你好，自考书籍主要是教材、大纲和辅导书模拟题，历次考试真题，可以网上试试，或是有卖那种历次考试真题的试卷的辅导资料的可以，或是模拟试题都是可以的。自考书籍要根据你报考的科目来选择教材，所有课程的教材信息已经公布，在报考时自考办就有。根据 教材信息 购买教材 根据考试科目安排 报考科目 根据报考科目和科目的教材信息购买教材 教材信息已经公布，在报考时自考办就有 报考时在购买。查询你报考课程的教材信息，根据教材信息购买教材，可以在网上购买也可以到自考办问问，或是大型书店都有。一、自考教材都是全国自考办指定的教材，一般考试大纲都是根据指定教材来出的，所以教材一定不能买错。自考教材一般在每次考试前发布考试安排与计划时同时公布各科目的指定教材，考生在选购时根据办发布的各课程的代码、主编、版本号等信息进行选购就可以了~ 二、购买自考教材或辅导教材的方式一般有三种：1、自考办教材服务部：正版教材、一般原价出售，无折扣2、自考实体书店：一般都是6~9折左右，根据书的质量有些差异，每个地区基本上都有几个自考书店的3、网上书店购买：个人比较推荐的方式，一般网上都还是非常容易购买的，而且折扣也比较大。你直接网上搜书名就可以了。
Chapter II The Neoclassical Period 一。新古典主义时期概述 1. 识记：（1）新古典主义时期的界定 （2）政治经济背景 （3）启蒙运动的意义与影响 2. 领会：（1）启蒙运动的主张与文学的特点 （2）新古典主义时期文学的艺术特点 3. 应用：启蒙运动，新古典主义，英雄双行诗，英国现实主义小说等名词的解释 1. 识记Definitions of literary terms 1） The Enlightenment Movement The 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality， equality & science. They called for a reference to order， reason & rules & advocated universal education. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden， Alexander pope & so on. 2） Neoclassicism In the field of literature， the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicists， all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers （Homer， Virgil， & so on）& those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order， logic， restrained emotion & accuracy， & that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. This belief led them to seek proportion， unity， harmony & grace in literary expressions， in an effort to delight， instruct & correct human beings， primarily as social animals. Thus， a polite， urbane， witty， & intellectual art developed. 3） The heroic couplet It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry， which rhyme & are written with five beats each…… 4） the Realistic Novel The mid-century was， however， predominated by a newly rising literary form， the modern English novel， which， contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats， gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. This-the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century - is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution & a symbol of the growing importance & strength of the English of the growing importance & strength of the English middle class， Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe ，Samuel Richardson， Henry Fielding， Laurence Sterne， Tobias Creorge Smollott， & Oliver Goldsmith. 2. 领会Characteristics of Neoclassical Literature According to the neoclassicists， all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers （Homer， Virgil， Horace， Ovid， etc，）& those of the contemporary French ones. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws &rules for almost every genre of literature， prose should be precise， direct， smooth & flexible. Poetry should be lyrical， epical， didactic， satiric or dramatic， & each class should be guided by its own principles. Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets （iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines）； the three unities of time， space & action should be strictly observed； regularity in construction should be adhered to & type characters rather than individuals should be represented. 二。该时期的重要作家 1，一般识记：重要作家的创作生涯 2，识记：重要作品及主要内容 3，领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色其代表作的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，艺术特色，社会意义等。 4，应用：（1）《天路历程》中“名利场”的寓义。 （2）蒲伯的文学（诗歌）批评观及其诗歌特色。 （3）《格列佛游记》的社会讽刺。 （4）菲尔丁的“散文体史诗”。 （5）格雷诗歌的主题与意象。 I. John Bunyan 1. 一般识记His life English author & preacher， born in Elstow， England， probably Nov.28， 1628，and died in London， England， Aug， 31， 1688. 2. 识记His major works John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress （1678） is the outstanding 17th-century English religious literature. For more than 200 years this book was second in popularity only to the Bible. Bunyan did not attempt to portray the political confusion & social upheaval of 17th-century England. His concern was rather the study of man’s spiritual life. Bunyan chiefly wrote four prose works - Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners （1666）， The Life & Death of Mr. Badman （1680）， The Holy War （1682） & The Pilgrim’s Progress， part II （1684）。 3. 领会Characteristics of his works Bunyan’s style was modeled after that of the English Bible. With his concrete &living language & carefully observed & vividly presented details， he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure of reading his novel & to relive the experience of his characters. 4. 应用Selected Reading "The Vanity Fair"， an excerpt from Part I of The Pilgrim’s Progress. （1） Theme： The Pilgrim’s Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to comply with Christian doctrines & seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weakness & all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also beats much relevance to the time. Its predominant metaphor-life as a journey-is simple & familiar. （2） "Vanity Fair" is the most famous part of The Pilgrim’s Progress. It tells how Christian & his friend Faithful come to Vanity Fair on their way to heaven，" a fair where in should be sold all sorts of vanity & that it should last all the year long： therefore at this fair all such merchandise sold， as houses， lands， trades， places， honors， preferments， titles， countries， kingdoms， lusts， pleasures & delights of all sorts as harlots， wives， husbands， children， masters， servants， lives， blood， bodies， souls， silver， gold， pearls， precious stones & what not." As they refuse to buy anything but truth， they are beaten & put in a cage & then taken out & led in chains up & down the fair. They are sentenced to death-to be put to the most cruel death that can be invented." Vanity Fair" is a satirical picture of English society， law & religion in Bunyan’s day.
我也是学自考的，专业是英语，不过已经毕业了。在上学时英美文学的确是很让人感到头疼的一个学科，不过山在高也会有人去翻越的。其实学英美文学主要是记住选文前面有关作者和文章的相关介绍。再一个就是要对主要的选文仔细的阅读，特别是几个大家，例如莎士比亚了，他的每个选文都非常重要，一定要好好看。还有就是作品和作者要对上。我们考得时候就有作者和作品的匹配题。最后说说我自己总结出来的一个小方法吧。通常是要对一个时期的文学大家自己列一个表，要自己不看书的写出来，要英国和美国的一起写。因为美国的部分开始的比较晚，就可以先弄英国的。自己列好作家之后就针对每个作家写出他们的作品。然后自己想想作品的主要内容。并针对这一时期的文化背景提炼出一些主要的东西来。我当时就用的这种方法，尤其是在临考试前的一个月，这种方法比较有效。英美文学是一个非常好的学科，虽然学的时候很难，但能受益终生。希望你能顺利通过！这门课基本上没有捷径可走，必须都看一遍，切记，一定要看原文，译文只做参考。生平可以不用看的太详细，但是作品一定要记得滚瓜烂熟，就像初中学历史的时候背的作家和作品一样。英国部分占60分，美国部分占40分，可以按照这个比例去看书。再就是课本最后的教学大纲，按照那个可以帮助你捋顺。再就是做历年真题，一定是真题，出题一般都是从题库里找，有时好多题可以连续出好几年。英美文学一定要稳扎稳打，除非是对文学本来就有些研究的同学，可能看起来会顺一点。每个作家的风格一定要信手拈来，最后的大题考的就是这些。还有课本上的所有节选一定要知道这是谁的作品，以及这些作品的相关的东西。选择看着眼熟的一般就对了，前提是你得的确看着眼熟。我觉得最重要的就是看课本，一定不能把译文作为主要的来看，因为出题全是英语。最后希望你能顺利过关。 自考“英美文学选读”课程介绍课程性质与学习目的英美文学选读课是全国高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业本科段的必修课程，是为培养和检验自学应考者英美文学的基本理论知识和理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。设置本课程旨在使英语自学者对英美两国文学形成与发展的全貌有一个大概的了解；并通过阅读具有代表性的英美文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法。由于本课程以作家作品为重点，因此考生需仔细阅读原作。通过阅读，努力提高语言水平，增强对英美文学原著的理解，特别是对作品中表现的社会生活和人物思想感情的理解，提高他们阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。根据本课程考试的大纲，凡要求“识记”的内容，所涉及的知识和理论都与考核点直接相关，考生应熟知其概念和有关知识，理解其原理，并能在语言环境中予以辨认。凡要求“领会”的内容，必须做到掌握有关知识和理论。凡要求“应用”的内容，必须做到在掌握有关知识和理论的基础上使之转换为能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析解决英美文学中的相关问题，并指导作品的阅读。凡要求“一般识记”的内容，所涉及的知识和理论，一般不直接作为考核时命题的内容，但由于这些内容对于其他相关知识和理论以及作品阅读能力的考核有直接或间接的影响，因此要求考生在自学过程对这些内容也要有所了解自考名师总结：怎样准备英美文学选读 2009年04月09日 19:21 新东方新东方实用英语学院自考部 黄培辰英美文学选读这门课程学习比较困难，要记忆和理解的知识很多，学好这门课的关键是要注重以下几个问题。首先，要注意细节。文学新颁布了考试大纲，明确规定了考核目标。凡是考核目标范围内的作家，一定要仔细阅读，直到能说出以下几个内容才能继续向后复习：1)他的主要作品是什么？2)他的写作主题是什么？3)他的写作风格是什么？4)他是不是这个时代的代表性作家，如果是，那么出大答题的可能性存在不存在？如果这几个问题都能很明确地说出来了，那么考试通过的日子就不远了。其次，复习一定要有章法。有些同学对细节归纳不够，另外一些同学细节背得还可以，但语言表述能力不行。前一种同学，前面的四十分选择题做的就不理想，后面还有节选题，就更不好办了。后一种同学记得住细节，但是拼写语法错误多，看出来是什么作家了，就是写不对，这么丢分十分遗憾。对于这样的同学，我觉得规定每周看书的进度十分重要，比如4月1日到4月3日，准备复习英国文艺复兴部分，你可以每天上午先把书上的细节看一遍，对内容有一个大致的了解。下午的时候专门背大答题，细节也顾到了，大答题的表述内容记清了，进度控制住了，效率自然就提高了。还有就是一定要读作家评述后面的节选。有的考生只读关于作家和文学流派的介绍，不读教材中节选的引文，这样做是很危险的。试卷中有从教材里选出引文，要求考生回答作家的名字，作品的题目和对引文的理解。其实这些考生不是不想读后面的引文，而是没有学会阅读的方法。要想读懂后面的选文，关键是了解文学课本的写作特点。你得先弄清楚作家的创作主题和思想(这一部分通常是写在作家评述部分中)然后顺着创作主题到选文中寻找和这些创作思想相符的句子(选文登在后面，和创作主体部分经常是脱节的)这样做才能既少看，还不遗漏内容。比如惠特曼的诗歌，自我之歌的主题是“歌颂个人主义，自由和平等”，用第一人称手法把诗人的思想和大众的思想联系起来，歌颂一个自由的美国。而书后节选中的song of myself中的第一诗节就体现了这种主题： I celebrate myself and I sing myself。(这句话说的是自由和个人主义)，Every atom belonging to me as good belong to you。(这句话说得的诗人希望把自己的思想和大众的思想进行联系)，很显然，每一个美国人都把歌颂自己变成一个座右铭，一个人人歌颂自由的国度也就必然是一个歌颂自由的国度。总之，一定要前后联系的看节选，先找到主题，再读节选。最后就是大答题不能死记硬背，得想点办法，加快记忆效率。比如背雪莱的西风颂，那么一大段怎么背呀？最简单的办法就是先把中文的大意背下来，再抓住关键字，回想英语的内容是什么。你可以这么背：“西风是雪莱的形象(image)，西风是建设和摧毁的力量(constructive and destructive potential)，西风是无处不在的力量(universality)，用自然神祈祷希望和复生(primitive deity for hope and rebirth)”抓住了关键字，内容不就明确了吗？还有就是要找到作家之间，英美之间的一些相似性，这样对背诵也很有好处。比如课文中谈到托马斯哈代的自然主义时曾有过“性格即命运，环境即命运”的说法，在美国部分讨论德莱塞德自然主义时也有类似的内容，这个时候就要先背好托马斯哈代部分的内容，只有前面的内容背好了，后面的内容才有可能快速掠过，提高学习效率。类似的情况还出现在：狄更斯的创作主题和肖伯纳的创作主题之间有一些关键字是相似的(都谈到了谴责社会虚伪，不公和腐败)，英国现代文学创作特点和美国文学创作特点(都提到了from public to private, from chronological to psychic, from objective to subjective)。很多来新东方上课的同学其实开始英语水平都不太高，对文学也很头疼。但是找到了记忆方法之后，反而觉得文学很有意思，最后不仅考出了高分，还喜欢上了文学。这就全在学习方法了。总之，不能一句话一句话的“精读”，时间来不及，考试的时候未必记得住。耽误了时间，延迟了效率，得不偿失。 更多信息请访问：新浪自考频道 自考论坛 自考博客圈
