译文：全部真相和我们的消失之夜。
重点词汇：Whole
［hoʊl］
n.（美、巴、比、澳）霍尔（人名）
adj.（whole）完整的；纯粹的
n.（whole）整体；全部
短语：
whole note全音符；音乐中全音符
词语使用变化：night
n.（名词）
1、night意为“夜晚”，所指的时间一般从下午6点到第二天上午6点，也可指从日落到日出这段时间，还可指从夜间睡下到次日起床这段时间。night是抽象名词，故其前通常不加the，但特指时则要加the。
2、在美式英语中其复数nights可用作状语，意思是“每夜”。
3、night引申可指“黑暗时期，令人悲伤痛苦的经历”。
1.或许爱上的不是你，而是恋爱的感觉罢了. Maybe I didin't fall in love with you, it is just the feeling of being in love2.许多人都这样对我说 Many people told me this.3.我很想保护你，但是又无法在你身边，或许我们只是有缘无份. I want to protect you, but I can't stay beside you. Maybe we are not destine to be.4.爱情对我来说，只是麻醉剂. To me, love is just Anesthetic5.感谢你曾经给我的回忆和快乐. Thank you for all the memories and happiness that you brought to me6.我有了很多朋友，缺少了爱情我想我也可以活得很快乐. I have many friends, even without love I think I can also be happy.7.我想你会对我说：对不起，我不是有意伤害你的. 不，在爱情上不存在谁对得起谁，谁对不起谁，更没有对错. I think you will say to me: I am sorry, I didn't meant to hurt you.No, in love there is no such thing as who is not sorry for who, who is sorry for who, there is no wrong or right.8.你知道么？我可以因为你的一句话，一个动作.开心一整天，、. Do you know? Because of you every word and every movement I can be happy all day9.爱得死去活来，反而把自己变得渺小. When fall in love too deeply, oneself will seem insignificant10.放过你，也就是放过自己..Maybe letting you go is also letting myself go...
1.Maybe I don't love you,just the feeling of love.2.A lot of people said it to me.3.I really want to protect you,but I can't stay with you,5.Thank you for your memory and happy to me.6.I have a lot of friends,I can enjoy happy days without love.中学生的能力，不具权威，只供参考！
高级英语学习的重点已从基本的英语语音，词汇，语法的掌握上升到：一、 阅读理解及词汇应用：能够区分、应用同、近义词；很好地理解文章的主题与内容。二、 提高英语的表达能力：学员应能用英语解释英语难句，进行有一定难度的英汉互译，用英语对文章内容进行归纳，并对文章进行简要的分析、评论。高级英语学习方法学习时应该注意下列一些方面：首先，牢记教材是根本。以前，教材单调，教辅条件简陋，照样培养出学贯东西的语言大师来。现在英语读物多了，时尚的学习工具多了，英语并没有变得容易学了。究其原因是人们的心态变了，变得浮躁了。对什么都这山望着那山高，今天这个时髦得学习方法，明天那本最新教材。殊不知一切方法都建立在一定的基础上的，一个人的兴趣、悟性、修行没有到达那个层面，再美好的东西跟你也是无缘。而且从高级英语考试大纲规定来看，以教材为本这一思想也是显而易见的，试卷中60%分值的题目都是根据教材中课文内容设计的。其次，要培养自己对教材中三十二篇课文的兴趣和热爱。这些课文不但是帮助我们学好英文语言知识，而且帮助我们学到很多为人处世的道理。通过精读、熟记这些课文，不但可以扩大词汇量、掌握许多句型结构，而且在与他人交谈时不再是只会一点‘乒乓英语’ —— 几个来回，‘短平快’就说不下去了，而是能够使自己说的话既有深度，又有广度，同时有能通过《高级英语》自学考试。以后，我们谈到摇滚不只会说‘闹心’，谈到电视只会说‘费时’，谈到国际政治只会说‘虚伪’，而是可以做到探讨每一个话题的多个方面。
lesson5 宁为黑人不为女子 Lesson Five I'd Rather Be Black than Female 我是第一位当选国会议员的黑人妇女，这使我不同凡响。 Being the first black woman elected to Congress has made me some kind of phenomenon. 国会中还有九位黑人议员和十位妇女议员，但我是第一位同时克服两个不利因素的人。 There are nine other blacks in Congress； there are ten other women. I was the first to overcome both handicaps at once. 在这两种不利因素中，是个女人比是黑人更糟。 Of the two handicaps， being black is much less of a drawback than being female. 如果我说做黑人比做妇女更糟糕，也许没有人会对我的说法提出质疑。 If I said that being black is a greater handicap than being a woman， probably no one would question me. 为什么呢？因为“众所周知”，美国存在着对黑人的歧视。 Why？ Because “we all know” there is prejudice against black people in America. 说美国存在着对妇女的歧视对于几乎所有男人——还有大多数女人来说——却是不可思议的。 That there is prejudice against women is an idea that still strikes nearly all men – and， I am afraid， most women – as bizarre. 许多年以来，多数人看不到社会存在着对黑人的歧视。 Prejudice against blacks was invisible to most white Americans for many years. 当黑人终于通过静坐*、联合抵制和自由乘车*的方式以示*，来提及这个问题时，他们觉得简直难以置信。 When blacks finally started to “mention” it， with sit-ins， boycotts， and freedom rides， Americans were incredulous. “谁，我们？”他们委屈地问道。 “Who， us？” they asked in injured tones. “我们歧视黑人？”对美国白人来说，这是漫长而痛苦的再教育的开始。 “We're prejudiced？” It was the start of a long， painful reeducation for white America. 他们，包括那些自认为是自由主义者的白人——还需要许多年才能发现并消除他们实际上都持有的种族主义态度。 It will take years for whites – including those who think of themselves as liberals – to discover and eliminate the racist attitudes they all actually have. 消除对妇女的歧视的困难有多大？我确信这将会是一场更持久的斗争。 How much harder will it be to eliminate the prejudice against women？ I am sure it will be a longer struggle. 部分问题在于比起黑人来美国妇女被洗脑的程度更深，且更满足于她们次等公民的角色。 Part of the problem is that women in America are much more brainwashed and content with their roles as second – class citizens than blacks ever were. 我来解释一下。 Let me explain. 二十多年来我一直积极参与政治活动。 I have been active in politics for more than twenty years. 除了最后的那六年，其余那些年干活的是我，我干的是所有无聊琐碎但对竞选胜负至关重要的工作——可得到好处的却是男人，这几乎就是政界妇女一直以来的命运。 For all but the last six， I have done the work – all the tedious details that make the difference between victory and defeat on election day – while men reaped the rewards， which is almost invariably the lot of women in politics. 在美国政界，大部分的工作仍然是由妇女来做——大约300万志愿者。 It is still women – about three million volunteers – who do most of this work in the American political world. 她们中任何人所能期待的结果是有幸当选为区或县的副主席，这是一个隔离却平等的职位，是给那些多年来一直忠实从事装信封和组织牌局工作的妇女的奖赏。 The best any of them can hope for is the honor of being district or county vice-chairman， a kind of separate-but-equal position with which a woman is rewarded for years of faithful envelope stuffing and card-party organizing. 在这种职位上，她可以享受公费出差去参加州或全国性的会议或代表大会，在这些场合她的作用就是和她单位的男主席投一样的票。 I n such a job， she gets a number of free trips to state and sometimes national meetings and conventions， where her role is supposed to be to vote the way her male chairman votes. 1963年，当我企图摆脱这一角色代表布鲁克林的贝德富锡—斯图维桑特参加竞选纽约州众议院的席位时，遇到了极大的阻力。 When I tried to break out of that role in 1963 and run for the New York State Assembly seat from Brooklyn's Bedford-Stuyvesant， the resistance was bitter. 从竞选一开始，我就要面对他们毫不掩饰的对女性的敌意。 From the start of that campaign， I faced undisguised hostility because of my sex. 但是在四年以后，当我竞选国会议员时，性别问题才成了一个主要争端。 But it was four years later， when I ran for Congress， that the question of my sex became a major issue. 我所在党派的党员召开秘密会议讨论如何阻止我参加竞选。 Among members of my own party， closed meetings were held to discuss ways of stopping me. 我的对手，的人权运动领袖詹姆士？法默竭力把自己塑造成一个具有男子汉气概的黑人形象；他坐着带有扩音器的卡车在附近地区巡回，车上满载着留着非洲发式、穿颜色花哨的宽袍和蓄胡子的年轻人。 My opponent， the famous civil-rights leader James Farmer， tried to project a black， masculine image； he toured the neighborhood with sound trucks filled with young men wearing Afro haircuts， dashikis， and beards. 电视台记者对我不屑一顾，他们忽略了一个非常重要的数据，而对此我和我的竞选经纪人韦斯利？麦克唐纳？霍尔德却很清楚。 While the television crews ignored me， they were not aware of a very important statistic， which both I and my campaign manager， Wesley MacD. Holder， knew. 在我这个区内，登记参加投票选举的人中男女的比例是1∶2.5.而且那些妇女是有组织的——是教师家长协会、教会社团、牌局俱乐部以及其他社会服务性团体的成员。我去找她们寻求帮助。 n my district there are 2.5 women for every man registered to vote. And those women are organized – in PTAs， church societies， card clubs， and other social and service groups I went to them and asked their help. 法默先生到现在仍然不知道他是如何被击败的。 Mr. Farmer still doesn't quite know what hit him. 当一位聪明的年轻女大学生开始找工作时，为什么第一个问题总是“你会打字吗？” When a bright young woman graduate starts looking for a job， why is the first question always： “Can you type？” 在这个问题背后是一整部妇女受歧视的历史。 A history of prejudice lies behind that question. 为什么被看成是秘书而不是管理者？为什么被看成是图书管理员和教师而不是律师？ Why are women thought of as secretaries， not administrators？Librarians and teachers， but not doctors and lawyers？ 因为她们被认为是不一样的，低人一等的。 Because they are thought of as different and inferior. 快乐的家庭主妇和心满意足的黑鬼都是由歧视产生的典型人物。 The happy homemaker and the contented darky are both stereotypes produced by prejudice. 妇女甚至还没有达到黑人所达到的象征性的平等水平。 Women have not even reached the level of tokenism that blacks are reaching. 法院中没有妇女，只有两名妇女曾担任内阁的职位，但现在一个也没有。 No women sit on the Supreme Court. Only two have held Cabinet rank， and none do at present. 只有两位妇女担任大使。 Only two women hold ambassadorial rank. 妇女主要从事工资低、伺候人、没有前途的工作。即使她们获得较好的职位，他们的工资也总是比同样工作的男人低。 But women predominate in the lower-paying， menial， unrewarding， dead-end jobs， and when they do reach better positions， they are invariably paid less than a man for the same job. 这不是歧视又是什么？ If that is not prejudice， what would you call it？ 几年前，我与一位政治领袖谈论有关一个有前途的青年妇女做候选人的事。 A few years ago， I was talking with a political leader about a promising young woman as a candidate. “为什么要花费时间和精力去树立这个女孩的威信？”他问道，“你很清楚她只会在我们打算让她竞选市长时退出竞选去而生孩子。” “Why invest time and effort to build the girl up？” he asked me. “You know she'll only drop out of the game to have a couple of kids just about the time we're ready to run her for mayor.” 对于我，许多人说了类似的话。 Plenty of people have said similar things about me. 每次当我试图向上迈一步时，许多人劝我回去教书，说那才是妇女的职业，把政治留给男人。 Plenty of others have advised me， every time， I tried to take another upward step， that I should go back to teaching， a woman's vocation and leave politics to the men. 我热爱教书，只要我确信这个国家再也不需要女人作贡献时，我就会去教书。 I love teaching， and I am ready to go back to it as soon as I am convinced that this country no longer needs a women's contribution. 当在这个富足的国家里，当没有孩子饿着肚子上床睡觉时，我可能会回去教书。 When there are no children going to bed hungry in this rich nation， I may be ready to go back to teaching. 当每一个孩子都能上好学校时，我也许会回去教书。 When there is a good school for every child， I may be ready. 当我们不再将钱财耗费在武器装备上来杀人时，当我们不再容忍对少数民族的歧视时，当惩治住房和雇佣不公行为的法律得以实施而不是被束之高阁时，那么我在政治上也就再没什么可做的了 When we do not spend our wealth on hardware to murder people， when we no longer tolerate prejudice against minorities， and when the laws against unfair housing and unfair employment practices are enforced instead of evaded， then there may be nothing more for me to do in politics. 但是在那以前——我们都知道那不是今年或是明年——我们需要的是更多的妇女投身于政治，因为妇女可以作出特殊的贡献。 But until that happens – and we all know it will not be this year or next – what we need is more women in politics， because we have a very special contribution to make. 我希望自己成功的例子能使其他的妇女愿意参与政治活动——不仅仅是装信封，而是竞选政府职位。 I hope that the example of my success will convince other women to get into politics – and not just to stuff envelopes， but to run for office. 妇女能将同情、宽容、远见、忍耐和毅力带到政府中——这是我们与生俱有的品质或是在男人的压制下不得不培养出来的品质。 It is women who can bring empathy， tolerance， insight， patience， and persistence to government – the qualities we naturally have or have had to develop because of our suppression by men. 一个国家的妇女通过她们在生活中的行为来塑造这个国家的道德、宗教和政治。 The women of a nation mold its morals， its religion， and its politics by the lives they live. 目前， 我们国家在政治上也许比其他任何方面更需要妇女的理想主义和决心。 At present，our country needs women's idealism and determination，perhaps more in politics than anywhere else.
