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自考英语本科高级英语笔记

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自考英语本科高级英语笔记

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1.外籍教师说:每天听半小时英语,培养语感(注意,是无意识地听),我们小时候也是这样才学会说话的。你可以在休闲中播,但只可以是半小时!2.抄得多自然熟,知识点抄抄抄。3.设立错题本(非常有效),把错的答案,为什么错,列出来4.要对英语充满兴趣,细细体味英语中的词语表达精妙之处。5.我跟你说!你每天要看以两段文字,如果没有时间,那就考试前一个星期每天看两篇!这样可以保持考试的阅读速度!6.抄的单词本你们要复习啊!7.找一个外国歌手做你的偶像,把他(她)的歌听完全.8.多看中英对照文章,这样对你的翻译语感非常有帮助.kan

自考高级英语怎么复习备考? 一、重视教材,考生一定要在考前过一到两遍教材,熟悉教材里面的文章,也是积累词汇量和句型结构的过程,而这些都是学习英语的基本功,有助于考生英文写作水平的提高。只有扎实基本功,你的英语水平才会有由量到质的飞跃。 二、分析题型和命题方式,考生除了了解教材以外,还要多做真题,清楚考试题型和得分要点,有助于考生分清楚重、难、易点,有的放矢地提高复习效率。 三、注重学习交流,有机会的考生可以向一些通过考试的考生请教学习方法,但是本身英语底子很差,一般想要通过自学在短时间内提高是很有挑战的。建议有条件的考生可以报名参加,它都是与主办高校合作办学的,有专业的老师帮助你提高英语水平,顺利攻下高级英语。 自考高级英语难吗? 有一定英语底子的话还是容易的,底子如果不够建议还是慎重考虑,至少把英语水平提升一下考会比较好。英语专业是建立在已有的高中英语基础上,继续往更高难度学习,如果常用的英语也不扎实,想深入学习极其吃力。自考/成考有疑问、不知道如何总结自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考报名当地政策,点击底部咨询官网,免费领取复习资料:

英语自考本科高级英语笔记

1.外籍教师说:每天听半小时英语,培养语感(注意,是无意识地听),我们小时候也是这样才学会说话的。你可以在休闲中播,但只可以是半小时!2.抄得多自然熟,知识点抄抄抄。3.设立错题本(非常有效),把错的答案,为什么错,列出来4.要对英语充满兴趣,细细体味英语中的词语表达精妙之处。5.我跟你说!你每天要看以两段文字,如果没有时间,那就考试前一个星期每天看两篇!这样可以保持考试的阅读速度!6.抄的单词本你们要复习啊!7.找一个外国歌手做你的偶像,把他(她)的歌听完全.8.多看中英对照文章,这样对你的翻译语感非常有帮助.kan

多看些英语文章

备考英语(二)最大的资本就是课本,考生最少要留一个月时间,把课文从头到尾复习一遍,力求吃透课本知识。3个月复习时间比较紧张,基础不好的考生还要多下功夫。十月份刚考完的考生,如考得不理想,如能充分利用这3个月复习,进步会很大。课本学习重点是A课文,也不能放弃B课文,例如今年10月份考试一道汉译英的题就出自B课文。但如果时间紧,首先要保证A课文的学习,包括A课文后面的练习题都要认真做,因为A课文大约要占到80%的比重。在刚刚结束的10月份英语(二)考试中就特别明显,从书中出题的比例很大,甚至最后一道英译汉也是从课文中选取的。单词背诵要贯穿始终,每天都要坚持背点,多重复,多回头看,多比较,可以采用联想、口诀、拆分等方法来记忆单词,日积月累才会收到良好效果。单词背诵主要以考试大纲为蓝本。可以把单词分为会拼、会用、会认三个层次,考拼写的一般不会太难,基本上中等难度,尤其字母和读音不太对称的喜欢考。词组一般要会用,剩下大部分单词会认就行。当然,每个单词都达到会拼会用就更好了。如果有时间,报个辅导班跟着老师复习可能会更系统些,但要注意选择权威的辅导班。也可购买权威的光盘在家复习。多做真题善积累第二个月复习重点是做题,做题要选择英语(二)历年真题。因为真题的含金量最大,可以通过历年真题了解到考试重点和题型分布。对于以前做过的题目,不妨回头再做,有的题隔一段时间再做,可以加强复习效果。对于像完型填空、阅读理解等和书上内容无关的题型,只有多做练习才能提高成绩。还可以留两套最新的真题到临近考试时测试用。在做题过程中,如果发现不懂的地方,要及时翻书,再把知识点夯实。在做真题的同时,还要选择一些适合的模拟题来做。模拟题一定要找适合自考水平的题,如果选择太难或太易的题,对于英语(二)考试没有太大的作用。通过做题要掌握解题技巧,摸清出题思路,达到熟能生巧。平时还要注意多积累课本以外的知识,这对提高阅读理解解题能力有较大帮助。例如,如果有时间就要多看看与自考难易程度相当的文章。不能选择四、六级、考、托福等考试的阅读来做,难度大会打击信心,可以看些《大学英语》、《英语沙龙》等有英汉对照的刊物来看。还有阅读的题材,在英语(二)中,阅读理解喜欢考教育、社会问题、风俗习惯、科普等题材文章,可以在这些领域多了解点。查漏补缺进状态最后一个月,还要再复习一遍,可根据自己的情况重点复习,例如重点的语法。语法复习在英语学习中占有很重要的地位,但英语语法学习不能死学,一定要把记和练结合起来。有的考生往往把语法术语记得很熟,但是一到做题时就傻眼了。在英语(二)考试中,像虚拟语气,谓语动词、非谓语动词,各种从句等都是重点,如果在做题时觉得哪部分不清楚,都要及时回到课本中再熟悉,拾遗补漏。临考阶段,最好把每一课中最重点的内容再复习一遍,例如可以把书中重点的句子背诵下来。这一时期,可以把留下的两套最新真题拿来测试,看看自己大概的水平。对于薄弱的地方,要利用最后一个月重点突击。按照以往题型,在考试时的做题原则,应该是哪些分值多就要多花时间,如果有主观题要先做主观题,后做客观题。

