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自考现代语言学真题答案及解析

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自考现代语言学真题及答案解析

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【免费定制个人学历提升方案和复习资料: 】自考学位英语考试主要包括5个部分:1.阅读理解。2.翻译。3.词语与语法。4.完形填空。5.写作。1.阅读理解。要考核学生通过阅读获取信息的能力,既要求准确,也要求有一定的速度。2.翻译。翻译试题由两部分组成,第一部分为英译汉,第二部分为汉译英。评分标准要求译文达意,无重大语言错误。翻译部分主要考核学生词汇、语法、句型等方面综合运用语言的能力。3.词语与语法。词语用法和语法结构部分主要考核学生运用词汇、短语及语法结构的能力。4.完形填空。填空的选项包括结构词和实义词,有些选项会涉及到一些重要的语法内容。完形填空部分主要考核学生综合运用语言的能力。5.写作。在测试学生初步使用英语表达思想的能力,要求能正确表达思想,意思连贯,无重大语法错误,内容会涉及日常生活和一般科技常识。自考学位英语自考学位英语考试题型下方免费学历提升方案介绍: 2020年08月自考00721基本乐理真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:559.64KB 2019年10月自考00830现代语言学真题试卷 格式:PDF大小:252.75KB自考/成考考试有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考考试当地政策,点击底部咨询猎考网,免费获取个人学历提升方案:

自考现代语言学真题答案及解析

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第一部分 选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare‘s play “Romeo and Juliet” ’A rose by any other name would smell as sweet‘ well illustrates _______.( ) A.the conventional nature of language B.the creative nature of language C.the universality of language D.the big difference between human language and animal communication 2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( ) A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk 3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。( ) A.hierarchical B.linear C.tree diagram D.vertical 4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.( ) A.Case Condition B.parameter C.Adjacent Condition D.Adjacent Parameter 5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning. A.phoneme B.word C.phrase D.sentence 6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.( ) A.commisives B.directives C.expressives D.declaratives 7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative D.historical comparative 8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term. A.title+first name B.title+title C.title alone D.first name+last name+title 9.Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as “subvocal speech,” and speech as “_______”。( ) A.vocal thought B.subvocal thought C.covert thought D.overt thought 10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition _______.( ) A.Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 第二部分 非选择题 二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分。) 11.In the course of time, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies, such as sociology and psychology. 12.Clear [1] and dark[ ]are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c________ distribution. 13.A r________ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning. 14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other. 15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c________ antonyms. 16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u________ is concrete and context-dependent. 17.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example, Modern English verb ask was Old English askian, with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m________. 18.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages. 19.The brain‘s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________, which is specific to human beings. 20.In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t________. 三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。)判断下列各题正误,正者在括号内写“T”,误者在括号内写“F”,并说明理由。 ( )21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form. ( )22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension. ( )23.A compound is the combination of only two words. ( )24.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”,and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category. ( )25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. ( )26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. ( )27.The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary. ( )28.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism. ( )29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on. ( )30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them. 四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。) 31.cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language) 32.phonic medium of language 33.voicing 34.inflectional morphemes 35.reference 36.locutionary act 37.protolanguage 38.ethnic dialect 39.registers 40.acculturation 五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分。) 41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples. 42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production. 全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题参考答案 课程代码:00830 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分) 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A 二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 11.social 12.complementary 13.root 14.complex 15.complementary 16.utterance 17.metathesis 18.bilingualism 19.lateralization 20.transfer 三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分) 21.F The contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention. 22.T 23.F Some compounds contain more than two words. 24.T 25.F It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions “morning star” and “ evening star.” They refer to the same star but differ in sense. 26.T 27.F The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary. 28.T 29.T 30.F Children first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the world, no matter what language they are exposed to ,and in later stages acquire the “ more difficult” sounds. 四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分) 31.One of the major defining features of human language.Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language, but different from animals, the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted, rather it is culturally transmitted, i.e.it has to be taught and learnt. 32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e.the speech sounds. 33.Voicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds.It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords. 34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories,such as-ed,-(e)s,-est in English. 35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.For example ,if we say, “The dog is barking,” we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word “dog” refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog”。 36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses.It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. For example, by saying “You have left the door wide open”,the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally mean. 37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.The proto form can be reconstructed by identifying and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages. 38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language,often cutting across regional differences. It is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or segregation. 39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations,in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. For this reason, registers are also known as situational dialects. 40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community. 五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分) 41.In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements. For example, the phrase “ the old men and women” may have two interpretations, i.e.the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men”, or the following two nouns “men and women”。Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ambiguous.Whereas,the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear.So,we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis. NP NP NP NP NP NP The old men and the women the old men and the old women 42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis,language use in terms of perception,comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language centers. When we speak,words are drawn from Wernicke‘s area and transferred to Broca’s area, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words. When we hear something and try to comprehend it,t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke‘s area,where it is then interpreted. When we perceive a visual image,a message is sent to the angular gyrus,where it is converted into a visual pattern.