第十个人 Lesson Ten The Tenth Man 就在第二天下午3点（闹钟上的时间），一个军官走进了牢房。这是他们几星期以来见到的第一位军官。他非常年轻，甚至小胡子的形状也显示出他不够老练，左边的胡子剃得重了点。 It was at three the next afternoon （alarm clock time） that an officer entered the cell； the first officer they had seen for weeks – and this one was very young， with inexperience even in the shape of his mustache which he had shaved too much on the left side. 他就像一个初次登台领奖的小学生一样窘迫不安，他说起话来粗鲁无礼，似乎要显示一种他并不具备的力量。 He was as embarrassed as a schoolboy making his first entry on a stage at a prize-giving， and he spoke abruptly so as to give the impression of a strength he did not possess. 他说道：“昨天夜间城里发生了几起谋杀，一名军事长官的副手、一位中士和一个骑自行车的女孩被杀。”他又说道：“我们不在乎女孩的死。法国男人杀死法国女人不关我们的事。” He said， “There were murders last night in the town. The aide-de-camp of the military governor， a sergeant and a girl on a bicycle.” He added， “We don't complain about the girl. Frenchmen have our permission to kill Frenchwomen.” 很明显他事先仔细斟酌了他的讲话，但他的嘲弄做过了头，他的表演也很业余。 He had obviously thought up his speech carefully beforehand， but the irony was overdone and the delivery that of an amateur actor： 整个场面就像手势字谜游戏那样矫饰做作。 the whole scene was as unreal as a charade. 他接着说道：“你们知道自己为什么来这里，你们在这里好吃好喝，过着舒适的日子，而我们的人却在工作和战斗。不过现在你们必须付出代价了。不要怪我们，要怪你们自己的杀人凶手。我的命令是集中营里每十个人要有一个被枪决。你们有多少人？”“报数。”他厉声喝道人们闷闷不乐地照办了。“28，29，30.”人们知道不用数他也知道人数，这不过是他玩的把戏中不可省略的一句台词…… He said， “You know what you are here for， living comfortably， on fine rations， while our men work and fight. Well， now you've got to pay the hotel bill. Don't blame us. Blame your own murderers. My orders are that one man in every ten shall be shot in this camp. How many of you are there？” He shouted sharply， “Number off，” and sullenly they obeyed， “…… twenty-eight， twenty-nine， thirty.” They knew he knew without counting. This was just a line in his charade he couldn't sacrifice. 他说道：“那么，你们的名额是三个，我们并不关心是哪三个人。你们可以自己选择。死刑于明天早上7点执行。” He said， “Your allotment then is three. We are quite indifferent as to which three. You can choose for yourselves. The funeral rites will begin at seven tomorrow morning.” 他玩的把戏结束了，人们可以听到他的脚步响亮地敲击着沥青路渐渐远去。 The charade was over： they could hear his feet striking sharply on the asphalt going away. 查维尔忽然很想知道他打的手势是什么字。要他们猜的是不是“夜间”，“姑娘”，“旁边”或“30”。不，不是。谜底肯定是“人质”。 Chavel wondered for a moment what syllable had been acted —“night，”“girl，”“aside，” or perhaps “thirty，” but it was of course the whole word—“hostage. ” 牢房里很长时间没人说话。后来一个叫克拉夫的阿尔萨斯人开口道：“好了，我们有人自愿吗？” The silence went on a long time， and then a man called Krogh， an Alsatian， said， “Well， do we have to volunteer？” “废话。”一个职员说道。他是一个上了年纪的戴着夹鼻眼镜的老头。他接着说道：“没人会自愿，我们必须抽签。除非有人认为应按年龄决定——最老的先死。” “Rubbish，” said one of the clerks， a thin elderly man in pince-nez， “nobody will volunteer. We must draw lots.” He added， “Un-less it is thought that we should go by ages —the oldest first. ” “不，不行。”另一个人说道，“那不公平。” “No， no，” one of the others said， “that would be unjust. ” “这是自然规律。” “It's the way of nature.” “那算什么自然规律。”又一个人说道，“我有个女儿，5岁时就死了。” “Not even the way of nature，” another said. “1 had a child who died when she was five……” “我们必须抽签。”市长坚定地说。 “We must draw lots，” the mayor said firmly. “只有这样才公正。”他坐在那里，双手依然紧贴在肚子上，遮挡着他的怀表，但是整个牢房里都能听见怀表清脆的滴答声。 “It is the only fair thing.” He sat with his hands still pressed over his stomach， hiding his watch， but all through the cell you could hear its blunt tick lock tick. 他接着又说道：“由未婚者抽签，已婚者除外，他们有责任。” He added， “On the unmarried. The married should not be included. They have responsibilities… “哈，哈！”皮埃尔说道，“我们明白了。为什么已婚者就应逃脱？他们的事儿已经做完了。当然，你结婚了吧？” “Ha， ha，” Pierre said， “we see through that. Why should the married get off？ Their work's finished. You， of course， are married？” “我的妻子不在了。”市长说，“我现在是未婚，你呢？” “I have lost my wife，” the mayor said， “I am not married now. And you…” “结了。”皮埃尔答道。 “Married，” Pierre said. 市长开始解下怀表。发现皮埃尔处境安全，他似乎更坚信作为怀表的主人自己必定是下一个牺牲者。 The mayor began to undo his watch； the discovery that his rival was safe seemed to confirm his belief that as the owner of time he was bound to be the next victim. 他环顾了每一个人，然后选择了查维尔。也许是因为只有他穿着西服背心适合戴表链。他说道：“查维尔先生，我想让你替我拿着怀表，万一……” He looked from face to face and chose Chavel， perhaps because he was the only man with a waistcoat fit to take the chain. He said， “Monsieur Chavel， I want you to hold this watch for me in case…” “你找别人吧！”查维尔说，“我还没结婚呢。” “you'd better choose someone else，” Chavel said. “I am not married.” 那个老职员又开口了，“我结婚了，我有权说话。 The elderly clerk spoke again. He said， “I'm married. I've got the right to speak. 我们正把一切引向歧途。这不是我们最后一次抽签。如果这儿有一个特权阶层——那些最终将活着的人，大家想想，牢房里会是什么样子。你们其他人很快就会痛恨我们。你们害怕，而我们将不再担心。“ We are going the wrong way about all this. Everyone must draw lots. This isn't the last draw we shall have， and picture to yourselves what it will be like in this cell if we have a privileged class —the ones who are left to the end. The rest of you will soon begin to hate us. We shall be left out of your fear. . . “ “他说得对。”皮埃尔说。 “He's right，” Pierre said. 市长重新握紧了怀表，说道：“就照你们的主意办。要是能够这样征税的话……”他做了个绝望的手势。 The mayor refastened his watch. “Have it your own way，” he said. “But if the taxes were levied like this…” He gave a gesture of despair. “我们如何抽签？”克拉夫问道。 “How do we draw？” Krogh asked. 查维尔答道：“最快的办法就是从一只鞋里抽出画有记号的纸条。” Chavel said， “The quickest way would be to draw marked papers out of a shoe. . .” 克拉夫轻蔑地说：“那么快干吗？对于我们当中几个人来说这可是最后一次赌博了。我们蛮可以享受一番。我提议赌抛硬币。” Krogh said contemptuously， “Why the quickest way？ This is the last gamble some of us will have. We may as well enjoy it. I say a coin.” “这不好。”那个职员说，“抛硬币不是一个公平、合理的办法。” “It won't work，” the clerk said. “You can't get a even chance with a coin.” “惟一的办法就是抽签。”市长说道。 “The only way is to draw，” the mayor said. 职员开始为抽签做准备，为此他牺牲了一封家信。 The clerk prepared the draw， sacrificing for it one of his letters from home. 他很快地看了一遍信，然后把它撕成30张小纸条。 He read it rapidly for the last time， and then tore it into thirty pieces. 他用铅笔在其中三张上画上十字，然后把每张纸条都叠上。 On three pieces he made a cross in pencil， and then folded each piece. 他接着说：“克拉夫的鞋。”大家把纸条放在地下搅乱，然后装进了鞋子里。 “Krogh's got the biggest shoe，” he said. They shuffled the pieces on the floor and then dropped them into the shoe. “我们按姓氏的字母顺序抽签。”市长说。 “We'll draw in alphabetical order，” the mayor said. “从Z开始抽。”查维尔说道。他的安全感开始动摇了。他急切想喝点什么，用手指从嘴唇上撕下一小块干皮。 “Z first，” Chavel said. His feeling of security was shaken. He wanted a drink badly. He picked at a dry piece of skin on his lip. “就按你说的办。”卡车司机说道，“有人排在维尔森前面吗？我先抽。” “As you wish，” the lorry driver said. “Anybody beat Voisin？ Here goes. 他用手在鞋子里小心地掏，就像是要掏到他心里想要的那张。 “He thrust his hand into the shoe and made careful excavations as though he had one particular scrap of paper in mind. 他抽出一张，打开，怔怔地看着，然后说了声：“完了。”他坐下来，摸出一支香烟放到嘴里，却忘了点火。 He drew one out， opened it， and gazed at it with astonishment. He said， “This is it.” He sat down and felt for a cigarette， but when he got it between his lips he forgot to light it. 查维尔心中充满了巨大而又令他感到羞耻的快乐。 Chavel was filled with a huge and shameful joy. 看来自己得救了。剩下二十九个人抽签，而只有两张带有记号的纸条。 It seemed to him that already he was saved —twenty - nine men to draw and only two marked papers left. 抽中死签的可能性突然变得对他有利，从10比1变成了14比1.经营蔬菜水果的商人也抽了一张，然后漫不经心、毫无表情地示意自己平安无事。 The chances had suddenly grown in his favor from ten to one to—fourteen to one： the greengrocer had drawn a slip and indicated carelessly and without pleasure that he was safe. 的确，从抽第一张签时人们就忌讳任何喜形于色的表现，一个人不能以任何宽慰的举动去嘲弄注定要死的人。 Indeed from the first draw any mark of pleasure was taboo： one couldn't mock the condemned man by any sign of relief. 查维尔胸中有一种隐隐约约的不安——还不是恐惧，像是一种压抑感。 Again a dull disquiet —ii couldn't yet be described as a fear—exended its empire over Chavel's chest. 当第六个人抽到空白纸条时，他发现自己在打哈欠；当第十个人——就是大家称作雅维耶的那个人抽完签后，他的心中又充满了某中怨愤的情绪。现在抽中死签的机会同开始时一样了。 It was like a constriction： he found himself yawning as the sixth man drew a blank slip， and a sense of grievance nagged at his mind when the tenth man bad drawn—it was the one they called Janvier—and the chances were once again the same as when the draw started. 有的人抽出他们手指碰到的第一张纸条；有的人似乎怀疑命运企图将某一张纸条强加于他们，所以他们刚刚从鞋里抽出一张，就又扔回去，再另换一张。 Some men drew the first slip which touched their fingers； others seemed to suspect tha t fate was trying to force on them a particular slip and when they bad drawn one a little way from the shoe would let it drop again and choose another. 时间过得很慢，令人难以置信。那个叫做维尔森的人靠墙坐着，嘴里叼着仍未点燃的香烟，对一切都不再在意。 Time passed with incredible slowness， and the man called Voisin sat against the wall with the unlighted cigarette in his mouth paying them no attention at all. 就在生存的机会逐渐变小，抽中死签的可能性达到八分之一时，一个叫做勒诺特的上年纪的职员抽中了第二张死签。 The chances had narrowed to one in eight when the elderly clerk —his name was Lenotre—drew the second slip. 他清了清喉咙，戴上夹鼻眼镜，好像要确认自己没有看错。“喂，维尔森先生，我能加入吗？”他带着淡淡的微笑说道。 He cleared his throat and put on his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not mistaken. “Ah， Monsieur Voisin，” he said with a thin undecided smile， “May I join you？” 令人难以琢磨的机会再次以绝对对查维尔有利的优势朝他走来，抽中死签的可能性只有十五分之一，可他这次却没有丝毫欣慰，他被普通百姓所具有的勇气所震撼，他想让这一切尽快结束，就像一副扑克玩得太久了，他只希望有人离开牌桌，结束牌局。 This time Chavel felt no joy even though the elusive odds were back again overwhelmingly in his favor at fifteen to one； he was daunted by the courage of common men. He wanted the whole thing to be over as quickly as possible： like a game of cards which has gone on too long， he only wanted someone to make a move and break up the table. 勒诺特在维尔森身边靠墙坐下，他翻过纸条，背面是信中的一点内容，“是你妻子的？”维尔森问道。“是我女儿的。”勒诺特答道，“请原谅。”他起身走到自己的铺盖处，抽出一本便笺，回到维尔森身边开始写起来。他不慌不忙，认认真真地写下一串纤细而清晰的字迹。 。 Lenotre， sitting down against the wall next to Voisin， turned the slip over： on the back was a scrap of writing. Your-wife？“ Voisin said. “My daughter，” Lenotre said. “Excuse me.” He went over to his roll of bedding and drew out a writing pad. Then he sat down next to Voisin and began to write， carefully， without hurry， a thin legible hand. 这时中死签的概率又回到了10比1. The odds were back to ten to one. 从那时起，对查维尔来说，抽中死签的可能性似乎以一种不可避免的可怕趋势发生着变化。 From that point the odds seemed to move toward Chavel with a dreadful inevitability： 9比1，8比1，抽中死签的可能性好像指向了他。 nine to one， eight to one； they were like a pointing finger. 剩下的人抽得越来越快，越来越随便。 The men who were left drew more quickly and more carelessly： 在查维尔看来，他们似乎都知道了某种秘密，知道他会抽到死签。 they seemed to Chavel to have some inner information —to know that he was the one. 轮到他抽签时，只剩下了3张纸，留给他的机会这么少，在他看来真是不公平。 When his time came to draw there were only three slips left ， and it appeared to Chavel a monstrous injustice that there were so few choices left for him. 他从鞋中抽出一张，接着又认定这是同伴的意志强加给他的，一定有十字。于是他把它放回去，另抽了一张。 He drew one out of the shoe and then feeling certain that this one had been willed on him by his companions and contained the penciled cross he threw it back and snatched another. “律师，你偷看了。”剩下的两个人中有一个大声说道，但另一个让他安静下来。 “You looked， lawyer，” one of the two men exclaimed， but the other quieted him. “他没有偷看，他抽到的是有记号的。” “He didn't look. He's got the marked one now.” “不，不。”查维尔把纸条扔到地上，开始大叫：“我从来就没有同意，你们不能让我替别人去死。” “No，” Chavel said， “no.” He threw the slip upon the ground and cried， “I never consented to the draw. You can't make me die for the rest of you. . . ” 大家惊讶地看着他，但并没有敌意。 They watched him with astonishment but without enmity. 他是一个出身高贵的人。人们没有用自己的标准去衡量他，因为他属于一个别人难以理解的阶层。人们甚至没有把他的行为与胆怯联系起来。 He was a gentleman. They didn't judge him by their own standards： he belonged to an unaccountable class and they didn't at first even attach the idea of cowardice to his actions. “听我说，”查维尔一边哀求，一边举起那张纸条。大家既惊奇又好奇地看着他。“谁接受这张纸条，我就给他10万法郎。” “Listen，” Chavel implored them. He held out the slip of paper and they all watched him with compassionate curiosity. “I'll give a hundred thousand francs to anyone who'll take this.” 他快速移动着小步地从一个人面前走到另一个人面前，朝每一个人展示那张小纸条，好像是拍卖会上的服务员。 He took little rapid steps from one man to another， showing each man the bit of paper as if he were an attendant at an auction. “10万法郎。”他恳求道。人们感到震惊，同样又感到一丝怜悯：他是他们之中惟一的有钱人，这是与众不同之处。 “A hundred thousand francs，” he implored， and they watched him with a kind of shocked pity： he was the only rich man among them and this was a unique situation. 人们无法去比较，只能认定这就是他那个阶层的特点，这犹如一个在异国港口下船就餐的旅游者能从一个碰巧与他同桌的狡猾商人身上总结出该国的国民性格。 They had no means of comparison and assumed that this was a characteristic of his class， just as a traveler stepping off the liner at a foreign port for luncheon sums up a nation's character forever in the wily businessman who happens to share the table with him.