加QQ:54881039 有题有答案

自考高级英语笔记

教务老师,听见很多自考的同学在问自考高级英语怎么准备(自考高级英语课文)相关问题,那么今天教务老师来告诉同学们这些问题的解答!自考本科英语中的高级英语,该怎么学?先背教材上的精彩文章段落,直到能默写下来的程度,背得越多越好。然后大量的积累单词,单词量需要达到五千以上。英语说白了和汉语差不多,基本的句型记住之后就成往里填单词了,单词也记住了就行了。我自考英语还剩一门高级英语,还有20天时间就考试了,不知道怎么复习,谁考过了,说一下复习方法,谢谢找到或者买高级英语的课本,每天大声朗读并狂背单词200个,其他时间学课本,做习题,做真题,错的改。第二天将学过的200词再复习一遍,然后再学200个新的,如果能坚持练习20天后定能考过。多背吧,买本参考书直接照着复习我英语不好,别指望我了自考高级英语都考什么?要考听力吗?不要考,都是笔试内容自考高级英语,还有一本书没看完,怎么学有感而发,先说点题外话,既然是自考就要坚持下去,有恒心有毅力才行! 本人在学校时,也曾报过自考,但是考了两门就没坚持下去。现在毕业好几年了,想起来都挺后悔当时为什么没有坚持下去。因为能拿下自考来,无论对你以后的深造,还是就业都挺有帮助的。据我所知和我一块报考的同学,也绝大部分没坚持到最后。说这些话,是希望你不要重蹈覆辙哦! 另外,不知你所说的中日交流标准日本语是初级还是中级,不过既然是考试,考点就应该是平均分布的,不会按照上下册来分吧,除非考纲另有标明是考上册还是下册。 再者,就语法和单词的关系问题。个人认为备考时应该是单词优先,兼顾语法。因为单词是基础。语法知道的很多,不明白单词什么意思,你就没法正确选择答案。当然了,这也不是说放下语法不管了。不懂得语法,除了语法考题答不对外,做读解题时也没法正确分析文章的意思。 最后,整张试卷就分值而言,单词占10分左右,语法占的多一点,20分左右吧。我当时自考的日语本科,两门中考了一门日语,印象是这样的。稳妥起见,最好看一下往年的试题,一般自考书店都有卖的。祝你考试成功! 今天去书店时碰巧看到了几份自考日语的模拟真题试卷,感觉上册占的知识点比重大一些,当然下册也不容忽视呦。其实标日上下两册都挺简单的,下册也只达到日语国际能力测试的3级水平;如果你有基础(一点基础没有就另当别论了),上下两册一共48篇文章吧,而且大部分是对话,花两周的时间多看看教材,考60分应该是不成问题的。 如果有时间,2楼的建议可以斟酌一下哦!自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

高级英语之前过了,这门课我没有用任何辅导材料,一直在看教材。个人感觉背课文太累,时间也来不及。因为这门课考完很久,有些已经记不清,所以我只能回忆个大概,高级英语中考到课文内容的主要有选择题、选词填空和最后的翻译题。选择题虽然不是直接摘自课文,但几个选项中出现的词都是课文中出现过的,只要理解课文内容,对一些重要词汇熟悉,选择题的问题不大;选词填空直接摘自课文,并且只要填字母,因此只要看过课文,对课文有个大致的印象,这题也不难;翻译题我印象中几乎是课文里有的,如果对课文内容不熟悉,可以用自己的方式去表达。自考高级英语中的阅读题是课外的,重在平时的课外积累。高级英语的课文有一定的难度,因此学这门课之前最好有一定的英语基础,否则理解起来会很困难。网上有课文的音频和翻译,多花时间去准备,考试一般都能通过的。

自考英语难度不大,相当于大学里的英语三点五级A的水平,书本还是很有用的,考试的内容有30%左右是课文及后面的题目里变化过来的,通常不需要把书本全背下来,你可以对照片考试在纲里的要求来复习与整理。然后把近五年的试卷做熟,通常问题不是很大!

自考高级英语怎么复习备考? 一、重视教材,考生一定要在考前过一到两遍教材,熟悉教材里面的文章,也是积累词汇量和句型结构的过程,而这些都是学习英语的基本功,有助于考生英文写作水平的提高。只有扎实基本功,你的英语水平才会有由量到质的飞跃。 二、分析题型和命题方式,考生除了了解教材以外,还要多做真题,清楚考试题型和得分要点,有助于考生分清楚重、难、易点,有的放矢地提高复习效率。 三、注重学习交流,有机会的考生可以向一些通过考试的考生请教学习方法,但是本身英语底子很差,一般想要通过自学在短时间内提高是很有挑战的。建议有条件的考生可以报名参加,它都是与主办高校合作办学的,有专业的老师帮助你提高英语水平,顺利攻下高级英语。 自考高级英语难吗? 有一定英语底子的话还是容易的,底子如果不够建议还是慎重考虑,至少把英语水平提升一下考会比较好。英语专业是建立在已有的高中英语基础上,继续往更高难度学习,如果常用的英语也不扎实,想深入学习极其吃力。自考/成考有疑问、不知道如何总结自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考报名当地政策,点击底部咨询官网,免费领取复习资料:

自考本科高级英语笔记

高级英语之前过了,这门课我没有用任何辅导材料,一直在看教材。个人感觉背课文太累,时间也来不及。因为这门课考完很久,有些已经记不清,所以我只能回忆个大概,高级英语中考到课文内容的主要有选择题、选词填空和最后的翻译题。选择题虽然不是直接摘自课文,但几个选项中出现的词都是课文中出现过的,只要理解课文内容,对一些重要词汇熟悉,选择题的问题不大;选词填空直接摘自课文,并且只要填字母,因此只要看过课文,对课文有个大致的印象,这题也不难;翻译题我印象中几乎是课文里有的,如果对课文内容不熟悉,可以用自己的方式去表达。自考高级英语中的阅读题是课外的,重在平时的课外积累。高级英语的课文有一定的难度,因此学这门课之前最好有一定的英语基础,否则理解起来会很困难。网上有课文的音频和翻译,多花时间去准备,考试一般都能通过的。