自考现代语言学真题答案解析

第一部分 选择题 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个选项中只有一个选项是符合题目要求的,请将正确选项前的字母填在题后的括号内。 1.The famous quotation from Shakespeare‘s play “Romeo and Juliet” ’A rose by any other name would smell as sweet‘ well illustrates _______.( ) A.the conventional nature of language B.the creative nature of language C.the universality of language D.the big difference between human language and animal communication 2.Of the following sound combinations, only _______ is permissible according to the sequential rules in English.( ) A.kibl B.bkil C.ilkb D.ilbk 3.The sentence that has a NP and a VP can be shown in a _______ formula “S→NP VP”。( ) A.hierarchical B.linear C.tree diagram D.vertical 4.It is the _______ on Case assignment that states that a Case assignor and a Case recipient should stay adjacent to each other.( ) A.Case Condition B.parameter C.Adjacent Condition D.Adjacent Parameter 5.Predication analysis is a way to analyze _______ meaning. A.phoneme B.word C.phrase D.sentence 6.According to Searle,those illocutionary acts whose point is to commit the speaker to some future course of action are called _______.( ) A.commisives B.directives C.expressives D.declaratives 7.The term _______ linguistics may be defined as a way of referring to the approach which studies language change over various periods of time and at various historical stages. A.synchronic B.diachronic C.comparative D.historical comparative 8.The way in which people address each other depends on their age, sex, social group, and personal relationship. The English system of address forms frequently used includes first name, last name, title+last name, _______,and kin term. A.title+first name B.title+title C.title alone D.first name+last name+title 9.Language and thought may be viewed as two independent circles overlapping in some parts. When language and thought are identical or closely parallel to each other, we may regard thought as “subvocal speech,” and speech as “_______”。( ) A.vocal thought B.subvocal thought C.covert thought D.overt thought 10.Whcih of the following best states the behaviorist view of child language acquisition _______.( ) A.Language acquisition is a process of habit formation B.Language acquisition is the species-specific property of human beings C.Children are born with an innate ability to acquire language D.Humans are equipped with the neural prerequisites for language and language use 第二部分 非选择题 二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分。) 11.In the course of time, the study of language has come to establish close links with other branches of s________ studies, such as sociology and psychology. 12.Clear [1] and dark[ ]are allophones of the same one phoneme /1/.They never take the same position in sound combinations, thus they are said to be in c________ distribution. 13.A r________ is often seen as part of a word, but it can never stand by itself although it bears clear, definite meaning. 14.A c________ sentence contains two or more clauses, one of which is incorporated in the other. 15.That the denial of one member of two words implies the assertion of the other is the characteristic of c________ antonyms. 16.While the meaning of a sentence is abstract and decontextualized, that of an u________ is concrete and context-dependent. 17.Phonological rules may move phonemes from one place in the string to another. For example, Modern English verb ask was Old English askian, with the /k/preceding the/s/.Sound change as a result of sound movement is known as m________. 18.In many societies of the world, we find a large number of people who speak more than one language. As a characteristic of societies, b________ inevitably results from the coming into contact of people with different cultures and different languages. 19.The brain‘s neurological specialization for language is called linguistic I ________, which is specific to human beings. 20.In order to acquire a second language, learners will subconsciously use their first language knowledge in learning a second language. This is know as language t________. 三、判断说明题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分。)判断下列各题正误,正者在括号内写“T”,误者在括号内写“F”,并说明理由。 ( )21.In the history of any language the writing system always came into being before the spoken form. ( )22.In English, long vowels are also tense vowels because when we pronounce a long vowel such as/i:/,the larynx is in a state of tension. ( )23.A compound is the combination of only two words. ( )24.“The student” in the sentence “The student liked the linguistic lecture.”,and “The linguistic lecture” in the sentence “The linguistic lecture liked the student.”belong to the same syntactic category. ( )25.Linguistic forms having the same sense may have different references in different situations while linguistic forms with the same reference always have the same sense. ( )26.An important difference between presupposition and entailment is that presupposition, unlike entailment, is not vulnerable to negation. That is to say, if a sentence is negated, the original presupposition is still true. ( )27.The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is nonconventional and not arbitrary. ( )28.Language reflects sexism in society. Language itself is not sexist, just as it is not obscene; but it can connote sexist attitudes as well as attitudes about social taboos or racism. ( )29.If a child is deprived of linguistic environment, he or she is unlikely to learn a language successfully later on. ( )30.When children learn to distinguish between the sounds of their language and the sounds that are not part of the language, they can acquire any sounds in their native language once their parents teach them. 四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分。) 31.cultural transmission (as a defining feature of human language) 32.phonic medium of language 33.voicing 34.inflectional morphemes 35.reference 36.locutionary act 37.protolanguage 38.ethnic dialect 39.registers 40.acculturation 五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分。) 41.Why do we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure in analyzing the constituent relationship among linguistic elements Support your statement with examples. 42.Describe the process of language perception, comprehension and production. 全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试 现代语言学试题参考答案 课程代码:00830 一、单项选择题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分) 1.A 2.A 3.B 4.C 5.D 6.A 7.B 8.C 9.D 10.A 二、填空题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分) 11.social 12.complementary 13.root 14.complex 15.complementary 16.utterance 17.metathesis 18.bilingualism 19.lateralization 20.transfer 三、判断改错题(本大题共10小题,每小题2分,共20分) 21.F The contrary is true. The writing system is always a later invention. 22.T 23.F Some compounds contain more than two words. 24.T 25.F It is false because linguistic forms with the same reference might differ in sense. A case in point is the two expressions “morning star” and “ evening star.” They refer to the same star but differ in sense. 26.T 27.F The division of English into Old English, Middle English, and Modern English is conventional and somewhat arbitrary. 28.T 29.T 30.F Children first acquire the sounds found in all languages of the world, no matter what language they are exposed to ,and in later stages acquire the “ more difficult” sounds. 四、名词解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题3分,共30分) 31.One of the major defining features of human language.Humans are born with the ability to acquire a language, but different from animals, the actual use of human language is not genetically transmitted, rather it is culturally transmitted, i.e.it has to be taught and learnt. 32.The limited range of sounds that are used in human language communication, i.e.the speech sounds. 33.Voicing is a phonetic feature of some sounds.It is caused by the vibration of the vocal cords. 34.Inflectional morphemes are morphemes that are used to indicate the grammatrcal relations and categories,such as-ed,-(e)s,-est in English. 35.Reference is what a linguistic form refers to in the real world; it is a matter of the relationship between the form and the reality.For example ,if we say, “The dog is barking,” we must be talking about a certain dog known to both the speaker and the hearer in the situation.The actual dog the word “dog” refers to in this particular situation is the reference of the word “dog”。 36.Locutionary act refers to the act of uttering words, phrases, and clauses.It is the act of conveying literal meaning by means of syntax, lexicon and phonology. For example, by saying “You have left the door wide open”,the locutionary act performed by the speaker is that he has uttered all the words and expressed what the words literally mean. 37.A protolanguage is the original form of a language family that has ceased to exist.The proto form can be reconstructed by identifying and comparing similar linguistic forms with similar meanings across related languages. 38.An ethnic dialect is a social dialect of a language,often cutting across regional differences. It is spoken mainly by a less privileged population that has experienced some form of social isolation, such as racial discrimination or segregation. 39.Registers are language varieties appropriate for use in particular speech situations,in contrast to language varieties that are associated with the social or regional grouping of their customary users. For this reason, registers are also known as situational dialects. 40.Acculturation refers to a process of adapting to the culture and value system of the second language community. 五、论述题(本大题共2小题,每小题10分,共20分) 41.In addition to revealing a linear order, a constituent structure tree has a hierarchical structure that groups words into structural constituents and shows the syntactic category of each structural constituent, and consequently is believed to most truthfully illustrate the constituent relationship among linguistic elements. For example, the phrase “ the old men and women” may have two interpretations, i.e.the adjective “old”may modify the noun “men”, or the following two nouns “men and women”。Linear order analysis cannot tell this difference, so it is ambiguous.Whereas,the constituent or tree diagrams analysis can make this difference clear.So,we say tree diagrams are more advantageous and informative than linear structure analysis. NP NP NP NP NP NP The old men and the women the old men and the old women 42.From the perspective of psycholinguistic analysis,language use in terms of perception,comprehension and production follows a certain pattern which involves the coordination of various language centers. When we speak,words are drawn from Wernicke‘s area and transferred to Broca’s area, which determines the details of their form and pronunciation.The appropriate instructions are then sent to the motor area which controls the vocal tract to physically articulate the words. When we hear something and try to comprehend it,t he stimulus from the auditory cortex is transmitted to Wernicke‘s area,where it is then interpreted. When we perceive a visual image,a message is sent to the angular gyrus,where it is converted into a visual pattern.