lesson3 使用暴力 Lesson Three The Use of Force 他们是我的新病人，我所知道的只有名字，奥尔逊。 They were new patients to me， all I had was the name， Olson. 请您尽快赶来，我女儿病得很重。 “Please come down as soon as you can， my daughter is very sick.” 当我到达时，孩子的母亲迎接了我，这是一位看上去惊恐不安的妇人，衣着整洁却一脸忧伤的神色她只是说，这位就是医生吗？ When I arrived I was met by the mother， a big startled looking woman， very clean and apologetic who merely said， Is this the doctor？ 然后带我进了屋。 And let me in. 在后面，她又说到，请你一定要原谅我们，医生，我们让她呆在厨房里，那儿暖和，这里有时很潮湿。 In the back， she added. You must excuse us， doctor， we have her in the kitchen where it is warm. It is very damp here sometimes. 在厨房的桌子旁边，这个孩子穿得严严实实的，坐在她父亲的腿上。 The child was fully dressed and sitting on here father's lap near the kitchen table. 他父亲试图站起来，但我向他示意不用麻烦，然后我脱下外套开始检查。 He tried to get up， but I motioned for him not to bother， took off my overcoat and started to look things over. 我能够觉察出他们都很紧张，而且用怀疑的眼光上下打量着我。 I could see that they were all very nervous， eyeing me up and down distrustfully. 在这种情形下，他们通常不会提供太多的情况，而是等着我告诉他们病情，这就是为什么他们会在我身上花3美元。 As often， in such cases， they weren't telling me more than they had to， it was up to me to tell them； that's why they were spending three dollars on me. 这个孩子用她那冷漠而镇定的目光目不转睛地盯着我，脸上没有任何表情。 The child was fairly eating me up with her cold， steady eyes， and no expression on her face whatever. 她纹丝不动，内心似乎很平静。这是一个非常惹人喜爱的小东西，外表长得象小牛一样结实。 She did not move and seemed， inwardly， quiet； an unusually attractive little thing， and as strong as a heifer in appearance. 但是她的脸发红，而且呼吸急促，我知道她在发着高烧。 But her face was flushed， she was breathing rapidly， and I realized that she had a high fever. 她长着一头漂亮浓密的金发，就像刊登在广告插页上和周日报纸图片版上的那些孩子一样。 She had magnificent blonde hair， in profusion. One of those picture children often reproduced in advertising leaflets and the photogravure sections of the Sunday papers. 她发烧已经3天了，她父亲开口说，我们不知道是什么原因。 She's had a fever for three days， began the father and we don't know what it comes from. 我太太给她吃了一些药，你知道，大家都是这样做的，可这些药根本不管用，而且，附近有很多人都生了病，所以我们想请您给她检查一下，然后告诉我们是怎么一回事。 My wife has given her things， you know， like people do， but it don't do no good. And there's been a lot of sickness around. So we tho't you'd better look her over and tell us what is the matter. 像医生们经常做的那样，我问了个问题，想以此来猜测一下病症所在。 As doctors often do I took a trial shot at it as a point of departure. Has she had a sore throat？ 父母两人一起回答说，没有……没有，她说她的嗓子不疼。 Both parents answered me together， No…No， she says her throat don't hurt her. 你嗓子疼吗？母亲又问了一下孩子。 Does your throat hurt you？ Added the mother to the child. 女孩的表情没有任何变化，而她的目光却一直没有从我的脸上移开。 But the little girl's expression didn't change nor did she move her eyes from my face. 你看过她的嗓子了吗？ Have you looked？ 我想看，孩子的母亲说，但看不见。 I tried to， said the mother but II couldn't see. 这个月碰巧她上学的那个学校已经有好几例白喉病。虽然到目前为止没有人说出这件事，但很显然，我们心里都想到了。 As it happens we had been having a number of cases of diphtheria in the school to which this child went during that month and we were all， quite apparently， thinking of that， though no one had as yet spoken of the thing. 好了，我说，我们先看看嗓子吧。 Well， I said， suppose we take a look at the throat first. 我以医生特有的职业方式微笑着，叫着孩子的名字。我说，来吧，玛蒂尔达，张开嘴，让我看一下你的嗓子。 I smiled in my best professional manner and asking for the child's first name I said， come on， Mathilda， open your mouth and let's take a look at your throat. 没有任何反应。 Nothing doing. 哦，来吧，我劝道，张大你的嘴，让我看看。看，我说着把两只手伸开，我的手里没有东西，张大嘴，让我看看。 Aw， come on， I coaxed， just open your mouth wide and let me take a look. Look， I said opening both hands wide， I haven't anything in my hands. Just open up and let me see. 他是一个多好的人呀，她的母亲插话道。你看他对你多好呀，来，听话。他不会伤害你的。 Such a nice man， put in the mother. Look how kind he is to you. Come on， do what he tells you to. He won't hurt you. 听到这里我狠狠地咬了咬牙，要是他们没用“伤害”这个词，我也许能做点什么，但是我没有着急或恼怒，而是慢声细语地说着话，一边再次靠近这个孩子。 As that I ground my teeth in disgust. If only they wouldn't use the word “hurt” I might be able to get somewhere. But I did not allow myself to be hurried or disturbed but speaking quietly and slowly I approached the child again. 我刚将椅子拉近一点，突然，她像猫一样双手本能地朝我的两眼抓去，我差一点被她抓到。 As I moved my chair a little nearer suddenly with one catlike movement both her hands clawed instinctively for my eyes and she almost reached them too. 好在她只是打掉了我的眼镜，虽然眼镜没有碎，但已落到了离我几英尺远的厨房地板上。 In fact she knocked my glasses flying and they fell， though unbroken， several feet away from me on the kitchen floor. 父母两人都非常尴尬，充满歉意，你这个坏孩子，母亲一边说，一边抓着她，并摇晃着她的一只手，你看看你做的事。这么一个好人。 Both the mother and father almost turned themselves inside out in embarrassment and apology. You bad girl， said the mother， taking her and shaking here by one arm. Look what you've done. The nice man… 看在上帝的份上，我打断了她的话，请不要再在她面前说我是一个好人。 For heaven's sake， I broke in. Don't call me a nice man to her. 我来是看看她的嗓子，也许她患了白喉，而且很可能会死于这种病。 I'm here to look at her throat on the chance that she might have diphtheria and possibly die of it. 但这一切她都不在乎，看这儿，我对女孩说，我们想看看你的嗓子，你不小了，应该明白我说的话，你是自己张开嘴呢，还是我们帮你张开？ But that's nothing to her. Look here， I said to the child， we're going to look at your throat. You're old enough to understand what I'm saying. Will you open it now by yourself or shall we have to open it for you？ 她仍然一动不动，甚至连表情都没有任何变化。 Not a move. Even her expression hadn't changed. 但是她的呼吸却越来越急促。 Her breaths， however， were coming faster and faster. 接着一场战役开始了，我不得不这样做。 Then the battle began. I had to do it. 由于她的自我保护，我必须检查一下她的嗓子。 I had to have a throat culture for her own protection. 可是我首先告诉家长这完全取决于他们。 But first I told the parents that it was entirely up to them. 我说明了其危险性，但同时提出只要他们承担责任我就不会坚持做这次喉咙检查。 I explained the danger but said that I would not insist on a throat examination so long as they would take the responsibility. 如果你不按大夫说的去做，你就要去医院了，母亲严厉地警告她。 If you don't do what the doctor says you'll have to go to the hospital， the mother admonished her severely. 是吗？我只好暗自笑了笑。毕竟我已经喜欢上了这个野蛮的小东西，但却看不起这对父母。 Oh yeah？ I had to smile to myself. After all， I had already fallen in love with the savage brat， the parents were contemptible to me. 在接下来的“战斗”中他们越来越难堪，被摧垮了，直至精疲力竭。而这个女孩由于恐惧，她对我的抗拒达到了惊人的地步。 In the ensuing struggle they grew more and more abject， crushed， exhausted while she surely rose to magnificent heights of insane fury of effort bred of her terror of me. 父亲尽了的努力，他块头很大，然而事实上他面对着的是他的女儿，由于对她的所作所为感到愧疚和担心伤到她，他每次在我几乎就要成功了的关键时刻放开了她，我真恨不得杀了他。 The father tried his best， and he was a big man but the fact that she was his daughter， his shame at her behavior and his dread of hurting her made him release her just at the critical times when I had almost achieved success， till I wanted to kill him. 可是，因为又担心她真会患上白喉，尽管他自己就快昏到了，他又告诉我继续，继续，而她的母亲在我们的身后走来走去，忧愁万分地抖着双手。 But his dread also that she might have diphtheria made him tell me to go on， go on though he himself was almost fainting， while the mother moved back and forth behind us raising and lowering her hands in an agony of apprehension. 把她放在你的大腿上，我命令道，抓住她的两个手腕。 Put her in front of you on your lap， I ordered， and hold both her wrists. 然而他刚一动手，女孩就尖叫了一声。 But as soon as he did the child let out a scream. 别这样，你会弄疼我的。 Don't， you're hurting me. 放开我的手，放手，我告诉你。 Let go of my hands. Let them go I tell you. 接着她发出可怕的歇斯底里的尖叫，住手！住手！你会弄死我的！ Then she shrieked terrifyingly， hysterically. Stop it！ Stop it！ You're killing me！ 你觉得她受得了吗？医生！她母亲说。 Do you think she can stand it， doctor！ Said the mother. 你出去，丈夫对他的妻子说，你想让她死于白喉吗？ You get out， said the hu******************and to his wife. Do you want her to die of diphtheria？ 来吧，抓住她，我说道。 Come on now， hold her， I said. 接着我用左手掰住女孩的头，并试图将木制的压舌板伸进她的嘴里。 Then I grasped the child's head with my left hand and tried to get the wooden tongue depressor between her teeth. 她紧咬着牙绝望地反抗着！ She fought， with clenched teeth， desperately！ 而此时我也变得狂怒了——对一个孩子。 But now I also had grown furious-at a child. 我试图让自己不要发脾气，但却做不到，我知道怎样去检查她的嗓子。 I tried to hold myself down but I couldn't. I know how to expose a throat for inspection. 我尽了的努力。当我终于把木制的压舌板伸到最后一排牙齿的后面时，她张开了嘴，然而只是一瞬间，我还来不及看她又把嘴闭上了，没等我把它取出来，她的臼齿已经紧紧咬住了压舌板，并把压舌板咬成了碎片。 And I did my best. When finally I got the wooden spatula behind the last teeth and just the point of it into the mouth cavity， she opened up for an instant but before I could see anything she came down again and gripped the wooden blade between her molars. She reduces it to splinters before I could get it out again. 你不害臊吗？妈妈朝她大声训斥道。你在大夫面前这样不觉得害臊吗？ Aren't you ashamed， the mother yelled at her. Aren't you ashamed to act like that in front of the doctor？ 给我拿一把平柄的勺子什么的，我对母亲说。 Get me a smooth-handled spoon of some sort， I told the mother. 我们还要接着做下去。 We're going through with this. 孩子的嘴已经流血了。 The child's mouth was already bleeding. 她的舌头破了，还在歇斯底里地大叫着。 Her tongue was cut and she was screaming in wild hysterical shrieks. 也许我应该停下来，过一个多小时再回来无疑这样会好一些。 Perhaps I should have desisted and come back in an hour or more. No doubt it would have been better. 但我已经看到至少两个孩子因为这种情况而被疏忽了，躺在床上死去，我感到我必须现在进行诊断，否则就再没有机会了。 But I have seen at least two children lying dead in bed of neglect in such cases， and feeling that I must get a diagnosis now or never I went at it again. 然而最糟糕的是，我也失去了理智，我本可以在盛怒之下将女孩的嘴扒开来享受其中的快乐，向她发起进攻真是一件乐事，我的脸也因此而发热。 But the worst of it was that I too had got beyond reason. I could have torn the child apart in my own fury and enjoyed it. It was a pleasure to attack her， my face was burning with it. 在这种时候，谁都会叮咛自己，无论这个可恶的小鬼做出任何愚蠢的举动，也要违背她的意愿来保护她。 The damned little brat must be protected against her own idiocy， one says to one's self at such times. 这样做也是为了保护其他孩子，同时这也是一种社会需要，事实也确是如此。 Others must be protected against her. It is a social necessity. And all these things are true. 然而由于释放体内能量的欲望而产生的一种盲目的无法控制的狂怒和一种成年人的羞耻感，使我一直坚持到最后。 But a blind fury，a feeling of adult shame， bred of a longing for muscular release are the operatives. One goes on to the end. 在最后失去理性的“战斗”中，我控制了女孩的脖子和下巴，我强行将沉重的银勺从她的牙后面伸到嗓子直到她作呕。 In the final unreasoning assault I overpowered the child's neck any jaws. I forced the heavy silver spoon back of her teeth and down her throat till she gagged. 果然，两个扁桃体上有着一层膜状物。她勇敢地反抗就是为了不让我发现她的这个秘密，她至少隐瞒了3天嗓子疼，并对父母撒谎，都是为了逃避这样一个结果。 And there it was – both tonsils covered with membrane. She had fought valiantly to keep me from knowing her secret. She had been hiding that sore throat for three days at least and lying to her parents in order to escape just such an outcome as this. 现在，她真的狂怒了，在这以前她一直处于守势，但是现在她开始进攻了。 Now truly she was furious. She had been on the defensive before but now she attacked， Tried to get off her father's lap and fly at me while tears of defeat blinded her eye.