教务老师,听见很多自考的同学在问自考高级英语怎么准备(自考高级英语课文)相关问题,那么今天教务老师来告诉同学们这些问题的解答!自考本科英语中的高级英语,该怎么学?先背教材上的精彩文章段落,直到能默写下来的程度,背得越多越好。然后大量的积累单词,单词量需要达到五千以上。英语说白了和汉语差不多,基本的句型记住之后就成往里填单词了,单词也记住了就行了。我自考英语还剩一门高级英语,还有20天时间就考试了,不知道怎么复习,谁考过了,说一下复习方法,谢谢找到或者买高级英语的课本,每天大声朗读并狂背单词200个,其他时间学课本,做习题,做真题,错的改。第二天将学过的200词再复习一遍,然后再学200个新的,如果能坚持练习20天后定能考过。多背吧,买本参考书直接照着复习我英语不好,别指望我了自考高级英语都考什么?要考听力吗?不要考,都是笔试内容自考高级英语,还有一本书没看完,怎么学有感而发,先说点题外话,既然是自考就要坚持下去,有恒心有毅力才行! 本人在学校时,也曾报过自考,但是考了两门就没坚持下去。现在毕业好几年了,想起来都挺后悔当时为什么没有坚持下去。因为能拿下自考来,无论对你以后的深造,还是就业都挺有帮助的。据我所知和我一块报考的同学,也绝大部分没坚持到最后。说这些话,是希望你不要重蹈覆辙哦! 另外,不知你所说的中日交流标准日本语是初级还是中级,不过既然是考试,考点就应该是平均分布的,不会按照上下册来分吧,除非考纲另有标明是考上册还是下册。 再者,就语法和单词的关系问题。个人认为备考时应该是单词优先,兼顾语法。因为单词是基础。语法知道的很多,不明白单词什么意思,你就没法正确选择答案。当然了,这也不是说放下语法不管了。不懂得语法,除了语法考题答不对外,做读解题时也没法正确分析文章的意思。 最后,整张试卷就分值而言,单词占10分左右,语法占的多一点,20分左右吧。我当时自考的日语本科,两门中考了一门日语,印象是这样的。稳妥起见,最好看一下往年的试题,一般自考书店都有卖的。祝你考试成功! 今天去书店时碰巧看到了几份自考日语的模拟真题试卷,感觉上册占的知识点比重大一些,当然下册也不容忽视呦。其实标日上下两册都挺简单的,下册也只达到日语国际能力测试的3级水平;如果你有基础(一点基础没有就另当别论了),上下两册一共48篇文章吧,而且大部分是对话,花两周的时间多看看教材,考60分应该是不成问题的。 如果有时间,2楼的建议可以斟酌一下哦!自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策,点击底部咨询官网老师,免费领取复习资料:

没必要 可以去百度查你们英语重点要发现的知识点,然后认真的背下来,这样子就可以了, 望采纳

自考高级英语考生一定要在考前过一到两遍教材,熟悉教材里面的文章,也是积累词汇量和句型结构的过程,而这些都是学习英语的基本功,有助于考生英文写作水平的提高。那么高级英语自考重点有哪些呢?

自考高级英语应多做题,分析题型和命题方式,考生除了了解教材以外,还要多做真题,清楚考试题型和得分要点,有助于考生分清楚重、难、易点,有的放矢地提高复习效率。

高级英语自考重点

第一课

1.课文重点段落:2、4、5、6

2.重点短语:adulation、disaffection、embody、reverence、sprinkle、swelter

3.重点短语:conceive of :设想,想象、see......as :把......视为,把.…...当作、ratherthan :不是.…而是......、takeplace : 发生

第二课

4.课文重点段落:1、3、4、5、6、7、8、9、12

5 .重点短语:affluent、available、cleanse、dwindle、disillusionment、tedious.relevant

6.重点短语: contribute..........贡献,捐款、 batten on:靠损害他人养肥自己.drop out :放弃,退出

第三课

7.课文重点段落:2、3、15、16、17、21、30

8.重点短语:apologetic、apprehension、coax、contemptible、desist

9.重点短语: break in:插入,闯入、hold down:控制、reduce to:变成

第四课

10 .课文重点段落∶2、6、7、8

11.重点短语:arguable、dodge、intrude、languish、legalize

12.重点短语:e to light 公布于众. go over:检查细节、hold out:持续、omplywith 依从,顺从

第五课

13 .课文重点段落:1、2、4、6、7、10、12、15、16

14 .重点短语:drawback、incredulous、inferior、predominate、mold、register

15.重点短语: be content with :满足、be supposed to:理应,应该、run for :竞选、be aware of :意识,知道、convince sb. of sth./that......说服,使相信

