“拉丁语词源的词”,请看例句: 1)These words are derived from Latin (这些词由拉丁语派生而来) 2)The derivation of words is interesting (词的派生很有意思) 8. The terms “popular” and “learned”, as applied to words, are not absolute definitions.本句中的term意思是“术语、名称”,如: 1) I don't know how to put this term into Chinese (我不知道如何把这一术语译成中文) 2) Writer is hardly the term to apply to him (“作家”这一名称很难用在他身上) term 还有“期限;任期;学期”的意思,如: 1)During his 4-year term of office, he did a lot of things for the common people.(在他四年的任职期间,他为普通百姓做了不少事。) 2) He decided to rum for a second term (他决定竞选连任。) 3) The autumn term is coming to an end (秋学期快要结束了。) apply to 在句中的意思是“用于”,如: 1)This rule applies to upper class students only (这条规则只适用于高年级学生。) 2)I don't think what he says applies to you (我想他的话对你不适用) 3)They are eager to apply the theory to practice (他们急切地想把这一理论用于实践) apply for 则是“申请”的意思,如: 1)How many people have applied for the job?(有多少人申请了这个工作?) 2)They applied for permission to use the tennis court (他们申请使用网球场。) 9. Still the classification into “learned” and “popular” is convenient and sound .本句中的sound是形容词,意思是“正确的;明智的”,如: 1)He felt so happy that he had made a sound decision.(做了正确的决定,他感到很高兴。) 2)He was so carried away by power that he could not make any sound judgement(他被权力冲昏了头脑,无法做出任何明智的判断) 请看下面几个句子,注意sound 在句中的意思: 1)He is sound in body and mind (他身心健康) 2)The house is sound .Don't hesitate to buy it (这所房了完好无损,别犹豫,买下它) 3)The baby is having a sound sleep.(宝宝在酣睡) 4)Father gave him a sound beating.(父亲给他一顿痛打) 10.When we call a word “learned” we don't mean that it is used by learned persons alone, but simply that its presence in the English vocabulary is due to books and the cultivation of literature rather than to the actual needs of ordinary people not (that)…。but (that)。意思“不是…。而是。”如: 1)I came here again not because I enjoy the scenery so much but because I like the people .(我又来这儿,不是因为我多喜欢这儿的景色,而是我爱这儿的人们。) 2)By calling him Shylock, I don't mean that he is named Shylock,but that he is as miserly as Shylock.(叫他夏洛克,我不是说他的名字叫夏洛克,而是说他像夏洛克一样吝啬。) due to 在句中的意思是“由于”,如: 1)His failure was due to carelessness (他的失败是由于粗心。) 2)Due to lack of funds,they had to postpone the project.(由于缺少资金,他们不得不推迟计划) rather than 在本句的意思是“不是…而是……”,“与其……不如…” 1) He is a writer than a teacher (与其说他是教师,不如说他是作家。) 2)He lay rather than sit in the armchair (与其说他是坐在扶手椅上不如说是躺在里面。) 本课主要词组 1.make up 2.be familiar with 3.learn from 4.belong to 5.at large 6.on the other hand 7.be knows to 8.acquaintance with 9.in a style 10. be of importance 11. in the first case 12. in the latter (case) 13. in print 14. apply to 15. come up 16. as to 17. as a whole 18. due to 19. rather than Text B how should you build up your vocabulary? 短语表达 1. build up (建立;增强;增加) They worked hard to build up the friendship between the people in two countries. Get plenty of exercise every to build up your health. 2. come across (穿过,出现;遇到) They came across the street to meet me. A good idea came across my mind We are bound to come across difficulties, but we are determined to overcome them. 3. look up (查阅) If there are words you don't understand, look them up in the dictionary . For further information about this matter, look up this book. 4. at top speed (以速度) He drove his car at top speed It's dangerous to corner at top speed 5. depend on (依靠;取决于) We'll depend mainly on ourselves to solve the problem. The accomplishment of the task depends on the solution of this major problem. 6. make sense (有意义、讲得通) What he said just now didn't make any sense to me. This sentence doesn't make any sense. 7. try doing sth(尝试做某事) You can try using another method to go it He tried climbing the mountain without any help. 8. come up with (提出,想出;提供) He is expected to come up with some ideas after he thinks about the problem. The TV network will come up with better shows in the future. 9. lead to(导致) Our discussions led to confusion. The earthquake led to heavy loss of life. 10. after all (毕竟) Don't expect too much of him, he is, after all, a child of 10. We didn't finish all the work. After all, we didn't have enough hands 11. provide with (提供) It is necessary that you provide them with all the equipment We are satisfied to be provided with these kitchen utensils 12. begin with (以……开始) The first word of a sentence should begin with a capital letter . To begin with, we ought to know what we are here for.