lesson8-10 人生的一课 快一年了，大部分时间我都泡在家里、店铺、学校和教堂里，就像一块旧饼干，又脏又难以下咽。 For nearly a year， I sopped around the house， the Store， the school and the church， like an old biscuit， dirty and inedible. 这时我遇到或者说认识了抛给我第一根救生索的那位夫人。 Then I met， or rather got to know， the lady who threw me first lifeline. 波萨？弗劳尔斯夫人是斯坦普司黑人区中的出类拔萃的人物。 Mrs. Bertha Flowers was the aristocrat of Black Stamps. 她动作优雅，即使在最冷的天气里也不缩手缩脚，而在阿肯色州的夏日里，她似乎又有属于自己的微风环绕在她的身旁，给她带来凉爽。 She had the grace of control to appear warm in the coldest weather， and one the Arkansas summer days it seemed she had a private breeze which swirled around， cooling her. 她的皮肤深黑迷人，如果被挂住就会像李子皮一样剥落，但没有人敢离她近点，碰皱她的衣服，更不要说挂住她的皮肤了。 Her skin was a rich black that would have peeled like a plum if snagged， but then no one would have thought of getting close enough to Mrs. Flowers to ruffle her dress， let alone snag her skin. 她不太喜欢亲近，另外她还带着手套。 She didn't encourage familiarity. She wore gloves too. 她是我所知道的为数不多的有气质的女士之一，并且是我做人的楷模，影响了我一生。 She was one of the few gentlewomen I have ever known， and has remained throughout my life the measure of what a human being can be. 我被她深深地吸引，因为她像是我从没有亲身遇到过的那些人。 She appealed to me because she was like people I had never met personally. 她就像英国小说中的女人，走在沼泽地里（不管是什么地方），一群忠实的狗奔跑在她们的身旁，并与她们保持一定的距离以示尊敬。 Like women in English novels who walked the moors （whatever they were） with their loyal dogs racing at a respectful distance. 她就像坐在炉火熊熊的壁炉前的女人，不时从装满蛋糕和松脆饼的银盘中取东西喝。 Like the women who sat in front of roaring fireplaces， drinking tea incessantly from silver trays full of scones and crumpets. 她就像走在“石南丛生的荒野”中，读着用摩洛哥山羊皮装订的书的那些女人，而且有用连字符隔开的两个姓。 Women who walked over the “heath” and read morocco-bound books and had two last names divided by a hyphen. 可以肯定地说，是她本人使我为自己是个黑人而感到骄傲。 It would be safe to say that she made me proud to be Negro， just by being herself. 那个在我的记忆中如甜奶般鲜活的夏日的午后，她来我们的店里买东西。 One summer afternoon， sweet-milk fresh in my memory， she stopped at the Store to buy provisions. 换了另外一个同她身体情况和年龄相当的黑人妇女就会一只手把纸袋拎回家去，但奶奶却说，“弗劳尔斯大姐，让贝利帮你把东西送回家去。” Another Negro woman of her health and age would have been expected to carry the paper sacks home in one hand， but Momma said， “Sister Flowers， I'll send Bai-ley up to your house with these things.” “谢谢您，汉德森夫人。但我想让玛格丽特帮我送回去。” “Thank you， Mrs. Henderson. I'd prefer Marguerite， though.” 她说我名字时，我的名字也变得动听起来。 My name was beautiful when she said it. “反正我一直想跟她谈一谈。”她们互相对视了一下，其间的意思只有她们这些同龄人才明白。 “I've been mean-ins to talk to her， anyway.” They gave each other agegroup looks. 在石头路旁有一条小路，弗劳尔斯夫人在前面摆动着胳膊，在碎石路上小心地走着。 There was a little path beside the rocky road， and Mrs. Flowers walked in front swinging her arms and picking her way over the stones. 她没有回头，对我说，“听说你在学校里功课很好，玛格丽特，但那都是笔头作业。老师说他们很难让你在课堂上发言。” She said， without turning her head， to me， “I hear you're doing very good school work， Marguerite， but that it's all written. The teachers report that they have trouble getting you to talk in class. 我们走过左边三角形的农场，路变宽了，可以允许我们并排走在一起。但我畏缩地走在后面，想着那些没有问出口也无法回答的问题。 We passed the triangular farm on our left and the path widened to allow us to walk together. I hung back in the separate unasked and unanswerable questions. “过来和我一起走，玛格丽特。”我无法拒绝，尽管我很想。 “Come and walk along with me， Marguerite.” I couldn't have refused even if I wanted to. 她把我的名字叫得如此动听。或者更确切地说，她把每个词都说得这样清晰，我相信就是一个不懂英语的外国人也能听懂她的话。 She pronounced my name so nicely. Or more correctly， she spoke each word with such clarity that I was certain a foreigner who didn't understand English could have understood her. “现在没有人要强迫你说话——恐怕也没人能做到这一点。但是你记住，语言是人类进行沟通的方式，是语言将人类同低等动物区分开来。” “Now no one is going to make you talk —possibly no one can. But bear in mind， language is man's way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals.” 这对我来说是一个全新的观点，我需要些时间认真考虑一下。 That was a totally new idea to me， and I would need time to think about it. “你奶奶说你读了很多书，一有机会就读。这很好，但还不够好，言语的含义不仅是写在纸上的那点。它需要人的声音赋予它深层含义的细微差别。” “Your grandmother says you read a lot. Every chance you get. That's good， but not good enough. Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with the shades of deeper meaning. ” 我记住了有关声音赋予言语更多内涵的话。这些话听起来是那么正确，那么富有诗意。 I memorized the part about the human voice infusing words. It seemed so valid and poetic. 她说她要给我一些书，要我不仅阅读这些书，还要大声朗读。 She said she was going to give me some books and that I not only must read them， I must read them aloud. 她建议我用尽可能丰富的语调去读每一句话。 She suggested that i try to make a sentence sound in as many different ways as possible. “如果你草草读完这些书就还给我的话，我不接受任何理由。” “I'll accept no excuse if you return a book to me that has been badly handled.” 我想像不出如果我真的没有认真读弗劳尔斯夫人的某一本书，将会受到怎样的惩罚。让我去死恐怕是太仁慈太干脆了。 My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve if in fact I did abuse a book of Mrs. Flowers'。 Death would be too kind and brief. 房子里的气味让我有点吃惊。 The odors in the house surprised me. 不知什么缘故，我从来没有将弗劳尔斯夫人与食物、吃饭或是平常人的琐事联系起来。 Somehow I had never connected Mrs. Flowers with food or eating or any other common experience of common people. 那里一定也有户外厕所，但我一点也记不起来了。 There must have been an outhouse， too， but my mind never recorded it. 她打开门，香草的芬芳迎面扑来。 The sweet scent of vanilla had met us as she opened the door. “今天早上我做了些茶点。你瞧，我早打算好要请你来吃点心、柠檬水，这样我们就可以聊一会了。柠檬水正放在冰盒子里呢。” “I made tea cookies this morning. You see， I had planned to invite you for cookies and lemonade so we could have this little chat. The lemonade is in the icebox.” 这意味着弗劳尔斯夫人平时也买冰，而镇上大多数人家只是在星期六下午才买冰，放在木头做的冰淇凌冷藏机内，整个夏天也不过只买几次。 It followed that Mrs. Flowers would have ice on an ordinary day， when most families in our town bought ice late on Saturdays only a few times during the summer to be used in the wooden ice-cream freezers. “坐吧，玛格丽特，坐到那边桌子旁。” “Have a seat， Marguerite. Over there by the table.” 她端着一个用茶布盖着的盘。 She carried a platter covered with a tea towel. 尽管她事先说过她已经好久没有做点心了，我还是相信就像她的其他任何东西一样，点心也会十分精美可口。 Although she warned that she hadn't tried her hand at baking sweets for some time， I was certain that like everything else about her the cookies would be perfect. 我吃点心的时候，她开始给我讲我们后来称之为“我生活中的一课”的第一部分。 As I ate she began the first of what we later called “my lesson in living.” 她告诉我不能宽容无知，但可以理解文盲。 She said that must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. 她认为有些人虽然没有上过学，但却比大学教授更有知识，甚至更聪明。 That some people， unable to go to school， were more educated and even more intelligent than college professors. 她还鼓励我认真倾听被乡下人称为常识的一些俗语。她说这些朴实谚语是一代代人集体智慧的结晶。 She encouraged me to listen carefully to what country people called mother wit. That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations 我吃完点心后，她把桌子打扫干净，从书架上拿了一本又厚又小的书。 When I finished the cookies she brushed off the table and brought a thick， small book from the bookcase. 我读过《双城记》，认为这本书符合我心目中浪漫主义小说的标准。 I had read A Tale of Two Cities and found it up to my standards as a romantic novel. 她翻开第一页，于是我平生第一次听到了诗朗诵。 She opened the first page and I heard poetry for the first time in my life. “这是最辉煌的时代也是最糟糕的时代……”她的声音圆润，随着言语的起伏而抑扬顿挫，就像在唱歌一样。 “It was the best of times and the worst of times. . .” Her voice slid in and curved down through and over the words. She was nearly singing. 我想看一下她读的是否真的和我过去看的一样？ I wanted to look at the pages. Were they the same that I had read？ 还是像赞美诗一样，书页上满是音符？ Or were there notes， music， lined on the pages， as in a hymn book？ 她的声音开始慢慢低沉下来。 Her sounds began cascading gently. 我听过很多次布道，因此我知道她的朗诵就要结束了，但我还没有真正听见或听懂一个词。 I knew from listening to a thousand preachers that she was nearing the end of her reading， and I hadn't really heard， heard to understand， a single word. “你觉得怎么样？” “How do you like that？” 我这才意识到她在期待我的回答。 It occurred to me that she expected a response. 我的舌间还留有香草的余味，她的朗诵对我来说很奇妙。 The sweet vanilla flavor was still on my tongue and her reading was a wonder in my ears. 我得说点什么了。 I had to speak. 我说：“是的，夫人。”我至少得说这些，我也只能说这些。 I said， “Yea， ma'am.” It was the least I could do， but it was the most also. “还有一件事。你把这本诗集拿去，背下其中的一首。下次你再来看我时，我希望你背诵给我听。” 'There s one more thing. Take this book of poems and memorize one for me. Next time you pay me a visit， I want you to recite.“ 在经历了成年后的复杂生活后，我多次试图弄清楚为什么当年她送给我的礼物一下子就让我陶醉了。 I have tried often to search behind the sophistication of years for the enchantment I so easily found in those gifts. 书中的内容已经忘却，但余韵仍存。 The essence escapes but its aura remains. 被准许，不，是被邀请进入一群陌生人的私人生活中，与他们共同分享喜悦和恐惧，这使我读贝奥武夫时就犹如喝一杯蜜酒，读奥立佛？特威斯特时，犹如饮一杯热奶茶，忘记了那犹如南方苦艾酒般的痛苦经历。 