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自考英语重点笔记

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自考英语重点笔记

10.solution n. 解决办法 solve v. 解决 1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借贷只能暂时解决这个国家的经济困难。) 2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (经过一天的仔细考虑,他才想出一个好办法。) 3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我们应该一起解决我们国家的问题。) 4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解决这个问题。) 5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他们找到了解决这个问题的新办法。) (请注意用solution这个名词时,通常用a solution to a problem表示“问题的解决办法。”。) 11.adapt v. 使适应,使适合;改写 1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我们应该使自己的思想适应新的情况。) 2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment. (一些动物改变它们的习性以适应环境。) 3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想适应新的生活方式吗?) 4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他们把小说改编为电影。) 请注意adapt 和adopt的区别,adopt意为“采用;收养”。 1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他们准备采用新的养蚕技术。) 2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。) 12. perfect adj. 完美的;完全的 v. 使完美,改善 1)He speaks perfect English. (他说一口地道的英语。) 2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由这位演员担任这一角色再理想不过了。) 3)He is in perfect health. (他身体十分健康。) 4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是个完全陌生的人。) 5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. (他们决定把儿子送到英国去提高他的英语水平。) 13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 accept v. 接受 1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (这个建议大家都能接受。) 2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (汤姆在测验中的分数尚可。) 3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (别以为在电视上看到的一切都是真实的。) 4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我没指望他接受我的建议。) 5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (这个计划受到了人们的普通欢迎。) 6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地点头表示赞同。) 14. evidence n. 发现;(调查或研究)结果;根据 evident adj. 明显的 1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你这样说有任何根据吗?) 2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。) 3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (显然,我们彼此不了解。) 4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他带着明显的失望说话。) 5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best. (我们有充分的证据说明他们的工作是的。) 15. determine v. 决定;确定 determined adj. 下决心的 determination n. 决心;结论 1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已决定了行动计划。) 2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事实。) 3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父亲决心戒烟。) 4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化验报告后下了结论。) 5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是个有决断力的人。) 16. growth n. 生长 grow v. 生长 1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游业的发展实在令人惊异。) 2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems. (世界人口的迅速发展带来了越来越多的问题。) 3)His hair has grown too long. (他的头发长得太长了。) 4)Friendship grew between them. (他们之间产生了友情。) 5)You will grow used to it. (你会渐渐对此习惯的。) 本课主要构词法 Affixation 词缀法 1. 形容词后缀 -able disagreeable acceptable 2. 副词后缀 -ly scientifically previously entirely frequently 3. 名词后缀 -ion imagination solution 4. 反义词前缀 un- unknown unpleasant 本课简介 在“Scientific Attitudes”这篇课文中,作者指出科学始于人类对周围环境的疑问。当人类具有去伪存真的能力时,科学也开始迅猛发展。好奇和想像是有助于推动科学发现和发展重要素质。作者还认为具有科学头脑的人相信“因果”关系。任何现象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被发现。思想开放、无偏见;尊重别人的观点;凡事以事实为依据都是科学的态度。 人物背景 1.Benjamin Franklin:富兰克林(1706-1790年),美国政治家及科学家。美国18世纪名列华盛顿后的最的人物,参加起草独立宣言。在科学方面进行过有名的电实验,并对电做了理论说明。只受过极短的正规教育,全靠勤奋自学成才。法国经济学家杜尔哥颂扬他“从天空抓到雷电,从专制统治者手中夺回权力”。 2.Thomas Edison:爱迪生(1847-1931年),美国发明家。技术历史中显著的天才之一,拥有白炽灯、留声机、电影放映机等1093种发明专利,还创办了世界上第一个工业研究实验室。 3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理学家及天文学家。对现代科学思想的发展作出过重大贡献。最早用望远镜观察天体,并曾用大量事实证明地球环绕太阳转,否定地心说。 4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法国化学家及微生物学家。证明发酵及传染病是微生物引起的,创始并首先应用疫苗接种以预防狂犬病、鸡霍乱等,挽救了法、英等国的养蚕业和啤酒业。 5.Edward Jenner:金纳(1749-1823年),英国医生,牛痘接种法创始人。历经周折使牛痘接种法得以公认,并传播到欧美大陆及全世界,使天花的病死率大为下降。

3. Diamonds are made from carbon. 由……制成,可以用be made from和be made of两个词组来表达。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么,而be made of可以看出该物品由什么材料制成的。如: 1) Paper is made from some plants. (纸是由某些植物制成的。) 2) This beer is made from grain. (这种啤酒是用粮食酿制的。) 3) The houses were made of brick. (这些房屋是砖造的。) 4) This toy is made of cotton. (这个玩具是布做的。) 4. Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds. extreme在句中做形容词用,意思是“极度的”,如: 1) Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. (极度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的动物苏醒。) 2) They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. (冬天时,他们将不得不忍受极度的不适。) change…into意思是“把…转变为…”,如: 1) Water changes into vapour when heated. (水加热后转变为蒸气。) 2) Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. (你去银行就能很容易地把这些美元换成人民币。) 5. Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot, liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth. 请注意such与so之间的不同用法。such后面接名词,而so后面接形容词或副词。如: 1) I don't believe he could make such a mistake. (我相信他不会犯这样的错误的。) 2) How can you go out on such a rainy day? (在这样的雨天里,你怎么能出门?) 3) He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. (他说话太快,我听不懂。) 4) I'm so glad you could come. (你能来我真高兴。) mass在本句中的意思是“(聚成一体的)团、块”,比如: 1) a mass of hot air(一团热气) 2) a mass of sand(一堆沙) 3) Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. (一团云聚集大量的水蒸气就形成了雨。) Mass也可以做形容词用,意思是“群众的”、“大量的”,如: 1) a mass meeting (群众大会) 2) mass education (大众教育) 3) mass media (大众传媒) 4) Mass production could very well cut the cost. (大规模生产可以降低成本。) 6. It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust. It is thought that…是一个很常用的句型,类似的句型在英语中很多,比如: 1) It is / was, has been…, reported that… 2) It is / was, has been…, stated that… 3) It is / was, has been…, pointed out that… 4) It is / was, has been…, mentioned that… 5) It is / was, has been…, believed that… 7. A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed. B. The first known area was in India, where diamonds were found thousands of years ago. 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。A句是限定性定语从句,B句是非限定性定语从句。A、B两句中都是用关系副词where来引导定语从句,修饰表示地点的名词。请看下面的句子,注意限定性定语从句一般不用逗号隔开: 1) Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit? (附近有什么商店可以买到水果吗?) 2) This is the place where we met yesterday. (这是我们昨天碰头的地方。) 3) The small town, where he once worked, has turned to be a modern city. (他曾经工作过的那座小城,已经变成现代化的城市了。) 8. In the 1600's…(十七世纪) In the 1720's…(十八世纪二十年代) In the 1800's…(十九世纪) 请注意年代的表达方法,以上的年代也可以表达为in the 1600s; in the 1720s; in the 1800s.如果我们要表达“在十七世纪初(中、末)期”,则可以说in the early(mid, late) 1600's/1600s. 9. Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe. become / be popular with / among是一个常用词组,意思是“受…欢迎”,请看下面的句子: 1) These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. (这些中国工艺品很受外国朋友的喜爱。) 2) His novels are popular among young people. (他的小说很受年轻人的喜爱。) 3) Classical music is popular among more and more people. (古典音乐受到越来越多的人的喜爱。) 10. India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2,500 yeas of mining the stones. Supply在句子中做名词用,意思是“供应”。Supply常常可以做动词用,意思是“供给,提供”。请看下面的句子: 1) Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. (如果供求关系平衡的话,就能实现经济的稳定。) 2) Many materials are in short supply. (许多材料供应不足。) 3) The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. (不断增长的世界人口将对粮食供应带来重负。) 4) You have to supply him with an answer. (你得给他提供一个答案。) 5) Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. (大多数城镇都有自来水和电力供应。) run out是一个常用词组,意思是“用完,用尽”。请看例句: 1) Time is running out. We have to hurry. (时间快到了,我们得快点。) 2) My patience is running out. (我快要耐不住了。) 3) His luck seemed to have run out. (他的好运似乎结束了。) 我们也可以用run out来表达类似的意思,但run out of的主语应该是“某人”。如: 1) They have run out of money, so they have to find a job. (他们钱用完了,所以得找一份工作。) 2) I have run out of ink. (我的墨水用完了。) 11. People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds. -ful通常加在名词后面,构成形容词,如care-careful,help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一个名词,意思是“一把”,在单词部分,我们已经提到过,英语中有不少这样的词,如: 1) He gave me a basketful of beaches. (他给了我满满一篮子桃子。) 2) She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. (她往汤里撒了满满一勺盐。) 3) Tom is carrying an armful of books. (汤姆抱着一捆书。) sort out是一个常用词组,意思是“整理,分类”,如: 1) Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. (把大点的整理出来,放在盒子里。) 2) It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. (把我们所有的行李整理好花了不少时间。) bottom在句子中做名词用,意思是“底部”。bottom还有“尽头、末端”的意思。请看例句: 1) There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. (茶壶底部有些沉淀物。) 2) At the bottom of the mountain, there is a beautiful village. (在山脚下有个美丽的村子。) 3) I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. (我衷心地感谢你。) 4) Bottoms up. (干杯。) 12. These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20,000 years ago. where they were formed是where引出的名词性从句,作介词from的宾语。请看下面的句子: 1) He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. (他对事故在哪儿发生的只字未提。) 2) She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. (她还没有决定到哪儿去度假。)