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语言学是系统科学地研究语言本质、起源和运用的学科,学习现代语言学及心理、认知等学科基础知识,培养完善现代语言学知识结构的语言学专业人才和具有跨学科学科视野的国际化复合型人才。那么自考现代语言学怎么复习?

自考现代语言学怎么复习?

1、首先应通读教材,对整个理论的概貌有所了解。

2、网上下载历年试卷和考试大纲,把答案在教材书上找出来。因为自考试题是从题库中出来的,往往会反复考到,只要把这些题目都背下来,一般及格没有问题。

3、根据大纲复习,要求识记和掌握的重点背下来,就可以有好的成绩。

4、考试时,要把名词解释当简答题回答,凡是能记住的内容只要卷面允许,都写上去。

自考考试时的答题技巧

1.选择题

对于选择题这个题型,建议大家在复习时先要熟悉教材,然后有针对性地做选择题练习,在考试中才能快速做出判断。熟悉教材还有一点好处,某一道题可能不会,但根据教材中各个时代、时期的主要特点,用排除法也可得出正确选项。也就是在复习时就要提前进入考试状态。

2.简答题

在解答简答题时,最重要的是回答“是什么”,各位自考考生们在答题时要根据根据题干内容回答,问什么答什么,简单明了,不用过多解释“为什么”。一般来说简答题的字数在百字以内就可以了。

3.论述题

论述题主要回答的点就是“为什么:,而且答题时一定要条理清晰。一般来说这种题型在答题时可以分三层,第一层交代相关背景内容,第二层答出主要内容,就是“为什么”,第三层适当叙述一下问题中所述事件的意义,或是影响、地位。论述题的字数在两三百字左右可以叙述清楚。过于简单的话是很难将问题阐述清楚的。

4.分析题

分析题最重要的一点就是要弄清基本概念。在论述题中有时候会出现“论证”、“表述”等词,对于这些词,大家一定要区分清楚,然后再下笔答题,否则的话就很容易出现答非所谓或者偏离主题的现象。

5.作文题

作文题的核心就是看清题目要求。另外还需要大家注意的是,自考大学语文试卷中的作文一般是命题作文,有些考生没有注意结果另立题目进行写作,这就是审题不仔细的结果,所以建议大家一定要看清楚题目要求。