……

自考高级英语笔记大全

10.solution n. 解决办法 solve v. 解决 1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借贷只能暂时解决这个国家的经济困难。) 2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (经过一天的仔细考虑,他才想出一个好办法。) 3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我们应该一起解决我们国家的问题。) 4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解决这个问题。) 5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他们找到了解决这个问题的新办法。) (请注意用solution这个名词时,通常用a solution to a problem表示“问题的解决办法。”。) 11.adapt v. 使适应,使适合;改写 1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我们应该使自己的思想适应新的情况。) 2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment. (一些动物改变它们的习性以适应环境。) 3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想适应新的生活方式吗?) 4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他们把小说改编为电影。) 请注意adapt 和adopt的区别,adopt意为“采用;收养”。 1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他们准备采用新的养蚕技术。) 2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。) 12. perfect adj. 完美的;完全的 v. 使完美,改善 1)He speaks perfect English. (他说一口地道的英语。) 2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由这位演员担任这一角色再理想不过了。) 3)He is in perfect health. (他身体十分健康。) 4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是个完全陌生的人。) 5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. (他们决定把儿子送到英国去提高他的英语水平。) 13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 accept v. 接受 1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (这个建议大家都能接受。) 2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (汤姆在测验中的分数尚可。) 3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (别以为在电视上看到的一切都是真实的。) 4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我没指望他接受我的建议。) 5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (这个计划受到了人们的普通欢迎。) 6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地点头表示赞同。) 14. evidence n. 发现;(调查或研究)结果;根据 evident adj. 明显的 1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你这样说有任何根据吗?) 2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。) 3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (显然,我们彼此不了解。) 4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他带着明显的失望说话。) 5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best. (我们有充分的证据说明他们的工作是的。) 15. determine v. 决定;确定 determined adj. 下决心的 determination n. 决心;结论 1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已决定了行动计划。) 2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事实。) 3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父亲决心戒烟。) 4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化验报告后下了结论。) 5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是个有决断力的人。) 16. growth n. 生长 grow v. 生长 1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游业的发展实在令人惊异。) 2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems. (世界人口的迅速发展带来了越来越多的问题。) 3)His hair has grown too long. (他的头发长得太长了。) 4)Friendship grew between them. (他们之间产生了友情。) 5)You will grow used to it. (你会渐渐对此习惯的。) 本课主要构词法 Affixation 词缀法 1. 形容词后缀 -able disagreeable acceptable 2. 副词后缀 -ly scientifically previously entirely frequently 3. 名词后缀 -ion imagination solution 4. 反义词前缀 un- unknown unpleasant 本课简介 在“Scientific Attitudes”这篇课文中,作者指出科学始于人类对周围环境的疑问。当人类具有去伪存真的能力时,科学也开始迅猛发展。好奇和想像是有助于推动科学发现和发展重要素质。作者还认为具有科学头脑的人相信“因果”关系。任何现象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被发现。思想开放、无偏见;尊重别人的观点;凡事以事实为依据都是科学的态度。 人物背景 1.Benjamin Franklin:富兰克林(1706-1790年),美国政治家及科学家。美国18世纪名列华盛顿后的最的人物,参加起草独立宣言。在科学方面进行过有名的电实验,并对电做了理论说明。只受过极短的正规教育,全靠勤奋自学成才。法国经济学家杜尔哥颂扬他“从天空抓到雷电,从专制统治者手中夺回权力”。 2.Thomas Edison:爱迪生(1847-1931年),美国发明家。技术历史中显著的天才之一,拥有白炽灯、留声机、电影放映机等1093种发明专利,还创办了世界上第一个工业研究实验室。 3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理学家及天文学家。对现代科学思想的发展作出过重大贡献。最早用望远镜观察天体,并曾用大量事实证明地球环绕太阳转,否定地心说。 4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法国化学家及微生物学家。证明发酵及传染病是微生物引起的,创始并首先应用疫苗接种以预防狂犬病、鸡霍乱等,挽救了法、英等国的养蚕业和啤酒业。 5.Edward Jenner:金纳(1749-1823年),英国医生,牛痘接种法创始人。历经周折使牛痘接种法得以公认,并传播到欧美大陆及全世界,使天花的病死率大为下降。