Unit4(第11讲—第13讲) 3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. affect 是动词,意思是“影响”。常常会有一些英语学习者把动词affect和名词effect混淆,请注意下面的句子: 1) The drought would surely affect the harvest.(这场干旱肯定会影响到收成。) 2) Excessive smoking affected his health, bad coughs often made it difficult to breathe.(过度吸烟影响了他的健康,严重的咳嗽使他难以呼吸。) 3) Psychologists believe that colors have a definite effect on people.(心理学家认为颜色对人肯定有影响。) 4) We could all see the effects of the illness on him.(我们都能看出那场病在的身上的影响。) 5) 职务的变化使他的收入大受影响。(The change in position greatly affected his income.) 6) 他的话对听众没有任何影响作用。(What he said had little effect on the audience.) 4. Information that doesn't make any sense to you is difficult to remember. that引导的定语从句修饰information; 主句是Information is difficult to remember. 不定式to remember 用在做表语用的形容词后面作状语。请看下面的句子: 1) Einstein was easy to get along with.(爱因斯坦很容易相处。) 2) To many foreigners, Chinese is hard to learn.(对许多外国人来说汉语很难学。) 3) The water in this river is not fit to drink.(这条河里的水不适合饮用。) 4) This question is very difficult to answer.(这个问题很难回答。) make sense 的意思是“有意义;可理解”。请看下面的句子: 1) No matter how you read it, this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.(无论你怎么读,我都不理解这个句子。) 2) What the writer wanted to express in his book doesn't make any sense to the readers.(读者们无法理解作者在书中所要表达的意思。) 3) His explanation makes no sense to his students.(学生们不理解他的解释。) 5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. 动词不定式to remember在句中做定语,修饰名词ability.请看下面的句子: 1) You should have confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.(你们应对自己完成认务的能力有信心。) 2) He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.(他遵守了一大早来的诺言。) 3) They have the determination to overcome all the difficulties.(他们有克服所有困难的决心。) 4) We could see her anxiety to solve the problem.(我们能看出她急于解决这个问题。) make a difference 的意思是“有关系;有影响;起作用”。请看下面的句子: 1) What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.(他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。) 2) Your participation in the work will make a great difference.(你参与我们的工作,情况就不一样了。) 3) Money won't make much difference to him.(钱对他起不了多大作用。) 4) I didn't like the appearance of the house, but the location and price made all the difference.(我不喜欢那房子的外观,但它的位置和价格起了重要作用。) 6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 句中的better是副词well的比较级形式,意思是“更好地”。请看下面的句子: 1) This story is better written than that one.(这个故事写得比那个好。) 2) This room is better furnished than that one.(这间屋子装饰得比那间好。) 3) This team is better trained than that one.(这个队训练得比那个队好。) 4) This job is better paid than that one.(这份工作的报酬比那份高。) information是一个不可数名词,不能在其后加“-s”。请看例句: 1) There are many ways of obtaining information.(获得信息的途径很多。) 2) So far I haven't got any information about the game.(我至今还没有得到有关比赛的任何消息。) 3) I am sure this piece of information will be of great value to them.(我肯定这一消息对他们会很有价值。) 7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 在第一单元的Text B中我们已经对consist of有所了解。这一词组的意思是“由…组成”,它与be made up of;be composed of 的意思相近,但consist of 不用被动语态。请看例句: 1) The United States consists of 50 states.(美国由50个州组成。) 2) The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.(英国由大不立颠和北爱尔兰组成。) 3) Their team is made up of 6 team members.(他们队由6名队员组成。) 4) Our class is made up of 45 students.(我们班由45名同学组成。) a bit在句中的意思是“一点,一些”,它可以用在形容词的前面, 但是不能用在名词的前面。在名词前面必须用a bit of.请看下面的例句: 1) I am a bit tired today.(我今天有点累。) 2) He said he was bit hungry.(他说他有点饿。) 3) Your article is a bit long for our paper. (你的文章对我们的报纸来说有点长了。) 4) He gave the bird a bit of water. (他给了鸟儿一点水。) 5) I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.(如果你能给我一点宝贵建议我会很感激的。) 6) I only know a bit of Spanish. (我只懂一点点西班牙语。) 8. Categorizing is another means of organization. 句中的means是一个名词,意思是“方式;手段”,它不是动词mean的第三人称单数。请看下面的例句: 1) The quickest means of travel is by plane. (最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。) 2) Bicycle is the most convenient means of transport. (自行车是最方便的交通工具。) 3) Email is a modern means of communication. (电子邮件是一种现代通讯方式。) 4) He means what he says. (他说话算数。) 5) Forgetting the past means betrayal. (忘记过去就意味着背叛。) 9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows: group into在句中的意思是“把…分组;把…归类”。请看例句: 1) We can group the animals into several types. (我们可以把这些动物归成几类。) 2) Group the words into similar categories and they will be more easily to remember.(把类型相似的单词归类,记起来就更容易了。) as follows 的意思是“如下”,请看例句: 1) The full text reads as follows: (全文如下:) 2) The results are as follows: (结果如下:) 10. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it tosomething we remember accurately. refer to这一词组的意思很多,我们在单词部分已做过讲解。该词组在本句中的意思是“涉及;指”。请看下面的句子: 1) In the second chapter I will refer to this point again.(在第二章中,我还会提到这一点的。) 2) The numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.(我文章中的数目字指的是注脚。) 3) The author referred to his grandfather several times in his story.(作者在他的故事中几次提到他的祖父。) we want to remember 和we remember accurately都是省略了that的定语从句,前者修饰material,后者修饰something.请看例句: 1) The book you gave me is very interesting.(你给我的那本书很有趣。) 2) The news he told me disturbed all of us greatly.(他告诉我的那个消息使我们大家深感不安。) 3) The information you gathered is of great help to me.(你收集的那些信息对我很有帮助。) 句子中的it指的是the material.relate…to 在句子中的意思是“与…有关系”,请看例句: 1) His talk mainly related to environmental protection.(他的讲话主要是关于环境保护的。) 2) This regulation relates only to children under 12.(这一规则仅适用于12岁以下儿童。) 11. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. striking在句子中做形容词用,意思是“显著的,引人注目的”,请看例句: 1) They made a striking commercial success within 5 years.(在5年的时间里,他们在商业上取得了惊人的成功。) 2) Helen's facial features bore a striking resemblance to her mother's.(海伦的面部特征与她的母亲十分相像。) 3) I am not sure whether he can make it this time. I just feel he has a striking lack of confidence.(我不能确定他这次能否成功,其只是觉得他明显信心不足。) to be remembered不定式的被动形式做定语,修饰the items.请看例句: 1) There are a lot of things to be done.(有很多事要做。) 2) Are you going to the press conference to be held this weekend?(你准备参加本周末举行的记者招待会吗?) 3) This was the first project to be designed John's brother. (这是约翰的哥哥设计的第一个工程。) 12. In one study, subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery, while the second group used repetition to learn the words. subject在本句中做名词用,意思是“受试者,实验对象”。Subject这个词的词义很多,请看例句,注意subject的词义: 1) The subject of today's discussion is “Population and Education”。(今天讨论的题目是“人口与教育”。) 2) The teacher explained in details the subject of the story to the whole class.(老师把故事的主题详细讲给全班同学听。) 3) How many subjects are you taking this semester?(这学期你选几门课?) 4) He became the subject for ridicule.(他成了人们取笑的对象。) 5) Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments.(兔和鼠常被用作医学实验的对象。) 6) He is a Chinese subject.(他是中国国民。) 7) This sentence doesn't have a subject.(这个句子没有主语。) subject还常常做动词或形容词用,请看例句: 1) The country was once subjected to foreign rule.(这个国家曾一度受外国统治。) 2) Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.(台北去年遭受了严重的地震灾害。) 3) We are all subject to the laws of nature.(我们都要受自然规律的支配。) 4) The child is very subject to coughs.(这孩子动不动就咳嗽。) 5) All men are subject to death.(人总有一死。) while 在句子中做连词用,意思是“而,然而”。while也是一个多义词,请注意下面例句中while 的意思: 1) Strike while the iron is hot.(趁热打铁。) 2) He listened to the radio while he was doing his homework.(他一边听收音机,一边做作业。) 3) He is talkative while his twin brother is of few words.(他很健谈,而他的孪生兄弟则少言寡语。) 4) While the old man is respected, he is not well liked.(这个老人很受尊敬,但不太受喜欢。) 5) You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.(只要你不失去信心,你迟早会成功。) using imagery分词做状语,表示方式,请看例句: 1) They stood there waiting for the bus. 2) She had to work standing up. 13. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. 划线部分是该句的主要成分,forming an integrated image动名词短语做主语,can help做谓语,us to preserve a memory做复合宾语。 斜体部分是一个“with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构,做方式状语,修饰动名词短语forming an integrated image. 不定式与名词或代词构成复合结构,做动词宾语的现象在英语中很常见,在前几讲中我们也遇到过。再请看几个例句: 1) Would you like Tom to go with you?(你愿意汤姆和你一起去吗?) 2) He wants you to see him in the afternoon.(他想让你下午去见他。) 3) Father encouraged him to study harder.(父亲鼓励他更加努力学习。) 4) I will get someone to help you.(我去找个人来帮你。) “with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构在英语中也很常见,请看例句: 1) With the problem solved, the plan is going on smoothly.(随着这个问题的解决,计划正顺利进行。) 2) Standing there is a torture to her, with so many eyes fixed on her.(这么多人注视着她,于她而言,站在那儿是一种折磨。) 本课主要词组及句型 词组: 1. focus on 2. a number of 3. at all levels 4. make sense 5. make a difference 6. in random order 7. consist of 8. group into 9. as follows 10. needless to say 11. refer to 12. relate…to 13. associate with 14. compare with 句型: A.定语从句 1) Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory. 2) Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember 3) There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. 4) Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 5) Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. B. 动名词做主语 1) Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 2) Categorizing is another means of organization. 3) Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. Text B Short-term Memory 短语表达 1. at a later time Go ahead with your work, I will give you a call at a later time. I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time. 2. in contrast (with / to) Helen is very talkative. In contrast, her elder sister is silent. His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness. 3. look up I don't remember Tom's telephone number, will you please look it up in the telephone book for me? Look up the dictionary for the meaning of this new word. 4. be unable to I am really sorry that I was unable to give you a call beforehand. He was unable to provide us with more information. 5. be released from He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years. He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease. 6. be rewarded with The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers. If the rat could find the right door, it would be rewarded with food.