今天教务老师给大家收集整理了高级英语自考本科教材，自考本科高级英语怎么备考的相关问题解答，还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦，以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答，希望对你考试有帮助！请问南师大英语本科自考英语泛读用什么教材的？全新正版27036高级英语阅读教程英语泛读江苏自考教材21世纪英语专业系列教程自学考试英语专业本科指定教材高级英语阅读教程下作者：康文凯出版社：上海交通大学出版社出版日期：2004-4-5定价：28元【内容简介】《高级英语阅读教程》分上中下三册，共精选短文96篇，内容涉及中西文化、语言、教育、生活、媒介、历史、妇女问题、科技、人性、哲学、文学等，每册按主题分为16个单元，每个单元配有与学习内容相关的阅读理解、词义辨析、句子释义以及修辞等练习和思考题。该教程为英语专业高年级学生设计，也可用作大学英语研究生和本科生选修课教材或散文爱好者的读物。【目录信息】UnitOneTextAUniversitiesandTheirFunctionTextBTheCollegeIsforEveryoneCultUnitTwoTextAMotherTongueTextBDoctorTalkUnitThreeTextATheProblemofHappinessTextBMyFather’sLifeUnitFourTextARememberingtheFarmTextBMyWoodUnitFiveTextASpeakingofPicturesTextBTelevision:ThePlug-inDrugUnitSixTextAHowDoesaPoemMean?TextBReading:FromManyRulestoOneHabitUnitSevenTextAWomenTextBWomen’sBusinessUnitEightUnitNineUnitTenUnitElevenUnitTwelveUnitThirteenUnitFourteenUnitFifteenUnitSixteenReferenceKeytotheExercises2010广东省自考英语教育本科教材有哪些？课程代码课程名称使用教材作者出版社版次8469高级英语(一)(B)新编英语教程(5册)李观仪上海外语教育出版社2003.38470高级英语(二)(B)新编英语教程(5、6册)李观仪上海外语教育出版社2004.18266翻译翻译新概念英汉互译实用教程宋天锡国防工业出版社2008重印第四版8268英语词汇学现代英语词汇学概论张韵裴北京师范大学出版社20048269英语语言学新编简明英语语言学教程戴炜栋、何兆熊上海外语教育出版社2002年7月第1版8475英美报刊选读英美报刊阅读教程端木义万南京大学出版社第二版8476英国文学选读英国文学史及选读吴伟仁外语教学与研究出版社19888478英语论文写作英语写作手册丁往道等外语教学与研究1994.6第二版8477美国文学选读美国文学史及选读吴伟仁外语教学与研究出版社19908479中学英语教学法英语教学法基础何广铿暨南大学出版社20018480外语教学心理学外语教学心理学朱纯上海外语教育出版社1994.98473第二外语《中日交流标准日本语》初级上、下册人民教育/日本光村人民教育/日本光村合作出版19888474第二外语简明法语教程(上下册)孙辉商务印书馆0012英语大学英语自学教程(上册)高远高等教育出版社1999年版8447基础英语新编英语教程[修订本](1、2册)李观仪上海外语教育出版社19988448基础英语新编英语教程[修订本](3册)李观仪上海外语教育出版社19998449基础英语新编英语教程[修订本](4册)李观仪上海外语教育出版社19998450英语阅读新编英语阅读教程(1-3册)王守仁.赵文书上海外语教育出版社自考英语本科中的《高级英语》比较难，该怎样复习才能通过考试呀？自?高级英语在英语本科中不是很难的，关键是要多看书，一般应该看3遍。有很多题目是书上的东西，没有什么窍门，只有去看透教材。另外，不要把希望寄托在一些复习材料上，北大燕园什么的用处都不大。以前的真题应该做一遍。当然，你参加英语自考，应该有很好的英语基础，我就不多说怎样学习英语了，呵呵。今年自考会计本科的教材？新华书店。大型书市。中职学校书店。淘宝网。自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
河南大学外国语言学及应用语言学专业考研资料（2011年考研最新） 总部地址：大学生勤工助学服务中心（郑州大学南校区文科区14号楼下） 分部地址：河南大学明伦校区研究生宿舍学2公寓专业：050211外国语言学及应用语言学专业课考试科目：601基础课（哲学通论）801专业基础课（辩证唯物主义与历史唯物主义、西方哲学史<黑格尔之前>）推荐参考书目【未指定版本的建议使用最新版本】：①《语言学教程》胡壮麟等著（北京大学出版社）②《现代英语词汇学》陆国强著（上海外语教育出版社）③《英语修辞大全》冯翠华编（外语教学与研究出版社）④《新编英语语法教程》章振邦等编（上海外语教育出版社）⑤《大学英语写作教程》麻保金等编（河南大学出版社）⑥《新编语言学教程》刘润清、文旭编（外语教学与研究出版社）⑦《当代西方翻译理论选读》（Selected Readings of Contemporary Western Translation Theories）马会娟、苗菊编著（外语教学与研究出版社）⑧《西方翻译简史》谭载喜著（商务印书馆）⑨《中国翻译简史》马祖毅著（中国对外翻译出版公司）⑩《新编语言学教程》刘润清、文旭编（外语教学与研究出版社）⑾《汉英对比翻译导论》邵志洪著（华东理工大学出版社）2011年最新考研资料一、历年专业课考研真题和答案详解基础课（英语基础知识）06-09年考研真题【少08年，3份】基础课（英语基础知识）06-09年考研真题答案【少08年，3份】专业基础课（英美文学）01-09年考研真题【9份】专业基础课（英美文学）01-09年考研真题答案【9份】二、相关专业课考研笔记《语言学》专业学习笔记3本《英国文学选读》1内部资料《英国文学选读》2，3的笔记《美国文学》考试范围《语言学》资料，修辞范围《日语》题源《新编语言学教程》考研重点笔记（整理当中……）三：专业课辅导班录音和讲义 2009年10月考研强化班语言学讲义2009年10月考研强化班语言学录音（说明：考研重点笔记均为在读公费研究生提供，按照指定教材整理而成，对出题的重点、难点进行了详细的分析，并标明教材相应出处及重要程度，含金量极高，重点突出，对考研复习有极大帮助作用，是考研的必备参考资料）
Chapter 5The Modern Period Ⅰ。学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解20世纪批判现实主义文学和现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景。认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对现当代英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 英国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释：现代主义 4. 应用：选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格，如 （1）叶芝和艾略特诗歌（所选作品）的主题、意象分析 （2）小说《儿子与情人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析 （3）意识流小说的主要特色分析 （4）萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义分析 Ⅲ。考核知识点和考核要求 （一）现代时期概述 1.识记： A. 20世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景 B.英国20世纪批判现实主义文学 C.现代主义文学的兴起与衰落 2.领会： A. 现代主义文学创作的基本主张 B.英国现代主义文学思潮 （1）诗歌 （2）小说 （3）戏剧 3.应用： A.名词解释：现代主义 B.英国现代主义文学的特点 C.现代主义文学对当代文学的影响 （二）现代时期的主要作家 A.萧伯纳 1.一般：萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯。 2.识记： A.萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张 B.萧伯纳的戏剧创作 （1）早期主要作品：《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》 （2）中期作品：《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》 （3）晚期作品：《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》 3.领会： A.萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义 B.萧伯纳的戏剧对20世纪英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等 B.约翰。高尔斯华绥 1.一般识记：高尔斯华绥的生平与文学生涯 2.识记：高尔斯华绥的文学创作 （1）戏剧：《银盒》、《正义》、《斗争》 （2）小说：《福赛特世家》（《有产业的人》、《骑虎》、《出租》）、《现代喜剧》 3.领会： A.高尔斯华绥的创作思想 B.高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说的主要特点及社会意义 4.应用： 选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格。语言特点、叙述手法等 C、威廉。勃特勒。叶芝 1.一般：叶芝的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：叶芝诗歌的代表作品 （1）早期诗歌：《茵尼斯弗利岛》、《梦见仙境的人》、《玫瑰》 （2）中期诗歌：《新的纪元》、《1916年的复活节》 （3）晚期诗歌：《驶向拜占廷》、《丽达及天鹅》、《在学童们中间》 3.领会： A.叶芝的诗歌创作思想 B.叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义 C.叶芝诗歌的艺术成就 D.叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响 E.叶芝的戏剧创作 4.应用：选读：、所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等 D、T.S.艾略特 1.一般识记：艾略特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：艾略特的主要诗歌作品 （1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 （2）《荒原》 （3）《灰星期三》 （4）《四个四重奏》 3.领会： A.艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观 B.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义 C.艾略特的戏剧 D. 文略特的艺术成就 E.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义 B.选读：所选作品的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 E.戴维。赫伯特。劳伦斯 1.一般识记：劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：劳伦斯的主要小说 （1）《儿子与情人》 （2）《虹》 （3）《恋爱中的女人》 3.领会： A. 劳伦斯的创作思想 B. 劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义 . C. 劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等 F.詹姆斯。乔伊斯 1.一般识记：乔伊斯的生平与创作生涯 2.识记：乔伊斯的主要作品简介 （1）《都柏林人》 （2）《青年艺术家的肖像》 （3）《尤利西斯》 3.领会： A. 乔伊斯的文学创作主张与美学思想 B. 乔伊斯小说的主要艺术特色及思想意义 C.乔伊斯的艺术成就 D.乔伊斯的作品对现当代世界文学的影响 4.应用： A. 意识流小说的主要特色分析 B. 选读：所选作品的主题思想、人物塑造、语言特色、艺术手法等 Chapter 5 The Modern Period 一。识记： 1. The social， ideological background of the modern English literature： （1） The influences of the two World Wars on English literature： Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The First World War and the Second World War had greatly influenced the English literature. The catastrophic First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. Its appalling shock severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values； The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people， who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war： thousands of people were killed； the economy was ruined； and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic， cultural， and belief crisises. （2） Ideologically， the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. （a） In the mid-19th century， Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put forward the theory of scientific socialism， which not only provided a guiding principle for the working people， but also inspired them to make dauntless fights for their own emancipation. （b） Darwin's theory of evolution exerted a strong influence upon the people， causing many to lose their religious faith. The social Darwinism， under the cover of "survival of the fittest，" vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. （c） Einstein's theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space. （d） Freud's analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. （e） Arthur Schopenhauer， a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism， stressing the importance of will and intuition. （f） Having inherited the basic principles from Schopenhauer， Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality. （g） Based on the major ideas of his predecessors， Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy which put the emphasis on creation， intuition， irrationality and unconsciousness. All these irrationalist philosophers exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain. So， after the First World War， all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared： symbolism， expressionism， surrealism， cubism， futurism， Dadaism， imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s， these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement， which swept across the whole Europe and America. After the Second World War， a variety of modernism， or post-modernism， like existentialist literature， theater of the absurd， new novels and black humor， rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that "the world was absurd， and the human life was an agony." 