Unit3(第7讲—第10讲) Text A The Altoantic Ocean 本课主要单词 1. unwilling adj.不情愿的,不愿意的;勉强的 Selfish as she is, she is unwilling to share anything with others.(她很自私,不愿意与他人分享任何东西。) He was unwilling to give up halfway even though there might be more difficulties ahead.(尽管前面可能有许多困难,但他不愿意中途放弃。) They got some unwilling assistance from the local government.(地方政府勉强给了他们一些协助。) 2. equator n.赤道 Ecuador is near the equator.(厄瓜多尔靠近赤道。) People used to believe that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot. (人们过去认为,在赤道处海水是滚烫的。) 3. bulge n.不规则突起;鼓起之处;(突然)上涨,增多 v.使膨胀;塞满 Between the bulge of South America and the bulge of Africa lies the narrowest place of the Atlantic Ocean. (大西洋的最狭窄处位于南美洲的突起处和非洲的突起处之间。) The graph shows a bulge in the birth rate in the year of dragon.(图表显示龙年出生率的暴增。) His schoolbag was bulging with apples when he came back from his uncle's orchard.(他从叔叔的果园回来时书包里鼓鼓囊囊装满了苹果。) 4. unusual adj. 少有的;不寻常的;与众不同的,独特的 It was not unusual for him to work very late every night.(每天工作到深夜对他来说是很平常的事。) He has an unusual name.(他有一个不寻常的名字。) It is unusual to see snow in this region.(这个地区难得下雪。) This young man has an unusual talent for organization.(这个年轻人有非凡的组织才能)。 5. salty adj. 咸的,含盐的 salt n. 盐;风趣 v. 用盐调味;用盐腌;撒盐于道路上 He didn't have much for dinner as the dishes were too salty.(他晚餐吃的不多,因为菜太咸了。) It might be a good idea to wash these in salty water.(把这些放在盐水里洗一洗也许是个好主意。) He added a bit more salt to the soup to make it tastier.(为了使汤的味道更好,他又加了一点盐。) His wit added salt to the discussion.(他的妙语使讨论增添了风趣。) Have you salted the potato?(你往土豆里加了盐了吗?) It took them a long time to salt the main roads.(他们花了好长时间才在主要公路上撒上盐。) grind salt in sb.'s wounds 在某人伤口上撒盐,使某人痛上加痛 with a grain of salt半信半疑地 Salt Lake City盐湖城(美国尤他州州府) salt mine盐矿 salt shaker(瓶盖上有细孔用于匀撒的)盐瓶 salt spreader撒盐车a saltwater lake咸水湖 saltwater fish海产a salted egg咸蛋 请注意:形容词salty是由名词 salt加形容词后缀 -y构成的。这样的形容词在英语中还有很多,如:windy,snowy,rainy,cloudy,sunny,funny,muddy,foggy… 6. average n. 平均数,平均 adj. 平均的;平常的,普通的 v. 平均 The average of 5,7 and 9 is 7. (5,7,9的平均数是7.) He receives an average of 50 calls a day.(他平均每天接到50个电话。) Mr. Brown could hardly believe that his son's work at school is below the average.(布朗先生几乎无法相信他儿子的学习成绩低于一般水平。) The average temperature yesterday was below zero.(昨天的平均气温在零度以下。) He is an average student in his class.(他是班上的一般学生。) A man of average height came to see you today.(今天有一位中等身材的人来看你。) He averages one pack of cigarettes a day.(他平均每天抽一包香烟。) The annual rainfall here averages 700mm.(这里的年降雨量平均为700毫米。) 7. spot n.地点,处所;点,斑点 v. 点缀;认出;准确定位 adj. 当场作出的;现付的 She toured many scenic spots during the holiday.(假日里她游览了许多风景胜地。) She told us the exact spot where the accident happened.(她把事故发生的准确地点告诉了我们。) She decided on a blue tie with white spot for her husband.(她给丈夫选了一条蓝底白点的领带。) There is a spot of ink on the white wall.(白墙上有墨水渍。) He didn't want to leave a spot on his reputation.(他不想在名誉上留下污点。) The night sky is spotted with twinkling stars.(闪烁的星星点缀着夜空。) His shoes are spotted with mud.(他的鞋子上有泥渍。) She is so special, you can spot her in the crowd easily.(她很特别,你在人群中能一眼认出她来。) He was sent to spot the battery position of the enemy.(他被派去测定敌炮阵地。) She was urged to make a spot decision.(她被催促当场做决定。) on the spot当场,在现场in a spot在困境中,在窘境中 put sb. on the spot使某人处于难堪地位 put one's finger on sb.'s weak spot指出某人性格上的弱点 spot check抽样检查spot survey 抽样调查 spotlight聚光灯;汽车上的反光灯;公众注意中心 spot news现场报道的新闻spot price 现货价 8. range n. 山脉;幅度,范围 v.(在某范围内)变动,变化;把…排列成行 One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic.(世界最长的山脉从大西洋洋底耸起。) The age range is from 45 to 65.(年龄幅度在45岁至65岁之间。) He is not very clear about his range of responsibility.(他对自己的责任范围并不清楚。) The question you asked is out of my range.(你问的问题我不懂。) Prices of gasoline range from one dollar to one dollar and twenty a gallon.(汽油的价格从1美元至1美元20美分1加仑不等。) The tiger-sharks range in length from nine feet to fourteen feet.(虎鲸的体长从9英尺到14英尺不等。) The puddings are neatly ranged on the shelf.(布丁整齐地排列在架子上。) medium-range missile中程导弹wide range of interests兴趣广泛 at close range接近地in/within range在射程内 9. peak n. 山峰;顶点 The mountain peak is covered with snow all the year.(山峰终年积雪。) His career is at its peak now, no wonder he will make greater achievement.(他的事业正处于鼎盛时期,毫无疑问,他会取得更大的成就。) 10. vessel n. 船,舰;容器,器皿 an ocean-going vessel远洋轮an escort vessel护卫舰 a fishing vessel渔船a drinking vessel饮具 11. crew n. 全体船员,全体机务人员 The crew was (were) annoyed at the captain's decision.(船员们对船长的决定感到恼火。) The aircraft has a crew of 6.(这架飞机有6名机组人员。) All 312 passengers and 6 crew members died in the plane crash.(312名乘客和6名机组人员在飞机失事中丧生。) 12. becalm v.(常用被动语态)(指帆船)因无风而停止前进 In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed on the ocean.(在使用帆船的时代,船员们担心他们会因为无风而无法在海洋上航行。) He was becalmed for a whole week north of the island.(他在海岛北面因无风而停泊了整整一周。) 13. gulf n. 海湾;隔阂;鸿沟 Can you tell me for sure who was the real winner of the Gulf War?(你能确定地告诉我谁是海湾战争的真正赢家吗?) The quarrel left a gulf between the two close friends.(那场争吵在两位好友间造成了隔阂。) the Persian Gulf波斯湾the Gulf of Mexico墨西哥湾 Gulf Stream湾流,墨西哥湾流 14. stream n. 小河,溪流 v. 流,涌 They had a walk along the bank of the stream.(他们沿着河岸散步。) Lots of tree leaves are floating along with the stream.(许多树叶正随着水流漂浮。) Tourists came into the cave in a steady stream.(游客们源源不断地进入山洞。) Tears streamed down her cheeks when she heard the news.(当她听到那个消息时,泪水顺着脸颊流了下来。) He didn't even frown when blood streamed from his wound.(血从伤口涌出时,他连眉头都没皱一下。) a stream of cold air一股冷空气a stream of people一股人流 a stream of lies一串谎言 a stream of good ideas一系列好主意 a stream of light一道光线stream of consciousness意识流 go against the stream逆潮流而动 go with the stream随波逐流 stream-lined cars 流线型汽车 15. current n. (空气,水等的)流,潮流;电流;倾向 adj. 当前的,通行的 The child had been swept away by the current.(孩子被水流卷走了。) A steady current of heated air rose from the mountain top.