自考英语二重点笔记

【免费定制学历提升方案和复习资料: 】高等教育自学考试英语二是必考科目,很多人报考英语二都觉得有难度,下面小编为大家整理自考《英语二》必考高频词汇及短语整理,供参考。自学考试必备词汇及短语1. blessing n. 祝福,祷告2. complain vi. 抱怨,悲叹,控诉3. remind v. 提醒 vt. 使想起,提醒4. victim n. 受害者,牺牲5. depression n. 沮丧,萧条6. unrest n. 不安的状态, 动荡的局面7. illegal adj. 不合法的,非法的 n. 非法移民8. immigrant n. 移民, 侨民 adj. 移民的9. trafficking n.(人或车等)交通流量,不正当生意(走私) v.做生意(多指违法的), 游览10. contribute vt. 捐助,投稿 vi. 投稿,贡献,是原因之一11. quit v. 离开,辞职,停止12. bring in 介绍,带进,引入,赚取,判决13. look forward to vt. 展望(期待)14. prepare for 为...做准备15. believe in 相信, 信任16. reward n. 报酬,报答,赏金 vt. 给...报酬,奖赏17. tragic adj. 悲剧的, 悲惨的18. passion n. 激情,热情19. crucial adj. 关键的,决定性的20. privileged adj.有特权的, 特许的21. motivation n. 动机22. prioritize vt. 把 ... 区分优先次序23. pattern n. 图案, 式样, 典范 v. 以图案装饰; 仿造, 模仿24. strategy n. 战略, 策略25. routine n. 例行公事, 常规,无聊 adj. 常规的, 例行的,乏味的26. locally adv. 地方性地, 局部性地, 位置上27. unique adj. 独一无二的, 独特的, 稀罕的28. survive vt. 比…活得长,幸免于难,艰难度过 vi. 活着, 继续存在29. client n.顾客; 当事人; 诉讼委托人; [计算机]客户端30. finance n. 财政, 资金 vt. 给...提供资金, 负担经费31. obligation n. 义务, 责任32. landscape n. 风景,山水,风景画 v. 美化…的景观,进行造园工程33. exceed vt. 超过, 胜过, 超出界限 vi. 领先34. assume vt. 假定, 设想, 承担; (想当然的)认为35. alleviate vt. 减轻,使...缓和36. seasoned adj. 经验丰富的37. various adj. 各种各样的38. professional adj. 职业(上)的,专业的 n. 专业人员39. lie in 在于40. get up 起床,起立41. seek out vt. 寻出(挑出)42. in place 在适当的位置43. apply for 申请自考《英语二》高频词汇大全自学考试英语二作文复习资料Lesson five first principlesWhat do u learn about laura?Why were her parents so proud of her?Laura was a slim,dark-haired girl of fourteen. she was smart and a pupil at Green Valley Academy. Christmas Day was coming,laura wanted a ballerina dress as a gift from her parents to attend some parties. But when laura‘s mother told her about her father’s unemployment,she understood them and said she didn‘t care about presents or parties. During the time when the family spent Christmas Day at the farm,laura seemed to radiate happiness. It was laura’s obvious pleasure that had a wonderful Christmas Day. Therefore,laura‘s parents were proud of her.Lesson six The beauty of BritainBritain is a small but beautiful country .One of its charms lies in its variety with the territory of 240500 square kilometers,it has mountains,plains and lakes as other countries. Someone perhaps says that the mountains there are only mountains in miniature . Although those mountains are small,they all have the air of great mountains .Another characteristic of Britain is its happy surprise. A traveler will kept being pleasantly astonished by the landscape. On a rolling plain,you might suddenly noticed mountains with step slopes ahead. In a highly developed industrial district,he would see out of expectation a rough wilderness. But the most impressing would be the happy compromise between Nature and Man,country and city .This characteristic is obvious in suburbs where the inhabitants can not only enjoy the civilization of the city,but also live a comfortable country gentlemen‘s life .报考考试有疑问、不知道如何考点内容、不清楚报考考试当地政策,点击底部咨询猎考网,免费获取个人学历提升方案:

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自考英语翻译重点笔记

14. … they look for such a chance. 句中的such是前置限定词,可放在可数或不可数名词前,如: 1) I've never seen such beautiful scenery.(我从没见过这样美丽的景色。) 2) He didn't expect that the audience would give him such a response.(他没料想到观众们会给予如此反应。) 3) She didn't feel like going out on such a cold day.(她不想在如此寒冷的日子里出门。) 从下面的句子中可以看出so与such的区别,so是副词,通常用来修饰形容词或副词: 1) The question was so difficult that nobody could answer it. (这个问题太难了,没人能回答。) 2) His eyesight was so poor that he couldn't see anything clearly. (他的视力不好,什么也看不清。) 3) He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him. (他跑得那么快,没有人能赶上他。) 15. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. 不定式短语to learn to think in the language是句子的真正主语。it常常被用来代替不定式,在句子中充当形式主语,而把真正的主语移到句子后面去,这样使句子显得比较平稳。为了说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的,便在不定式前加for引起的短语。又如: 1) It is not at all difficult for him to understand the poem. 2) It is necessary for us to lend him a helping hand at this time. more important than是形容词比较级形式,请翻译下面的句子: 1) 汤姆的年龄比玛丽大。(Tom is older than Mary.) 2) 这本书比那本书更有趣。(This book is more interesting than that one.) 3) 我们班的学生人数比他们班的多。(There are more students in our class than in theirs.) 16. … you have probably been learning independently, actively, and purposefully. 句中所用的时态为现在完成进行时,表示一个动作从过去的某一时间开始,一直延续到现在,可能还要继续下去。又如: 1) He has been working for a whole day. 2) They have been watching TV for two hours. 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 老李已经在南京生活了二十年。(Lao Li has been living in Nanjing for 20 years.) 2) 雨下多久了?(How long has it been raining?) 3) 我等了他一个多小时了。(I have been waiting for him for more than an hour.) 17. … if your language learning has been less than successful, you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above. less than用在形容词的前面是为了给所要表述的内容增加否定意味。又如:It would be less than fair to put all the blame on him.(把所有的责任都加在他身上是不太公平的。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 父亲对他的成绩不太满意。(Father was less than satisfied with his performance.) 2) 这个计划远不够完美。(The plan was a good deal less than perfect.) do well to do sth. 的意思是“…做”,如:She would do well to go away from these dishonest people.(她远离这些不诚实的人。) 本课主要词组 1. disagree with 2. be different from 3. succeed in 4. offer sth. to sb. 5. as much as 6. practice doing sth. 7. be similar to 8. first of all 9. depend on 10. instead of 11. wait for 12. look for 13. learn from 14. communicate with 15. be willing to 16. be interested in 17. in order to 18. on the other hand 19. less than 20. do well to do sth. 本课主要句型 A. 动名词做主语 1) Learning a language is easy. 2) Learning a language is a very difficult task. B. 定语从句 1) Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. 2) Some people who are intelligent and successful in their fields… 3) They are good guessers who find clues and form their own conclusions. 4) They find people who speak the language… 5) …they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. C. it 做形式宾语 1) …some people…find it difficult to succeed in… 2) They find it easy to practice using the language regularly… D. it 做形式主语 1) It is more important for them to learn to think… 2) It is necessary for them to learn the language… Text B Language 1. not only…but also (不但……而且) 例:To some people language learning is not only time-consuming, but also difficult. You can find the place not only with the help of a map, but also by asking the way. 2. up and down (上上下下,前前后后) 例:His eyes moved up and down the rows of people, looking for the escaped prisoner. He walked up and down the street, not knowing what decision he should make. 3. neither…nor (既不……也不) 例:Neither you nor I should be responsible for this accident. This book is neither interesting nor instructive. 4. mean to do sth.(打算做某事,想要做某事) 例:I meant to say “sorry” to him, but he didn't want to listen. He didn't mean to hurt you. 5. not at all(一点也不) 例:I am not at all tired. He was not at all frightened by the strange noise. 6. consist of(由……组成) 例:Our class consists of 20 boys and 26 girls. The medical team consists of 3 doctors and two nurses.

4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice, and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. 注意句中hundreds of hours的用法,阅读课本第六页注解2. 请翻译下面的词组: 1) 十个学生 ten students 数十个学生 tens of students 2) 五百年 five hundred years 数百年 hundreds of years 3) 两千年 two thousand years 数千年 thousands of years 4) 三百万美元 three million dollars 数百万美元 millions of dollars 5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. 句中be different from 意为“与…不同”,如:My opinion is different from yours.(我的观点与你的观点不同。) 请注意下面三个句子中所用的词组: Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language. Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language. The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language. 从上面的句子中可以看出differ是动词,different 是形容词,difference是名词。 6. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning. … find it difficult to succeed in other fields. 句中的it是形式宾语(formal object),真正的宾语(real object)是不定式to succeed in language learning,此类用法在英语中很常见,请注意掌握。如:At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.(开始我感到记住这些单词很难。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 外面的噪音使我无法继续工作。 (The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.) 2) 他们觉得再争论下去是浪费时间。 (They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.) 3) 她认为把真相告诉小王是对的。 (She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.) 7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners. 本句中注意掌握动词offer的用法,请看下面的例句: 1) He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. (我坐下后他给我端来一杯茶。) 2) What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers? (对这些新教师你有什么建议要提吗?) 3) This shop offers all kinds of stationery.(这家商店供应各种文具。) 4) The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike. (那个老人向我出价100元买这辆旧自行车。) 5) She offered to help me with my English.(她表示愿意帮我学英语。) 句中的advice为不可数名词,其后不加s,正如课本第六页注解3所说,有许多东西在汉语中是可数的,在英语中却是不可数的。如news, information, paper 等,若要表示“一个”这类概念,就必须加a piece of这类定语,例如: a piece of news a piece of advice a sum of money a piece of bread 8. Read as much as you can. 句中的much 是副词,用副词作同等比较时,可以用as … as和so … as 这种结构,如: 1) Read as much as you can and your vocabulary will be enlarged.(尽量多阅读,你的词汇量就会扩大。) 2) We must arrange everything as well as we can.(我们要把一切尽可能地安排好。) 3) Please give me a call as soon as possible.(请尽早给我打电话。) 4) I don't speak English so well as you.(我英语讲得没你好。) 9. Practice speaking the language every day. practice 在美国英语中可以做动词也可以做名词,而在英国英语中,practice是名词,动词的拼写则是practise. 作动词用时,其后只能跟动名词,不能跟不定式。如:It is really no fun to practice running in such hot weather.(在这样炎热的天气里练跑步可真不是好玩的。) 10. Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. that successful language learners are similar in many ways 是宾语从句。在非正式场合下that引导宾语从句时可省略。如:I think (that) you are right. 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 小男孩承认是他打碎了窗玻璃。 (The little boy admitted that he broke the window.) 2) 大量证据表明他是有罪的。(Plenty of evidence shows that he is guilty.) 3) 我保证将会给他更多的帮助。(I promised that I would give him more help.) 11. … they discover their own way to learn the language. to learn the language 不定式做定语,例如:Is it the best way to solve the problem?(这是解决问题的方法吗?) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 他没有勇气承认自己是无知的。(He has no courage to say that he is ignorant.) 2) 这将是一个交流思想的好机会。(This will be a good opportunity to exchange ideas.) 3) 他们在会上没有发言权。(They had no right to speak at the meeting.) 12. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain, they try to find the patterns and rules for themselves. 动词不定式to explain和名词 teacher构成复合结构,作wait for的宾语,称为复合宾语。此类用法在英语中很常见,例如: 1) I'll get someone to repair the bike for you.(我去找人来帮你修自行车。) 2) He wants you to call him in the afternoon.(他要你下午给他打电话。) 3) The teacher is waiting for the students to answer the questions. (老师在等学生们回答问题。) 4) You can count on him to give you full support.(你放心,他会给你全力支持。) 请注意 instead of 与 instead 的区别: 1) Instead of staying at home watching TV, he went out for a walk. He didn't stay at home watching TV, instead he went out for a walk. 2) Instead of having milk for breakfast, he had a cup of coffee. He didn't have milk for breakfast, instead he had a cup of coffee. 13. When they guess wrong, they guess again. wrong常常作形容词或动词用,而本句中的wrong则作副词用。请注意下面句子中wrong的词类: 1) He was annoyed that he had been given some wrong information.(wrong adj.错误的) 2) I knew I had wronged her terribly when I gave her all the complaints.(wrong v. 冤枉) 3) The whole class burst into laughter when the teacher pronounced her name wrong.(wrong adv.错,不对)