Unit13(第38讲—第40讲) 15、effective adj. 有效果的,有成效的 1) We have to take effective measures to control pollution. (我们得采取有效措施控制污染。) 2) I hope the medicine can be effective. (我希望这药有效。) 本课简介 态度友善、衣着得体、热切助人的保险代理人的来电或造访常令美国人不安,甚至戒备,这是为什么呢?本文作者列举了美国人不愿谈论保险的三个原因。其一是保险昂贵,各类保险成了大多数美国家庭的一大花费;其二是保险总令人想到自己生活于其中的世界充满了不安全因素。人们得面对疾病、伤害、死亡、经济损失等种种不幸;其三是保险是一个困难而复杂的问题,能完全弄明白这个问题的人少而又少,掩饰无知的方式是避免谈论。然而,这正是由于上述三个原因,人们有必要对保险问题多多了解,才能成为明智的消费者,才能理智地正视保险问题,才能避免成为“保险盲”。 本课主要语言点 1. Yet few Americans really enjoy visiting with these eager, helpful men and women. 在前一单元中,我们已讲到过few 通常否定,意思是“很少的,几乎没有的”,本句中的few 同样表示否定意味。 动词enjoy 的后面跟名词或者动名词,不能跟动词不定式,如: 1)He enjoys classical music. (他喜欢古典音乐。) 2)She enjoys going to concerts. (她喜欢赴音乐会。) 3)Painting is something that Mary really enjoys doing. (画画是玛丽真正喜欢做的事。) visit with 是美国用法,意思是“访问;在…处做客、逗留”,如: 1)She will come and visit with you for a few weeks. (她会来你这儿做客住上几个星期的。) 2)He hasn't visited with his uncle since 1990. (他从1990年至今没有拜访过他叔叔。) eager 是一个形容词,通常用于词组 be eager to do sth. 1) They are eager to get the information. (他们急切地想得到那信息。) 2)The little boy was eager to tell his parents that he won the first prize.(那个小男孩急切地想告诉父母他得了一等奖。) 2.We are on guard when they visit our homes. guard 这个词既可做名词用,也可做动词用。做名词用时,意思是“看守;守卫;警惕;”做动词用时,意思是“保卫,保护;看守。” 1)He works as a door guard for that company. (他在那家公司做门警。) 2)They will give him an armed guard. (他们会给他配备一队武装卫兵。) 3)I was immediately on guard when father mentioned that incident. (父亲提起那件事,我就立刻提防起来。) 4)Police were sent to guard his house. (警察被派去守卫他的房子。) 5)She had been locked in her room and guarded day and night. (她被锁在房间里日夜看守着。) 6)The old man told his son to guard against conceit. (那位老人嘱咐他的儿子谨防骄傲。) 3.Three reasons why we are unwilling to discuss insurance can be suggested. 本句的主要成份是:Three reasons can be suggested. Why引导的是一个定语从句,修饰reasons.如: 1)The reason why she refused my help is unknown. (没人知道她拒绝我的帮助的原因。) 2)The room where Mary used to live has been painted blue. (玛丽曾经住过的那个房间已被漆成了蓝色。) 3)The day when John came was cold. (约翰来的那天很冷。) 4. In effect, they pay as much for the insurance as they do for the car itself. in effect 意思是“实质上;实际上”,如: 1)They have in effect been severely punished. (他们实际上已受到严厉惩罚。) 2)In effect, she has no choice. (实际上她没有选择。) 3)What in effect I'm saying is that he couldn't keep his promise. (我实质上要说的是,他不可能信守诺言。) 请注意pay和spend两个动词的用法: 1)He paid 100 yuan for that used bicycle. (他出100元买那辆旧自行车。) 2)He spent 100 yuan on that used bike. 5. Insurance also reminds us that we live in an unsafe world. 在词汇部分,我们已讲过remind这个词的词意及用法,再巩固一下: remind sb. of sth. 1) I remind him of his promise. (我提醒他许下的诺言。) 2)Her smile reminds me of her mother.(她的微笑使我想起了她的母亲。) remind sb. about sth. 1) Don't forget to remind him about the meeting. (别忘记提醒他开会的事。) 2)He called to remind me about the return ticket. (他打来电话提醒我回程票的事。) remind sb. to do sth. 1) Remind me to turn off the computer. (提醒我关电脑。) 2)Mother reminded him to air the quilt when it is fine. (母亲提醒他天气好时晒晒被子。) remind + 从句 1)I was reminded how his attitude had changed. (我注意到他的态度改变了。) 2)Remind his that he has to go to the parents' meeting. (提醒他去参加家长会。) 6.…in our hearts we hope that we might be spared. spare做形容词用时,意思是“多余的;空闲的;俭朴的”。如: 1)In his spare time he wrote some short stories. (他用余暇写了一些短篇故事。) 2)Sorry, I don't have any spare cash. Can I write a check? (对不起,我没有多余的现钱,我可以开支票吗?) 3)He is keen on this spare lifestyle. (他喜欢这种俭朴的生活。) 在本句中,spare用作动词,意思是“饶恕;使免遭”。如: 1)He begged them to spare his life. (他求他们饶他一命。) 2)You may spare yourself the trouble. (你不必找此麻烦。) 3)Call him and spare yourself a visit. (给他打个电话,省得你自己跑一趟。) spare 也可以表示“抽出时间;出让”。如: 1)Can you spare me 5 minutes? (你能抽出5分钟时间给我吗?) Spare me 50 yuan and I will return the money on payday. (借给我50元钱,发工资那天我就还你。) 7. …We would rather talk about football or the weather or what we had for lunch. 在world rather 后面应用动词的原形形式。如: 1)I would rather stay at home. (我宁愿呆在家里。) 2)He would rather go and play football than go to the cinema. (他宁愿去踢足球,而不愿去看电影。) 3)I would rather you didn't tell me the truth. (我宁愿你没告诉我真话。) 在第三句中,would rather 后面跟的是从句,从句中的动词用虚拟语气形式。 what we had for lunch意思是“午饭吃了什么”。如: 1)What did you have for breakfast? (你早饭吃了什么?) 2)I had nothing but a cup of coffee for breakfast. (早饭我只喝了一杯咖啡。) 8.Neither should we depend entirely on the agent when we buy insurance. 当否定词放在句首时,句子通常用倒装。如: 1)Never in my life have I seen such a beautiful place. (我一生中从没见过这么美丽的地方。) 2)Tom doesn't like pop music. Neither does his wife. (汤姆不喜欢流行音乐,他妻子也不喜欢。) 3)In no case will he give up the experiment. (无论如何他都不会放弃那个试验。) 4)Not only was he a teacher, but also a poet. (他不仅是一位教师,还是一位诗人。) 9.It is better that we plan for these situations by finding means to deal with them than to just hope that they will somehow go away. plan 一般可用作及物动词,而本句中的动词plan 作不及物动词用。 1)We will plan our weekend at noon. (中午时我们将安排周末的活动。) 2)I planned to go and meet him at the station. (我打算去车站接他。) 3)We should plan for our future. (我们应该筹划未来。) deal with意思是“处理,对付;论述” 1)This is a book dealing with the skills of reading, writing and speaking. (这是一本论述读、写、说技能的书。) 2)The man is difficult to deal with. (那人很难打交道。) 3)There will be a lot of difficulties to be dealt with when you start your own business.(你开始自己做生意时会有许多困难要克服。) 10.Quite the opposite 本句的意思是“恰巧相反”,有时我们也可以用just the opposite.如: They are very excited. I am quite the opposite. (他们很兴奋,我则恰好相反。) 本课主要词组 1. be interested in2. be eager to 3. be of help4. visit with 5. be on guard 6. at best 7. be unwilling to 8. first of all 9. a sum of10. pay for 11. in effect12. remind…of 13. would rather 14. depend on 15. look…in the face 16. plan for 17. deal with18. go away 19. neither…nor Text B What is money and what are its functions? 短语表达 1. be familiar with I am not familiar with the book he mentioned in his lecture. 2. throughout He never stopped learning throughout his life. We want to make this place known throughout the world. 3. a number of A number of ways have been suggested to control air pollution. A number of students have applied for this part-time job. 4. rule out The regulations rule out anyone under the age of 16. The possibility of suicide has been ruled out. Heavy rain ruled the match out for that day. 5. search for The police are still searching for survivors of the plane crash. They are searching the wood for the lost child. 6. worth This bike is worth 250 yuan. I don't think a two-day vacation is worth much. 7. respond to How did he respond to what you said? 8. rather than He is a writer rather than a teacher. Rather than cause trouble, he left. 9. in terms of She was asked to express her idea in terms of science. We usually measure the value of material goods in terms of money. 10. be conscious of I was not conscious of what was happening. He was not conscious of his mistake. 11. convert to Water can be converted to electricity. He wanted to convert the US dollars to RMB.