2. The development of English poetry in the 20th century： The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. In the early years of this century， Thomas Hardy and the war poets of the younger generation were important realistic poets. Hardy expressed his strong sympathies for the suffering poor and his bitter disgusts at the social evils in his poetry as in his novels. The soldiers-poets of World War I revealed the appalling brutality of the war in a most realistic way. The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats's matured poetry marked the rise of "modern poetry，" which was， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. The 1930s witnessed great economic depressions， mass unemployment， and the rise of the Nazis. Facing such a severe situation， most of the young intellects started to turn to the left. And therefore the period was known as "the red thirties." A group of young poets during this period expressed in their poetry a radical political enthusiasm and a strong protest against fascism. With the coming of the 1950s， there was a return of realistic poetry again. By advocating reason， moral discipline， and traditional forms， a new generation of poets started "The Movement，" which explicitly rejected the modernist influence. There was no significant poetic movement in the 1960s. A multiplicity of choices opened to both the poet and the reader. Poets gradually moved into more individual styles. 3. Realism in the 20th century English literature： The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian tradition， yet its exposing and criticizing power against capitalist evils had been somewhat weakened both in width and depth. The outstanding realistic novelists of this period were John Galsworthy， H. G. Wells， and Arnold Eennett. The three trilogies of Galsworthy's Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century， which revealed the corrupted capitalist world. In his novels of social satire， H. G. Wells made realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the "Little Man；" whereas Bennett presented a vivid picture of the English life in the industrial Midlands in his best novels. Realism was， to a certain extent， eclipsed by the rapid rise of modernism in the 1920s. But with the strong swing of leftism in the 1930s， novelists began to turn their attention to the urgent social problems. They also enriched the traditional ways of creation by adopting some of the modernist techniques. However， the realistic novels of this period were more or less touched by a pessimistic mood， preoccupied with the theme of man's loneliness， and shaped in different forms： social satires by Aldous Huxley and George Orwell comic satires on the English upper class by Evelyn Waugh； and Catholic novels by Graham Greene. Another important group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background in the mid-1950s and early 1960s known as "The Angry Young Man." They demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. Kingsley Amis， John Wain， John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. They portrayed unadorned working-class life in their novels with great freshness and vigor of the working-class language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim （1954）。 The term "The Angry Young Man" came to be widely Having been merged and interpenetrated with modernism in the past several decades， the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s appeared in a new face with a richer， more vigorous and more diversified style. 二。领会： 1.Modern English poetry： It is， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. 2. Modern English novels： The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation， the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind， that one's present was the sum of his past， present and future， and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique， isolated， and private world of each individual， writers like Dorothy Richardson， James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson， Ulysses （1922） by Joyce， and Mrs. Dalloway （1925） by Woolf. One of the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing， which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century. James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist； in Ulysses， his encyclopedia-like masterpiece， Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed， illogical， illusory， and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom， who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence， old traditions are still there， but their subject matter about human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern. Forster's masterpiece， A Passage to India （1924）， is a novel of decidedly symbolist aspirations， in which the author set up， within a realistic story， a fable of moral significance that implies a highly mystical， symbolic view of life， death， human relationship， and the relationship of man with the infinite universe. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing； but unlike Joyce， he was not concerned with technical innovations； his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He believed that life impulse was the primacy of man's instinct， and that any conscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the individual's personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow （1915） and Women in Love （1920）， Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships， especially those between men and women， with a great frankness Lawrence claimed that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the desires for power and money， by the shams and frauds of middle-class life， and， above all， by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization， which turned men into inhuman machines. After the Second World War， modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism which was reflected mainly in drama. 3. The development of 20th century English drama： The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw， who， in a sense， pioneered the modern drama， though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. Wilde expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption， their snobbery， and their hypocrisy in his plays， especially in his masterpiece， The Importance-of Being Earnest （1895）。 Shaw is is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare whose works are examples of the plays inspired by social criticism. John Galsworthy carried on this tradition of social criticism in his plays. By dramatizing social and ethical problems， Galsworthy made considerable achievements in his plays such as The Silver Box （1906） and Strife （1910）， in which Galsworthy presents not only realistic pictures of social injustice， but also the workers' heroic struggles against their employers. W. B. Yeats， a prominent poet of the 20th century， was the leader of the Irish National Theater Movement. He was a verse playwright who desired to restore lyrical drama to popularity. With the heroic portrayal of spiritual truth as his main concern， Yeats wrote a number of verse plays， introducing Irish myths and folk legends； but the plot in his plays was seldom very dramatic. The 1930s witnessed a revival of poetic drama in England. One of the early experimenters was T. S. Eliot who regarded drama as the best medium of poetry. Eliot wrote several verse plays and made a considerable success. Murder in the Cathedral （1935）， with its purely dramatic power， remains the most popular of his verse plays， in spite of its primarily religious purpose. After Eliot， Christopher Fry gained considerable successes in poetic drama. His exuberant though poetically commonplace verse drama. The Lady's Not For Burning （1948）， attracted delighted audience. The English dramatic revolution， which came in the 1950s under various European and American influences， developed in two directions： the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd. The working-class drama was started by a group of young writers from the lower-middle class， or working class， who presented a new type of plays which expressed a mood of restlessness， anger and frustration， a spirit of rebelliousness， and a strong emotional protest against the existing social institutions. John Osborne's play， Look Back in Anger （1956）， in a fresh， unadorned working-class language， angrily， violently and unrelentingly condemned the contemporary social evils. With an entirely new sense of reality， Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the first "Angry Young Man." The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett， who wrote about human beings living a meaningless life in an alien， decaying world. His first play Waiting for Godot （1955） is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.