(一股热气从山顶源源不断升起。) There was a powerful electric current running through the wires.(一股强大的电流流过电线。) Mass media influence the current of public opinion.(大众传媒影响舆论的倾向。) Give me a current issue of Reader's Digest.(给我一本最近一期的读者文摘。) A long time ago, it was a current belief that the earth was flat.(很久以前,人们普遍相信地球是扁平。) the main current主流a warm current 暖流 an alternating current交流电a direct current直流电 current events时事 current situation当前形势 16. affect v. 影响;打动;(疾病)侵袭 effect n. 效果;作用,影响; His mood was greatly affected by the sad news. (那个悲痛的消息使他的心绪大受影响。) Computers affect our life in many ways.(计算机在许多方面影响我们的生活。) Reading in dim light constantly will surely affect the eyes.(经常在昏暗的光线下看书肯定会对眼睛有影响。) The child was affected with high fever.(孩子发高烧了。) The color gives the effect of being warm.(这颜色给人以暖感。) The wonderful sky effect on the festival night impressed everybody. (绚丽的节日夜空给每一个人都留下了深刻印象。) I just hope this medicine won't have serious side-effect.(我只希望这种药没有严重的副作用。) sound effect音响效果three-dimensional effect 立体感 lighting effect灯光效果 cause and effect因果 no effects无存款(银行在空头支票上的批语) be of no effect无效bring sth. to effect实行,实施 in effect实际上take effect见效;生效 17. climate n. 气候 The change in climate might be one of the causes for the extinction of dinosaurs. (气候的变化也许是恐龙灭绝的一个原因。) In cold climates, some of the livestock have to be kept indoors all winter. (在寒冷的气候区,一些牲畜得在室内一冬。) In the present economic climate we can make greater achievement. (在目前的经济气候下,我们能够取得更大的成就。) weather n. 天气 The football match had to be put off because of bad weather.(由于天气不好,足球比赛被推迟了。) What's the weather like in Hangzhou? I hope it is not as hot there.(杭州的天气怎么样?希望那儿不那么热。) 18. flow n. 流 v. 流动 Heavy rains brought mud flows down the mountain. (暴雨把泥流冲下了山。) The doctor stopped the flow of blood. (医生把血止住了。) The river flows east into the sea. (这条河向东流入大海。) 19. furnish v. 供应,提供;装备,(用家具)布置 The school has decided to furnish the library with some new books.(学校决定给图书馆提供一些新书。) They furnished all the passengers with life jackets. (他们为所有的乘客提供救生衣。) She wants to furnish her new house with modern furniture.(她想用时新家具布置新家。) 20. highway n. 公路; (水陆)交通干线 The canal was the only highway for commerce.(这条远河是的商业路线。) You can find many motels along the highways.(在高速公路沿线你会看到许多汽车旅馆。) 21. float v.(使)漂浮 Colorful flags are floating in the morning breeze.(彩旗在晨风中飘荡。) When winter comes yellow leaves float down.(冬天到来时,黄叶飘落。) It will be much easier for you to float the logs down the river.(你们把木材顺流下漂将会容易得多。) 本课主要构词法 Affixation(词缀法) 1. 反意词前缀un- unusual,unwilling 2. 形容词后缀-y salty 3. 名词后缀-or sailor Compounding (合词法) 1. 复合名词 highway,steamship,airplane 2. 复合形容词 mid-Atlantic,eastward 本课简介 The Atlantic Ocean向读者介绍了有关大西洋的情况。我们可以了解航行大西洋的过去和现在,也可以了解大西洋“制造”出来的世界之最。 本课主要语言点 1. The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. 在表示河流,海洋,群岛,沙漠等地理名称的名词前,以及以复数形式出现的国名前要用定冠词,例如:the Yellow River(黄河),the Pacific Ocean(太平洋),the British Isles (不列颠群岛),the Sahara(撒哈拉沙漠),the Alps(阿尔卑斯山脉), the Philippines (菲列宾) 在表示某一座山,岛屿或某一个湖时不用定冠词,例如:Yellow Mountain(黄山),Lake Erie(伊利湖),Hainan Island(海南岛) one of +复数名词是英语中常见的用法,请翻译下面的句子: She is one of the most hardworking students in our class.(她是我们班学习最刻苦的学生之一。) Shanghai is one of the biggest cities in the world.(上海是世界的城市之一。) 印度是世界上人口最多的国家之一。(India is one of the countries with the largest population in the world.) 尼罗河是世界上最长的河流之一。(Nile is one of the longest rivers in the world.) 在one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句一般被看作修饰复数名词,因此该从句中的谓语要用复数形式。例如: This is one of the best novels that have been published this year.(这是今年出版的小说之一。) Mr. Smith is one of those men who always think they are right.(史密斯先生属于那些总是认为自己正确的人。) He is not one of those who bow before difficulties.(他不是那种在困难面前低头的人。) 但是在the only one of +复数名词+定语从句的结构中,定语从句应该被看成修饰单数名词。例如: He was the only one of the boys who was praised by the teacher.(他是男孩中受到老师表扬的。) Helen is the only one of those girls who doesn't wear make-up.(海伦是那些女孩中不化妆的。) separate from是常用词组,在句子中的意思是“(使)分离,(使)分开”,请翻译下面的句子: 1)英吉利海峡把英法两国隔开。(The English Channel separates England from France.) 2)理论不应该脱离实际。(Theory should not be separated from practice.) the Old world指欧,亚,非三洲,有时仅指欧洲。the New (World) 指哥伦布发现的美洲大陆。 2. For centuries it kept the Americas from being discovered by the people of Europe. for centuries 意为“许多世纪”。在英语中用介词for加表示时间的复数名词的表达形式很常见。请翻译下面的句子: 1)I haven't seen you for days. How is everything?(多日不见,一切都好吗?) 2)I haven't seen him for years, I am sure he has changed a lot.(我多年没见到他了,他一定变了不少。) 3)It seems I have been waiting for you for centuries. Where have you been?(我似乎等了你几个世纪了,你去哪儿了?) keep… from doing 是习惯用法,意思是“使…不…”。 例如:It is really not easy to keep Father from smoking.(要使父亲不抽烟真不容易。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1)Heavy fog kept the ships from being discovered by the enemy.(大雾使得船只未被敌人发现。) 2)We had no way to keep him from getting involved in the matter.(我们没有办法使他不卷入那事件中去。) 3)那种药使他的咳嗽不再加剧。(The medicine keeps his cough from getting more serious.) 4)当地人的保守思想使得那个地方不能快速发展。 (The local people's conservative mind keeps that place from developing rapidly.) 3. Many wrong ideas about the Atlantic made early sailors unwilling to sail far out into it. make sb. unwilling to do sth. 意为“使得某人不愿做某事”。例如:His indifference to work made everybody unwilling to cooperate with him.(他对工作的冷漠态度使得所有的人都不愿与他合作。) 主语+动词+宾语+补语(SVOC)的句型在课本第二单元的语法中已有较详细的论述。请翻译下面的句子: 1)His behavior at the dinner party made the host annoyed.(他在晚宴上的行为使主人很恼火。) 2)That film made him famous.(那部影片使他出了名。) 3)他刚才的一番话使玛丽很伤心。(What he said just now made Mary very sad.) 4)老师对他作文的评价令他失望。(The teacher's comment on his composition made him disappointed.) 5)What he had done made his friends hesitant to accept the invitation.(他的所为使得他的朋友们对接受邀请犹豫不决。) 6)他的挥霍浪费使得他的父母不愿意再给他钱。(His unthriftiness made his parents unwilling to give him any more money.)