Unit1 Text A How to be a successful language learner? 本课主要单词 1. successful adj. 成功的 He is a successful writer. (他是一个有成就的作家。) He hopes he will be successful this time. (他希望他这次能够成功。) success n. 成功 Their film is a great success.(他们的影片很成功。) We are sure of success. (我们一定能成功。) succeed v. 成功 I succeeded in getting the job. (我成功地得到了这份工作。) She succeeded in passing the exam. (她考试及格了。) 2. adult adj. & n. 成年的,成熟的;成年人 These adult films are not suitable for children.(这些成人电影,儿童不宜观看。) Don''t worry too much about him, he is an adult now.(别为他过分担心,他是成年人了。) 3. disagree vi. 有分歧,不同意;不符,不一致 agree vi. 同意 I disagree with you about this.〔对于这件事,我跟你的意见不同。〕 These figures disagree with last week''s results.(这些数据与上周的结果不符。) I agree with what you said. (我同意你所说的。) She agreed to the plan.(她赞成这个计划。) We haven''t agreed on the date of the meeting.(我们还没商定会议的日期。) agreement n. 同意;协议 disagreement n. 不同意 We haven''t reached an agreement yet.(我们还没达成协议。) There was no disagreement, and the proposal was accepted.(没有不同意见,这个建议被接受了。) (请注意:前缀dis-通常可以加在动词,名词,形容词前面,构成反意词。例如:dissatisfy,disorder,disable. 后缀-ment加在动词的后面,构成名词。例如:arrangement,argument 等。) 4. statement n. 声明,陈述 (由动词state 加名词后缀-ment构成) Very soon he made his first public statement about the affair. (他很快就此事件首次发表公开声明。) Do you believe the witness''s statement? (你相信证人的陈述吗?) (请注意动词与名词的搭配:issue a statement, make a statement) 5. guarantee n. & v. 保证,担保,保修 He gave his guarantee that he would repay the money as soon as he could.(他保证他会尽快还钱。) The washing machine is guaranteed for five years.(这台洗衣机保用5年。) (请注意guarantee做动词的用法:guarantee sth.,guarantee that, guarantee against / from ) 6. intelligent adj. 聪明的,明智的 He made an intelligent decision.(他做出了明智的决定。) Human beings are much more intelligent than animals.(人类远比动物聪明。) Intelligence n. 聪明,智力 She prided herself on her intelligence.(她为自己的聪明感到自豪。) Intelligently adv. 聪明地,明智地 They dealt with the problem intelligently.(他们明智地处理了这个问题。) 7. conversely adv. 相反地 Some are wealthy but unhappy; conversely, others are happy but not wealthy. (有的人富有但不快乐,相反,另一些人快乐但不富有。) converse adj. 相反的 I hold the converse opinion.(我的观点相反。) converse v. 交谈,谈话 He felt it difficult to converse with Helen in English.(他觉得跟海伦用英语交谈很困难。) 8. similar adj. 相似的,类似的 The two animals are similar to each other in appearance.(这两只动物外表很相似。) similarity n. 相似,类似 Their differences are more noticeable than their similarities.(他们的不同之处比相同之处更明显。) 9. independent adj. 独立的,自主的 (这个词的词根是depend,在depend的后面加上后缀 -ent可以构成形容词,加上 -ence则可以构成名词;在dependent,dependence前面加上前缀 in- 又可以构成反义词。) depend v. 依靠,依赖 dependence n. 依靠,依赖 dependent adj. 依靠的,依赖的 independence n. 独立,自主 India won its independence in 1947.(印度于1947年赢得了独立。) 10. clue n. 线索,提示 The police searched all the houses but found no clues.(警察搜索了所有的房屋,但是没有发现任何线索。) (注意用法:find /give a clue to sth.) 11. conclusion n. 结论,推论 conclude v. 断定,决定 (注意用法:come to a conclusion,jump at a conclusion,draw a conclusion,reach a conclusion) What conclusions did you come to?(你得出了什么结论?) 12. communicate v. 交流,交际,通讯 communication n. 交流,通讯 communicative adj. 爱说话的 To communicate with him is no easy job, as he is not a communicative person.(他是一个不爱说话的人,与他交流可不容易。) Speech and writing are man''s most important methods of communication.(说和写是人类最重要的交流方式。) 13. inexact adj. 不正确的,不精确的 与independent一样,该词是由形容词 exact加前缀in- 构成的。 14. incomplete adj. 不完整的 complete adj.& v. 完整的;完成 This is an incomplete sentence, please add the omitted part and make it complete. 〔这是一个不完整的句子,请加上省略的成分使其完整。〕 I don''t think I can complete the work in 2 hours. 〔我想我在两小时内干不完这活。〕 15. purpose n. 目的,意图,用途 purposeful adj. 有目的的,有意图的 purposefully adv. 有目的地,蓄意地 The purpose of the meeting was to discuss his proposal.〔会议的目的是讨论他的建议。〕 He let out the information purposefully to you.〔他有意向你透露了这个消息。〕 16. regularly adv. 经常地,定期地 regular adj. 经常的,定期的 irregular adj. 不规则的,无规律的 If you review your lessons regularly, you will do well on tests. 〔如果你定期复习功课,就能在考试中取得好成绩。〕 17. technique n. 技术,技巧,手艺 Good study techniques help him to be one of the straight A students in his class. 〔良好的学习技巧使他成为班上的全优生之一。〕 18. outline v.& n. 概括;大纲,提纲;轮廓 He listened carefully as I outlined my reasons.〔在我简述我的原因时,他认真地听着。〕 The English teacher asked us to write a brief outline of the story. 〔英语老师让我们写这篇故事的概要。〕 He saw the outline of the house in the moonlight.(在月光下,他看到了那座屋子的轮廓。) 本课主要词缀 1. 名词后缀 -ment agreement, statement 2. 名词后缀 -ation, -ion, -sion communication, completion, conclusion 3. 名词后缀 -ity similarity, regularity 4. 名词后缀 -ence intelligence, independence 5. 形容词后缀 -ful successful, purposeful 6. 副词后缀 -ly conversely, regularly, purposefully 7. 反义词前缀 in inexact, incomplete, independent 8. 反义词前缀 dis disagree, discover 本课简介 How to Be a Successful Language Learner 是一篇典型的说明文。此类文章通常以逻辑顺序安排材料,作者要回答HOW或WHY方面的问题。在说明文的阅读与写作中,要注意抓主题句以及使文章内容启承转合的常用词句。 本课中,作者从一句引言入手,先谈了人们对语言学习的看法,然后阐述了自己对学好语言的看法。文章条理十分清楚,对我们学写说明文很有帮助。 本课语言点 1. Learning a language is easy. 这是一个 主语+动词+表语 (SVP)句型。句中learning a language为动名词短语,在句子中做主语。再如: Forgetting the past means betrayal.(忘记过去就意味着背叛。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 阅读英语比讲英语容易。 (Reading English is easier than speaking it.) 2) 集邮是我弟弟的爱好。(Collecting stamps is my little brother''s hobby.) 2. Even a child can do it. even在句中作副词用,加强语气,表示“甚至(…也),连(…都)”。如:He even didn''t trust his best friend.(他甚至不信任他的朋友。) 请注意even与 even if / though的区别并翻译下面的句子: 1) 这个我连听都没听过。(I haven''t even heard of it.) 2) 即使花了数天时间复习,他也没能考好。(He didn''t do well in the exam even though he spent days reviewing.) 3. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. 句中who are learning a second language为定语从句,修饰先行词most adults,再如: The man who wrote this book is a teacher.(写这本书的人是一位教师。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 穿蓝色夹克的那个男孩是我们的班长。 (The boy who is in a blue jacket is our monitor.) 2) 你昨天借给我的那本书很有趣。 (The book that you lent me yesterday is very interesting.) 句中的would是助动词,表示“可能”,“(将)会”。例如: A picnic without you wouldn''t be fun.(野餐没你参加会很没意思。) 助动词would的用法很多,概括起来主要有如下几种: 1) 表示过去将来时:I felt confident that everything would be all right. 2) 表示意愿:I asked him not to do it, but he wouldn''t listen to me. 3) 表示习惯性:Every evening, we would go for a walk along the river. 4) 表示虚拟,假设,条件:If you had come earlier, you would have seen him. 5) 表示婉转地请求或建议:Would you look after my cat while I am away?