To be allowed， no， invited， into the private lives of strangers， and to share their joys and fears， was a chance to exchange the Southern bitter wormwood for a cup of mead with Be-owulf or a hot cup of tea and milk with Oliver Twist. 当我大声地说“这比我做过的任何一件事都好得多”时，我眼中涌出了爱的泪水，那是为了自己的忘我 When I said aloud， “It is a far， far better thing that I do， than I have ever done…” tears of love filled my eyes at my selflessness. 在我第一次去她家回来，我跑下山去冲到马路上（路上很少有车经过），快到店铺时我还居然没忘了停下来。 On that first day， I ran down the hill and into the road （few cars ever came along it） and had the good sense to stop running before I reached the Store. 有人喜欢我，这是多么的不同啊。 was liked， and what a difference it made. 有人尊敬我，并不是因为我是汉德森夫人的外孙女或是贝利的妹妹，而是因为我是玛格丽特？约翰逊。 I was respected not as Mrs. Henderson's grandchild or Bailey's sister but for just being Marguerite Johnson. 孩提时的逻辑永远不需要证实（所有的结论都是绝对的）。 Childhood's logic never asks to be proved （all conclusions are absolute）。 我从来没有想过为什么弗劳尔斯夫人会选中我来表示关怀，也从来没想过也许是奶奶曾请求她开导我一下。 1 didn't question why Mrs. Flowers had singled me out for attention， nor did it occur to me that Momma might have asked her to give me a little talking to. 我只关心她曾给我做点心吃，还给我读她最喜欢的书。这些足以证明她喜欢我 All I cared about was that she had made tea cookies for me and read to me from her favorite book. It was enough to prove that she liked me. 奶奶和贝利在店铺里等我。 Momma and Bailey were waiting inside the Store. 他问：“她给了你什么？”他已经看到那些书了，但我把装着他那份点心的纸袋放在怀里，用诗集挡住。 He said. “My， what did she give you？” He had seen the books， but I held the paper sack with his cookies in my arms shielded by the poems. 奶奶说：“小姐，我知道你的举止像位女士。 Momma said， “Sister， I know you acted like a little lady. That do my heart good to see settled people take to you all. 我已经尽努力了，上帝知道，但这些天……“她的声音低下来，”快去把衣服换了。 I'm trying my best， the Lord knows， but these days…“ Her voice trailed off. ”Go on in and change your dress.
第十个人 Lesson Ten The Tenth Man 就在第二天下午3点（闹钟上的时间），一个军官走进了牢房。这是他们几星期以来见到的第一位军官。他非常年轻，甚至小胡子的形状也显示出他不够老练，左边的胡子剃得重了点。 It was at three the next afternoon （alarm clock time） that an officer entered the cell； the first officer they had seen for weeks – and this one was very young， with inexperience even in the shape of his mustache which he had shaved too much on the left side. 他就像一个初次登台领奖的小学生一样窘迫不安，他说起话来粗鲁无礼，似乎要显示一种他并不具备的力量。 He was as embarrassed as a schoolboy making his first entry on a stage at a prize-giving， and he spoke abruptly so as to give the impression of a strength he did not possess. 他说道：“昨天夜间城里发生了几起谋杀，一名军事长官的副手、一位中士和一个骑自行车的女孩被杀。”他又说道：“我们不在乎女孩的死。法国男人杀死法国女人不关我们的事。” He said， “There were murders last night in the town. The aide-de-camp of the military governor， a sergeant and a girl on a bicycle.” He added， “We don't complain about the girl. Frenchmen have our permission to kill Frenchwomen.” 很明显他事先仔细斟酌了他的讲话，但他的嘲弄做过了头，他的表演也很业余。 He had obviously thought up his speech carefully beforehand， but the irony was overdone and the delivery that of an amateur actor： 整个场面就像手势字谜游戏那样矫饰做作。 the whole scene was as unreal as a charade. 他接着说道：“你们知道自己为什么来这里，你们在这里好吃好喝，过着舒适的日子，而我们的人却在工作和战斗。不过现在你们必须付出代价了。不要怪我们，要怪你们自己的杀人凶手。我的命令是集中营里每十个人要有一个被枪决。你们有多少人？”“报数。”他厉声喝道人们闷闷不乐地照办了。“28，29，30.”人们知道不用数他也知道人数，这不过是他玩的把戏中不可省略的一句台词…… He said， “You know what you are here for， living comfortably， on fine rations， while our men work and fight. Well， now you've got to pay the hotel bill. Don't blame us. Blame your own murderers. My orders are that one man in every ten shall be shot in this camp. How many of you are there？” He shouted sharply， “Number off，” and sullenly they obeyed， “…… twenty-eight， twenty-nine， thirty.” They knew he knew without counting. This was just a line in his charade he couldn't sacrifice. 他说道：“那么，你们的名额是三个，我们并不关心是哪三个人。你们可以自己选择。死刑于明天早上7点执行。” He said， “Your allotment then is three. We are quite indifferent as to which three. You can choose for yourselves. The funeral rites will begin at seven tomorrow morning.” 他玩的把戏结束了，人们可以听到他的脚步响亮地敲击着沥青路渐渐远去。 The charade was over： they could hear his feet striking sharply on the asphalt going away. 查维尔忽然很想知道他打的手势是什么字。要他们猜的是不是“夜间”，“姑娘”，“旁边”或“30”。不，不是。谜底肯定是“人质”。 Chavel wondered for a moment what syllable had been acted —“night，”“girl，”“aside，” or perhaps “thirty，” but it was of course the whole word—“hostage. ” 牢房里很长时间没人说话。后来一个叫克拉夫的阿尔萨斯人开口道：“好了，我们有人自愿吗？” The silence went on a long time， and then a man called Krogh， an Alsatian， said， “Well， do we have to volunteer？” “废话。”一个职员说道。他是一个上了年纪的戴着夹鼻眼镜的老头。他接着说道：“没人会自愿，我们必须抽签。除非有人认为应按年龄决定——最老的先死。” “Rubbish，” said one of the clerks， a thin elderly man in pince-nez， “nobody will volunteer. We must draw lots.” He added， “Un-less it is thought that we should go by ages —the oldest first. ” “不，不行。”另一个人说道，“那不公平。” “No， no，” one of the others said， “that would be unjust. ” “这是自然规律。” “It's the way of nature.” “那算什么自然规律。”又一个人说道，“我有个女儿，5岁时就死了。” “Not even the way of nature，” another said. “1 had a child who died when she was five……” “我们必须抽签。”市长坚定地说。 “We must draw lots，” the mayor said firmly. “只有这样才公正。”他坐在那里，双手依然紧贴在肚子上，遮挡着他的怀表，但是整个牢房里都能听见怀表清脆的滴答声。 “It is the only fair thing.” He sat with his hands still pressed over his stomach， hiding his watch， but all through the cell you could hear its blunt tick lock tick. 他接着又说道：“由未婚者抽签，已婚者除外，他们有责任。” He added， “On the unmarried. The married should not be included. They have responsibilities… “哈，哈！”皮埃尔说道，“我们明白了。为什么已婚者就应逃脱？他们的事儿已经做完了。当然，你结婚了吧？” “Ha， ha，” Pierre said， “we see through that. Why should the married get off？ Their work's finished. You， of course， are married？” “我的妻子不在了。”市长说，“我现在是未婚，你呢？” “I have lost my wife，” the mayor said， “I am not married now. And you…” “结了。”皮埃尔答道。 “Married，” Pierre said. 市长开始解下怀表。发现皮埃尔处境安全，他似乎更坚信作为怀表的主人自己必定是下一个牺牲者。 The mayor began to undo his watch； the discovery that his rival was safe seemed to confirm his belief that as the owner of time he was bound to be the next victim. 他环顾了每一个人，然后选择了查维尔。也许是因为只有他穿着西服背心适合戴表链。他说道：“查维尔先生，我想让你替我拿着怀表，万一……” He looked from face to face and chose Chavel， perhaps because he was the only man with a waistcoat fit to take the chain. He said， “Monsieur Chavel， I want you to hold this watch for me in case…” “你找别人吧！”查维尔说，“我还没结婚呢。” “you'd better choose someone else，” Chavel said. “I am not married.” 那个老职员又开口了，“我结婚了，我有权说话。 The elderly clerk spoke again. He said， “I'm married. I've got the right to speak. 我们正把一切引向歧途。这不是我们最后一次抽签。如果这儿有一个特权阶层——那些最终将活着的人，大家想想，牢房里会是什么样子。你们其他人很快就会痛恨我们。你们害怕，而我们将不再担心。“ We are going the wrong way about all this. Everyone must draw lots. This isn't the last draw we shall have， and picture to yourselves what it will be like in this cell if we have a privileged class —the ones who are left to the end. The rest of you will soon begin to hate us. We shall be left out of your fear. . . “ “他说得对。”皮埃尔说。 “He's right，” Pierre said. 市长重新握紧了怀表，说道：“就照你们的主意办。要是能够这样征税的话……”他做了个绝望的手势。 The mayor refastened his watch. “Have it your own way，” he said. “But if the taxes were levied like this…” He gave a gesture of despair. “我们如何抽签？”克拉夫问道。 “How do we draw？” Krogh asked. 查维尔答道：“最快的办法就是从一只鞋里抽出画有记号的纸条。” Chavel said， “The quickest way would be to draw marked papers out of a shoe. . .” 克拉夫轻蔑地说：“那么快干吗？对于我们当中几个人来说这可是最后一次赌博了。我们蛮可以享受一番。我提议赌抛硬币。” Krogh said contemptuously， “Why the quickest way？ This is the last gamble some of us will have. We may as well enjoy it. I say a coin.” “这不好。”那个职员说，“抛硬币不是一个公平、合理的办法。” “It won't work，” the clerk said. “You can't get a even chance with a coin.” “惟一的办法就是抽签。”市长说道。 “The only way is to draw，” the mayor said. 职员开始为抽签做准备，为此他牺牲了一封家信。 The clerk prepared the draw， sacrificing for it one of his letters from home. 他很快地看了一遍信，然后把它撕成30张小纸条。 He read it rapidly for the last time， and then tore it into thirty pieces. 他用铅笔在其中三张上画上十字，然后把每张纸条都叠上。 On three pieces he made a cross in pencil， and then folded each piece. 他接着说：“克拉夫的鞋。”大家把纸条放在地下搅乱，然后装进了鞋子里。 “Krogh's got the biggest shoe，” he said. They shuffled the pieces on the floor and then dropped them into the shoe. “我们按姓氏的字母顺序抽签。”市长说。 “We'll draw in alphabetical order，” the mayor said. “从Z开始抽。”查维尔说道。他的安全感开始动摇了。他急切想喝点什么，用手指从嘴唇上撕下一小块干皮。 “Z first，” Chavel said. His feeling of security was shaken. He wanted a drink badly. He picked at a dry piece of skin on his lip. “就按你说的办。”卡车司机说道，“有人排在维尔森前面吗？我先抽。” “As you wish，” the lorry driver said. “Anybody beat Voisin？ Here goes. 他用手在鞋子里小心地掏，就像是要掏到他心里想要的那张。 “He thrust his hand into the shoe and made careful excavations as though he had one particular scrap of paper in mind. 他抽出一张，打开，怔怔地看着，然后说了声：“完了。”他坐下来，摸出一支香烟放到嘴里，却忘了点火。 He drew one out， opened it， and gazed at it with astonishment. He said， “This is it.” He sat down and felt for a cigarette， but when he got it between his lips he forgot to light it. 查维尔心中充满了巨大而又令他感到羞耻的快乐。 Chavel was filled with a huge and shameful joy. 看来自己得救了。剩下二十九个人抽签，而只有两张带有记号的纸条。 It seemed to him that already he was saved —twenty - nine men to draw and only two marked papers left. 抽中死签的可能性突然变得对他有利，从10比1变成了14比1.经营蔬菜水果的商人也抽了一张，然后漫不经心、毫无表情地示意自己平安无事。 The chances had suddenly grown in his favor from ten to one to—fourteen to one： the greengrocer had drawn a slip and indicated carelessly and without pleasure that he was safe. 的确，从抽第一张签时人们就忌讳任何喜形于色的表现，一个人不能以任何宽慰的举动去嘲弄注定要死的人。 Indeed from the first draw any mark of pleasure was taboo： one couldn't mock the condemned man by any sign of relief. 查维尔胸中有一种隐隐约约的不安——还不是恐惧，像是一种压抑感。 Again a dull disquiet —ii couldn't yet be described as a fear—exended its empire over Chavel's chest. 当第六个人抽到空白纸条时，他发现自己在打哈欠；当第十个人——就是大家称作雅维耶的那个人抽完签后，他的心中又充满了某中怨愤的情绪。现在抽中死签的机会同开始时一样了。 