Unit18(第53讲—第55讲) 本课主要句型 1. Now it is hard to visualize a map that does not feature north at the top, but this was not always so. 本句中it做形式主语(formal subject),to visualize a map……。是真正的主语(real subject)。用it 做形式主语, 主要是因为主语较长,谓语较短,于是不定式常放在谓语的后面。例如: 1)It is necessary to tell him the news as soon as possible.(尽快把这消息告诉他是很必要的。) 2)It took us 30 minutes to get there by bus.(坐公共汽车到那儿花了我们30分钟时间。) 3)It made us very angry to see him talk to the old man in such an impolite manner.(看到他以如此不礼貌的方式与那位老人谈话,我们非常气愤。) 4)How much did it cost you to send the parcel express?(速递这个包裹花了你多少钱?) 请翻译下列句子,注意用做形式主语: 1)掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。 2)能来参加这个晚宴是我们的荣幸。 3)我们不帮助他们是错误的。 4)他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智的。 上面的四个句子可以翻译为: 1) It is not easy to master a foreign language. 2) It is our honor to be present at this dinner party. 3) It was a mistake for us not to help them. 4) It is unwise of them to turn sown the suggestion. Visualize是一个动词,意思是 imagine (想像)。在词汇部分我们讲到过-ize是动词后缀。常用在形容词后面构成动词,如:localize(局部化,地方化), urbanize (城市化),nationalize (使国有化), finalize(最后定下来)visualize 这个动词,我们在第四单元中已经学过,请把下面两个句子译成英语,注意使用 visualize: 1)我难以想像等待着我的将会是什么。 2)一整天,他都在想像着将在教堂举行的婚礼。 这两句话可以译为: 1) I cannot visualize what is waiting for me. 2) He has been visualizing the wedding ceremony to be held at the church for the whole day. ……this was not always so中的 so 是个代词,意思是“如此,这样”,如: 1)――I think you made the wrong decision. ――Is that so? (是这样吗?) 2)It is not necessary to find out why it is so.(去了解为什么如此是没有必要的。) 3)I believe so.(我相信是这样。) 2. The oldest known map in the accepted sense of the word was drawn about 3,800BC, and represents the river Euphrates flowing through northern Mesopotamia, Irag. 本句中的known是过去分词做形容词用,意思是“已知的”,在某些语境中,known意为“的”。如: 1)This is the most dangerous substance known to man.(这是人类已知的最危险的物质。) 2)It has become a well known holiday resort.(这儿已成为的度假胜地。) in the…sense of the word 意思是“就这个词的…意义上而言”,如: 1)It is a miracle in the true sense of the word.(这是真正的奇迹。) 2)That is an adventure in every sense of the word.(那才叫冒险。) sense是个常用词,请看下面的句子,注意sense的词意。 1) He has a great sense of humor.(他很有幽默感。) 2) There is some common sense in what he says.(他所说的话有些道理。) 3) What's the sense of doing that since it is already late?(既然已经晚了,做那件事还有什么意义呢?) 4) She came to her senses after a blood transfusion. (输血之后,他苏醒过来。) 5) In a sense what he said is true.(在某种意义上说,他说的话是正确的。) 6) Her explanation doesn't make any sense.(她的解释讲不通。) 7) I cannot make sense of what has written.(她写的东西我弄不懂。) 3. This and others that followed it, were little more than rough sketches of localized features; it was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound-footing. 本句中的前一个it是代指上句中的the oldest known map. Little more than 的意思是 almost no more than(只不过是)。请注意下列句子中的little的意思: 1) He is little better than a bookworm. (他简直跟书呆子差不多。) 2) That is little short of open scorn.(那简直就是公然藐视。) It was not until…that…。是一个常见的强调句型,意思是“直到…才”。如: 1) It was not until the cat emerged from behind the bushes that I noticed it.(直到猫从灌木后面出来,我才注意到它。) 2) It was not until he called me that I realized there was a meeting in the afternoon.(直到他给我打电话我才想起下午有个会。) 3) It was not until several weeks later that the stolen car was found.(几个星期以后那辆失窃的汽车才被找到。) 请翻译下列句子,注意使用上述句型。 1)直到20世纪60年代人类才实现登上月球的梦想。 2)直到昨天他才被告知真相。 3)直到妈妈来幼儿园接他,那孩子才停止哭泣。 这三个句子可以翻译为: 1) It was not until the 1960S that man realized the dream of landing on the moon. 2) It was not until yesterday that he was told the truth. 3) It was not until mother came to the kinder-garter to collect him that the boy stopped crying. place sth. on a sound footing 意思是“把…置于坚实的基础上”。 4. The last great scientist of the classical period, he was the first to draw a map that was based on all available knowledge, rather than guess or imagination. The last great scientist of the classical period, 在本句中做同位语,对主语he作进一步的补充说明。 Be based on 意思是“以……为基础”。 Guess在句中做名词用,意思是“推测,猜想”。 Rather than在本句中的意思相当于instead of “而不是”。 1)I have used some simple words rather than the difficult ones.(我用了一些简单词汇而不是难词。) 2)He bought two books rather than one.(他买了两本书而不是一本。) 3)Rather than go back on his word, he kept his promise.(他没有食言,而是言而有信。) 5. Given the state of knowledge of those times, he got things wrong, …… 在第十五单元中,我们学过given这个介词,意思是“考虑到”,在本句中given仍是这个意思,请再看两个例句: 1)Given the poor working condition, you cannot expect the workers to be very efficient.(考虑到工作条件差,你不能指望工人们的效率很高。 2)Given the bad weather, we have to change our plan.(基于天气不好,我们得改变计划。) Times在本句中的意思是“时代”,如: 1)The times are different, women are now equal to man.(时代不同了,现在男女平等了。) 2)In modern times, the development of science and technology is accelerating.(近代科学技术在加速发展。) 3)In the difficult times, many people died of hunger.