自考英语本科口译与听力笔记

00602口译与听力(实践)南京师范大学编江苏省高等教育自学考试委员会办公室一、课程目的与要求口译与听力是自学考试英语专业本科段的一门重要的语言实践课程。通过考生平时自学和实践以及条件允许下的课堂学习,在听力方面,考生应能基本听懂英语国家新闻媒体的新闻报道和和有关社会事件、经济发展、科技动态等领域的一般性节目,并能作简要的笔头摘要;在口译方面,要求考生能够较为熟练地运用英语能力、翻译技巧和背景知识,完成对包括有关外事接待、国际事务、中国国情及文化等诸多方面内容在内的语言材料进行汉英两种语言之间的口语转换。二、考试说明 1.听力考试 1)高级听力考试为水平考试,考试方式为考生听录音磁带,同时答题目。答卷分试题和答题纸两部分。考试全长约70分种,其中前60分钟为考生听录音答题时间(具体时值以录音实际长度为准)。录音结束后,考生有10分钟的时间把答案誊写到答题卡上。 2)考试题型听力考试共有四个部分(Sections)。其中前两部分为客观题,形式为单项选择,即A、B、C、D四项中选一项。后两部分为主观题,形式为书面回答。总分值为50分。 3)题型说明第一部分简要新闻理解(14分)这部分由7段简要新闻(news in brief)组成。一般为国际主要英语媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、MSNBC等提供的简要新闻报道。每段新闻相应在试题中有两个单项选择题。每段新闻的录音播放两遍,然后考生有30秒时间答题。第二部分详细报道理解(10分)这一部分由两段较长的录音构成。形式不一,一般是国际主要英语媒体的对新闻事件的详细报道(news in detail),也可能是国外广播电视英语节目的节选。每段报道相应在试题中有五个单项选择题。每段报道录音播放两遍,然后考生有一分钟时间答题。第三部分详细报道内容摘要(20分)这一部分由两段较长的录音构成,性质同第二部分相同。针对每一段录音,考试卷面上将给出有关该录音内容的两或三个关键词组,要求考生根据所听内容写出和关键词组相关的信息。录音播放两遍,每一遍后留有一分钟时间供考生书写答案。第四部分听写(6分)在这一部分,考生将听到一篇150-200词的录音。录音的文字印在卷面,上面有六处空白,要求考生把空白处的文字听写出来。每个空的文字量5词左右。录音连续不间断地播放三遍。 2.口译考试1)口译考试为水平考试。形式为考官面试。从考试的客观公平出发,每位考生必须同时接受至少两位考官的测评。口译的内容事先录制在磁带上,届时为考生播放,考生做即席口译。 2)考试程序口译考试分为两部分,汉译英和英译汉。汉译英部分汉译英部分有两个阶段。第一阶段是单句口译,总计15分。考生将听到4句话,每句中文30字左右。内容涉及日常生活、外事安排、中国国情、中国文化等。每一句的录音播放之后,考生应在30秒内译出该句。第二阶段是段落口译,计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾,第二遍录音播放时,在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间译出该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。英译汉部分英译汉部分有两个阶段。第一阶段是单句口译,总计15分。考生将听到4句话,每句英语30词左右。内容涉及日常生活、外国人在华生活、国际事务等。每一句的录音播放之后,考生应在30秒内译出该句。第二阶段是段落口译,计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾,第二遍录音播放时,在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间译出该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。 3)口译总体要求全部或绝大部分信息被译出,译法准确得当,重点词汇翻译准确,语音地道,语流顺畅,基本上一次完成,允许有少许自然停顿。三、学习方法由于客观条件的限制,加上广大自考生不可能有很多时间投入到外语实践这一情况,学好“口译与听力”对他们来说有着相当大的难度。口译与听力要求学习者有很大的语言输入和语言实践,仅仅依靠课本,显然是不够的。课本只是给学生提供了一个学习的框架,真正水平的提高要靠平时的自学。要想提高听力理解能力,首先要保证语言素材的大量输入。本科段的高级听力给考生提出了更高的要求,既在实践层次上的要求——听真实材料。考生不能把目光只盯在教科书上,翻来覆去地听课本所配磁带是不会有大长进的。应该说虽然英语在中国的使用从总体来讲还是相当有限,但今天的改革开放和信息社会已经使英语无处不在。世界上主要媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、CCTV-9等的播音节目都可能通过电视或互联网获得。英语国家的大报如Washington Post、New York Times等都在互联网上提供新闻广播或视频观看服务。国内目前有大量的各种英语原声杂志和琳琅满目的英语原版电影DVD光盘。这些都是练习听力的好材料。在练习听力的时候,要注意方法,讲求收效。练习听力要保持从材料中索取信息的兴趣和兴奋度,保证定时定量,把握难易度,根据不同的材料性质决定精听和泛听。听时最好有录音的文字稿,这样可以对照检验,分析没有听懂的原因,逐步地提高听力水平。在口译学习上,考生需要付出的精力更多。口译是一种复杂的综合语言技能,需要知识、能力和心理素质的共同参与。练习口译注意抓住几个方面。一是英语水平的培养。口译几乎可以说是包括全部语言技能在内的一种综合技能。平时口译的机会很少,学习者可以多做一些笔译练习,打下扎实的外语语言基本功。经常注意英汉两种语言在表达方法、甚至在文化思维定势上的差异,逐渐摆脱中式英语,向地道的英语迈进。二是口译工作带有鲜明的时代特点。随着社会的发展,新的语汇和新的表达法不断地涌现,这就要求学习者在平时注意观察和积累。收集对同一事件的中英文两种报道,对照学习,这不失为一种好办法。三要注意口译工作自身的特点,即译员必须及时且独立地完成口译。这就意味着掌握好准确性和灵活性的结合。实质性的内容必须准准无误地译出,而一些诗句、成语、俚语、俗语、个人习惯用语等则要灵活处理,译成对方文化易于理解的内容。四.自学教材听力:《英语高级听力》,何其莘等编著,外语教学与研究出版社,2002年。口译:《高级口译教程》,梅德明编著,上海外语教育出版社,2006年。

我昨天在自考书店买的书是《高级口译教程》和《高级听力教程》,老板跟我讲,就是这两本书!不知道到底对不对啊???求解答!

口译与听力是一门实践性很强的课程,要求学习者有很大的信息输入和语言实践,仅仅依靠课本和集中辅导是不够的。课本只是给学生提供了一个学习的框架,真正口译与听力水平的提高要靠平时自觉进行听力训练的习惯养成和知识信息与实践经验的积累。听力理解能力的提高主要在于多听。除了熟悉教材的内容和反复聆听教材所配的磁带,要养成每天听英语广播、看电视英语节目的习惯,提高对英语的敏感性。要每天收听收视世界上主要媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、CCTV-9等的播音播放节目。收听收视要注意方法,讲求实效,根据不同的材料决定精听和泛听。精听的内容最好有录音原文的文字稿,采用先看后听、边看边听、先听后看等方法,对照学习,弄清楚哪些没听懂及没听懂的原因,采取针对性的措施,反复练习,逐步地提高听力水平。

学口译 考生要做到“过耳不忘” 英语作为一门语言,要想学好非一日之功,自考英语专业本科段有口译与听力课程,口译是其中较难的一部分,要求考生较熟练地运用语言、技巧和背景知识,完成涉及文化、科技、金融等各方面内容的中英文口头转换。新英达培训学校韩刚老师说,学好口译,考生要从听力训练、强化短期记忆、扩增知识面三方面努力,做到“过耳不忘”。精听与泛听结合听力是学口译的基础,只有听懂了说话人的意思才能进行翻译。韩老师指出,考生在练习听力时精听与泛听要结合,要付出更多的耐心。精听时考生对每一个词、短语都不能有任何疏漏和不理解,对所遇到的陌生词必须逐一解决。精听与泛听相辅相成,泛听要求考生在听力练习中以掌握文章的整体意思为目的,只要不影响对整体文章的理解,一个词一个短语甚至是一个句子听不懂也没关系。这也提醒考生不要一味沉浸在解决某一个难懂的词汇或语句中,而要适时跳出来,理解整篇文章的主要内容。强化短期记忆英语学习用几个字概括起来就是听、说、读、写、译,由此也可看出,译排在最后,是英语学习中较难的一部分,做翻译时要在听到某一段话后能够很快辨别出其中主要意思,并能用另一种语言完整表述出来。因此,韩老师说,口译不要求长期记忆,但要强化短期记忆。有的人可能连续说好几分钟,翻译必许将这些内容记住并即时翻译出来。考生可先从记简单的几句话开始,然后一点点增加记忆较长的内容。这个内容学习没有捷径可走,考生必须踏踏实实才能学好。扩大知识面口译与口语不同,如果说口语是说自己的话,口译则是说别人的话。而别人在说话时可能涉及文化、金融、科技等各方面内容。另外,口译带有鲜明的时代特点,随着社会发展,新词、新表达法不断涌现,如和谐社会、建设社会主义新农村等,还有一些专业术语、诗句、成语、俚语、俗语等要灵活处理,译成对方文化易于接受和理解的词句。因此,老师指出,考生学好口译,做到过耳不忘必须扩大知识面,不断学习新知识。考生平时可多听广播、看报纸,如中国日报、环球时报等,从中了解社会发展各方面内容。阅读同一篇新闻的中英文版,学习他们如何进行翻译。良好的汉语基础是学好英语的关键,韩老师说,有些考生汉语表达都不清楚,阅读能力差,找不出一篇文章或小说的主题,不能很好总结、提炼文章反映的思想。写作水平不高,文章逻辑混乱,试想,这样又怎能用英文进行写作、表述呢