【 #自考# 导语】寒窗苦读十余载，今朝考试展锋芒;思维冷静不慌乱，下笔如神才华展;心平气和信心足，过关斩将如流水;细心用心加耐心，努力备考，定会考入理想院校。以下是 为大家整理的 《2018年自学考试《美学》精选试题及答案【四篇】》供您查阅。篇一 1.21.鲍姆加登将美学规定为研究——的学科。(A)A.低级的感性认识 B.人的意志 C.理性 D.意念 1.22.中国当代美学的哲学基础是(D) A.理念论 B.先验主体论 C.绝对精神论 D.马克思主义唯物史观 1.23.马克思认为社会生活在本质上是(B) A.意念 B.实践 C.精神 D.物质 1.24.从绝对理念出发，认为审美具有“令人解放的性质”的是(B) A.柏拉图 B.黑格尔 C.康德 D.席勒 1.25.通向审美的根本途径是(A) A.自由 B.实践 C.劳动 D.阅读 1.26.被马克思称为“自由人的联合体”的是(C) A.资本主义社会 B.社会主义社会 C.共产主义社会 D.封建社会 1.27.在现代社会，人被异化，成为了马尔库塞说的(B) A.多向度的人 B.单面人 C.双重性格的人 D.多重性格的人 1.28.人生境界的提高，关键是(B) A.学习 B.觉解 C.实践 D.艺术 1.29.人生境界的特点是它的(C) A.自发性 B.内在性 C.个体内在性和生成性 D.动态性 1.30.冯友兰先生认为，人生境界是分层次的，其中的是(A) A.天地境界 B.道德境界 C.功利境界 D.自然境界 1.31.宗白华认为在人生境界中主于美的是(C) A.功利境界 B.学术境界 C.艺术境界 D.*境界 1.32.伽达默尔认为，如果某个东西不仅被经历过，而且它的经历存在还获得一种自身具有继续存在意义的特征，那么这东西就属于(B) A.知识 B.体验 C.美 D.存在 1.33.审美关系是人和世界之间的——关系。(A) A.自由 B.限制 C.必然 D.可能 1.34.审美关系和审美活动的关系是(B) A.毫无瓜葛 B.一个硬币的两面，不可分割 C.同一个概念 D.包含关系 1.35.审美活动相对于审美主体和审美客体，在逻辑上是(C) A.同时的 B.在后的 C.在前的 D.无所谓先后 1.36.下列审美形态属于中国的是(D) A.崇高 B.荒诞 C.喜剧 D.气韵 1.37.审美经验是一种(A) A.感性体验 B.感官体验 C.认识 D.感官快感 1.38.艺术活动的全过程不包括(D) A.艺术创造 B.艺术作品 C.艺术接受 D.艺术欣赏 1.39.通过有意识的审美活动，增强人的审美能力。这是(B) A.广义的美育 B.狭义的美育 C.美育 D.以上都不是 1.40.不论广义的美育，还是狭义的美育，都是通过——才能实现。(D) A.人生境界 B.实践 C.生存实践 D.审美活动 1.41.美学中贯穿始终的理论基石是(A) A.审美活动 B.审美理想 C.审美意象 D.审美心理篇二 2.1.人的自由自觉的生命活动不同于动物本能的生命活动的一种本质特征是(A)A.审美需要 B.抽象思维 C.审美理想 D.认识能力 2.2.在主体的审美心理结构中必然处于位置的是(D) A.审美需要 B.审美经验 C.审美趣味 D.审美理想 2.3.先天因素能否发挥作用以及发挥的程度，在何种程度上影响到主体的审美个性和审美情趣，根本上是由——决定的。(B) A.主体的个体特征 B.后天的社会因素 C.审美对象的客观特征 D.人的生理素质 2.4.“趣味无可争辩”观点的错误在于把(A) A.审美趣味相对化 B.审美趣味绝对化 C.审美趣味个性化 D.审美趣味主观化 2.5.审美活动是人与世界构成的(D) A.信仰关系 B.认识关系 C.审美关系 D.本己性精神交流 2.6.以下不属于审美活动的基本性质的是(D) A.自律性 B.个性化 C.开放性 D.形式符号性 2.7.马克思说过：“作家绝不把自己的作品看作手段，作品就是目的本身”，这说明审美活动具有——的特性。(A) A.自律性 B.超越性 C.自我性 D.开放性 2.8.美感产生于(A) A.劳动实践把主体力量对象化的过程 B.动物向人的自然进化过程 C.人的本能的升华过程 D.人的自我表现的过程 2.9.以下不属于主体在审美活动中的精神存在特征的是(B) A.惊异 B.领悟 C.体验 D.澄明 2.10.澄明之境的进入，需要审美主体的——才能自动展现出来。(B) A.审美距离 B.静观体验 C.陌生化 D.热情投入 2.11.所谓“胸有成竹”，说明审美对象具有——的特征。(D) A.虚无性 B.具体性 C.不可捉摸性 D.非实体性 2.12.提出“状难写之景，含不尽之意”的是(C) A.欧阳修 B.苏轼 C.梅尧臣 D.柳宗元 2.13.康德在《判断力批判》一书中，提到过的概念是(C) A.自由创造 B.交感巫术 C.自由游戏 D.劳动先于艺术 2.14.认为美是本能冲动的升华的美学家是(B) A.加达默尔 B.弗洛伊德 C.柏格森 D.贝尔 2.15.对原始巫术活动作了极为详尽而细致的研究的学者是(B) A.泰勒 B.弗雷泽 C.卡o毕歇尔 D.普列汉诺夫 2.16.在解释一部分原始艺术现象，尤其是在解释原始洞穴壁画和岩画上有可信说服力的是(D) A.表现说 B.劳动说 C.本能说 D.巫术说 2.17.普列汉诺夫提出的理论是(B) A.有意味的形式 B.劳动先于艺术 C.自由游戏 D.巫术礼仪活动 2.18.审美发生的基本前提是(C) A.异性的吸引 B.游戏的冲动 C.工具的制造和使用 D.祭祀的崇拜 2.19.人类审美意识得以产生的根本原因是(A) A.人类的生产劳动 B.人类自觉的精神活动 C.人类社会分工 D.人类独具的运用语言的能力 2.20.促进审美发生的最重要的一种中介因素是(D) A.语言艺术 B.家庭生活 C.劳动工具 D.巫术礼仪活动 2.21.人的审美需要开始生成和审美意识开始确立的直接前提是(B) A.人类开始运用语言 B.人的自我意识的觉醒和发展 C.人类具有思维能力 D.人类学会了使用劳动工具 2.22.原始艺术的主要样式之一绘画，多以早期人类的——为主题。(B) A.婚姻恋爱 B.狩猎生活 C.巫术仪式 D.耕种篇三 3.1.对审美体验的理性反思和逻辑总结构成了(A)A.审美形态 B.审美范畴 C.审美活动 D.审美经验 3.2.认为审美形态是美的形态的逻辑出发点是(C) A.认为美是主观的 B.认为美中有人的体验 C.认为美是客观的，完全外在于人 D.认为美在实践中形成 3.3.认为审美形态是审美风格的观点，是将审美看成一种文化大风格，这种观点是(C) A.完全正确的 B.抓住了审美形态的最主要的特征 C.抓住了审美形态的某些重要特征，但不全面 D.完全错误的 3.4.认为审美形态是审美类型的观点(A) A.是从形式上划分审美形态 B.顾及到了审美形态的真实内涵 C.是美的类型说 D.是审美类型说 3.5.认为审美形态是审美范畴的观点(D) A.是美的范畴说 B.是审美范畴说 C.很全面 D.犯了主客二分和现成论的错误 3.6.将审美形态与人生境界等同的观点(B) A.是正确的 B.随着对人生境界研究的重视而出现 C.人生境界具有审美形态的表形特征 D.在古希腊时就如此 3.7.“虚实”不仅在文学意境中使用，还可以在其他艺术，如绘画、音乐甚至现实生活的兵法中使用，这说明了审美形态具有(B) A.统摄性 B.广泛性或普适性 C.历史性 D.现实性 3.8.“意象”不能称为普泛意义上的审美形态，这种说法(B) A.是正确的，意象与审美形态毫无关系 B.是正确的，意象不具有普适性或广泛性 C.是错误的，意象就是普泛意义上的审美形态 D.是错误的，意象具有广泛性 3.9.中国哲学之“道”包含的对立统一的原则，贯穿于阳刚与阴柔，意与境等，说明审美形态具有(A) A.统摄性 B.广泛性或普适性 C.历史性 D.现实性 3.10.中国古代的“神”及其有关的神韵等。在当今社会仍有强大的生命力，这是审美形态的(C) A.统摄性 B.广泛性或普适性 C.历史性 D.现实性 3.11.将丑和荒诞作为审美形态是在(D) A.古希腊 B.文艺复兴 C.中世纪 D.19世纪中叶后 3.12.中国古代的诗学背后往往有哲学思想的制约性，这是审美形态的(B) A.历史性 B.贯通性 C.兼容性 D.二重性 3.13.审美形态是多种多样的审美因素构成的有机体的感性凝聚，这是审美形态的(C) A.历史性 B.贯通性 C.兼容性 D.二重性 3.14.审美形态的二重性主要指(C) A.社会性和个性的统一 B.悲剧性和喜剧性的统一 C.世界性和民族性的统一 D.现实性和理想性的统一 3.15.中国早期的审美形态实质是(A) A.诗性和音乐性的 B.戏剧性和雕塑性的 C.抒情性和叙事性的 D.绘画性和音乐性的 3.16.西方早期审美形态的实质是(B) A.诗性和音乐性的 B.戏剧性和雕塑性的 C.抒情性和叙事性的 D.绘画性和音乐性的 3.17.在《普通语言学教程》中提出语言符号的意义分为能指和所指的是(B) A.席勒 B.索绪尔 C.鲁迅 D.*金 3.18.汉语高度重视词汇，而不像西方重视语法，所以它表现出一种(D) A.哲学性 B.逻辑性 C.清晰性 D.诗性 3.19.和西方的审美文化不同，中国的审美文化具有的特征是(A) A.世俗化 B.形而上性 C.宗教化 D.酒神精神与日神精神 3.20.理念论的*学内容，是道德至上的原则，具体到美学中，就表现为(C) A.真与善合一 B.真与美合一 C.美与善合一 D.以上都不是篇四 3.21.在理性主义受到人们的普遍怀疑时，讲出“上帝死了”的人是(B)A.叔本华 B.尼采 C.罗兰巴特 D.德里达 3.22.审美形态的出现与哲学息息相关，丑和荒诞出现的哲学背景是(C) A.人文主义盛行 B.理性主义兴起 C.非理性主义兴起 D.古典主义盛行 3.23.中国哲学几千年基本上没变，下面的哪句话可以说明?(D) A.变则通 B.物化 C.逝者如斯夫，不舍昼夜 D.天不变道亦不变 3.24.许多审美形态都是最初表现为(C) A.自然形态 B.社会形态 C.艺术形态 D.人生形态 3.25.在审美实践活动中，最基本的两种审美形态是(A) A.优美和崇高 B.悲剧和喜剧 C.丑和荒诞 D.优美和丑 3.26.明确将美分为秀美和威严两类，并说前者可以看作女性美，后者可以看作男性美的是(C) A.