Unit7(第20讲—第22讲) 本课主要构词法 affixation (词缀法) 1. 名词后缀 -iondefinition 2. 名词后缀 -agemarriage 3. 名词后缀 -itysecurity 4. 形容词后缀 -alagricultural,industrial,traditional,social 5. 动词后缀 -izeindustrialize 本课简介 在Families这篇课文中,作者首先告诉我们对于不同的人来说“家庭”有不同的含义,但是家庭意味着某种归属这一点是所有人的共识。作者还对核心家庭和大家庭的演变进行了分析,从中我们更可以看出家庭成员在家庭中的角色和作用的变化。 本课语言点 1. …a group of people related by blood or marriage, … 句子中的by常可与某些名词连用,在名词前面不加定冠词the,意思相当于“with regard to”,“according to”。请看下面的例句: 1) He is an Englishman by birth. (他祖籍英国。) 2) He is a teacher by profession. (他以医生为职业。) 3) By birth and by education Thomas Jefferson belonged to the highest social class, but he never looked down upon the working-class people. (按其出生和所受的教育,托马斯·杰弗逊都属于社会的了阶层,但他从来不轻视劳动人民。) relate是一个动词,在句子中的意思是“使联系”。请看例句: 1)It is not difficult for people to relate the result to the cause. (人们要把结果和原因联系起来并不困难。) 2)It might be more helpful to you if you can relate theory to practice.(如果你能把理论和实践联系起来,对你的帮助也许会更大。) relate还可解释为叙述;有关,涉及;相处得好 1) He related us a story vividly. (他生动地给我们讲述了一个故事。) 2) His talk related to the international situation. (他的讲话涉及国际形势。) 3) He relates very well to his classmates. (他和同学们相处得很好。) related可以做形容词用,意思是“有联系的,相关的。” 1) These four people are closely related to each other. (这四个人联系紧密。) 2) He is very much interesting in painting and the related arts. (他对绘画及其有关的艺术很感兴趣。) 2. …all those people descended from a common ancestor, …所有来自同一祖先的人们。 “descended from a common ancestor”是一个省略了that的定语从句,修饰people.descended from的意思是“传下,遗传”,如: 1) His family were descended from an Indian tribe. (他的家庭是印第安部落的后裔。) 2) Darwin concluded that men were descended from apes. (达尔文断定人由猿进化而来。) descend to 的意思是“屈尊,降低;转而说到” 1) The firm had descended to using nude pictures for advertising. (那家公司堕落到用*照做广告。) 2)Mr. Lee then descended to the details we had to be careful about.(李先生转而谈到了我们必须注意的细节问题。) common是一个形容词,意思是“共有的,共同的;普通的”,请看例句: 1)No doubt, this is a grammatical mistake common to beginners in English. (毫无疑问,这是英语初学者常犯的语法错误。) 2)How could you have no idea about this common knowledge? (对这个普通常识你怎么会一无所知。) 3)They have no common interests. (他们没有共同的爱好。) 3. Some people thank of a family as a mother, a father, and their children, … think of …as …是一个很常用的词组,意思是“把…看作…”,如: 1) He often thinks of himself as a genius. (他常把自己看作为天才。) 2) The Yellow River is thought of as the cradle of the Chinese nation. (黄河被看作为中华民族的摇篮。) 与think of…as…意思相近的词组在英语中还有很多。如: regard…aslook upon…as… see…as…view…as… consider…as… 4. For others, having a family simply means having children. 本句中,having a family做主语,mean为谓语动词,having children 做宾语。mean在句中的意思是“意味着”。当mean作“意味着”解释时,在它的后面应该跟名词或者动名词,如: 1)Accepting the job would mean moving to another city. (接受这份工作将意味着我得搬到另一个城市去。) 2)A raise in the worker's salary will mean a cut in the profit. (增加工人的工资意味着利润的降低。) 当mean作“意欲,打算”解释时,在它的后面通常跟不定式,如: 1)I didn't mean to offend you. (我无意冒犯你。) 2)I meant to give you the book yesterday, but I forgot it. (我原打算昨天把书给你的,但我忘了。) 5. Some families have long histories, while others know very little about their ancestors. 请注意while的用法,在本句中while是一个表示转折意味的连词,意思是“然而”。如:Fred gambled all his money away while Jane saved every penny for her son's schooling. (弗雷德赌输了他所有的钱,而珍妮却为儿子的教育攒下每一分钱。) while在不同的语境中有不同的意思,请翻译下面的句子,注意while的词义。 1)They decided to find a less expensive place to stay while in Paris.(在巴黎期间,他们打算找个更便宜的地方住。) 2)He looked at his watch several times while talking to her. (在跟她交谈时,他看了几次表。) 3)One group of children are quiet, while the second group was very active. (一组孩子很安静,而第二组孩子非常活跃。) 4)While I have sympathy for these people, I think they are guilty. (尽管我同情这些人,但我觉得他们有罪。) 5)We will succeed while we don't lose hope. (只要我们不失去希望,我们就会成功。) 6. No matter if it is young or old, large or small traditional or modern, every family has a sense of what a family is. no matter if 连接让步状语从句,更常见的是用no matter whether.除了no matter whether以外,no matter wh-引导的让步状语从句还有:no matter what, no matter who, no matter whose, no matter which, no matter when, no matter where, no matter how等等。而用wh-ever引导让步从句也是十分常见的。请看下面的例句: 1) No matter what happens, please let me know. (无论发生什么事,请让我知道。) 2) No matter who telephones, tell him I'm out. (无论谁来电话,告诉他我出去了。) 3) No matter how hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. (无论我多努力,我总不能成功。) 4) No matter whether you believe it or not, it's truth. (无论你信不信,那总是事实。) 5) No matter where you go, I will follow you. (无论你去哪里,我都跟着你。) 6) No matter which book you like you can have it. (无论你喜欢哪本书,你都可以拿去。) 7) No matter whose money it is, we can't spend it so carelessly. (无论是谁的钱,我们都不能这样随意地花) 上述某些句子可以用wh-ever表述如下: 1) Whatever happens, please let me know. 2) Whoever telephones, tell him I'm out. 3) However hard I tried, I couldn't succeed. 4) Wherever you go, I will follow you. 5) Whichever book you like, you can have it. 7. It is that feeling of belonging, of love and security that comes from living together, helping and sharing. 本句中的it代指课文前一句中的a sense of what a family is. feeling of belonging 意思为“归属感”。 security 是一个名词,意思是“安全”。 that comes from living together, helping and sharing 是定语从句,修饰that feeling of belonging, of love and security. 8. However, with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society, many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work. 本句中的however是一个表示转折意味的副词,有承接上文的作用,可以使这个句子和前面的句子连接得更紧密,有些接近连词。请看例句: 1) This, however, is not your fault. (但这不是你的错。) 2) I'd like to go with you, however, my hands are full. (我很想和你一起去,可是我忙不过来。) 句中的with是一个介词,意思是“随着”,请看例句: 1)With the change of the economic foundation, the superstructure has to be transformed too.(随着经济基础的改变,上层建筑也必须改造。) 2)With the development of science and technology, the society is changing rapidly.(随着科学技术的发展,社会在迅速地改变。) with是一个十分常用的介词,请看下面的句子,注意with的用法和词意: 1)Who will go with you? (谁和你一起去?) 2)The teacher is very strict with us. (老师对我们很严格。) 3)At the news we all jumped with joy. (听了这个消息,我们都高兴得跳了起来。With表示原因。) 4)He wanted to kill two birds with one stone. (他想一举两得。With意为“用,以”,译法可灵活。) 5)China is a country with a large population. (中国是一个有众多人口的国家。With表示“有,带有”) 6)He finished this work with great difficulty. (他好不容易才完成了这项工作。With引起短语作方式状语。) 7)He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded. (他双手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。With引导独立结构:with+名词+过去分词,做方式状语。) 8)What's wrong with you? (你怎么了?with意为“就…来说”) 9)With your knowledge and experience, you are sure to find a good job. (以(凭)你的知识和经验,你肯定会找到一份好工作。) 10)With all his shortcomings, he was a nice person. (尽管他有缺点,他还是个不错的人。) 句子中的in order to find work做目的状语,除了用in order to 以外,还可以用so as to,也可以把in order,so as省去,只用不定式。请看例句: 1)He decided to study harder (so as ) to catch up with the others. (他决定加紧学习好赶上别人。) 2)He ran out in a hurry (in order) to catch the last bus. (为了赶上末班车,他匆匆向外跑去。) 9. Therefore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family as the society industrializes. 句子中的therefore是一个副词,通常用来表示后面将要表述的内容是前面已经表述的内容的结果,也可以用来引导一个结论。类似的表达还有:so,consequently,as a result 等等。请看例句: 1)It rained, therefore the football match was put off. (天下雨,所以足球比赛延期了。) 2)He is too careless, as a result he failed the exam. (他太粗心,所以考试没及格。) 3)He was ill for about a month, consequently he lagged behind his classmates.(他病了一个月,因此落在了同学后面。) as the society industrializes随着社会的工业化。as是一个连词,表示“当…时”。请看例句: 1)As time goes on, you'll like this place better. (随着时间的推移,你会更喜欢这个地方。) 2)As he talked on he got more and more excited. (他谈着的时候,越来越兴奋。) 本课中还有: 1)The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children. 2)As social scientists study these two new family forms, they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age. 10. social scientists now talk of two new family forms… 本句中的talk是一个不及物动词,在表达“谈论某人(某事)”时,talk后面应该用介词of或者about.请看例句: 1)What are you talking about? (你们在谈什么?) 2)They are talking of visiting Mr. Zhang. (他们正谈论去看张先生的事。) 3) What do you mean when you talk about culture? (你谈论文化时指的是什么?) Text B The Changing American Family 短语表达 1. all over We have friends all over the world. I have been looking all over for him. 2. provide for Father had to work very hard to provide food and clothes for the family. They are trying to provide some guidance for the newcomers. 3. be expected to Parents are expected to provide for their children. You are expected to be here before eight. 4. take care of The nurse took care of the old lady when her daughter was away. The cat and the dog were taken good care of. 5. on the other hand I don't think this proposal is workable. On one hand we don't have so much money, on the other hand time is too limited. 6. be considered to be He is considered to be the best candidate for the job. Father is considered to be a humorous and responsible person. 7. in addition (to) In addition, there are some magazines on the table. In addition to bread, we had some milk and eggs for breakfast. 8. make decision You have to make an immediate decision about the project. It is difficult for me to make a decision right now. 9. help with He hoped that his brother would help him with his math. At weekends I often help my mother with the housework. 10. in contrast In contrast with the low grade I got, Paul got a full mark on the biology test. Their club, in contrast, reached a membership of 2000 last year. 11. give up You will amount to nothing if you always give up easily. The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking. 12. get ready for He got up early in the morning in order to get ready for the exam. I haven't got ready for the interview yet. 13. be busy doing Mother is busy cooking in the kitchen. The teacher is busy distributing the test papers. 14. in conclusion She will say a few words about the arrangement in conclusion. In conclusion, the old people are happy in most of the Asian countries. 15. instead of Instead of getting the bike repaired he bought a new one. Who is going to the meeting instead of you?