6.计算题

计算题最主要的就是要把计算过程协商,一步也不能少。涉及计算的题目,考生要注意解题步骤。评卷时是采点给分,结果对了,但没有中间的计算过程,也不可能得满分。

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现代汉语自考真题答案及解析

一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分)在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1.贯穿《寡人之于国也》始终的论题是( )A.民何以才能够加多 B.小恩小惠不是王道C.实行王道的根本措施 D.实行王道的正确态度2.《就任北京大学校长之演说》中,提倡“砥砺德行”所针对的不良校风是( )A.求学为升官发财 B.读书为混取文凭C.不正当娱乐泛滥 D.不敬爱师长学友3.《咬文嚼字》中,运用“推敲”这个典故,是为了说明( )A.文字的运用不可粗枝大叶 B.斟酌文字是调整思想感情C.文学的文字注重联想意义 D.文字运用必须有创造精神4.《冯谖客孟尝君》中,“孟尝君就国于薛’’意味着( )A.失去齐王信任,罢官归去 B.衣锦荣归故里,光宗耀祖C.得到百姓拥护,奉迎返乡 D.领受齐王派遣,出使薛国5.下列作品中,主要运用细节描写手法刻画人物性格的是( )A.《张中丞传后叙》 B.《种树郭橐驼传》C.《马伶传》 D.《先妣事略》6.《前赤壁赋》中引起“舞幽壑之潜蛟,泣孤舟之嫠妇”的是( )A.“诵明月之诗,歌窈窕之章” B.“饮酒乐甚,扣舷而歌”C.“有吹洞箫者,倚歌而和” D.曹孟德“横槊赋诗”7.在《香市》的情景描写中,反衬重兴香市结果很冷落的是( )A.单调的锣鼓声 B.依然如昔的一泓清水C.坍塌的戏台 D.“南洋武术班”的表演8.《爱尔克的灯光》所写的“灯光”中,象征着作者对新生活的信念和对理想的追求的是( )A.“于是大门内亮起了灯光”、B.“哈立希岛上的灯光”、C.“在窗前发亮的灯,……灯光在呼唤我”、D.“我仿佛又看见了一线光,一个亮,这还是我常常看见的灯光”9.《我与地坛》:“当我不在家里的那些漫长的时间,她是怎样心神不定坐卧难宁,兼着痛苦与惊恐与一个母亲最低限度的祈求。”这里使用的人物描写方法是( )CA.肖像描写 B.行为描写C.心理描写 D.细节描写10.被王国维评为“最得风人深致”的诗歌是( )A.《蒹葭》 B.《湘夫人》C.《陌上桑》 D.《秋兴八首》(其一)11.《饮酒》(其五)中,包含“大隐隐于市’’意味的诗句是( )AA.心远地自偏 B.悠然见南山C.飞鸟相与还 D.欲辩已忘言12.《行路难》中,“欲渡黄河冰塞川,将登太行雪满山”两句的象征意义是( )A.仕途受阻 B.前程绝望C.行役之苦 D.岁月蹉跎l3.下列《长恨歌》诗句中,借比喻抒情的是( )A.揽衣推枕起徘徊,珠箔银屏逦迤开B.云鬓半偏新睡觉,花冠不整下堂来C.玉容寂寞泪阑干,梨花一枝春带雨D.含情凝睇谢君王,一别音容两渺茫14.下列诗篇中,属于七言律诗的是( )A.《行路难》(其一) B.《长恨歌》C.《早雁》 D.《虞美人》(春花秋月何时了)15.《声声慢》(寻寻觅觅)中,最后导发“怎一个愁字了得”呼告的景物是( )A.晚来风急 B.旧时相识C.黄花堆积 D.梧桐细雨16.《一句话》中,“青天霹雳”的隐喻意义是( )A.蕴藏着巨大革命力量的民众 B.民众中压抑不住的革命情绪C.民众革命运动的声威和力量 D.诗人对民众革命的坚定信心17.《再别康桥》中,隐喻美好理想的是( )A.西天的云彩 B.河畔的金柳C.康河的柔波 D.彩虹似的梦18.《雨巷》中,“独自彷徨”的象征意义是( )A.孤独当中的苦闷 B.迷茫之中的寻求C.访人不遇的怅惘 D.周围环境的冷寂19.“宝玉见了这般,又自己后悔:‘方才不该和他较证,这会子他这样光景,我又替不了他。’ ”这段文字所运用的人物描写方法是( )A.行为描写 B.语言描写C.细节描写 D.心理描写20.《苦恼》中,车夫姚纳的主要苦恼是( )A.天黑雪大无人乘车 B.儿子死了无依无靠C.诉说苦恼无人肯听 D.收入微薄生活艰难二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分)在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。21.下列文章,采用寓言形式的有( )A.《秋水》 B.《吃饭》 C.《蚂蚁大战》 D.《婴宁》 E.《种树郭橐驼传》22.《秋夜》一文的写作特点有( )A.隐喻象征,意在言外 B.拟人拟物,生动传神 C.语言冷峻,意境幽深D.借助对比,突出主题 E.感情复杂,褒贬分明23.