柏拉图 B.亚里士多德 C.西塞罗 D.本雅明 3.27.在狭义上，美主要指(C) A.崇高美 B.悲剧美 C.优美 D.喜剧美 3.28.认为美不含功利性，至于审美主体的自由创造的“心意能力”相关的是(A) A.康德 B.歌德 C.雅斯贝斯 D.席勒 3.29.认为美是理念的感性显现的是(C) A.康德 B.席勒 C.黑格尔 D.托尔斯泰 3.30.下列对优美的理论探讨的叙述，不符合实际的是(B) A.古希腊时期，把优美与美划等号 B.毕达哥拉斯学派认为图形中最美的是三角形 C.亚里士多德认为美的形式是秩序、匀称和确定性 D.英国画家荷迦兹认为蛇形线是最美的线条 3.31.康德说优美“直接在自身携带着一种促进生命的感觉”，说明其论述着手的角度是(C) A.对象的物性特性 B.对象的形式特征 C.审美效应 D.生理效应 3.32.真正把崇高作为一个审美范畴来进行研究的是(B) A.朗吉弩斯 B.博克 C.索绪尔 D.歌德 3.33.康德分析崇高，认为其特征是“无形式”的着作是(A) A.《判断力批判》 B.《美学》 C.《论崇高》 D.《谈美书简》 3.34.西方美学，最早涉及崇高内容的是(C) A.朗吉弩斯 B.博克 C.毕达哥拉斯 D.歌德 3.35.朗吉弩斯将崇高和优美作为两种可以对举的美来论述的着作是(C) A.《拉奥孔》 B.《美学》 C.《论崇高》 D.《论崇高与美》 3.36.真正把崇高作为审美形态来看待的是(D) A.博克 B.席勒 C.黑格尔 D.康德 3.37.康德认为，崇高的事物往往是巨大的，巨大表现在(C) A.数学的崇高 B.力学的崇高 C.数学的崇高和力学的崇高 D.艺术的崇高 3.38.利奥塔德美学的基本特点是其将整个美学体系建立在(B) A.悲剧上 B.崇高上 C.荒诞上 D.丑上 3.39.恩格斯认为悲剧性冲突的实质是(D) A.一除悯和恐惧 B.对立理想的冲突 C.永恒正义的和解 D.历史必然性要求与这个要求实际上不可能实现 3.40.悲剧成为一种审美形态的最根本原因是(D) A.表现冲突和毁灭 B.表现巨大的哀伤 C.具有崇高性 D.表现毁灭，也表现抗争
教务老师，听见很多自考的同学在问自考英语本科有几门(自考英语本科先考哪门好一点)相关问题，那么今天教务老师来告诉同学们这些问题的解答！自考本科英语专业要考几门？分别是那几门，英语专业是不是考过率蛮低的？自考本科英语必考课程13门，共65学分；选考课程3门，共19学分；加考课程6门，共35学分；自考本科考试科目：高级英语高级英语(二)英语语言学英语词汇学英语高级听力英美报刊选读英国文学选读美国文学选读英语论文写作中学英语教学法外语教学心理学第二外语(日语)第二外语(法语)英语基础英语(一)基础英语(二)基础英语(三)英语阅读对于好好学习天天向上的自考生来说通过率就是比较高的。希望能对您有所帮助自考本科英语专业考哪几科啊？中国近现代史纲要、马克思主义基本原理概论、英语翻译、高级英语、口译与听力(实践)、英语写作、英美文学选读、现代语言学、英语经贸知识、旅游英语选读、第二外语(俄语)、第二外语(日语)、毕业论文。自考本科英语的开考科目因所在省份及主考院校的不同也有所不同。希望回答能够帮助你你也可以追问广州自考英语本科有哪些科目以上就是全国地区自考教材服务网分享关于自考英语本科有几门(自考英语本科先考哪门好一点)的全部内容，更多自考教材和自考历年真题及答案，自考视频网课，自考教材购买首页搜索科目代码即可，也可以咨询在线客服！自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
全部题目用英文作答，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 PART ONE (40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice and write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. All of Charles Dickens’ works, with the exception of _________, present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.A. Bleak House B. Hard TimesC. Great ExpectationsD. A Tale of Two Cities2. From ____________ on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy’s novels, the conflict between the traditional and the moden is brought to the center of the stage.A. The Return of the NativeB. The Mayor of CasterbridgeC. Tess of the D’UrbervillesD. Jude the Obscure3. George Bernard Shaw’s play ____________ shows his almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of World War I and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Getting Married B. Too True to Be GoodC. Widowers’ HousesD. The Apple Cart4. It was only after the publication of ____________ that D.H. Lawrence was recognized as aprominent novelist.A. The Trespasser B. The White PeacockC. Sons and Lovers D. The Rainbow5. T. S. Eliot’s poem ____________ is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream- of -consciousness technique, also a prelude to The Waste Land.A. “Prufrock” B. “Gerontion”C. The Hollow Men D. Lyrical Ballads6. Charlotte Brontё’s ____________ is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions.A. The Professor B. Wuthering HeightsC. Villette D. Jane Eyre7. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four - act poetic drama ____________ , which is an ex- ultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A. Adonais B. Queen MabC. Prometheus Unbound D. Kubla Khan8. Among the Romantic poets ____________ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William Blake B. William WordsworthC. George Gordon Byron D. John Keats9. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is John Milton’s ____________.A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica10. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is____________.A. love and money B. money and social statusC. social status and marriage D. love and marriage11. T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem ____________ has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry.A. The Hollow Men B. The Waste LandC. Murder in the CathedralD. Ash Wednesday12. According to the subjects, William Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups, poems about____________.A. nature and human life B. happiness and childhoodC. symbolism and imagination D. nature and commonlife13. Among the following writers ____________ is considered to be the best -known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar Wilde B. John GalsworthyC. W. B. Yeats D. George Bernard Shaw14. William Blake’s ____________ composed during the climax of the French Revolution playsthe double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.A. The Book of Urizen B. The Book of LosC. Poetical Sketches D. Marriage of Heaven and Hell15. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of ____________ and pathos.A. metaphor B. passionC. satire D. humor16. Daniel Defoe describes ____________ as a typical English middle -class man of the eigh- teenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.A. Robinson Crusoe B. Moll FlandersC. Gulliver D. Tom Jones17. In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ____________ touch in his de- scription of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. nostalgic B. tragicC. romantic D. ironic18. Of all the eighteenth - century novelists ____________ was the first to set out, both in the-ory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
英美文学基础知识：1、《英国文学选读》王守仁主编，高等教育出版社;2、《美国文学选读》陶洁主编，高等教育出版社;3、A History of English Literature，陈嘉著，商务印书馆出版;4、《美国文学简史》常耀信著，南开大学出版社;5、或其他高校使用的英美文学史及选读教材语言学：1、《语言学教程》胡壮麟等主编，北京大学出版社;2、《语言学概论》杨信彰主编,高等教育出版社;3、《英语词汇学教程》杨信彰编，高等教育出版社;4、或其他高校英语专业使用的语言学教材阅读理解：1、高校英语专业高年级通用教材英汉、汉英翻译：1、《英汉翻译教程》杨士焯著，北京大学出版社;2、《英译汉教程》连淑能编著，高等教育出版社;3、《笔译理论与技巧》何刚强编著，外语教学与研究出版社英语写作：1、《英语写作手册》丁往道等主编，外语教学与研究出版社;2、或其他高校英语专业写作教材法语：1、《法语》(1、2、3、4册)，马晓宏主编，外语教学与研究出版社;2、或《新大学法语》(1、2、3、4册)，李志清总主编，高等教育出版社四、我自己采用的书目。英美文学基础知识：1、《英国文学简史》常耀信著，南开大学出版社;2、《美国文学简史》常耀信著，南开大学出版社;3、《英国文学选读》王守仁主编，高等教育出版社;4、《美国文学选读》陶洁主编，高等教育出版社;5、《美国文学简史学习指南》赵红英著，中国传媒大学出版社;6、《英国文学简史学习指南》赵红英著，中国传媒大学出版社;7、《20世纪英美诗歌导读》张礼龙著，厦门大学出版社语言学：1、《语言学教程》胡壮麟等主编，北京大学出版社;2、《语言学概论》杨信彰主编,高等教育出版社;阅读理解：1、《GRE全真阅读详解》樊一昕，苑青主编，世界图书出版社;2、考研英语阅读真题3、GMAT_GRE_LSAT_READING英汉、汉英翻译：1、《英译中国现代散文选》张培基著，上海外语教育出版社;2、《英汉名篇名译》谢少华等著，译林出版社;3、政府工作报告写作：1、《GRE写作5.5》李建林，外语教学与研究出版社法语：1、《法语》(1、2、3、4册)马晓宏主编，外语教学与研究出版社;2、《法语》教学辅导参考书马晓宏主编，外语教学与研究出版社;3、《新大学法语》(1、2册)李志清主编，高等教育出版社;3、《实用法语语法》张晶主编，中国宇航出版社;4、《大学法语考研必备》郭以澄等编，世界图书出版公司;5、《法语动词变位实用手册》陈伯祥主编，外文出版社;6、《法语词汇练习800》徐素娟、张卓立，东华大学出版社;7、《法语语法练习800》陈建伟、卢梦雅，东华大学出版社3政治：1、《风中劲草》杨杰，学林出版社2、《肖秀荣2014考研政治命题人终极预测4套卷》，北京航天航空出版社3、《肖秀荣2014考研政治命题人形势与政策以及当代世界经济与政治》，北京航天航空大学出版社参考资料（思睿厦大考研）：《2015厦门大学708写作与英汉互译考研冲刺宝典》《2015厦大708写作与英汉互译考研模拟五套卷与答案解析》《厦门大学708写作与英汉互译2007-2014考研真题及答案解析》(含考试分析)
我刚刚看了一下 就有一小半的题会不好意思啊。。
全国2008年10月高等教育自学考试外国文学史试题课程代码：00540一、单项选择题（本大题共24小题，每小题1分，共24分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1.古希腊神话中，爱神的名字是（C ）P15A.雅典娜 B.维纳斯C.阿弗洛狄忒 D.阿耳忒弥斯2.《伊利昂纪》的主题是（A ）P18A.战争 B.和平C.自由 D.平等3.莎士比亚悲剧中的麦克白杀死国王，目的是（ C ）P63A.报杀父之仇 B.伸张正义C.满足权欲和野心 D.雪夺妻之恨4.但丁将《新生》献给了他钟爱的少女，这个少女是（ A ）P41A.贝亚特丽齐 B.绿蒂C.劳拉 D.玛加蕾特5.“大学才子派”指的是（ A ）P53A.英国文艺复兴时期的一批戏剧家 B.法国贵族派人文主义团体C.德国浪漫主义文学团体 D.意大利中世纪后期诗歌流派6.17世纪法国古典主义的哲学基础是（ B）P72A.人文主义 B.唯理主义C.现实主义 D.民族主义7.弥尔顿在长诗《复乐园》中叙述的主要故事是（ D ）P70A.亚当、夏娃被撒旦诱惑 B.耶稣被撒旦诱惑C.亚当、夏娃不为撒旦所诱惑 D.耶稣不为撒旦所诱惑8.18世纪法国哲理小说的开创性作品是（ C ）A.《爱弥儿》教育小说 B.《忏悔录》自传体小说C.《新爱洛绮丝》书信小说 D.《波斯人信札》9.海涅全面抨击德国浪漫派的著作是（ B ）P101A.《儿童的奇异号角》 B.《论浪漫派》C.《西里西亚纺织工人》 D.《德国—一个冬天的童话》10.霍桑创作的被称为“心理罗曼史”的小说是（ B ）P108A.《古屋青苔》 B.《红字》C.《福谷传奇》 D.《玉石雕像》11.陀思妥耶夫斯基在《卡拉马佐夫兄弟》中通过一个人性善的代表人物为人类指出了上帝安排的道路，这个人物是（ D ）p168A.德米特里 B.伊凡C.斯麦尔佳科夫 D.阿辽沙12.马克•吐温在《哈克贝利•费恩历险记》中塑造了一个追求自由的黑奴形象，他的名字是（ B ）P201-202A.汤姆 B.吉姆C.哈克 D.山姆13.左拉最著名的描写劳资矛盾的小说是（ D ）P179A.《金钱》 B.《娜娜》C.《小酒店》 D.《萌芽》14.唯美主义悲剧《莎乐美》的作者是（ C ）A.戈蒂耶 B.佩特C.王尔德 D.兰波15.被称为“美国的莫泊桑”的著名作家是（ D ）P216A.伯尔 B.杰克•伦敦C.厄普顿•辛克莱 D.欧•亨利16.把中国古典文学名著《水浒传》翻译为英语的美国作家是（ C ）P218A.福克纳 B.塞林格C.赛珍珠 D.伍尔夫17.在世界文学史上开辟了无产阶级文学新纪元的作品是（ C ）P224A.《海燕》 B.《我的大学》C.《母亲》 D.《鹰之歌》18.有“欧洲的良心”之称的作家是（ B ）P231-233A.亨利希•曼 B.罗曼•罗兰C.高尔基 D.托尔斯泰19.以“一个家族的没落”为副标题，直接点出“崩溃”主题的作品是（ B ）P214A.《福尔赛世家》 B.《布登勃洛克一家》C.《美国的悲剧》 D.《约瑟夫和他的兄弟们》20.《辛伯达航海旅行的故事》所属的故事集是（ B ）P337A.《十日谈》 B.《一千零一夜》C.《坎特伯雷故事集》 D.《惩恶扬善故事集》21.下列四部希伯来经典中最重要的一部是（ A ）P315A.《圣经》 B.《次经》C.《伪经》 D.《死海古卷》22.波斯文学史上被称为“诗歌之父”的是（ B ）p325A.菲尔多西 B.鲁达基C.萨迪 D.哈菲兹23.日本近代著名作家夏目漱石的代表作是（ A ）P352A.《我是猫》 B.《门》C.《三四郎》 D.《其后》24.获诺贝尔文学奖的埃及当代作家是（ D ）P393A.索因卡 B.泰戈尔C.戈迪默 D.马哈福兹
哈哈,我考过.一开始头痛,现在是喜欢.和上外的一位学生聊过这本教科书,他觉得最大的收获是里面修饰作者文采的形容词很有使用性.我的外教老师说这本书的难度是属于"TOP"了.所以,如果真的想把英语学好,看熟这本书是绝对有意义的! 书里的节选文章中,英国文艺复兴的几篇诗歌有点难,因为有很多的古英语单词,现在很多已经不用了,都成了废词,但还是要求能看懂大致意思的,但好在量不大(和现代英语生词比起来),所以要坚持看完哦.我有一些学习方法,是专门对付考试的,但如果是抱着提高自身的文学修养去看这本书,我建议最好花上整整一年的时间去好好琢磨一下精选文章以及书中的精彩点评,而不是很功利去背诵: 1.英美文学中有48位作者和他们将近100篇选读,你要把这48位作者和这些选读作品,一一对号,识记一下,这是最基本的 2.概括作者的写作手法和写作风格,你可以先独立地去认识每一位作家的特点,但不要忘记要总结,哪些作家的风格相似,但区别又在哪里?(历年考卷中都出现过这种题型,而且分值都很大) 3.每一位作者的代表作品的主题,主人公的名字. 4.每一段选读前都有一段小字是简述故事或总结概要的,要熟记(去年的考试里就有考过) 5.选读文章的最后都或多或少有一些文字的注释,最好熟悉一下,因为往年的考题中也有涉及. 6.不要去做所谓的模拟考卷,根本就没有用!因为考试根本就不会出模拟里题.