自考英语重点笔记归纳

英语国家概况音频,英语阅读一音频讲座,英语阅读二音频讲座,英语写作基础音频讲座

2023年4月自考的考试时间在4月15日-16日,英语二是自考的必考课程,复习自考英语的时候,考生总觉得很难,其实自考考生要多背单词,短语和语法,多积累一些英语作文,就可以取得一个不错的成绩。现整理了一些自考英语二的高频知识点,考生可以记忆。自考英语二单词词汇整理Goal名词 目标,目的,球门,终点,得分。Objective 形容词客观的, 实体的,目标的。Accomplish 动词完成,达到(目的)。Predict动词预言,预测,预告。implement动词实施,执行,落实(政策)tendency名词倾向,趋势,性情,癖好。achievement名词完成,达到,成就,成绩。argue动词坚决主张,劝告,表明,******budget名词预算,预算案,拨款,一束+define动词规定, 使明确,精确的解释entity 名词实体,本质+in the way这样in part在某种程度上,部分地,一半pointofview观点contributeto 捐献,促成,投稿toapplyfor申请(职位)applyto 应用到to turndown拒绝,驳回,顶回去escape动词逃脱,(液体、气体)漏气, (未受伤或受了一点伤)逃脱;逃避;被忽视。explode动词发怒,激增,爆发exploded爆破了的。collapse动词折叠,倒塌,崩溃。shrink动词收缩,萎缩,退缩,缩水。gravity名词重力,万有引力。measurement名词量度,分量,尺寸,测量法basis名词基础,主要成分,基本原则base onlaunch动词发射,投入。convincing形容词令人相信的,有说服力的动词,使相信companion动词同伴,同行名词伙伴。speculation名词投机买卖(活动)心swallow动词,名词吞,咽。operate动词运转, 操作。to makeuseof利用,使用,假借a great many许多,很多aboveall首要的是,尤其,最重要的是。weaken动词(使) 削弱(变弱),衰减。deteriorate动词使恶化,变坏。debate动词,名词讨论, 辩论+legal形容词法律上的,合法的名词合法权利request名词要求,需要动词请求。criterion名词(批判,批评)准则,标准。ensure动词确保,担保。oppose动词反对tradition 名词传统,惯例。consideration名词考虑,考察,关心,照顾。disable动词使无能力,使残废。burden动词使烦恼,劳累名词负担,包袱。vulnerable形容词易受攻击的,易受伤的vulnerability名词弱点,攻击。prohibition名词禁令,禁律sensitive形容词敏感的,易受影响to debate on对某个辩题辩论debate about辩论关于to make request for sb.给某人提出要求make a requestto sb./for sth.向某人(为某事)提出请求be opposed to反对….背道而驰to take .. into account把…考虑进去。abuse:vt./n.滥用,妄用;虐待,凌辱academic:a.学院的,学会的;学术的accent:n.重音;口音acceptable:a.可以接受的accessible:a.易接近的;易受影响的(to);可理解的accident:n.意外;偶然事故accompany:vt.陪伴,陪同;伴随,一起发生;伴奏accomplish:vt.完成(任务等)achieve:vt.完成achievement:n.完成,达到;成就,成绩achive:vt.完成,实现,达到,得到acid:n.酸,酸性物质 a.酸的acknowledge:vt.承认;表示感谢acquaintance:n.认识,了解;相识的人,熟人acquire:vt.获得,得到acronym:n.首字母缩略词wander:vi.漫游,徘徊,漫步;离题want:v.想要war:n.战争warden:n.保管人;管理人;看守人;监护人warfare:n.战争,作战,交战;斗争,竞争warm:a.温暖的warmth:n.暖和,温暖;热烈,热情warn:vt.警告;注意Warren Harding:沃伦·哈定wash:v.&n.洗涤自学考试英语二备考句型过渡句入门:1. ..may further be supported by………可以进一步证实……2.However, why is…important/indispensable/necessary?但是为什么……很重要(必不可少、有必要)?3.As a proverb says…/As is well known to us…正如一句名言所说(正如我们所知)……4.People should pay more attention to the..because…人们应该增加对……的重视,因为……进阶:1.Besides/In addition/Apart from this, other ways/aspects/functions are…除此之外,另外一些方法(方面、作用)是……2. …is but one of many effects.Another i……只不过是其中一个影响。另一个是……3.Another equally important aspect/function is…另一个同样重要的方面(作用)是……4.Closely connected with/related to/associated with this factor is…与这个因素密切相关的另一个因素是…报考考试有疑问、不知道如何考点内容、不清楚报考考试当地政策,点击底部咨询猎考网,免费获取个人学历提升方案:

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阐述了大学英语四六级考试的性质、考试题型、命题原则和试题难度,向考生提供了试题的答案,介绍了在大学考试中常见的词汇。