It was like a constriction： he found himself yawning as the sixth man drew a blank slip， and a sense of grievance nagged at his mind when the tenth man bad drawn—it was the one they called Janvier—and the chances were once again the same as when the draw started. 有的人抽出他们手指碰到的第一张纸条；有的人似乎怀疑命运企图将某一张纸条强加于他们，所以他们刚刚从鞋里抽出一张，就又扔回去，再另换一张。 Some men drew the first slip which touched their fingers； others seemed to suspect tha t fate was trying to force on them a particular slip and when they bad drawn one a little way from the shoe would let it drop again and choose another. 时间过得很慢，令人难以置信。那个叫做维尔森的人靠墙坐着，嘴里叼着仍未点燃的香烟，对一切都不再在意。 Time passed with incredible slowness， and the man called Voisin sat against the wall with the unlighted cigarette in his mouth paying them no attention at all. 就在生存的机会逐渐变小，抽中死签的可能性达到八分之一时，一个叫做勒诺特的上年纪的职员抽中了第二张死签。 The chances had narrowed to one in eight when the elderly clerk —his name was Lenotre—drew the second slip. 他清了清喉咙，戴上夹鼻眼镜，好像要确认自己没有看错。“喂，维尔森先生，我能加入吗？”他带着淡淡的微笑说道。 He cleared his throat and put on his pince-nez as though he had to make sure he was not mistaken. “Ah， Monsieur Voisin，” he said with a thin undecided smile， “May I join you？” 令人难以琢磨的机会再次以绝对对查维尔有利的优势朝他走来，抽中死签的可能性只有十五分之一，可他这次却没有丝毫欣慰，他被普通百姓所具有的勇气所震撼，他想让这一切尽快结束，就像一副扑克玩得太久了，他只希望有人离开牌桌，结束牌局。 This time Chavel felt no joy even though the elusive odds were back again overwhelmingly in his favor at fifteen to one； he was daunted by the courage of common men. He wanted the whole thing to be over as quickly as possible： like a game of cards which has gone on too long， he only wanted someone to make a move and break up the table. 勒诺特在维尔森身边靠墙坐下，他翻过纸条，背面是信中的一点内容，“是你妻子的？”维尔森问道。“是我女儿的。”勒诺特答道，“请原谅。”他起身走到自己的铺盖处，抽出一本便笺，回到维尔森身边开始写起来。他不慌不忙，认认真真地写下一串纤细而清晰的字迹。 。 Lenotre， sitting down against the wall next to Voisin， turned the slip over： on the back was a scrap of writing. Your-wife？“ Voisin said. “My daughter，” Lenotre said. “Excuse me.” He went over to his roll of bedding and drew out a writing pad. Then he sat down next to Voisin and began to write， carefully， without hurry， a thin legible hand. 这时中死签的概率又回到了10比1. The odds were back to ten to one. 从那时起，对查维尔来说，抽中死签的可能性似乎以一种不可避免的可怕趋势发生着变化。 From that point the odds seemed to move toward Chavel with a dreadful inevitability： 9比1，8比1，抽中死签的可能性好像指向了他。 nine to one， eight to one； they were like a pointing finger. 剩下的人抽得越来越快，越来越随便。 The men who were left drew more quickly and more carelessly： 在查维尔看来，他们似乎都知道了某种秘密，知道他会抽到死签。 they seemed to Chavel to have some inner information —to know that he was the one. 轮到他抽签时，只剩下了3张纸，留给他的机会这么少，在他看来真是不公平。 When his time came to draw there were only three slips left ， and it appeared to Chavel a monstrous injustice that there were so few choices left for him. 他从鞋中抽出一张，接着又认定这是同伴的意志强加给他的，一定有十字。于是他把它放回去，另抽了一张。 He drew one out of the shoe and then feeling certain that this one had been willed on him by his companions and contained the penciled cross he threw it back and snatched another. “律师，你偷看了。”剩下的两个人中有一个大声说道，但另一个让他安静下来。 “You looked， lawyer，” one of the two men exclaimed， but the other quieted him. “他没有偷看，他抽到的是有记号的。” “He didn't look. He's got the marked one now.” “不，不。”查维尔把纸条扔到地上，开始大叫：“我从来就没有同意，你们不能让我替别人去死。” “No，” Chavel said， “no.” He threw the slip upon the ground and cried， “I never consented to the draw. You can't make me die for the rest of you. . . ” 大家惊讶地看着他，但并没有敌意。 They watched him with astonishment but without enmity. 他是一个出身高贵的人。人们没有用自己的标准去衡量他，因为他属于一个别人难以理解的阶层。人们甚至没有把他的行为与胆怯联系起来。 He was a gentleman. They didn't judge him by their own standards： he belonged to an unaccountable class and they didn't at first even attach the idea of cowardice to his actions. “听我说，”查维尔一边哀求，一边举起那张纸条。大家既惊奇又好奇地看着他。“谁接受这张纸条，我就给他10万法郎。” “Listen，” Chavel implored them. He held out the slip of paper and they all watched him with compassionate curiosity. “I'll give a hundred thousand francs to anyone who'll take this.” 他快速移动着小步地从一个人面前走到另一个人面前，朝每一个人展示那张小纸条，好像是拍卖会上的服务员。 He took little rapid steps from one man to another， showing each man the bit of paper as if he were an attendant at an auction. “10万法郎。”他恳求道。人们感到震惊，同样又感到一丝怜悯：他是他们之中惟一的有钱人，这是与众不同之处。 “A hundred thousand francs，” he implored， and they watched him with a kind of shocked pity： he was the only rich man among them and this was a unique situation. 人们无法去比较，只能认定这就是他那个阶层的特点，这犹如一个在异国港口下船就餐的旅游者能从一个碰巧与他同桌的狡猾商人身上总结出该国的国民性格。 They had no means of comparison and assumed that this was a characteristic of his class， just as a traveler stepping off the liner at a foreign port for luncheon sums up a nation's character forever in the wily businessman who happens to share the table with him.
Lesson Nine The Trouble with Television 电视的毛病 The Trouble with Television 要摆脱电视的影响是困难的。 It is difficult to escape the influence of television. 假如统计的平均数字适用于你的话，那么你到20岁的时候就至少看过2万个小时的电视了，从那以后每生活10年就会增加1万小时。 If you fit the statistical averages， by the age of 20 you will have been exposed to at least 20，000 hours of television. You can add 10，000 hours for each decade you have lived after the age of 20. 笔起看电视，美国人只有在工作和睡眠上花时间更多。 The only things Americans do more than watch television are work and sleep. 稍微计算一下，使用这些时间的一部分能够做些什么。 Calculate for a moment what could be done with even a part of those hours. 听说一个大学生仅用5000小时就可以获得学士学位。 Five thousand hours， I am told， are what a typical college undergraduate spends working on a bachelor's degree. 在1万个小时内你能学成一个天文学家或工程师，流利掌握几门外语。 In 10，000 hours you could have learned enough to become an astronomer or engineer. You could have learned several languages fluently. 如果你感兴趣的话，你可能读希腊原文的荷马史诗或俄文版的陀思妥耶夫斯基的作品；如果对此不感兴趣，那你可以徒步周游世界，撰写一本游记。 If it appealed to you， you could be reading Homer in the original Greek or Dostoyevsky in Russian. If it didn't， you could have walked around the world and written a book about it. 电视的毛病在于它分散了人们的注意力。 The trouble with television is that it discourages concentration. 生活中几乎一切有趣的、能给人以满足的事都需要一定的建设性的、持之以恒的努力。 Almost anything interesting and rewarding in life requires some constructive， consistently applied effort. 即使是我们中间那些最迟钝、最没有天才的人也能做出一些事来，而这些事使那些从来不在任何事情上专心致志的人感到像是奇迹一般。 The dullest， the least gifted of us can achieve things that seem miraculous to those who never concentrate on anything. 但电视鼓励我们不做出任何努力，它向我们兜售即时的满足，它给我们提供娱乐，使我们只想娱乐，让时间在毫无痛苦中消磨掉。 But Television encourages us to apply no effort. It sells us instant gratification. It diverts us only to divert， to make the time pass without pain. 电视节目的多样化成了一种麻醉剂而不是促进思考的因素。 Television's variety becomes a narcotic ， nor a stimulus. 它那系列的、多变的画面引着我们跟着它走。 Its serial， kaleidoscopic exposures force us to follow its lead. 观众无休无止地跟着导游游览：参观博物馆30分钟，看大教堂30分钟，喝饮料30分钟，然后上车去下一个参观点，只是电视的特点是时间分配以分秒计算，而所选择的内容却多为车祸和人们的互相残杀。 The viewer is on a perpetual guided tour： 30 minutes at the museum， 30 at the cathedral， 30 for a drink， then back on the bus to the next attraction —-except on television.， typically， the spans allotted arc on the order of minutes or seconds， and the chosen delights are more often car crashes and people killing one another. 总之许多电视节目取代了人类最可贵的一种才能，即主动集中自己的注意力，而不是被动地奉送注意力。 In short， a lot of television usurps one of the most precious of all human gifts， the ability to focus your attention yourself， rather than just passively surrender it. 吸引并抓住人们的注意力是大多数电视节目安排的主要目的，它加强了电视是有利可图的广告的载体的作用。 Capturing your attention —and holding it—is the prime motive of most television programming and enhances its role as a profitable advertising vehicle. 节目安排使人生活在无休止的恐惧之中，唯恐抓不住人们的注意力——不管是什么人的注意力都担心。 Programmers live in constant fear of losing anyone's attention—anyone's. 避免造成这一局面的最有把握的办法就是使一切节目都保持简短，不要使任何人的注意力过于集中而受到损害，而要通过多样化、新奇性、动作和行动不断地提供刺激。 The surest way to avoid doing so is to keep everything brief， not to strain the attention of anyone but instead to provide constant stimulation through variety， novelty， action and movement. 很简单，电视的运作原则就是迎合观众的注意力跨度短这一特点。 Quite simply， television operates on the appeal to the short attention span. 这只是最简单的解决办法，但它逐渐被看作是电视这一宣传媒体特定的，内在固有的性质，是必须履行的职责，似乎是司令萨尔诺夫或另一个令人敬畏的电视创始人给我们传下了刻有铭文的石碑，命令电视上出现的一切节目均不得使观众需要片刻以上的注意力。 It is simply the easiest way out. But it has come to be regarded as a given， as inherent in the medium itself； as an imperative， as though General Sarnoff， or one of the other august pioneers of video， had bequeathed to us tablets of stone commanding that nothing in television shall ever require more than a few moments' Concentration. 要是运用得恰当，这倒也无可厚非。 In its place that is fine. 如此出色地把使人忘却现实的娱乐作为大规模推销工具加以包装，谁又能反对这样一种宣传媒介呢？ Who can quarrel with a medium that so brilliantly packages escapist entertainment as a mass-marketing tool？ 但是我看到了它的价值现已充斥于这个国家及其生活之中。 Rut I see its values now pervading this nation and its life. 认为快速思维和快餐食品一样影响着生活节奏很快、性情急躁的公众，这已成了时髦的看法。 It has become fashionable to think that， like fast food， fast ideas are the way to get to a fast-moving， impatient public. 在新闻方面，我认为这种做法不能进行很好的交流。 In the case of news， this practice， in my view， results in inefficient communication. 我怀疑电视每晚的新闻节目真正能够被人吸收和理解的有多少。 I question how much of television's nightly news effort is really absorbable and understandable. 其中许多被形象地描述为“机关枪不连贯地点射”。 Much of it is what has been aptly described as “machine-gunning with scraps.” 我认为这种技术是与连贯性作对的。 I think the technique fights coherence. 我认为它最终会使事情变得枯燥乏味、无足轻重（除非伴以恐怖的画面），因为任何一件事，如果你对它几乎一无所知，那么它差不多总会是枯燥乏味、使人觉得无足轻重的。 I think it tends to make things ultimately boring and dismissible （unless they are accompanied by horrifying pictures） because almost anything is boring and dismissible if you know almost nothing about it. 