Chapter II The Neoclassical Period 一。新古典主义时期概述 1. 识记：（1）新古典主义时期的界定 （2）政治经济背景 （3）启蒙运动的意义与影响 2. 领会：（1）启蒙运动的主张与文学的特点 （2）新古典主义时期文学的艺术特点 3. 应用：启蒙运动，新古典主义，英雄双行诗，英国现实主义小说等名词的解释 1. 识记Definitions of literary terms 1） The Enlightenment Movement The 18th-century England is known as the Age of Enlightenment or the Age of Reason. The Enlightenment Movement was a progressive intellectual movement which flourished in France & swept through the whole Western Europe at the time. The movement was a furtherance of the Renaissance of the 15th & 16th centuries. Its purpose was to enlighten the whole world with the light of modem philosophical & artistic ideas. The enlighteners celebrated reason or rationality， equality & science. They called for a reference to order， reason & rules & advocated universal education. Famous among the great enlighteners in England were those great writers like John Dryden， Alexander pope & so on. 2） Neoclassicism In the field of literature， the Enlightenment Movement brought about a revival of interest in the old classical works. This tendency is known as neoclassicism. According to the neoclassicists， all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers （Homer， Virgil， & so on）& those of the contemporary French ones. They believed that the artistic ideals should be order， logic， restrained emotion & accuracy， & that literature should be judged in terms of its service to humanity. This belief led them to seek proportion， unity， harmony & grace in literary expressions， in an effort to delight， instruct & correct human beings， primarily as social animals. Thus， a polite， urbane， witty， & intellectual art developed. 3） The heroic couplet It means a pair of lines of a type once common in English poetry， which rhyme & are written with five beats each…… 4） the Realistic Novel The mid-century was， however， predominated by a newly rising literary form， the modern English novel， which， contrary to the traditional romance of aristocrats， gives a realistic presentation of life of the common English people. This-the most significant phenomenon in the history of the development of English literature in the eighteenth century - is a natural product of the Industrial Revolution & a symbol of the growing importance & strength of the English of the growing importance & strength of the English middle class， Among the pioneers were Daniel Defoe ，Samuel Richardson， Henry Fielding， Laurence Sterne， Tobias Creorge Smollott， & Oliver Goldsmith. 2. 领会Characteristics of Neoclassical Literature According to the neoclassicists， all forms of literature were to be modeled after the classical works of the ancient Greek & Roman writers （Homer， Virgil， Horace， Ovid， etc，）& those of the contemporary French ones. Neoclassicists had some fixed laws &rules for almost every genre of literature， prose should be precise， direct， smooth & flexible. Poetry should be lyrical， epical， didactic， satiric or dramatic， & each class should be guided by its own principles. Drama should be written in the Heroic Couplets （iambic pentameter rhymed in two lines）； the three unities of time， space & action should be strictly observed； regularity in construction should be adhered to & type characters rather than individuals should be represented. 二。该时期的重要作家 1，一般识记：重要作家的创作生涯 2，识记：重要作品及主要内容 3，领会：重要作家的创作思想，艺术特色其代表作的主题结构，人物刻画，语言风格，艺术特色，社会意义等。 4，应用：（1）《天路历程》中“名利场”的寓义。 （2）蒲伯的文学（诗歌）批评观及其诗歌特色。 （3）《格列佛游记》的社会讽刺。 （4）菲尔丁的“散文体史诗”。 （5）格雷诗歌的主题与意象。 I. John Bunyan 1. 一般识记His life English author & preacher， born in Elstow， England， probably Nov.28， 1628，and died in London， England， Aug， 31， 1688. 2. 识记His major works John Bunyan’s The Pilgrim’s Progress （1678） is the outstanding 17th-century English religious literature. For more than 200 years this book was second in popularity only to the Bible. Bunyan did not attempt to portray the political confusion & social upheaval of 17th-century England. His concern was rather the study of man’s spiritual life. Bunyan chiefly wrote four prose works - Grace Abounding to the Chief of Sinners （1666）， The Life & Death of Mr. Badman （1680）， The Holy War （1682） & The Pilgrim’s Progress， part II （1684）。 3. 领会Characteristics of his works Bunyan’s style was modeled after that of the English Bible. With his concrete &living language & carefully observed & vividly presented details， he made it possible for the reader of the least education to share the pleasure of reading his novel & to relive the experience of his characters. 4. 应用Selected Reading "The Vanity Fair"， an excerpt from Part I of The Pilgrim’s Progress. （1） Theme： The Pilgrim’s Progress is the most successful religious allegory in the English language. Its purpose is to urge people to comply with Christian doctrines & seek salvation through constant struggles with their own weakness & all kinds of social evils. It is not only about something spiritual but also beats much relevance to the time. Its predominant metaphor-life as a journey-is simple & familiar. （2） "Vanity Fair" is the most famous part of The Pilgrim’s Progress. It tells how Christian & his friend Faithful come to Vanity Fair on their way to heaven，" a fair where in should be sold all sorts of vanity & that it should last all the year long： therefore at this fair all such merchandise sold， as houses， lands， trades， places， honors， preferments， titles， countries， kingdoms， lusts， pleasures & delights of all sorts as harlots， wives， husbands， children， masters， servants， lives， blood， bodies， souls， silver， gold， pearls， precious stones & what not." As they refuse to buy anything but truth， they are beaten & put in a cage & then taken out & led in chains up & down the fair. They are sentenced to death-to be put to the most cruel death that can be invented." Vanity Fair" is a satirical picture of English society， law & religion in Bunyan’s day.