自考英语重点笔记总结

Unit1 Text A How to be a successful language learner? 本课主要单词 1. successful adj. 成功的 He is a successful writer. (他是一个有成就的作家。) He hopes he will be successful this time. (他希望他这次能够成功。) success n. 成功 Their film is a great success.(他们的影片很成功。) We are sure of success. (我们一定能成功。) succeed v. 成功 I succeeded in getting the job. (我成功地得到了这份工作。) She succeeded in passing the exam. (她考试及格了。) 2. adult adj. & n. 成年的,成熟的;成年人 These adult films are not suitable for children.(这些成人电影,儿童不宜观看。) Don''t worry too much about him, he is an adult now.(别为他过分担心,他是成年人了。) 3. disagree vi. 有分歧,不同意;不符,不一致 agree vi. 同意 I disagree with you about this.〔对于这件事,我跟你的意见不同。〕 These figures disagree with last week''s results.(这些数据与上周的结果不符。) I agree with what you said. (我同意你所说的。) She agreed to the plan.(她赞成这个计划。) We haven''t agreed on the date of the meeting.(我们还没商定会议的日期。) agreement n. 同意;协议 disagreement n. 不同意 We haven''t reached an agreement yet.(我们还没达成协议。) There was no disagreement, and the proposal was accepted.(没有不同意见,这个建议被接受了。) (请注意:前缀dis-通常可以加在动词,名词,形容词前面,构成反意词。例如:dissatisfy,disorder,disable. 后缀-ment加在动词的后面,构成名词。例如:arrangement,argument 等。) 4. statement n. 声明,陈述 (由动词state 加名词后缀-ment构成) Very soon he made his first public statement about the affair. (他很快就此事件首次发表公开声明。) Do you believe the witness''s statement? (你相信证人的陈述吗?) (请注意动词与名词的搭配:issue a statement, make a statement) 5. guarantee n. & v. 保证,担保,保修 He gave his guarantee that he would repay the money as soon as he could.(他保证他会尽快还钱。) The washing machine is guaranteed for five years.(这台洗衣机保用5年。) (请注意guarantee做动词的用法:guarantee sth.,guarantee that, guarantee against / from ) 6. intelligent adj. 聪明的,明智的 He made an intelligent decision.(他做出了明智的决定。) Human beings are much more intelligent than animals.(人类远比动物聪明。) Intelligence n. 聪明,智力 She prided herself on her intelligence.(她为自己的聪明感到自豪。) Intelligently adv. 聪明地,明智地 They dealt with the problem intelligently.(他们明智地处理了这个问题。) 7. conversely adv. 相反地 Some are wealthy but unhappy; conversely, others are happy but not wealthy. (有的人富有但不快乐,相反,另一些人快乐但不富有。) converse adj. 相反的 I hold the converse opinion.(我的观点相反。) converse v. 交谈,谈话 He felt it difficult to converse with Helen in English.(他觉得跟海伦用英语交谈很困难。) 8. similar adj. 相似的,类似的 The two animals are similar to each other in appearance.(这两只动物外表很相似。) similarity n. 相似,类似 Their differences are more noticeable than their similarities.(他们的不同之处比相同之处更明显。) 9. independent adj. 独立的,自主的 (这个词的词根是depend,在depend的后面加上后缀 -ent可以构成形容词,加上 -ence则可以构成名词;在dependent,dependence前面加上前缀 in- 又可以构成反义词。) depend v. 依靠,依赖 dependence n. 依靠,依赖 dependent adj. 依靠的,依赖的 independence n. 独立,自主 India won its independence in 1947.(印度于1947年赢得了独立。) 10. clue n. 线索,提示 The police searched all the houses but found no clues.(警察搜索了所有的房屋,但是没有发现任何线索。) (注意用法:find /give a clue to sth.) 11. conclusion n. 结论,推论 conclude v. 断定,决定 (注意用法:come to a conclusion,jump at a conclusion,draw a conclusion,reach a conclusion) What conclusions did you come to?(你得出了什么结论?) 12. communicate v. 交流,交际,通讯 communication n. 交流,通讯 communicative adj. 爱说话的 To communicate with him is no easy job, as he is not a communicative person.(他是一个不爱说话的人,与他交流可不容易。) Speech and writing are man''s most important methods of communication.(说和写是人类最重要的交流方式。) 13. inexact adj. 不正确的,不精确的 与independent一样,该词是由形容词 exact加前缀in- 构成的。 14. incomplete adj. 不完整的 complete adj.& v. 完整的;完成 This is an incomplete sentence, please add the omitted part and make it complete. 〔这是一个不完整的句子,请加上省略的成分使其完整。〕 I don''t think I can complete the work in 2 hours. 〔我想我在两小时内干不完这活。〕 15. purpose n. 目的,意图,用途 purposeful adj. 有目的的,有意图的 purposefully adv. 有目的地,蓄意地 The purpose of the meeting was to discuss his proposal.〔会议的目的是讨论他的建议。〕 He let out the information purposefully to you.〔他有意向你透露了这个消息。〕 16. regularly adv. 经常地,定期地 regular adj. 经常的,定期的 irregular adj. 不规则的,无规律的 If you review your lessons regularly, you will do well on tests. 〔如果你定期复习功课,就能在考试中取得好成绩。〕 17. technique n. 技术,技巧,手艺 Good study techniques help him to be one of the straight A students in his class. 〔良好的学习技巧使他成为班上的全优生之一。〕 18. outline v.& n. 概括;大纲,提纲;轮廓 He listened carefully as I outlined my reasons.〔在我简述我的原因时,他认真地听着。〕 The English teacher asked us to write a brief outline of the story. 〔英语老师让我们写这篇故事的概要。〕 He saw the outline of the house in the moonlight.(在月光下,他看到了那座屋子的轮廓。) 本课主要词缀 1. 名词后缀 -ment agreement, statement 2. 名词后缀 -ation, -ion, -sion communication, completion, conclusion 3. 名词后缀 -ity similarity, regularity 4. 名词后缀 -ence intelligence, independence 5. 形容词后缀 -ful successful, purposeful 6. 副词后缀 -ly conversely, regularly, purposefully 7. 反义词前缀 in inexact, incomplete, independent 8. 反义词前缀 dis disagree, discover 本课简介 How to Be a Successful Language Learner 是一篇典型的说明文。此类文章通常以逻辑顺序安排材料,作者要回答HOW或WHY方面的问题。在说明文的阅读与写作中,要注意抓主题句以及使文章内容启承转合的常用词句。 本课中,作者从一句引言入手,先谈了人们对语言学习的看法,然后阐述了自己对学好语言的看法。文章条理十分清楚,对我们学写说明文很有帮助。 本课语言点 1. Learning a language is easy. 这是一个 主语+动词+表语 (SVP)句型。句中learning a language为动名词短语,在句子中做主语。再如: Forgetting the past means betrayal.(忘记过去就意味着背叛。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 阅读英语比讲英语容易。 (Reading English is easier than speaking it.) 2) 集邮是我弟弟的爱好。(Collecting stamps is my little brother''s hobby.) 2. Even a child can do it. even在句中作副词用,加强语气,表示“甚至(…也),连(…都)”。如:He even didn''t trust his best friend.(他甚至不信任他的朋友。) 请注意even与 even if / though的区别并翻译下面的句子: 1) 这个我连听都没听过。(I haven''t even heard of it.) 2) 即使花了数天时间复习,他也没能考好。(He didn''t do well in the exam even though he spent days reviewing.) 3. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. 句中who are learning a second language为定语从句,修饰先行词most adults,再如: The man who wrote this book is a teacher.(写这本书的人是一位教师。) 请翻译下面的句子: 1) 穿蓝色夹克的那个男孩是我们的班长。 (The boy who is in a blue jacket is our monitor.) 2) 你昨天借给我的那本书很有趣。 (The book that you lent me yesterday is very interesting.) 句中的would是助动词,表示“可能”,“(将)会”。例如: A picnic without you wouldn''t be fun.(野餐没你参加会很没意思。) 助动词would的用法很多,概括起来主要有如下几种: 1) 表示过去将来时:I felt confident that everything would be all right. 2) 表示意愿:I asked him not to do it, but he wouldn''t listen to me. 3) 表示习惯性:Every evening, we would go for a walk along the river. 4) 表示虚拟,假设,条件:If you had come earlier, you would have seen him. 5) 表示婉转地请求或建议:Would you look after my cat while I am away?