我认为，电视迎合观众注意力跨度短的做法不仅会造成交流不畅，而且还会降低文化水平。 I believe that TV's appeal to the short attention span is not only inefficient communication but decivilizing as well. 想一想电视要达到的那些极不慎重的原则吧：必须避免复杂性，用视觉刺激来代替思考，语言的精确早已是不合时宜的要求。 Consider the casual assumptions that television tends to cultivate： that complexity must be avoided， that visual stimulation is a substitute for thought， that verbal precision is an anachronism. 它可能已过时，但我所受的教育告诉我思想就是语言，是按准确的语法规则组织起来的。 It may be old-fashioned， but I was taught that thought is words， arranged in grammatically precise 在美国存在着读写能力的危机。 There is a crisis of literacy in this country. 据一项研究估计，约有3000万美国成年人是“功能性文盲”。他们的读写能力无法回答招聘广告，或读懂药瓶上的说明。 One study estimates that some 30 million adult Americans are “functionally illiterate” and cannot read or write well enough to answer the want ad or understand the instructions on a medicine bottle. 能读写可能算不上是一项不可剥夺的人权，但是我们学识渊博的开国元勋们并不感到它是不合理的或者甚至是达不到的。 Literacy may not be an inalienable human right， but it is one that the highly literate Founding Fathers might not have found unreasonable or even unattainable. 从统计数字上看，我们的国家不仅未达到人人能读写的程度，而且离这一目标越来越远。 We are not only not attaining it as a nation， statistically speaking， but we are falling further and further short of attaining it. 尽管我不会天真到认为电视是造成这一情况的原因，但我却相信它起了一定的作用，是有影响的。 And， white I would not be so simplistic as to suggest that television is the cause， 1 believe it contributes and is an influence. 美国的一切：社会结构、家庭组织形式、经济、在世界上的地位，都变得更为复杂，而不是相反。 Everything about this nation —the structure of the society， its forms of family organization， its economy， its place in the world— has become more complex， not less. 然而其占主导地位的传播媒介，全国联系的主要方式，却在人类存在的问题上推销简单的解决方式，而这些问题通常是没有简单的解决方式的。 Yet its dominating communications instrument， its principal form of national linkage， is one that sells neat resolutions to human problems that usually have no neat resolutions. 在我的心目中，那30秒钟一个的商业广告：一位家庭主妇因选对了牙膏而感到幸福的那小小的戏剧性场面就是这一切的象征。电视已使这极其成功的艺术形式成为我们文化不可缺少的一个部分了。 It is all symbolized in my mind by the hugely successful art form that television has made central to the culture，the 30-second commercial： the tiny drama of the earnest housewife who finds happiness in choosing the right toothpaste. 在人类历，几时曾有这样多的人共同把自己这样多的业余时间奉送给一件玩具，一项大众娱乐？ When before in human history has so much humanity collectively surrendered so much of its leisure to one toy， one mass diversion？ 几时曾有一个国家使自己整个地置于商品推销媒介的摆布之下？ When before has virtually an entire nation surrendered itself whole-sale to a medium for selling？ 几年前，耶鲁大学的法学教授小查尔斯？L？布莱克写道：“……被喂食本身并不是件琐碎小事。” Some years ago Yale University law professor Charles L. Black. Jr.，wrote：“…… forced feeding on trivial fare is not itself a trivial matter-” 我认为我们这个社会正在强行被喂食。 I think this society is being forced-fed with trivial fare， 我担心这一做法对我们的思维习惯，对我们的语言、我们努力的极限度及对复杂情况的兴趣等方面所造成的影响，这一点我们还只是极模糊地意识到。 and I fear that the effects on our habits of mind， our language， our tolerance for effort， and our appetite for complexity are only dimly perceived. 就算我的看法不对，用怀疑和批判的眼光来分析这个问题，来考虑如何抵制它，也不会有任何害处。 If I am wrong， we will have done no harm to look at the issue skeptically and critically，to consider how we should be resisting it. I hope you will join with me in doing so.
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lesson8-10 人生的一课 快一年了，大部分时间我都泡在家里、店铺、学校和教堂里，就像一块旧饼干，又脏又难以下咽。 For nearly a year， I sopped around the house， the Store， the school and the church， like an old biscuit， dirty and inedible. 这时我遇到或者说认识了抛给我第一根救生索的那位夫人。 Then I met， or rather got to know， the lady who threw me first lifeline. 波萨？弗劳尔斯夫人是斯坦普司黑人区中的出类拔萃的人物。 Mrs. Bertha Flowers was the aristocrat of Black Stamps. 她动作优雅，即使在最冷的天气里也不缩手缩脚，而在阿肯色州的夏日里，她似乎又有属于自己的微风环绕在她的身旁，给她带来凉爽。 She had the grace of control to appear warm in the coldest weather， and one the Arkansas summer days it seemed she had a private breeze which swirled around， cooling her. 她的皮肤深黑迷人，如果被挂住就会像李子皮一样剥落，但没有人敢离她近点，碰皱她的衣服，更不要说挂住她的皮肤了。 Her skin was a rich black that would have peeled like a plum if snagged， but then no one would have thought of getting close enough to Mrs. Flowers to ruffle her dress， let alone snag her skin. 她不太喜欢亲近，另外她还带着手套。 She didn't encourage familiarity. She wore gloves too. 她是我所知道的为数不多的有气质的女士之一，并且是我做人的楷模，影响了我一生。 She was one of the few gentlewomen I have ever known， and has remained throughout my life the measure of what a human being can be. 我被她深深地吸引，因为她像是我从没有亲身遇到过的那些人。 She appealed to me because she was like people I had never met personally. 她就像英国小说中的女人，走在沼泽地里（不管是什么地方），一群忠实的狗奔跑在她们的身旁，并与她们保持一定的距离以示尊敬。 Like women in English novels who walked the moors （whatever they were） with their loyal dogs racing at a respectful distance. 她就像坐在炉火熊熊的壁炉前的女人，不时从装满蛋糕和松脆饼的银盘中取东西喝。 Like the women who sat in front of roaring fireplaces， drinking tea incessantly from silver trays full of scones and crumpets. 她就像走在“石南丛生的荒野”中，读着用摩洛哥山羊皮装订的书的那些女人，而且有用连字符隔开的两个姓。 Women who walked over the “heath” and read morocco-bound books and had two last names divided by a hyphen. 可以肯定地说，是她本人使我为自己是个黑人而感到骄傲。 It would be safe to say that she made me proud to be Negro， just by being herself. 那个在我的记忆中如甜奶般鲜活的夏日的午后，她来我们的店里买东西。 One summer afternoon， sweet-milk fresh in my memory， she stopped at the Store to buy provisions. 换了另外一个同她身体情况和年龄相当的黑人妇女就会一只手把纸袋拎回家去，但奶奶却说，“弗劳尔斯大姐，让贝利帮你把东西送回家去。” Another Negro woman of her health and age would have been expected to carry the paper sacks home in one hand， but Momma said， “Sister Flowers， I'll send Bai-ley up to your house with these things.” “谢谢您，汉德森夫人。但我想让玛格丽特帮我送回去。” “Thank you， Mrs. Henderson. I'd prefer Marguerite， though.” 她说我名字时，我的名字也变得动听起来。 My name was beautiful when she said it. “反正我一直想跟她谈一谈。”她们互相对视了一下，其间的意思只有她们这些同龄人才明白。 “I've been mean-ins to talk to her， anyway.” They gave each other agegroup looks. 在石头路旁有一条小路，弗劳尔斯夫人在前面摆动着胳膊，在碎石路上小心地走着。 There was a little path beside the rocky road， and Mrs. Flowers walked in front swinging her arms and picking her way over the stones. 她没有回头，对我说，“听说你在学校里功课很好，玛格丽特，但那都是笔头作业。老师说他们很难让你在课堂上发言。” She said， without turning her head， to me， “I hear you're doing very good school work， Marguerite， but that it's all written. The teachers report that they have trouble getting you to talk in class. 我们走过左边三角形的农场，路变宽了，可以允许我们并排走在一起。但我畏缩地走在后面，想着那些没有问出口也无法回答的问题。 We passed the triangular farm on our left and the path widened to allow us to walk together. I hung back in the separate unasked and unanswerable questions. “过来和我一起走，玛格丽特。”我无法拒绝，尽管我很想。 “Come and walk along with me， Marguerite.” I couldn't have refused even if I wanted to. 她把我的名字叫得如此动听。或者更确切地说，她把每个词都说得这样清晰，我相信就是一个不懂英语的外国人也能听懂她的话。 She pronounced my name so nicely. Or more correctly， she spoke each word with such clarity that I was certain a foreigner who didn't understand English could have understood her. “现在没有人要强迫你说话——恐怕也没人能做到这一点。但是你记住，语言是人类进行沟通的方式，是语言将人类同低等动物区分开来。” “Now no one is going to make you talk —possibly no one can. But bear in mind， language is man's way of communicating with his fellow man and it is language alone which separates him from the lower animals.” 这对我来说是一个全新的观点，我需要些时间认真考虑一下。 That was a totally new idea to me， and I would need time to think about it. “你奶奶说你读了很多书，一有机会就读。这很好，但还不够好，言语的含义不仅是写在纸上的那点。它需要人的声音赋予它深层含义的细微差别。” “Your grandmother says you read a lot. Every chance you get. That's good， but not good enough. Words mean more than what is set down on paper. It takes the human voice to infuse them with the shades of deeper meaning. ” 我记住了有关声音赋予言语更多内涵的话。这些话听起来是那么正确，那么富有诗意。 I memorized the part about the human voice infusing words. It seemed so valid and poetic. 她说她要给我一些书，要我不仅阅读这些书，还要大声朗读。 She said she was going to give me some books and that I not only must read them， I must read them aloud. 她建议我用尽可能丰富的语调去读每一句话。 She suggested that i try to make a sentence sound in as many different ways as possible. “如果你草草读完这些书就还给我的话，我不接受任何理由。” “I'll accept no excuse if you return a book to me that has been badly handled.” 我想像不出如果我真的没有认真读弗劳尔斯夫人的某一本书，将会受到怎样的惩罚。让我去死恐怕是太仁慈太干脆了。 My imagination boggled at the punishment I would deserve if in fact I did abuse a book of Mrs. Flowers'。 Death would be too kind and brief. 房子里的气味让我有点吃惊。 The odors in the house surprised me. 不知什么缘故，我从来没有将弗劳尔斯夫人与食物、吃饭或是平常人的琐事联系起来。 Somehow I had never connected Mrs. Flowers with food or eating or any other common experience of common people. 那里一定也有户外厕所，但我一点也记不起来了。 There must have been an outhouse， too， but my mind never recorded it. 她打开门，香草的芬芳迎面扑来。 The sweet scent of vanilla had met us as she opened the door. “今天早上我做了些茶点。你瞧，我早打算好要请你来吃点心、柠檬水，这样我们就可以聊一会了。柠檬水正放在冰盒子里呢。” “I made tea cookies this morning. You see， I had planned to invite you for cookies and lemonade so we could have this little chat. The lemonade is in the icebox.” 这意味着弗劳尔斯夫人平时也买冰，而镇上大多数人家只是在星期六下午才买冰，放在木头做的冰淇凌冷藏机内，整个夏天也不过只买几次。 It followed that Mrs. Flowers would have ice on an ordinary day， when most families in our town bought ice late on Saturdays only a few times during the summer to be used in the wooden ice-cream freezers. “坐吧，玛格丽特，坐到那边桌子旁。” “Have a seat， Marguerite. Over there by the table.” 她端着一个用茶布盖着的盘。 She carried a platter covered with a tea towel. 尽管她事先说过她已经好久没有做点心了，我还是相信就像她的其他任何东西一样，点心也会十分精美可口。 Although she warned that she hadn't tried her hand at baking sweets for some time， I was certain that like everything else about her the cookies would be perfect. 我吃点心的时候，她开始给我讲我们后来称之为“我生活中的一课”的第一部分。 