Chapter 5The Modern Period Ⅰ。学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解20世纪批判现实主义文学和现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景。认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对现当代英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 英国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释：现代主义 4. 应用：选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格，如 （1）叶芝和艾略特诗歌（所选作品）的主题、意象分析 （2）小说《儿子与情人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析 （3）意识流小说的主要特色分析 （4）萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义分析 Ⅲ。考核知识点和考核要求 （一）现代时期概述 1.识记： A. 20世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景 B.英国20世纪批判现实主义文学 C.现代主义文学的兴起与衰落 2.领会： A. 现代主义文学创作的基本主张 B.英国现代主义文学思潮 （1）诗歌 （2）小说 （3）戏剧 3.应用： A.名词解释：现代主义 B.英国现代主义文学的特点 C.现代主义文学对当代文学的影响 （二）现代时期的主要作家 A.萧伯纳 1.一般：萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯。 2.识记： A.萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张 B.萧伯纳的戏剧创作 （1）早期主要作品：《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》 （2）中期作品：《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》 （3）晚期作品：《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》 3.领会： A.萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义 B.萧伯纳的戏剧对20世纪英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等 B.约翰。高尔斯华绥 1.一般识记：高尔斯华绥的生平与文学生涯 2.识记：高尔斯华绥的文学创作 （1）戏剧：《银盒》、《正义》、《斗争》 （2）小说：《福赛特世家》（《有产业的人》、《骑虎》、《出租》）、《现代喜剧》 3.领会： A.高尔斯华绥的创作思想 B.高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说的主要特点及社会意义 4.应用： 选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格。语言特点、叙述手法等 C、威廉。勃特勒。叶芝 1.一般：叶芝的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：叶芝诗歌的代表作品 （1）早期诗歌：《茵尼斯弗利岛》、《梦见仙境的人》、《玫瑰》 （2）中期诗歌：《新的纪元》、《1916年的复活节》 （3）晚期诗歌：《驶向拜占廷》、《丽达及天鹅》、《在学童们中间》 3.领会： A.叶芝的诗歌创作思想 B.叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义 C.叶芝诗歌的艺术成就 D.叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响 E.叶芝的戏剧创作 4.应用：选读：、所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等 D、T.S.艾略特 1.一般识记：艾略特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：艾略特的主要诗歌作品 （1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 （2）《荒原》 （3）《灰星期三》 （4）《四个四重奏》 3.领会： A.艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观 B.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义 C.艾略特的戏剧 D. 文略特的艺术成就 E.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义 B.选读：所选作品的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 E.戴维。赫伯特。劳伦斯 1.一般识记：劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：劳伦斯的主要小说 （1）《儿子与情人》 （2）《虹》 （3）《恋爱中的女人》 3.领会： A. 劳伦斯的创作思想 B. 劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义 . C. 劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等 F.詹姆斯。乔伊斯 1.一般识记：乔伊斯的生平与创作生涯 2.识记：乔伊斯的主要作品简介 （1）《都柏林人》 （2）《青年艺术家的肖像》 （3）《尤利西斯》 3.领会： A. 乔伊斯的文学创作主张与美学思想 B. 乔伊斯小说的主要艺术特色及思想意义 C.乔伊斯的艺术成就 D.乔伊斯的作品对现当代世界文学的影响 4.应用： A. 意识流小说的主要特色分析 B. 选读：所选作品的主题思想、人物塑造、语言特色、艺术手法等 Chapter 5 The Modern Period 一。识记： 1. The social， ideological background of the modern English literature： （1） The influences of the two World Wars on English literature： Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The First World War and the Second World War had greatly influenced the English literature. The catastrophic First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. Its appalling shock severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values； The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people， who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war： thousands of people were killed； the economy was ruined； and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic， cultural， and belief crisises. （2） Ideologically， the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. （a） In the mid-19th century， Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put forward the theory of scientific socialism， which not only provided a guiding principle for the working people， but also inspired them to make dauntless fights for their own emancipation. （b） Darwin's theory of evolution exerted a strong influence upon the people， causing many to lose their religious faith. The social Darwinism， under the cover of "survival of the fittest，" vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. （c） Einstein's theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space. （d） Freud's analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. （e） Arthur Schopenhauer， a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism， stressing the importance of will and intuition. （f） Having inherited the basic principles from Schopenhauer， Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality. （g） Based on the major ideas of his predecessors， Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy which put the emphasis on creation， intuition， irrationality and unconsciousness. All these irrationalist philosophers exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain. So， after the First World War， all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared： symbolism， expressionism， surrealism， cubism， futurism， Dadaism， imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s， these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement， which swept across the whole Europe and America. After the Second World War， a variety of modernism， or post-modernism， like existentialist literature， theater of the absurd， new novels and black humor， rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that "the world was absurd， and the human life was an agony." 2. The development of English poetry in the 20th century： The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. In the early years of this century， Thomas Hardy and the war poets of the younger generation were important realistic poets. Hardy expressed his strong sympathies for the suffering poor and his bitter disgusts at the social evils in his poetry as in his novels. The soldiers-poets of World War I revealed the appalling brutality of the war in a most realistic way. The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats's matured poetry marked the rise of "modern poetry，" which was， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. The 1930s witnessed great economic depressions， mass unemployment， and the rise of the Nazis. Facing such a severe situation， most of the young intellects started to turn to the left. And therefore the period was known as "the red thirties." A group of young poets during this period expressed in their poetry a radical political enthusiasm and a strong protest against fascism. With the coming of the 1950s， there was a return of realistic poetry again. By advocating reason， moral discipline， and traditional forms， a new generation of poets started "The Movement，" which explicitly rejected the modernist influence. There was no significant poetic movement in the 1960s. A multiplicity of choices opened to both the poet and the reader. Poets gradually moved into more individual styles. 3. Realism in the 20th century English literature： The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian tradition， yet its exposing and criticizing power against capitalist evils had been somewhat weakened both in width and depth. The outstanding realistic novelists of this period were John Galsworthy， H. G. Wells， and Arnold Eennett. The three trilogies of Galsworthy's Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century， which revealed the corrupted capitalist world. In his novels of social satire， H. G. Wells made realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the "Little Man；" whereas Bennett presented a vivid picture of the English life in the industrial Midlands in his best novels. Realism was， to a certain extent， eclipsed by the rapid rise of modernism in the 1920s. But with the strong swing of leftism in the 1930s， novelists began to turn their attention to the urgent social problems. They also enriched the traditional ways of creation by adopting some of the modernist techniques. However， the realistic novels of this period were more or less touched by a pessimistic mood， preoccupied with the theme of man's loneliness， and shaped in different forms： social satires by Aldous Huxley and George Orwell comic satires on the English upper class by Evelyn Waugh； and Catholic novels by Graham Greene. Another important group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background in the mid-1950s and early 1960s known as "The Angry Young Man." They demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. Kingsley Amis， John Wain， John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. They portrayed unadorned working-class life in their novels with great freshness and vigor of the working-class language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim （1954）。 The term "The Angry Young Man" came to be widely Having been merged and interpenetrated with modernism in the past several decades， the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s appeared in a new face with a richer， more vigorous and more diversified style. 二。领会： 1.Modern English poetry： It is， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. 2. Modern English novels： The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation， the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind， that one's present was the sum of his past， present and future， and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique， isolated， and private world of each individual， writers like Dorothy Richardson， James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson， Ulysses （1922） by Joyce， and Mrs. Dalloway （1925） by Woolf. One of the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing， which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century. James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist； in Ulysses， his encyclopedia-like masterpiece， Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed， illogical， illusory， and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom， who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence， old traditions are still there， but their subject matter about human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern. Forster's masterpiece， A Passage to India （1924）， is a novel of decidedly symbolist aspirations， in which the author set up， within a realistic story， a fable of moral significance that implies a highly mystical， symbolic view of life， death， human relationship， and the relationship of man with the infinite universe. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing； but unlike Joyce， he was not concerned with technical innovations； his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He believed that life impulse was the primacy of man's instinct， and that any conscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the individual's personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow （1915） and Women in Love （1920）， Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships， especially those between men and women， with a great frankness Lawrence claimed that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the desires for power and money， by the shams and frauds of middle-class life， and， above all， by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization， which turned men into inhuman machines. After the Second World War， modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism which was reflected mainly in drama. 3. The development of 20th century English drama： The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw， who， in a sense， pioneered the modern drama， though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. Wilde expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption， their snobbery， and their hypocrisy in his plays， especially in his masterpiece， The Importance-of Being Earnest （1895）。 Shaw is is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare whose works are examples of the plays inspired by social criticism. John Galsworthy carried on this tradition of social criticism in his plays. By dramatizing social and ethical problems， Galsworthy made considerable achievements in his plays such as The Silver Box （1906） and Strife （1910）， in which Galsworthy presents not only realistic pictures of social injustice， but also the workers' heroic struggles against their employers. W. B. Yeats， a prominent poet of the 20th century， was the leader of the Irish National Theater Movement. He was a verse playwright who desired to restore lyrical drama to popularity. With the heroic portrayal of spiritual truth as his main concern， Yeats wrote a number of verse plays， introducing Irish myths and folk legends； but the plot in his plays was seldom very dramatic. The 1930s witnessed a revival of poetic drama in England. One of the early experimenters was T. S. Eliot who regarded drama as the best medium of poetry. Eliot wrote several verse plays and made a considerable success. Murder in the Cathedral （1935）， with its purely dramatic power， remains the most popular of his verse plays， in spite of its primarily religious purpose. After Eliot， Christopher Fry gained considerable successes in poetic drama. His exuberant though poetically commonplace verse drama. The Lady's Not For Burning （1948）， attracted delighted audience. The English dramatic revolution， which came in the 1950s under various European and American influences， developed in two directions： the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd. The working-class drama was started by a group of young writers from the lower-middle class， or working class， who presented a new type of plays which expressed a mood of restlessness， anger and frustration， a spirit of rebelliousness， and a strong emotional protest against the existing social institutions. John Osborne's play， Look Back in Anger （1956）， in a fresh， unadorned working-class language， angrily， violently and unrelentingly condemned the contemporary social evils. With an entirely new sense of reality， Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the first "Angry Young Man." The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett， who wrote about human beings living a meaningless life in an alien， decaying world. His first play Waiting for Godot （1955） is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.
《英美文学与选读》（自考）书上写的很清楚