《摸鱼儿》(更能消几番风雨)所包蕴的情感内容有( )A.对报国无门的悲愤 B.对妥协政策的怨刺 C.对羁旅行役的愁苦 D.对国势危殆的忧虑 E.对权奸当道的怒斥24.《祖国啊,我亲爱的祖国》中,象征贫穷落后沉重负载的意象有( )A.熏黑的矿灯 B.古莲的胚芽 C.干瘪的稻穗 D.失修的路基 E.挂泪的笑涡25.下列作品中,具有悲剧色彩的有( )A.《婴宁》 B.《断魂枪》 C.《哦,香雪》 D.《苦恼》 E.《金鲤鱼的百裥裙》三、词语解释题(本大题共10小题,每小题1分,共10分)26.直不百步耳,是亦走也直:仅,只27.号物之数谓之万号:称28.何其衰也何其:.多么29.即彼成我败所由判也判:区别30.项王军壁垓下壁:营垒,在。。。。。。扎营31.贺兰嫉巡、远之声威功绩出己上出己上:超过自己32.虽驱世以笑我驱世:意为世上所有的人33.知不可乎骤得骤:迅速、轻易34.峨冠盛筵峨冠:高帽35.譬如在园中最为落寞的时间落寞:寂寞四、简析题(本大题共5小题,每小题6分,共30分)36.阅读《秋水》中的一段文字,回答问题:五帝之所连,三王之所争,仁人之所忧,任士之所劳,尽此矣。伯夷辞之以为名,仲尼语之以为博,此其自多也,不似尔向之自多于水乎?A.庄子嘲讽伯夷、仲尼“自多”所依据的理念是什么?答:所依据的理念是“宇宙无限而人的认识有限。”B.这里运用了哪两种论证方法?答:归纳法和类比法C.这里采用了哪些修辞手法?答:排比、对偶、反问37.阅读《垓下之围》中的一段文字,回答问题:项王军壁垓下,兵少食尽,汉军及诸侯兵围之数重。夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌,项王乃大惊曰:“汉皆已得楚乎?是何楚人之多也!’’项王则夜起,饮帐中。有美人名虞,常幸从;骏马名骓,常骑之。于是项王乃悲歌慷慨,自为诗曰:“力拔山兮气盖世,时不利兮骓不逝;骓不逝兮可奈何,虞兮虞兮奈若何!”歌数阕,美人和之。项王泣数行下。左右皆泣,莫能仰视。A.写出这段文字中引出的两个成语。答:霸王别姬、四面楚歌B.项羽的诗表现了他怎样的性格特点?答:自以为天下第一,但承认自己失败了,无可奈何的心情;面对战马、虞姬即无可奈何又含情脉脉。C.文中运用了哪些人物描写方法?答:语言描写、行为描写38.阅读《哭小弟》中的一段文字,回答问题:小弟白面长身,美丰仪;喜文艺,娴诗词;且工书法篆刻。父亲在挽联中说他是“全才罕遇”,实非夸张。如果他有三次生命,他的多方面的才能和精力也是用不完的;可就这一辈子,也没有得以充分地发挥和施展。他病危弥留的时间很长,他那颗丹心,那颗让祖国飞起来的丹心,顽强地跳动,不肯停息。他不甘心!这样壮志未酬的人,不只他一个呵!A.举例说明文中的正面描写与侧面描写。答:正面描写“白面长身,美丰仪;喜文艺,娴诗词;且工书法篆刻”;侧面描写“父亲在挽联中说他是全才罕遇” B.这段文字的写作特点是什么?答:融描写、议论、抒情于一体C.联系全文,“这样壮志未酬的人,不只他一个呵’’一句有何深意?答:由“哭小弟”到“哭一代知识分子”,深化主题。39.阅读《湘夫人》中的一段,回答问题:帝子降兮北渚,目眇眇兮愁予。嫋嫋兮秋风,洞庭波兮木叶下。A.前两句为全诗设定了怎样的情景?答:期约不遇、充满忧伤B.这一情景与《蒹葭》中的什么情景相近?答:在水一方,渴望难极。C.这里运用了怎样的情景交融方式?答:融情入景。40.阅读《断魂枪》中的一段文字,回答问题:谁不晓得沙子龙是利落,短瘦,硬棒,两眼明得像霜夜的大星?可是,现在他身上放了肉。镖局改了客栈,他自己在后小院占着三间北房,大枪立在墙角,院子里有几只楼鸽。只是在夜间,他把小院的门关好,熟习熟习他的“五虎断魂枪”。这条枪与这套枪,二十年的工夫,在西北一带,给他创出来:“神枪沙子龙”五个字,没遇见过敌手。现在,这条枪与这套枪不会再替他增光显胜了;只是摸摸这凉,滑,硬而发颤的杆子,使他心中少难过一些而已。只有在夜间独自拿起枪来,才能相信自己还是“神枪沙”。在白天,他不大谈武艺与往事;他的世界已被狂风吹了走。A.举例说明这段文字中对沙子龙的描写所运用的三种人物描写方法。答:肖像描写:两眼明得像霜夜的大星行为描写:只是摸摸这凉,滑,硬而发颤的杆子心理描写:使他心中少难过一些而已B.沙子龙“镖局改了客栈”反映了怎样的社会背景?答:时代变化,在西方坚船利炮前,以刀枪棍棒为代表的国术无用了,不得不谋求改变。C.沙子龙夜间练枪表现出他怎样的性格特征?答:仍沉湎于“神枪沙子龙”的旧梦,珍爱在“快枪”面前无用的断魂枪。五、作文题(30分)41.以“我的财富”为题,写一篇不少于800字的文章。除诗歌外,文体不限。参考答案:一、 单选题1-20 ACBAD CDDCA AACCD CDBDC二、 多选题21-25 AE ABCE ABDE ACD ABDE