3. Diamonds are made from carbon. 由……制成,可以用be made from和be made of两个词组来表达。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么,而be made of可以看出该物品由什么材料制成的。如: 1) Paper is made from some plants. (纸是由某些植物制成的。) 2) This beer is made from grain. (这种啤酒是用粮食酿制的。) 3) The houses were made of brick. (这些房屋是砖造的。) 4) This toy is made of cotton. (这个玩具是布做的。) 4. Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds. extreme在句中做形容词用,意思是“极度的”,如: 1) Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. (极度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的动物苏醒。) 2) They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. (冬天时,他们将不得不忍受极度的不适。) change…into意思是“把…转变为…”,如: 1) Water changes into vapour when heated. (水加热后转变为蒸气。) 2) Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. (你去银行就能很容易地把这些美元换成人民币。) 5. Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot, liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth. 请注意such与so之间的不同用法。such后面接名词,而so后面接形容词或副词。如: 1) I don't believe he could make such a mistake. (我相信他不会犯这样的错误的。) 2) How can you go out on such a rainy day? (在这样的雨天里,你怎么能出门?) 3) He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. (他说话太快,我听不懂。) 4) I'm so glad you could come. (你能来我真高兴。) mass在本句中的意思是“(聚成一体的)团、块”,比如: 1) a mass of hot air(一团热气) 2) a mass of sand(一堆沙) 3) Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. (一团云聚集大量的水蒸气就形成了雨。) Mass也可以做形容词用,意思是“群众的”、“大量的”,如: 1) a mass meeting (群众大会) 2) mass education (大众教育) 3) mass media (大众传媒) 4) Mass production could very well cut the cost. (大规模生产可以降低成本。) 6. It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust. It is thought that…是一个很常用的句型,类似的句型在英语中很多,比如: 1) It is / was, has been…, reported that… 2) It is / was, has been…, stated that… 3) It is / was, has been…, pointed out that… 4) It is / was, has been…, mentioned that… 5) It is / was, has been…, believed that… 7. A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed. B. The first known area was in India, where diamonds were found thousands of years ago. 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。A句是限定性定语从句,B句是非限定性定语从句。A、B两句中都是用关系副词where来引导定语从句,修饰表示地点的名词。请看下面的句子,注意限定性定语从句一般不用逗号隔开: 1) Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit? (附近有什么商店可以买到水果吗?) 2) This is the place where we met yesterday. (这是我们昨天碰头的地方。) 3) The small town, where he once worked, has turned to be a modern city. (他曾经工作过的那座小城,已经变成现代化的城市了。) 8. In the 1600's…(十七世纪) In the 1720's…(十八世纪二十年代) In the 1800's…(十九世纪) 请注意年代的表达方法,以上的年代也可以表达为in the 1600s; in the 1720s; in the 1800s.如果我们要表达“在十七世纪初(中、末)期”,则可以说in the early(mid, late) 1600's/1600s. 9. Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe. become / be popular with / among是一个常用词组,意思是“受…欢迎”,请看下面的句子: 1) These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. (这些中国工艺品很受外国朋友的喜爱。) 2) His novels are popular among young people. (他的小说很受年轻人的喜爱。) 3) Classical music is popular among more and more people. (古典音乐受到越来越多的人的喜爱。) 10. India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2,500 yeas of mining the stones. Supply在句子中做名词用,意思是“供应”。Supply常常可以做动词用,意思是“供给,提供”。请看下面的句子: 1) Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. (如果供求关系平衡的话,就能实现经济的稳定。) 2) Many materials are in short supply. (许多材料供应不足。) 3) The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. (不断增长的世界人口将对粮食供应带来重负。) 4) You have to supply him with an answer. (你得给他提供一个答案。) 5) Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. (大多数城镇都有自来水和电力供应。) run out是一个常用词组,意思是“用完,用尽”。请看例句: 1) Time is running out. We have to hurry. (时间快到了,我们得快点。) 2) My patience is running out. (我快要耐不住了。) 3) His luck seemed to have run out. (他的好运似乎结束了。) 我们也可以用run out来表达类似的意思,但run out of的主语应该是“某人”。如: 1) They have run out of money, so they have to find a job. (他们钱用完了,所以得找一份工作。) 2) I have run out of ink. (我的墨水用完了。) 11. People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds. -ful通常加在名词后面,构成形容词,如care-careful,help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一个名词,意思是“一把”,在单词部分,我们已经提到过,英语中有不少这样的词,如: 1) He gave me a basketful of beaches. (他给了我满满一篮子桃子。) 2) She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. (她往汤里撒了满满一勺盐。) 3) Tom is carrying an armful of books. (汤姆抱着一捆书。) sort out是一个常用词组,意思是“整理,分类”,如: 1) Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. (把大点的整理出来,放在盒子里。) 2) It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. (把我们所有的行李整理好花了不少时间。) bottom在句子中做名词用,意思是“底部”。bottom还有“尽头、末端”的意思。请看例句: 1) There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. (茶壶底部有些沉淀物。) 2) At the bottom of the mountain, there is a beautiful village. (在山脚下有个美丽的村子。) 3) I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. (我衷心地感谢你。) 4) Bottoms up. (干杯。) 12. These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20,000 years ago. where they were formed是where引出的名词性从句,作介词from的宾语。请看下面的句子: 1) He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. (他对事故在哪儿发生的只字未提。) 2) She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. (她还没有决定到哪儿去度假。)

10.solution n. 解决办法 solve v. 解决 1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借贷只能暂时解决这个国家的经济困难。) 2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (经过一天的仔细考虑,他才想出一个好办法。) 3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我们应该一起解决我们国家的问题。) 4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解决这个问题。) 5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他们找到了解决这个问题的新办法。) (请注意用solution这个名词时,通常用a solution to a problem表示“问题的解决办法。”。) 11.adapt v. 使适应,使适合;改写 1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我们应该使自己的思想适应新的情况。) 2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment. (一些动物改变它们的习性以适应环境。) 3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想适应新的生活方式吗?) 4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他们把小说改编为电影。) 请注意adapt 和adopt的区别,adopt意为“采用;收养”。 1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他们准备采用新的养蚕技术。) 2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。) 12. perfect adj. 完美的;完全的 v. 使完美,改善 1)He speaks perfect English. (他说一口地道的英语。) 2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由这位演员担任这一角色再理想不过了。) 3)He is in perfect health. (他身体十分健康。) 4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是个完全陌生的人。) 5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. (他们决定把儿子送到英国去提高他的英语水平。) 13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 accept v. 接受 1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (这个建议大家都能接受。) 2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (汤姆在测验中的分数尚可。) 3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (别以为在电视上看到的一切都是真实的。) 4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我没指望他接受我的建议。) 5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (这个计划受到了人们的普通欢迎。) 6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地点头表示赞同。) 14. evidence n. 发现;(调查或研究)结果;根据 evident adj. 明显的 1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你这样说有任何根据吗?) 2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。) 3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (显然,我们彼此不了解。) 4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他带着明显的失望说话。) 5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best. (我们有充分的证据说明他们的工作是的。) 15. determine v. 决定;确定 determined adj. 下决心的 determination n. 决心;结论 1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已决定了行动计划。) 2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事实。) 3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父亲决心戒烟。) 4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化验报告后下了结论。) 5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是个有决断力的人。) 16. growth n. 生长 grow v. 生长 1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游业的发展实在令人惊异。) 2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems. (世界人口的迅速发展带来了越来越多的问题。) 3)His hair has grown too long. (他的头发长得太长了。) 4)Friendship grew between them. (他们之间产生了友情。) 5)You will grow used to it. (你会渐渐对此习惯的。) 本课主要构词法 Affixation 词缀法 1. 形容词后缀 -able disagreeable acceptable 2. 副词后缀 -ly scientifically previously entirely frequently 3. 名词后缀 -ion imagination solution 4. 反义词前缀 un- unknown unpleasant 本课简介 在“Scientific Attitudes”这篇课文中,作者指出科学始于人类对周围环境的疑问。当人类具有去伪存真的能力时,科学也开始迅猛发展。好奇和想像是有助于推动科学发现和发展重要素质。作者还认为具有科学头脑的人相信“因果”关系。任何现象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被发现。思想开放、无偏见;尊重别人的观点;凡事以事实为依据都是科学的态度。 人物背景 1.Benjamin Franklin:富兰克林(1706-1790年),美国政治家及科学家。美国18世纪名列华盛顿后的最的人物,参加起草独立宣言。在科学方面进行过有名的电实验,并对电做了理论说明。只受过极短的正规教育,全靠勤奋自学成才。法国经济学家杜尔哥颂扬他“从天空抓到雷电,从专制统治者手中夺回权力”。 2.Thomas Edison:爱迪生(1847-1931年),美国发明家。技术历史中显著的天才之一,拥有白炽灯、留声机、电影放映机等1093种发明专利,还创办了世界上第一个工业研究实验室。 3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理学家及天文学家。对现代科学思想的发展作出过重大贡献。最早用望远镜观察天体,并曾用大量事实证明地球环绕太阳转,否定地心说。 4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法国化学家及微生物学家。证明发酵及传染病是微生物引起的,创始并首先应用疫苗接种以预防狂犬病、鸡霍乱等,挽救了法、英等国的养蚕业和啤酒业。 5.Edward Jenner:金纳(1749-1823年),英国医生,牛痘接种法创始人。历经周折使牛痘接种法得以公认,并传播到欧美大陆及全世界,使天花的病死率大为下降。

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