英语翻译自考笔记

05355商务英语翻译试卷第1套I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.A. 如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。B. 如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。C. 如果处理不当,墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。D. 如果处理不当,墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( hereinafter called the "Seller"). A. 2002年3月7日,本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]订立。B. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。C. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。D. 2002年3月7日,本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]订立。3. Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.A. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。B. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。C. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。D. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。4. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of US$30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time. A. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元,以便卖方及时提取款项。B. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元,以便买方及时提取款项。C. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款共计30000美元,以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。D. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款30000美元,以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。5. China’s compliance with an intellectual-property accord is seen as a keen test of its sincerity in abiding by WTO rules.A. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 B. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议,被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。C. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议已经视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。D. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议,被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 6. The new prosperity may represent a long, sustained plateau of brisk demand, plentiful jobs, and increased living standards.A. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会,生活水平也得到了改善。B. 新的繁荣可能表现为持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量的就业机会,生活水平也得到了提高。C. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会,生活水平也得到了提高。D. 新的繁荣表现为一段持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量就业机会,生活水平也得到了改善。 7. Shippers are requested to note particularly the exceptions and conditions of this bill of lading with reference to the validity of the insurance upon their goods. A. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。 B. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。C. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。D. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。8. The seller must supply the goods in conformity with the contract of sale, together with such evidence of conformity as may be required by the contract. A. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物,如合同有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。B. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物,如合同有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。C. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物,如有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。D. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物,如另有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。9. The home of your dreams awaits you behind this door. Whether your taste be a country manor estate or a penthouse in the sky, you will find the following pages filled with the world’s most elegant residences. A. 打开门,等候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。B. 打开门,恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间领地,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。C. 打开门,恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住处供您选择。D. 打开门,恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。10. Unemployment in America (as of mid-1990) was running near 5.25 percent. That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment, but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate.A. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。按以往充分就业的标准比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。B. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。按以往的标准,这个比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。C. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。以往充分就业的标准比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。D. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。以往的标准,这个比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。II. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 2. bank portfolio 3. housing mortgages 4. barter trade 5. bills and forms 6. fiscal year 7. cargo insurance 8. carrying vessel 9. clean payment credit 10. clearance sale 11. accounting systems 12. comparative advantage 13. economic incentives 14. financial statements 15. bills of exchange 16. captioned goods 17. floating policy 18. international specialization 19. straight B/L 20. under separate cover III. Translation Improvement from English to Chinese. For each English sentence, there is one or more errors in the translation provided. Please underline the error or errors, and then write the whole of your improved version in the space provided below. (20 points, 2 points for each)1. 原文:Commercial business is very profitable, and most radio and TV stations depend on the income.译文:商事很赚钱,大部分电台和电视台都靠这部分收入而生存。改进译文:广告是很赚钱的生意,大部分电台和电视台都靠广告费收入而生存2. 原文:Worry about the possibility of less severe, but still debilitating, recessions persisted, however. 译文:然而,关于会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退的担心仍然持续着。改进的译文:然而,人们仍然担心会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退。3. 原文:Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.译文:承包商依据适当的法律或分包合同在对拥有的任何权力不带成见的条件下,应该有权扣留或暂缓支付在不同情况下应由承包商支付给分包商的任何全部或部分金额。改进的译文:在不影响按适用法律或分包合同享有任何权利的情况下,承包商有权扣留或暂缓支付承包商应付给分包商的全部或部分到期金额。4. 原文:Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 译文:商务指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合,通过它们利润和经济盈余将被创造。改进的译文:商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合,通过这些活动能创造利润和经济盈余。5. 原文:Dickerson is an international marketing company specializing in fertilizers, chemicals, cocoa, pesticides, coal, agricultural products and many others.译文:狄格森公司是一家国际营销公司,专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品。改进的译文:狄格森公司是一家国际贸易公司,专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品6. 原文:We regret the four of the items enquired for in your Fax are unfortunately not available for export.译文:很遗憾,贵方传真所询商品有4项无货可供。改进的译文:很遗憾,贵方传真所询的4项商品均无货可供。7. 原文:Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of non-affiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects. 译文:若没有来自国外的直接投资,公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。改进的译文:若没有对国外进行直接投资,公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。8. 原文:The purpose of engineering is to create useful goods, to make them better, cheaper and more abundant. 译文:工程的目的是要创造有用的物品,使它们更好、更便宜、更充足。改进的译文:工程的目的是要创造有用的物品,使其质量更好、价格更便宜、数量更充足。9. 原文:It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.译文:那时,世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了,各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。改进的译文:在这种情况下, 世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了,各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。10. 原文:The Contract is in octuplicate, four in the Chinese language and four in the English language.译文:本合同一式8份,中文4份,英文4份。改进的译文:本合同一式8份,中英文版本各4份。IV. Business letter Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)SUNRISE GARMENT COMPANY25 Dongfeng Boulevard, Tianjin 300026 P.R.C.June 22, 2000Ms. Margaret ZengerDirector, Purchasing DivisionPan America Farment, Inc.529 Randaph DriveNew Orleans, Louisiana 70167USADear Ms. Zenger;Thank you for your enquiry of June 5. We are pleased to know that you are interested in our raincoats.Our Rainbow range is popular not only because of its light weight but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:100 Rainbow coats, men's, medium at $ 6.00 each $600.00100 Rainbow coats, men's, small at $ 5.50 each $550.00100 Rainbow coats, women's, medium at $ 5.00 each $500.00100 Rainbow coats, women’s, small at $ 4.50 each $450.00 $2,100.00Less 10 percent trade discount $210.00FOB Xingang Tianjin $1,890.00Freight $69.00Insurance $14.50 $1,973.50We will ship your order within three or four weeks after receiving it.We feel you may be interested in some of our other products and enclose a descriptive booklet for your reference.We look forward to receiving your order.Sincerely,Yi YuanSales ManagerV. Contract translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Any failure or delay in the performance by either party hereto of its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach hereof or give rise to any claims for damages if and to the extent that it is caused by occurrences beyond the control of the party affected, including, but without limiting the generality of the forgoing, acts of governmental authority, acts of god, strikes or concerted acts of workmen, fires, floods, explosions, wars, riots, storms, earth¬quakes, accidents, acts of a public enemy, rebellion, insurrection, sabotage, epidemic, quarantine restrictions, shortages of labour, materials or supplies, failures by contractors or subcontractors, transportation embargoes, failures or delays in transportation, rules, regulations, orders or directives of any government or any state, subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof or the order of any court of competent jurisdiction.参考译文:本协议任何一方未能履行基本协议规定的义务或有所延误,如果是由于发生该方无法控制的事件所造成的,则在此范围内不构成对本协议的违反,也不得引起任何赔偿损失的要求。这类事件在不局限于上述一般概念的前提下包括:政府的行为,自然界的行为,工人罢工或联合行动、火灾、水灾、爆炸、战争、暴乱、风暴、地震、事故,社会公敌的行为,叛乱,起义,破坏,传染病,隔离控制,劳动力、原材料或物资短缺,承包者或分包者未履约,禁运、运输方面未能履约或延误,任何政府或国家、下属各部门、机构或组织的条例、规定、命令或指示,任何有管辖权的法院的命令商务英语翻译第1套 答案和参考译文VI. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. BVII. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差2. bank portfolio 银行资产3. housing mortgages 住房按揭 4. barter trade 易货贸易5. bills and forms 单据与表格6. fiscal year 财政年度7. cargo insurance 货物保险8. carrying vessel 装货船只9. clean payment credit光票付款信用证10. clearance sale 清仓削价销售11. accounting systems 会计制度12. comparative advantage 比较优势13. economic incentives 经济动机14. financial statements 财务报表,财务决算,财政决算15. bills of exchange 汇票16. captioned goods 标题/上述货物17. floating policy 统保单18. international specialization 国际分工19. straight B/L 记名提单20. under separate cover 另函

如果没有学过专业课,语言学和教学法还是有一定难度,剩余的都是考的基本,所以如果报两门,建议考翻译,泛读和写作吧

1、熟练掌握书本内容 首先大家需要对教材中的内容很熟悉,特别是书的一些重点篇目。一般来说,文学的两个单元考试的内容最少,但是这两个单元每年也都是有题的。所以,如果在没有时间再复习其他单元的情况下,还是以经济,政治,法律这三个单元为重点突破口,包括书上的课文和练习,以及练习册上的练习。 2、掌握一定翻译技巧 翻译是一门需要大量实践的课程,不可能在短期内突破,所以在平时大家需要多重视和学习一些翻译技巧,建议大家还可以在考试前能进行一些新翻译材料实践。 3、灵活处理课外考点 在复习中大家不仅要掌握书本知识,对于课外的知识也需要一定的积累。自考英语科目考试的词汇翻译大多集中在政治,经济,文化,法律和环保这几个领域中,因此考生在平时可以经常关注一些政治经济的新闻和时政要闻,积累课外知识点。 4、制定合理复习策略 综合以上几点,大家对于英语翻译的复习工作是比较杂的,因此大家需要制定一个合理的复习计划,而且一定要紧跟考点制定复习策略,把书上的东西完全弄懂,技巧掌握一些,课外的翻译适当的训练,积极认真准备词汇,这样这门考试肯定可以通过。自考/成考有疑问、不知道如何总结自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考报名当地政策,点击底部咨询官网,免费领取复习资料:

自考本科英语翻译笔记

Unit7(第20讲—第22讲) 本课主要构词法 affixation (词缀法) 1. 名词后缀 -iondefinition 2. 名词后缀 -agemarriage 3. 名词后缀 -itysecurity 4. 形容词后缀 -alagricultural,industrial,traditional,social 5. 动词后缀 -izeindustrialize 本课简介 在Families这篇课文中,作者首先告诉我们对于不同的人来说“家庭”有不同的含义,但是家庭意味着某种归属这一点是所有人的共识。作者还对核心家庭和大家庭的演变进行了分析,从中我们更可以看出家庭成员在家庭中的角色和作用的变化。 本课语言点 1. …a group of people related by blood or marriage, … 句子中的by常可与某些名词连用,在名词前面不加定冠词the,意思相当于“with regard to”,“according to”。请看下面的例句: 1) He is an Englishman by birth. (他祖籍英国。) 2) He is a teacher by profession. (他以医生为职业。) 3) By birth and by education Thomas Jefferson belonged to the highest social class, but he never looked down upon the working-class people. (按其出生和所受的教育,托马斯·杰弗逊都属于社会的了阶层,但他从来不轻视劳动人民。) relate是一个动词,在句子中的意思是“使联系”。请看例句: 1)It is not difficult for people to relate the result to the cause. (人们要把结果和原因联系起来并不困难。) 2)It might be more helpful to you if you can relate theory to practice.(如果你能把理论和实践联系起来,对你的帮助也许会更大。) relate还可解释为叙述;有关,涉及;相处得好 1) He related us a story vividly. (他生动地给我们讲述了一个故事。) 2) His talk related to the international situation. (他的讲话涉及国际形势。) 3) He relates very well to his classmates. (他和同学们相处得很好。) related可以做形容词用,意思是“有联系的,相关的。” 1) These four people are closely related to each other. (这四个人联系紧密。) 2) He is very much interesting in painting and the related arts. (他对绘画及其有关的艺术很感兴趣。) 2. …all those people descended from a common ancestor, …所有来自同一祖先的人们。 “descended from a common ancestor”是一个省略了that的定语从句,修饰people.descended from的意思是“传下,遗传”,如: 1) His family were descended from an Indian tribe. (他的家庭是印第安部落的后裔。) 2) Darwin concluded that men were descended from apes. (达尔文断定人由猿进化而来。) descend to 的意思是“屈尊,降低;转而说到” 1) The firm had descended to using nude pictures for advertising. (那家公司堕落到用*照做广告。) 2)Mr. Lee then descended to the details we had to be careful about.(李先生转而谈到了我们必须注意的细节问题。) common是一个形容词,意思是“共有的,共同的;普通的”,请看例句: 1)No doubt, this is a grammatical mistake common to beginners in English. (毫无疑问,这是英语初学者常犯的语法错误。) 2)How could you have no idea about this common knowledge? (对这个普通常识你怎么会一无所知。) 3)They have no common interests. (他们没有共同的爱好。) 3. Some people thank of a family as a mother, a father, and their children, … think of …as …是一个很常用的词组,意思是“把…看作…”,如: 1) He often thinks of himself as a genius. (他常把自己看作为天才。) 2) The Yellow River is thought of as the cradle of the Chinese nation. (黄河被看作为中华民族的摇篮。) 与think of…as…意思相近的词组在英语中还有很多。如: regard…aslook upon…as… see…as…view…as… consider…as… 4. For others, having a family simply means having children. 本句中,having a family做主语,mean为谓语动词,having children 做宾语。mean在句中的意思是“意味着”。当mean作“意味着”解释时,在它的后面应该跟名词或者动名词,如: 1)Accepting the job would mean moving to another city. (接受这份工作将意味着我得搬到另一个城市去。) 2)A raise in the worker's salary will mean a cut in the profit. (增加工人的工资意味着利润的降低。) 当mean作“意欲,打算”解释时,在它的后面通常跟不定式,如: 1)I didn't mean to offend you. (我无意冒犯你。) 2)I meant to give you the book yesterday, but I forgot it. (我原打算昨天把书给你的,但我忘了。) 5. Some families have long histories, while others know very little about their ancestors. 请注意while的用法,在本句中while是一个表示转折意味的连词,意思是“然而”。如:Fred gambled all his money away while Jane saved every penny for her son's schooling. (弗雷德赌输了他所有的钱,而珍妮却为儿子的教育攒下每一分钱。) while在不同的语境中有不同的意思,请翻译下面的句子,注意while的词义。 1)They decided to find a less expensive place to stay while in Paris.(在巴黎期间,他们打算找个更便宜的地方住。) 2)He looked at his watch several times while talking to her. (在跟她交谈时,他看了几次表。) 3)One group of children are quiet, while the second group was very active. (一组孩子很安静,而第二组孩子非常活跃。) 4)While I have sympathy for these people, I think they are guilty. (尽管我同情这些人,但我觉得他们有罪。) 5)We will succeed while we don't lose hope. (只要我们不失去希望,我们就会成功。) 6. No matter if it is young or old, large or small traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is. no matter if 连接让步状语从句,更常见的是用no matter whether.除了no matter whether以外,no matter wh-引导的让步状语从句还有:no matter what, no matter who, no matter whose, no matter which, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how等等。而用wh-ever引导让步从句也是十分常见的。请看下面的例句: 1) No matter what happens, please let me know. (无论发生什么事,请让我知道。) 2) No matter who telephones, tell him I'm out. (无论谁来电话,告诉他我出去了。) 3) No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. (无论我多努力,我总不能成功。) 4) No matter whether you believe it or not, it's truth. (无论你信不信,那总是事实。) 5) No matter where you go, I will follow you. (无论你去哪里,我都跟着你。) 6) No matter which book you like you can have it. (无论你喜欢哪本书,你都可以拿去。) 7) No matter whose money it is, we can't spend it so carelessly. (无论是谁的钱,我们都不能这样随意地花) 上述某些句子可以用wh-ever表述如下: 1) Whatever happens, please let me know. 2) Whoever telephones, tell him I'm out. 3) However hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. 4) Wherever you go, I will follow you. 5) Whichever book you like, you can have it. 7. It is that feeling of belonging, of love and security that comes from living together, helping and sharing. 本句中的it代指课文前一句中的a sense of what a family is. feeling of belonging 意思为“归属感”。 security 是一个名词,意思是“安全”。 that comes from living together, helping and sharing 是定语从句,修饰that feeling of belonging, of love and security. 8. However, with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work. 本句中的however是一个表示转折意味的副词,有承接上文的作用,可以使这个句子和前面的句子连接得更紧密,有些接近连词。请看例句: 1) This, however, is not your fault. (但这不是你的错。) 2) I'd like to go with you, however, my hands are full. (我很想和你一起去,可是我忙不过来。) 句中的with是一个介词,意思是“随着”,请看例句: 1)With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too.(随着经济基础的改变,上层建筑也必须改造。) 2)With the development of science and technology, the society is changing rapidly.(随着科学技术的发展,社会在迅速地改变。) with是一个十分常用的介词,请看下面的句子,注意with的用法和词意: 1)Who will go with you? (谁和你一起去?) 2)The teacher is very strict with us. (老师对我们很严格。) 3)At the news we all jumped with joy. (听了这个消息,我们都高兴得跳了起来。With表示原因。) 4)He wanted to kill two birds with one stone. (他想一举两得。With意为“用,以”,译法可灵活。) 5)China is a country with a large population. (中国是一个有众多人口的国家。With表示“有,带有”) 6)He finished this work with great difficulty. (他好不容易才完成了这项工作。With引起短语作方式状语。) 7)He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded. (他双手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。With引导独立结构:with+名词+过去分词,做方式状语。) 8)What's wrong with you? (你怎么了?with意为“就…来说”) 9)With your knowledge and experience, you are sure to find a good job. (以(凭)你的知识和经验,你肯定会找到一份好工作。) 10)With all his shortcomings, he was a nice person. (尽管他有缺点,他还是个不错的人。) 句子中的in order to find work做目的状语,除了用in order to 以外,还可以用so as to,也可以把in order,so as省去,只用不定式。请看例句: 1)He decided to study harder (so as ) to catch up with the others. (他决定加紧学习好赶上别人。) 2)He ran out in a hurry (in order) to catch the last bus. (为了赶上末班车,他匆匆向外跑去。) 9. Therefore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family as the society industrializes. 句子中的therefore是一个副词,通常用来表示后面将要表述的内容是前面已经表述的内容的结果,也可以用来引导一个结论。类似的表达还有:so,consequently,as a result 等等。请看例句: 1)It rained, therefore the football match was put off. (天下雨,所以足球比赛延期了。) 2)He is too careless, as a result he failed the exam. (他太粗心,所以考试没及格。) 3)He was ill for about a month, consequently he lagged behind his classmates.(他病了一个月,因此落在了同学后面。) as the society industrializes随着社会的工业化。as是一个连词,表示“当…时”。请看例句: 1)As time goes on, you'll like this place better. (随着时间的推移,你会更喜欢这个地方。) 2)As he talked on he got more and more excited. (他谈着的时候,越来越兴奋。) 本课中还有: 1)The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children. 2)As social scientists study these two new family forms, they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age. 10. social scientists now talk of two new family forms… 本句中的talk是一个不及物动词,在表达“谈论某人(某事)”时,talk后面应该用介词of或者about.请看例句: 1)What are you talking about? (你们在谈什么?) 2)They are talking of visiting Mr. Zhang. (他们正谈论去看张先生的事。) 3) What do you mean when you talk about culture? (你谈论文化时指的是什么?) Text B The Changing American Family 短语表达 1. all over We have friends all over the world. I have been looking all over for him. 2. provide for Father had to work very hard to provide food and clothes for the family. They are trying to provide some guidance for the newcomers. 3. be expected to Parents are expected to provide for their children. You are expected to be here before eight. 4. take care of The nurse took care of the old lady when her daughter was away. The cat and the dog were taken good care of. 5. on the other hand I don't think this proposal is workable. On one hand we don't have so much money, on the other hand time is too limited. 6. be considered to be He is considered to be the best candidate for the job. Father is considered to be a humorous and responsible person. 7. in addition (to) In addition, there are some magazines on the table. In addition to bread, we had some milk and eggs for breakfast. 8. make decision You have to make an immediate decision about the project. It is difficult for me to make a decision right now. 9. help with He hoped that his brother would help him with his math. At weekends I often help my mother with the housework. 10. in contrast In contrast with the low grade I got, Paul got a full mark on the biology test. Their club, in contrast, reached a membership of 2000 last year. 11. give up You will amount to nothing if you always give up easily. The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking. 12. get ready for He got up early in the morning in order to get ready for the exam. I haven't got ready for the interview yet. 13. be busy doing Mother is busy cooking in the kitchen. The teacher is busy distributing the test papers. 14. in conclusion She will say a few words about the arrangement in conclusion. In conclusion, the old people are happy in most of the Asian countries. 15. instead of Instead of getting the bike repaired he bought a new one. Who is going to the meeting instead of you?