从新浪爱问资料里找,还是比较全的

一、单项选择题(本大题共20小题,每小题1分,共20分) 在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。 1.联合国规定了六种工作语言,它们是() A.汉语、日语、法语、英语、阿拉伯语、葡萄牙语 B.俄语、英语、德语、法语、意大利语、西班牙语 C.汉语、俄语、法语、英语、西班牙语、阿拉伯语 D.日语、德语、英语、法语、葡萄牙语、意大利语 2.“舌尖中、浊、边音”声母是() A.n B.l C.m D.ng 3.下列各项中都有韵头的韵母是() A.ua、iang、ueng B.ei、ou、ie C.ua、en、ing D.uei、in、ai 4.下列各组中,三个字都不是阳平字的一组是() A.实、前、培 B.习、扎、绝 C.荫、撮、妃 D.锚、淆、清 5.“你从什么地方来啊”、“是啊”中的“啊”应该念作() A.na、ra B.wa、za C.ya、ra D.nga、wa 6.下列各组汉语拼音全都正确的一组是() A.黯然ànrán 沉浸cénjǐn B.倩影qiànyǐng 斑驳bānbé C.徘徊páihuái 租赁zūlìn D.崔嵬chuīwéi 骀荡yìdàng 7.“女、写、长”三个汉字的笔画数分别是() A.四、五、四 B.三、五、四 C.三、六、五 D.四、六、五 8.下列各组中三个汉字都属于形声字的一组是() A.案、明、楷 B.休、旗、闷 C.恭、惊、清 D.体、娘、甘 9.“踟蹰”是() A.双声词 B.叠韵词 C.音译词 D.外来词 10.下列各组中两个语素都是不定位语素的一组是() A.了、呢 B.可、者 C.与、阿 D.民、语 11.下列各组中两个词都是补充式合成词的一组是() A.马匹、接近 B.平反、缩小 C.爱护、革新 D.壮观、武断 12.“铭记、尴尬”分别属于() A.方言词、外来词 B.古语词、方言词 C.古语词、外来词 D.外来词、方言词 13.下列各组中两个成语都属于主谓结构的一组是() A.高朋满座、狐假虎威 B.草木皆兵、入木三分 C.众叛亲离、兵荒马乱 D.令人发指、名列前茅 14.下列各组中三个词都是介词的一组是() A.其实、把、自 B.似的、为、对 C.对于、被、于 D.所以、从、和 15.下列各项中,“净”不是副词的是() A.屋子里净是垃圾 B.放在桶里的是净水 C.净来些不三不四的人 D.浑身净是泥巴 16.下列短语中属于连动短语的是() A.争论开始 B.气得流泪 C.躺着不动 D.喜欢旅游 17.下列各句的主语属于体词性主语的是() A.游泳是一项很好的运动。 B.说明白是为了让别人更加理解你。 C.打球是为了锻炼身体。 D.举手的是坐在最后的那位。 18.下列句子中属于述宾谓语句的是() A.老李请小张来做这件事。 B.校园里有人在散步。 C.他们同意老王担任这项工作。 D.他们让老王担任这项工作。 19.下列四个句子中最得体的一句是() A.对于今后是升学还是从商,两个人协商了半天,还是拿不定主意。 B.对于今后是升学还是从商,两个人商榷了半天,还是拿不定主意。 C.对于今后是升学还是从商,两个人研讨了半天,还是拿不定主意。 D.对于今后是升学还是从商,两个人商量了半天,还是拿不定主意。 20.“有一些物产丰美、名胜古迹多的地区,更是宾客盈门,高朋满座。有些领导有时变成‘内交家’,自愿地或被迫地生活在彬彬有礼、客客气气的应酬活动中……”这段话中运用的修辞格是() A.借代 B.借喻 C.拟物 D.仿词 二、多项选择题(本大题共5小题,每小题2分,共10分) 在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的,请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。 21.下列五个成语中,声调正确的是() A.激情昂扬(阳平、阳平、阳平、阳平) B.洋洋得意(阳平、阳平、阳平、去声) C.忠言逆耳(阴平、阳平、去声、阳平) D.光明磊落(阴平、阳平、上声、去声) E.语重心长(上声、去声、阴平、阳平) 22.下列各组中,两个词可以看作反义词的是() A.谦虚、骄傲 B.太阳、月亮 C.阴、阳 D.会员、非会员 E.正、负 23.下列各组中三个词都属于名词的有() A.服装、疾苦、勇气 B.限度、智慧、欲望 C.使用、盼望、限制 D.聪明、可爱、痛苦 E.爱情、感情、心情 24.下列短语中,属于述宾短语的是() A.给他一本书 B.知道他要来 C.有条件做这件事 D.请他做报告 E.让他来 25.下列句子含有比喻的有() A.街上仿佛没有人,道路好像加宽了许多,空旷而没有一点人气,白花花的令人害怕。 B.大地是母亲,人民用辛勤的汗水浇灌着她。 C.问君能有几多愁?恰似一江春水向东流。 D.生活不是一架准确的天平。 E.中国最多的却是枉道:不打落水狗,反被狗咬了。 三、判断说明题(本大题共5小题,每小题1分,共5分) 正确的在括号内打“√”,不用说明理由;错误的在括号内打“×”,并说明理由,不说明理由的扣分。 26.现代汉语规范化包括两方面的内容:一是使规范明确,二是使规范普及。( ) 27.在现代汉语普通话音节中,韵母等于元音,声母等于辅音。( ) 28.能分析出两个以上部件的汉字就是合体字。( ) 29.一个词可能会有好几个反义词。( ) 30.“我不是知道得太多,而是了解得太少。”是表示递进关系的复句。( ) 四、术语解释题(本大题共2小题,每小题3分,共6分) 31.音节 32.句法成分 五、分析题(本大题共7小题,每小题4分,共28分) 33.将下列汉字按四呼的不同进行分组: 权 吃 而 群 对 无 表 联 开口呼齐齿呼合口呼撮口呼34.列表分析下列声母,在相应的栏目中划上“+”或“-”:舌尖后音 舌根音 唇齿音 塞音 擦音 gfzhs35.分析下列汉字的结构模式: 壹 句 向 相 36.指出下列加点的词用的是本义、基本义、引申义还是比喻义: A.黄河流域是我国古代文化的摇篮 B.不要在背地里说人长短 C.奔走相告 D.身体健康最为重要 37.在表中填出疑问句的结构类型和所属的句型: 疑问句 疑问句的结构类型 所属句型 你去哪儿呢?你去不去那儿?明天星期一了吗?你去北京,还是他去北京?38.用层次分析法分析下列短语,是多义短语的请分别分析: A.和我们一起回来 B.新职工宿舍 39.请指出下列句子的焦点,并说明焦点的类型: A.是他在北京打工。 B.我爱看法国电影,不太喜欢看美国电影。 六、改错题(本大题共8小题,每小题2分,共16分) 40.改正下列词中用错了的声母或韵母: A.少数 sǎoshù B.恼怒 lǎonù C.人称 rénchēn D.当然 dānrán 41.下列词语的注音有错误,请加以改正: A.飞跃 fēiüè B.堤岸 dīàn C.词语 cíyǚ D.乌鸦 ūyā 42.用波浪线标示句子中的错别字并加以改正: 他心胸开阔,安贫乐道,写出的文章也情趣淡薄,真是文如其人。 43.改正句中使用不当的词语,并说明理由: 他坐在马鞍上鸟瞰那小溪的清澈的水底。 44.改正句中使用不当的词语,并说明理由: 表彰大会后,两位先进工作者又留下来继续交换经验。 45.修改病句并说明错误的原因: 他已经是经理了,但从不大手大脚,常想着为公司节俭一些开支。 46.修改病句并说明错误的原因: 地震的时候,他正出差在外,所以幸免没有遇难。 47.修改病句并说明错误的原因: 迅速提高学生的写作水平,这是一个语文教师普遍关心的问题。 七、论述题(本大题共3小题,每小题5分,共15分) 48.普通话语音有几种调类?请分别说出它们的名称和调值。 49.在一次小学语文考试中,有一个题目是写出“伟大”的反义词,有的学生答“平凡”,被判为错误,因为标准答案是“渺小”。请谈谈你对这个问题的看法。 50.“二”和“两”在用法上有什么区别?