(在那限难时世,许多人因饥饿而死。) 6. …since Ptolemy had calculated wrongly the size of the Atlantic and was unaware that the pacific ocean existed. 本句中的since引导的是一个原因状语从句,如: 1)Since so many people are absent, we'd better put off the meeting.(既然如此多的人缺席,我们将此会延期。) 2)I won't blame you since you know nothing about it.(既然你对此一无所知,我就不会怪你。) Unaware与aware一样是形容词,其用法也与aware相同,be unaware of…, be unaware that…。 1)I was unaware of his presence.(我没注意到他在场。) 2)He was unaware that he had been followed.(他不知道他被跟踪了。) 7. The reason for this was that he decided to orientate the map in the direction of the pole star since Polaris was the immovable guiding light in which the voyagers of the era placed their trust. 本句中,that引导的是一个表语从句。表语从句的结构为: 主语+连系动词+表语从句。表语从句也可用where, why, how引导。如: 1) The reason for his absence was that he was ill.(他缺席的原因是他病了。) 2) That was why I hated it.(这就是我不喜欢这个的原因。) 3) That is how he cheated people.(他就是用这种方式人的。) Which所引导的是一个定语从句修饰guiding light限定性定语从句如果修饰“物”,关系代词that和which都可用,但在介词的后面只能用which,在口语中一般把介词放到从句后部去,这时则可以用that.如: 1) This is the question about which we had a discussion last night.(这就是我们昨晚讨论的问题。) This is the question that we. Had a discussion about last night. 2) This is the fact on which we base our opinion.(我们的观点就是建立在这个事实之上的。) This is the fact that we base our opinion on. Trust在句中做名词用,place (put) trust in sb/sth 信任某人(某事)。 1)I don't have any trust in him.(我对他一点也不信任。) 2)Have some trust in the future everything will be OK.(对未来有点信心吧,一切都会好起来。) 3) The old lady placed great trust in her grandson.(那位老太太对她孙子非常信任。) 8. North at the top remained the accepted arrangement until the early Middle Ages, when the church began to interfere seriously with the advance of science. 本句中when引导一个由逗号把前面句子隔开的句子,其意思相当于at the time.如: 1) The party has been put off until next week, when we can get better prepared.(晚会被推迟到下周,那时我们能准备得更好些。) 2) We will wait have until 6, when the manager can spare us a few minutes.(我们在这儿等到6点,那时经理就能给我们几分钟了。) Interfere with意思是“妨碍”,如: 1) Bad dietary habits often interfere with health.(不良的饮食习惯常常妨碍健康。) 2) The interests of the two countries do not interfere with each other.(这两国相互间没有利害冲突。) 9. Once again, north assumed its rightful place at the top of maps. 在第十五单元的Text B中,我们已经学过assume这个词 It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones.(长期以来,人们认定好斗是由男性荷尔蒙引起的。) 在本句中assume的意思是acquire(获得,取得) 请注意下列例句中assume的意思: 1)I assume the misunderstanding will be cleared up.(我认定这误会会消除。) 2)He assumed the report to be unreliable.(他猜那报告不可靠。) 3) Farmers will have a good harvest , assuming that the weather is favorable.(假如风调雨顺,农民将会有好收成。) 4) Who will assume the costs of running a school? (谁来负担开设一所学校的费用?) 5) He assumed a leading position last May.(去年五月,他担任领导职务。) 6) Hitler assumed power in 1933.(希特勒于1933年夺得政权。) 7) He assumed full control of the company.(他完全控制了这家公司。) 本课主要词组 1. in the sense of 2. more than 3. be based on 4. rather than 5. attempt to do sth 6. in the form of 7. in search of 8. at the top 9. in the direction of 10. place trust in 11. interfere with 12. in accordance with 13. from…point of view 14. reliance on Text B You Have a Choice 短语表达 1. side by side They are sitting side by side. We walked side by side along the river. 2. be seated Please be seated, I will fix you a cup of coffee. The hostess was seated with the guests when I hurried in. 3. ahead of The boy is running ahead of his classmates. I believe we can finish the work ahead of time. 4. be certain of I cannot be certain of the time of their arrival. Can you be certain of the truth of his utterance? 5. bring about The new policy is sure to bring about a lot of changes. What Father said has brought about a profound change in his personality. 6. account for This excuse cannot account for your absence. Her explanation doesn't account for the failure. 7. regardless of All of you will be given a chance regardless of your age and sex. Regardless of which method you choose, the result will be the same. 8. make a difference Whether he comes or not will not make any difference. I hope my participation will make a difference. 9. lead to Excessive smoking may lead to lung cancer. The misunderstanding led to a bad quarrel. 10. pull out of The train pulled out of the station at 10:00. When do you think the car will pull out of the garage? 11. for sure I don't know for sure who will be in charge of this department. He couldn't tell for sure what was in the distance. 12. apply to It is hard to apply the rule to real work. It is necessary that the theory be applied to practice. 13. deal with He is hard to deal with. I have no idea how to deal with this situation.

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