自考英语--浙江英语本科英语写作试卷Ⅰ. Supply the missing conclusion. (20%)Directions: Study the following passage carefully and write a conclusion in no more than 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.Americans Are Friendly to Strangers I came to the United States one year ago and I had no idea about life in the United States and American traditions, except that life was complicated and people are strange. At the time I arrived at J. F. Kennedy Airport, I felt very happy because I am fond of traveling around the world. Coming to America had been one of my dreams. A few minutes later, however, I felt afraid. I asked myself why I had come to this strange world and what I was doing here. I remembered what my friends at home said about Americans treating strangers. After I attended college, however, I discovered the opposite of what I had expected. Even though American social relations are complex, hard to form, and hard to maintain, I managed to bridge the gap and I was able to have close friendships with some Americans. For example, the first semester I attended college, I became friends with one of the American students who used to attend math class with me. We used to study together, go to parties together, and he used to help me a lot with my English. Even though he transferred to another university, we always keep in touch with each other. From my experience, I have come to understand that Americans are generally verbal, and long, silent periods are uncomfortable to them. So, when I sit with Americans, I start a conversation with them by talking about the weather, sports, or about teachers’ skills in the classroom. I think conversations make a friendly atmosphere among people. My experience of traveling across the country from New Orleans to San Diego also proved to me that I had the wrong idea about Americans. When I told my friends that my brother and I were going to drive across the United States and if they wanted to join me, they said, “It is dangerous to drive across America. You might get killed by one of the truck drivers or get robbed.”However, we didn’t pay attention to them because we wanted to find out what America is really like and how people treat strangers. On the way from San Antonio to EL Paso, our car stopped because it ran out of fuel. We got out of the car and waited for anyone to give us a ride. Ten minutes later, a truck pulled off the road. I approached him carefully and I asked him, “Could you please give us a ride to the nearest gas station?” He said, “The nearest station is thirty-five miles away and you might not find anyone who can drive you back to your car. ” Then he came up with a solution to our problem. He towed our car to the nearest station. When we reached it, I took a fifty-dollar bill from my pocket and handed it to him, but he wouldn’t accept it. He told me that he helped me because we needed help.Ⅱ. Write an outline. (20%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and try to compose an outline for the passage provided.The Necessity of English Writing for English Majors English writing is generally the most difficult one in the language competence required for the students majoring in English, considering the great pains student writers take and the slight progress they make in their practice. Most of the beginners think there is no need to practice writing English compositions since their writing skills in Chinese is quite sufficient, and English writing is after all not quite practical for their future work. However, English writing, as a very important part of students’ general language competence and as a means of expressing oneself and of spreading knowledge and information, is necessary and essential for English majors. The difficulty of English writing frustrates many students so much that they turn to their Chinese writing skills for help. That is natural. In fact, their Chinese writing skills do help their English writing, especially in generating and organizing ideas and details. Meanwhile, Chinese writing is different from English writing in sentence structures and paragraph organizations and their differences in expressions are certainly even bigger. Simply translating Chinese word for word into English cannot make good English writing. Other students hold a wrong view of learning English. They think to learn English is just to memorize a large vocabulary, to master the grammar and to speak fluent English. Once they are proficient in those areas of English, they can naturally handle English writing well. To correct such a one-sided view, one thing must be kept in mind, that is, spoken English is not equal to written English. Oral speech is often rather loose and flexible without precise and proper arrangement. Oral English uses simple everyday language while written English comprises complicated words and sentence structures. Therefore, written English is more demanding, and it requires intentional and intensive practice. English writing course can serve this purpose. The students’ laziness in observing and thinking partly accounts for their reluctance to practice writing. Writing sharpens and improves thinking. English writing can help students develop the habit and ability of thinking in English and become generally more competent in English. Composition topics can be varied yet close to life. If students have a good habit of observing life and thinking constantly, they won’t bump into topics with empty heads. Keen observation and deep thoughts are necessary for good English writing, and they are also signs for well-educated people. Writing can also strengthen students’ abilities in comprehension and oral English. Writing is creative work. After brainstorming, various ideas and pictures may pop into their minds and some beautiful sentences may be written down on a piece of paper, which will last long in their memory. Their written English skills may help to polish and beautify their spoken English and make their oral expression precise and elegant. Writing involves lots of reading. When reading others’ writing, they will be sensitive to various styles and that will quicken their reading speed and comprehension. Furthermore, English writing is in fact a most practical tool in students’ future career. It will be used in writing telexes, business letters, research papers and public speeches. Every kind of writing has its special style, which needs a careful study and strenuous practice. Yet all those are based on essential skills in English writing that will be covered in an English writing course. Finally, the required competence for English majors differs from other English learners. English majors are not limited to the command of any particular sphere of the English language, but they must have all-round competence in terms of listening and reading comprehension, spoken ability and writing skills in English, so that they can adopt themselves to various situations in their future work. No one is born capable of everything. Hard work is the premise of success. To be able to use English freely, we do not only have to read a lot, speak a lot, but also write a lot. English writing practice consolidates students’ overall English competence and enables them to express their ideas and feelings in a more precise, graceful and permanent form.Ⅲ. Composition (60%)Directions: Write an example paper on the given topic.We Are Entering a Computer Age