自考现代汉语真题及答案解析

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术语解释:

21.元音

【答案】发音时口腔、咽头不受阻碍而形成的音叫做元音。

【考点】语音概说

22. 外来词

【答案】外来词又称借词,是指从其他民族语言中吸收的词。包括纯粹音译、音译兼意译、半音译半意译、音译加注、直接借形。

【考点】词汇

23. 同音词

【答案】同音词指的是语音形式完全相同,但是意义完全不同的一组词。

【考点】同音词

简答题:

39.简述词汇的特点

【答案】

(1)现代汉语的词汇双音节词占优势。汉语词形简短,古汉语单音词更多发展到现代汉语,逐渐趋向双音节化,如“目—眼睛”、“石—石头”,有些多音节词也被缩减为双音节词“外交部长——外长”。

(2)广泛使用词根复合法。汉语运用词根复合法,使用词根语素构成词最多,如“江河”、“山峰”等,使用附加法,用词缀语素和词根语素构成的词特别少,比如“袜子、石头“。

【考点】词汇

40.简述倒装句的特点

【答案】

(1)结构可以复位;

(2)语音轻读;

(3)表达重心前置

【考点】句子的变化

关于10月自学考试《现代汉语》部分真题(网友回忆版),就给大家说到这里了,自考考试成绩一般在考后1-2月左右公布,各地具体规定不一样,大家可以及时关注,祝大家都能取得好成绩!

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解析

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D. 决心为祖国的富饶荣光和自由而献身

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一、填空题(每空1分,共10分)1.语素可以定义为(最小的有意义)的语言成分。2.一个词的语法功能指的是这个词在句法结构里所能占据的( 语法位置)。3.任何句法结构都可以从两个方面观察:既可以作为一个复杂的结构看它的内部结构,也可以当作一个整体看它的(语法功能 )。4.从句子的功能来看,可以把它分成陈述句、疑问句、称呼句、感叹句和(祈使句 )。5.词是反映词的(语法功能 )的类,尽管同一词类在意义上也有一定的共同点。6.谓词性成分转化为体词性成分的主要手段是(“的”字结构 )。7.谓词性主语可以分成(指称性的 )和陈述性的两类。8.主语和谓语的关系可以从结构、语义和(表达 )三个不同的方面来观察。9.“站”、“世纪”这样的词直接放在数词后头的时候,叫做(准量词 )。10.形容词或动词前边加上“个”变成体词性结构以后充任的宾语叫(程度宾语 )。二、单项选择题(每小题 1 分,共 20 分)在下列每小题的四个备选答案中选出一个正确答案,并将其字母标号填入题干的括号内。11.在分析一种语言的语音结构时,最小的单位是(A ) A音位 B音节 C语素 D元音12.汉语的语素绝大部分都是(C )A两个音节的 B三音节的 C单音节的D多音节的13.在多音节单纯词里,一个汉字代表的是( C) A无意义的音位 B有意义的音节 C无意义的音节 D有意义的音位14.下列不是偏正结构的是(C ) A精品书 B九个孩子C打扫房间 D旧报纸15. “写文章”和“写清楚”分别是( A)A述宾结构、述补结构B偏正结构、联合结构C述补结构、偏正结构D述补结构、主谓结构16.有关合成词“好好儿的”,以下分析不正确的是(C )A它是附加式的合成词B它的词根部分是重叠式C“好好”是音节“好”的重迭式。D“的”附加在“好好儿”上,“儿”附加在“好好”上17.属于区别词的是( C) A酸性B高级 C初级 D低级18.下面说法正确的是(D )A实词是封闭类,虚词是开放类B实词表示事物、动作、行为等等,虚词起语法作用,但也有具体的意义C实词都是自由的,虚词绝大部分是粘着的D实词能充当主语、宾语或谓语,虚词不能19.不属于准宾语的是(B ) A醒了两次 B扫扫地 C去超市 D来了客人20.属于连谓结构的是(B ) A唱歌跳舞 B跟你开玩笑 C笑得肚子疼D喜欢读书21.“很危险”、“有危险”中的“危险”是(D ) A名词 B形容词 C名动词D名形词22.下面的说法正确的是(A )A代词可以是体词性的,也可以是谓词性的B代词本身的语法功能和它所替代的词的语法功能一致C代词可以分为人称代词和指示代词两种D“这么”所替代的词是体词性的23.下面的“想”属于助动词的是(B ) A很想妈妈 B她想去跳舞 C她想了很多 D她想自己也许来晚了24.“看不见”是(D ) A趋向补语 B粘合式述补结构 C结果补语 D 组合式述补结构25.与有定宾语不同的是,无定宾语可以出现在(C ) A述语之后 B复合趋向补语中间 C整个述补结构之后 D主语与谓语之间26.下面句子中属于复句的是(A )A小明下了地铁,上了112路公交车。B肖玲听说,公司换了个会计。C这些花儿的特点是,颜色淡雅,香味浓郁。D为了孩子弹好钢琴,父母没少费劲。27.下列不是准定语的是(A ) A我的书丢了 B张三的原告,李四的被告C他的篮球打得好 D我来帮你的忙28.下面说法不正确的是(C )A分句和分句之间有意义上的联系B分句有时用连词连接。C连词是作为结构成分来看待的。D有的分句是定位的。29.以下宾语不是虚指的是( D) A笑什么?别笑了。 B唱它一段 C她说她的 D看了回京戏30.“提起这个人啊,可是大大有名。”中“啊”的作用是(B ) A进行对比 B引起注意 C表示列举 D举个例子三、分析题(第32题6分,其余每小题4分,共42分)31.按要求将下列语素归类(如有交*,可以重复选择)。来 日 失 呢 金 民 好 我自由语素( ) 粘着语素( )定位语素( ) 不定位语素( )自由语素(好来我) 粘着语素(日失呢金民) 定位语素(金民日失) 不定位语素(呢)32.“手表”、“白菜”、“铁路”、“牛肉”“火车”是词还是词组,请具体分析。几个结构的组成成分都是自由的。“手表”、“火车”不能扩展,是词。“白菜”、“铁路”“牛肉”虽能够扩展,但扩展后的意义有变化,因此也是词。33.“爬过山没有?”和“爬过山就到了”中的“过”有什么区别?前一句中的“过”是动词后缀,后面不能再加后缀“了”;后一句中的“过”则是动词做补语,“爬过”是述补结构,后面还能加后缀“了”。两句话因此意思也不同。34.分析“满满儿的”、“他们的”、和“慢慢的”中的“的”有什么不同。“满满儿的”中的“的”是状态形容词后缀,“他们的”中的“的”是助词。“慢慢的”中的“的”是副词后缀。35.“有人”的否定形式是“没有人”,“没有来”的肯定形式不是“有来”,而是“来了”,为什么?两个格式的宾语不同,意思也不一样。“没有人”的“没有”加在体词性成分前边,表示不存在,文言文说“无”,“没有来”的“没有”加在谓词性成分前,表示动作没有完成或是事情没有发生,文言文说“未”。36.“他自己开车”和“他自己知道”在句法结构上一样吗?不一样。前一句主语是“他”,谓语是主谓结构“自己开车”,“他”和“自己”没有直接的结构关系。后一句是同位结构“他自己”做主语。37.将以下句子的主语按要求归类①你的话解不开他的心结。②那支枪不知什么时候丢了。③所有的道理都讲过了。④那位新同事领导还没见过他。⑤这种纸质的杯子用不了多久。⑥每个小朋友都发一个。受事主语( ) 与事主语( ) 工具主语( )受事主语(②③) 与事主语(④⑥) 工具主语(①⑤)38.举例分析语气词在句中停顿处的作用。①作为停顿的标记。②表示某种语气。(例略)39.请用层次分析法分析下列语法结构的层次和结构关系。①热切盼望他到来②培养阅读的兴趣和养成好学的习惯①热切盼望他到来主谓└ 偏正┘└主谓┘②养成读书的习惯和提高理解的能力联合└ 述宾 ┘└ 述宾 ┘└ 偏正┘ └ 偏正┘40.用划线加注法分析下面多重复句的层次关系。简洁并不是简单,它是以充实为前提的,因此,只有对要表达的事物非常熟悉,能抓住其要点,才能做到简洁。简洁并不是简单,‖它是以充实为并列前提的,|因此,只有对要表达的事物非常熟因果悉,|‖能抓住其要点,‖才能做到简洁。并列 条件四、简答题41.联合结构与并立式复合词有什么不同?联合结构的项数是没有限制的,是可扩展的,并立式复合词限于两项,不能扩展。联合结构的语法功能跟它的组成部分语法功能基本上一致,并立式复合词则不一定。从意义上说,联合结构每一项都是实指,而且各有独立的意义,并立式复合词的每一项意义是比况性的。42.举例分析形容词做状态补语的两种情况。形容词做状态补语的两种情况是A“飞得高”B“飞得很高”、“飞得高高的”。A的状态补语是单个的形容词,B的状态补语是“程度副词+形容词”或状态形容词。两类格式表示的意义不同,A是断言,B是描写;A是静态的,B是动态的;A不包含量的概念,B包含量的概念。从语法功能上来看,B可以受“早就、已经、连忙”等时间副词的修饰,A则不可。B可以跟“把、被、给”等介词连用,A不行。B可以做状语,A不行。(例略)43.述宾结构的述语往往表示动作或行为,宾语表示跟这种动作或行为有联系的事物。宾语与述语的联系具体表现为什么?请举例说明。①宾语表示动作或行为的对象(受事)。②宾语所指的事物是动作或行为产生的。③宾语表示处所。④宾语表示动作或行为的主动者(施事)。(例略)五、论述题。44.如何分辨词和词组?现代汉语中有哪些确定词的界限的方式?有什么缺陷?请举例说明。①根据能不能单独成句来确定汉语的词是有困难的。②单纯根据语言成分活动能力的强弱来确定词的界限也是不足的。③扩展法是根据语言成分结合的紧密程度来确定词和非词的界限的。④单纯从意义方面判定词的界限也是行不通的。判定词的界限要综合运用以上几种方法。(例略)

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