05355商务英语翻译试卷第1套I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.A. 如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。B. 如果处理不当,墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。C. 如果处理不当,墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏,毁掉装修和家具。D. 如果处理不当,墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( hereinafter called the "Seller"). A. 2002年3月7日,本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]订立。B. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。C. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。D. 2002年3月7日,本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]订立。3. Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.A. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。B. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。C. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。D. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。4. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of US$30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time. A. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元,以便卖方及时提取款项。B. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元,以便买方及时提取款项。C. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款共计30000美元,以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。D. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款30000美元,以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。5. China’s compliance with an intellectual-property accord is seen as a keen test of its sincerity in abiding by WTO rules.A. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 B. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议,被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。C. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议已经视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。D. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议,被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 6. The new prosperity may represent a long, sustained plateau of brisk demand, plentiful jobs, and increased living standards.A. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会,生活水平也得到了改善。B. 新的繁荣可能表现为持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量的就业机会,生活水平也得到了提高。C. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会,生活水平也得到了提高。D. 新的繁荣表现为一段持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量就业机会,生活水平也得到了改善。 7. Shippers are requested to note particularly the exceptions and conditions of this bill of lading with reference to the validity of the insurance upon their goods. A. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。 B. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。C. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。D. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。8. The seller must supply the goods in conformity with the contract of sale, together with such evidence of conformity as may be required by the contract. A. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物,如合同有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。B. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物,如合同有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。C. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物,如有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。D. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物,如另有规定,尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。9. The home of your dreams awaits you behind this door. Whether your taste be a country manor estate or a penthouse in the sky, you will find the following pages filled with the world’s most elegant residences. A. 打开门,等候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。B. 打开门,恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间领地,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。C. 打开门,恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住处供您选择。D. 打开门,恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第,抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋,翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。10. Unemployment in America (as of mid-1990) was running near 5.25 percent. That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment, but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate.A. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。按以往充分就业的标准比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。B. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。按以往的标准,这个比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。C. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。以往充分就业的标准比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。D. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25%。以往的标准,这个比例偏高,没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。II. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 2. bank portfolio 3. housing mortgages 4. barter trade 5. bills and forms 6. fiscal year 7. cargo insurance 8. carrying vessel 9. clean payment credit 10. clearance sale 11. accounting systems 12. comparative advantage 13. economic incentives 14. financial statements 15. bills of exchange 16. captioned goods 17. floating policy 18. international specialization 19. straight B/L 20. under separate cover III. Translation Improvement from English to Chinese. For each English sentence, there is one or more errors in the translation provided. Please underline the error or errors, and then write the whole of your improved version in the space provided below. (20 points, 2 points for each)1. 原文:Commercial business is very profitable, and most radio and TV stations depend on the income.译文:商事很赚钱,大部分电台和电视台都靠这部分收入而生存。改进译文:广告是很赚钱的生意,大部分电台和电视台都靠广告费收入而生存2. 原文:Worry about the possibility of less severe, but still debilitating, recessions persisted, however. 译文:然而,关于会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退的担心仍然持续着。改进的译文:然而,人们仍然担心会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退。3. 原文:Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.译文:承包商依据适当的法律或分包合同在对拥有的任何权力不带成见的条件下,应该有权扣留或暂缓支付在不同情况下应由承包商支付给分包商的任何全部或部分金额。改进的译文:在不影响按适用法律或分包合同享有任何权利的情况下,承包商有权扣留或暂缓支付承包商应付给分包商的全部或部分到期金额。4. 原文:Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 译文:商务指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合,通过它们利润和经济盈余将被创造。改进的译文:商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合,通过这些活动能创造利润和经济盈余。5. 原文:Dickerson is an international marketing company specializing in fertilizers, chemicals, cocoa, pesticides, coal, agricultural products and many others.译文:狄格森公司是一家国际营销公司,专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品。改进的译文:狄格森公司是一家国际贸易公司,专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品6. 原文:We regret the four of the items enquired for in your Fax are unfortunately not available for export.译文:很遗憾,贵方传真所询商品有4项无货可供。改进的译文:很遗憾,贵方传真所询的4项商品均无货可供。7. 原文:Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of non-affiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects. 译文:若没有来自国外的直接投资,公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。改进的译文:若没有对国外进行直接投资,公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。8. 原文:The purpose of engineering is to create useful goods, to make them better, cheaper and more abundant. 译文:工程的目的是要创造有用的物品,使它们更好、更便宜、更充足。改进的译文:工程的目的是要创造有用的物品,使其质量更好、价格更便宜、数量更充足。9. 原文:It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.译文:那时,世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了,各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。改进的译文:在这种情况下, 世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了,各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。10. 原文:The Contract is in octuplicate, four in the Chinese language and four in the English language.译文:本合同一式8份,中文4份,英文4份。改进的译文:本合同一式8份,中英文版本各4份。IV. Business letter Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)SUNRISE GARMENT COMPANY25 Dongfeng Boulevard, Tianjin 300026 P.R.C.June 22, 2000Ms. Margaret ZengerDirector, Purchasing DivisionPan America Farment, Inc.529 Randaph DriveNew Orleans, Louisiana 70167USADear Ms. Zenger;Thank you for your enquiry of June 5. We are pleased to know that you are interested in our raincoats.Our Rainbow range is popular not only because of its light weight but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:100 Rainbow coats, men's, medium at $ 6.00 each $600.00100 Rainbow coats, men's, small at $ 5.50 each $550.00100 Rainbow coats, women's, medium at $ 5.00 each $500.00100 Rainbow coats, women’s, small at $ 4.50 each $450.00 $2,100.00Less 10 percent trade discount $210.00FOB Xingang Tianjin $1,890.00Freight $69.00Insurance $14.50 $1,973.50We will ship your order within three or four weeks after receiving it.We feel you may be interested in some of our other products and enclose a descriptive booklet for your reference.We look forward to receiving your order.Sincerely,Yi YuanSales ManagerV. Contract translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Any failure or delay in the performance by either party hereto of its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach hereof or give rise to any claims for damages if and to the extent that it is caused by occurrences beyond the control of the party affected, including, but without limiting the generality of the forgoing, acts of governmental authority, acts of god, strikes or concerted acts of workmen, fires, floods, explosions, wars, riots, storms, earth¬quakes, accidents, acts of a public enemy, rebellion, insurrection, sabotage, epidemic, quarantine restrictions, shortages of labour, materials or supplies, failures by contractors or subcontractors, transportation embargoes, failures or delays in transportation, rules, regulations, orders or directives of any government or any state, subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof or the order of any court of competent jurisdiction.参考译文:本协议任何一方未能履行基本协议规定的义务或有所延误,如果是由于发生该方无法控制的事件所造成的,则在此范围内不构成对本协议的违反,也不得引起任何赔偿损失的要求。这类事件在不局限于上述一般概念的前提下包括:政府的行为,自然界的行为,工人罢工或联合行动、火灾、水灾、爆炸、战争、暴乱、风暴、地震、事故,社会公敌的行为,叛乱,起义,破坏,传染病,隔离控制,劳动力、原材料或物资短缺,承包者或分包者未履约,禁运、运输方面未能履约或延误,任何政府或国家、下属各部门、机构或组织的条例、规定、命令或指示,任何有管辖权的法院的命令商务英语翻译第1套 答案和参考译文VI. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. BVII. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差2. bank portfolio 银行资产3. housing mortgages 住房按揭 4. barter trade 易货贸易5. bills and forms 单据与表格6. fiscal year 财政年度7. cargo insurance 货物保险8. carrying vessel 装货船只9. clean payment credit光票付款信用证10. clearance sale 清仓削价销售11. accounting systems 会计制度12. comparative advantage 比较优势13. economic incentives 经济动机14. financial statements 财务报表,财务决算,财政决算15. bills of exchange 汇票16. captioned goods 标题/上述货物17. floating policy 统保单18. international specialization 国际分工19. straight B/L 记名提单20. under separate cover 另函

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