As I ate she began the first of what we later called “my lesson in living.” 她告诉我不能宽容无知，但可以理解文盲。 She said that must always be intolerant of ignorance but understanding of illiteracy. 她认为有些人虽然没有上过学，但却比大学教授更有知识，甚至更聪明。 That some people， unable to go to school， were more educated and even more intelligent than college professors. 她还鼓励我认真倾听被乡下人称为常识的一些俗语。她说这些朴实谚语是一代代人集体智慧的结晶。 She encouraged me to listen carefully to what country people called mother wit. That in those homely sayings was couched the collective wisdom of generations 我吃完点心后，她把桌子打扫干净，从书架上拿了一本又厚又小的书。 When I finished the cookies she brushed off the table and brought a thick， small book from the bookcase. 我读过《双城记》，认为这本书符合我心目中浪漫主义小说的标准。 I had read A Tale of Two Cities and found it up to my standards as a romantic novel. 她翻开第一页，于是我平生第一次听到了诗朗诵。 She opened the first page and I heard poetry for the first time in my life. “这是最辉煌的时代也是最糟糕的时代……”她的声音圆润，随着言语的起伏而抑扬顿挫，就像在唱歌一样。 “It was the best of times and the worst of times. . .” Her voice slid in and curved down through and over the words. She was nearly singing. 我想看一下她读的是否真的和我过去看的一样？ I wanted to look at the pages. Were they the same that I had read？ 还是像赞美诗一样，书页上满是音符？ Or were there notes， music， lined on the pages， as in a hymn book？ 她的声音开始慢慢低沉下来。 Her sounds began cascading gently. 我听过很多次布道，因此我知道她的朗诵就要结束了，但我还没有真正听见或听懂一个词。 I knew from listening to a thousand preachers that she was nearing the end of her reading， and I hadn't really heard， heard to understand， a single word. “你觉得怎么样？” “How do you like that？” 我这才意识到她在期待我的回答。 It occurred to me that she expected a response. 我的舌间还留有香草的余味，她的朗诵对我来说很奇妙。 The sweet vanilla flavor was still on my tongue and her reading was a wonder in my ears. 我得说点什么了。 I had to speak. 我说：“是的，夫人。”我至少得说这些，我也只能说这些。 I said， “Yea， ma'am.” It was the least I could do， but it was the most also. “还有一件事。你把这本诗集拿去，背下其中的一首。下次你再来看我时，我希望你背诵给我听。” 'There s one more thing. Take this book of poems and memorize one for me. Next time you pay me a visit， I want you to recite.“ 在经历了成年后的复杂生活后，我多次试图弄清楚为什么当年她送给我的礼物一下子就让我陶醉了。 I have tried often to search behind the sophistication of years for the enchantment I so easily found in those gifts. 书中的内容已经忘却，但余韵仍存。 The essence escapes but its aura remains. 被准许，不，是被邀请进入一群陌生人的私人生活中，与他们共同分享喜悦和恐惧，这使我读贝奥武夫时就犹如喝一杯蜜酒，读奥立佛？特威斯特时，犹如饮一杯热奶茶，忘记了那犹如南方苦艾酒般的痛苦经历。 To be allowed， no， invited， into the private lives of strangers， and to share their joys and fears， was a chance to exchange the Southern bitter wormwood for a cup of mead with Be-owulf or a hot cup of tea and milk with Oliver Twist. 当我大声地说“这比我做过的任何一件事都好得多”时，我眼中涌出了爱的泪水，那是为了自己的忘我 When I said aloud， “It is a far， far better thing that I do， than I have ever done…” tears of love filled my eyes at my selflessness. 在我第一次去她家回来，我跑下山去冲到马路上（路上很少有车经过），快到店铺时我还居然没忘了停下来。 On that first day， I ran down the hill and into the road （few cars ever came along it） and had the good sense to stop running before I reached the Store. 有人喜欢我，这是多么的不同啊。 was liked， and what a difference it made. 有人尊敬我，并不是因为我是汉德森夫人的外孙女或是贝利的妹妹，而是因为我是玛格丽特？约翰逊。 I was respected not as Mrs. Henderson's grandchild or Bailey's sister but for just being Marguerite Johnson. 孩提时的逻辑永远不需要证实（所有的结论都是绝对的）。 Childhood's logic never asks to be proved （all conclusions are absolute）。 我从来没有想过为什么弗劳尔斯夫人会选中我来表示关怀，也从来没想过也许是奶奶曾请求她开导我一下。 1 didn't question why Mrs. Flowers had singled me out for attention， nor did it occur to me that Momma might have asked her to give me a little talking to. 我只关心她曾给我做点心吃，还给我读她最喜欢的书。这些足以证明她喜欢我 All I cared about was that she had made tea cookies for me and read to me from her favorite book. It was enough to prove that she liked me. 奶奶和贝利在店铺里等我。 Momma and Bailey were waiting inside the Store. 他问：“她给了你什么？”他已经看到那些书了，但我把装着他那份点心的纸袋放在怀里，用诗集挡住。 He said. “My， what did she give you？” He had seen the books， but I held the paper sack with his cookies in my arms shielded by the poems. 奶奶说：“小姐，我知道你的举止像位女士。 Momma said， “Sister， I know you acted like a little lady. That do my heart good to see settled people take to you all. 我已经尽努力了，上帝知道，但这些天……“她的声音低下来，”快去把衣服换了。 I'm trying my best， the Lord knows， but these days…“ Her voice trailed off. ”Go on in and change your dress.
Lesson One Rock Superstars 关于我们和我们的社会，他们告诉了我们些什么？ What Do They Tell Us About Ourselves and Our Society？ 摇滚乐是青少年叛逆的音乐。 ——摇滚乐评论家约相？罗克韦尔 Rock is the music of teenage rebellion. —— John Rockwell， rock music critic 知其崇拜何人便可知其人。 ——小说家罗伯特？佩恩？沃伦 By a man's heroes ye shall know him. —— Robert Penn Warren， novelist 1972年6月的一天，芝加哥圆形剧场挤满了大汗淋漓、疯狂摇摆的人们。 It was mid-June， 1972， the Chicago Amphitheater was packed， sweltering， rocking. 滚石摇滚乐队的迈克？贾格尔正在台上演唱“午夜漫步人”。 Mick Jagger of the Rolling Stones was singing “Midnight Rambler.” 演唱结束时评论家唐？赫克曼在现场。 Critic Don Heckman was there when the song ended. 他描述道：“贾格尔抓起一个半加仑的水罐沿舞台前沿边跑边把里面的水洒向前几排汗流浃背的听众。听众们蜂拥般跟随着他跑，急切地希望能沾上几滴洗礼的圣水。 “Jagger，” he said， “grabs a half-gallon jug of water and runs along the front platform， sprinkling its contents over the first few rows of sweltering listeners. They surge to follow him， eager to be touched by a few baptismal drops”。 1973年12月下旬的一天，约1.4万名歌迷在华盛顿市外的首都中心剧场尖叫着，乱哄哄地拥向台前。 It was late December， 1973， Some 14，000 screaming fans were crunching up to the front of the stage at Capital Center， outside Washington， D.C. 美国的恐怖歌星艾利丝？库珀的表演正接近尾声。 Alice Cooper， America's singing ghoul， was ending his act. 他表演的最后一幕是假装在断头台上结束自己的生命。 He ends it by pretending to end his life – with a guillotine. 他的“头”落入一个草篮中。 His “head” drops into a straw basket. “哎呀！”一个黑衣女孩子惊呼道：“啊！真是了不起，不是吗？”。 “Ooh，” gasped a girl dressed in black. “Oh， isn't that marvelous？” 当时，14岁的迈克珀力也在场，但他的父母不在那里。 Fourteen-year-old Mick Perlie was there too， but his parents weren't. “他们觉得他恶心，恶心，恶心，”迈克说，“他们对我说，你怎么受得了那些？” “They think he's sick， sick， sick，” Mike said. “They say to me， 'How can you stand that stuff？'” 1974年1月下旬的一天，在纽约州尤宁谷城拿骚体育场内，鲍勃？狄伦和“乐队”乐队正在为音乐会上要用的乐器调音。 It was late January， 1974. Inside the Nassau Coliseum in Uniondale， New York， Bob Dylan and The Band were tuning for a concert. 馆外，摇滚歌迷克利斯？辛格在大雨中等待着入场。 Outside， in the pouring rain， fan Chris Singer was waiting to get in. “这是朝圣，”克利斯说，“我应该跪着爬进去。” “ This is pilgrimage，” Chris said， “I ought to be crawling on my knees.” 对于这一切好评及个人崇拜，你怎么看？ How do you feel about all this adulation and hero worship？ 当米克？贾格尔的崇拜者们把他视为上帝的代表或是一个神时，你是赞成还是反对？ When Mick Jagger's fans look at him as a high priest or a god， are you with them or against them？ 你也和克利斯？辛格一样对鲍勃？狄伦怀有几乎是宗教般的崇敬吗？ Do you share Chris Singer's almost religious reverence for Bob Dylan？ 你认为他或狄伦是步入歧途吗？ Do you think he – or Dylan – is misguided？ 你也认为艾利丝？库珀令人恶心而拒不接受吗？ Do you reject Alice Cooper as sick？ 难道你会莫名其妙地被这个奇怪的小丑吸引，原因就在于他表达出你最狂热的幻想？ Or are you drawn somehow to this strange clown， perhaps because he acts out your wildest fantasies？ 这些并不是闲谈。 These aren't idle questions. 有些社会学家认为对这些问题的回答可以充分说明你在想些什么以及社会在想些什么——也就是说，有关你和社会的态度。 Some sociologists say that your answers to them could explain a lot about what you are thinking and about what your society is thinking – in other words， about where you and your society are. 社会学家欧文？霍洛威茨说：“音乐表现其时代。” “Music expressed its times，” says sociologist Irving Horowitz. 霍洛威茨把摇滚乐的舞台视为某种辩论的论坛，一个各种思想交锋的场所。 Horowitz sees the rock music arena as a sort of debating forum， a place where ideas clash and crash. 他把它看作是一个美国社会努力为自己的感情及信仰不断重新进行解释的地方。 He sees it as a place where American society struggles to define and redefine its feelings and beliefs. 他说：“重新解释是一项只有青年人才能执行的任务。只有他们才把创造与夸张、理性与运动、言语与声音、音乐与政治融为一体。” “The redefinition，” Horowitz says， “is a task uniquely performed by the young. It is they alone who combine invention and exaggeration， reason and motion， word and sound， music and politics.” 作曲兼演唱家托德？伦德格伦对这个观点表示赞同。 Todd Rundgren， the composer and singer， agrees. 他说：“摇滚乐与其说是一种音乐力量不如说是一种社会心理的表现。就连埃尔维斯？普雷斯利也并非是一种伟大的音乐力量，他只不过是体现了50年代青少年那种心灰意冷的精神状态。” “Rock music，” he says， “is really a sociological expression rather than a musical force. Even Elvis Presley wasn't really a great musical force. It's just that Elvis managed to embody the frustrated teenage spirit of the 1950s.” 毫无疑问，普雷斯利震惊了美国的成人世界。 Of course Presley horrified adult America. 报纸写社论攻击他，电视网也禁止播他，但也许埃尔维斯证实了霍洛威茨和伦德格伦的看法。 Newspapers editorialized against him， and TV networks banned him. But Elvis may have proved what Horowitz and Rundgren believe. 当他通过电视上埃德？沙利文的星期日晚间的综艺节目出现在千百万人面前时，就引起了某种辩论。 When he appeared on the Ed.Sullivan Sunday night variety show in front of millions， a kind of “debate” took place. 多数年纪大的观众眉头紧皱，而大多数年轻观众则报以掌声欢迎。 Most of the older viewers frowned， while most of the younger viewers applauded. 摇滚乐评论家们说，从埃尔维斯到艾利丝，许多歌星帮助我们的社会解说其信仰与态度。 Between Elvis and Alice， rock critics say， a number of rock stars have helped our society define its beliefs and attitudes. 鲍勃？狄伦触动了对现状不满的神经，他唱到民权、核散落物以及孤独。 Bob Dylan touched a nerve of disaffection. He spoke of civil rights， nuclear fallout， and loneliness. 他唱到变革和老一代人的迷茫，他在歌声中唱道：“这儿正发生着什么事，你不知道是什么事，对吗，琼斯先生？” He spoke of change and of the bewilderment of an older generation. “Something's happening here，” he sang. “You don't know what it is， do you， Mr.Jones？” 其他人也加入了这场辩论。 Others entered the debate. 霍洛威茨说，甲壳虫乐队以幽默的方式，或许还借助麻醉品的力量来倡导和平与虔诚。傲慢无理、打架斗殴的滚石乐队成员要求革命。杰斐逊飞机乐队的歌曲“我们能够联合”和“志愿者”（有一场革命）则是激进青年的更进一步的两项声明。 The Beatles， Horowitz said， urged peace and piety， with humor and maybe a little help from drugs. The Rolling Stones， arrogant street-fighting men， demanded revolution. The Jefferson Airplane's “We Can Be Together” and Volunteers （Got a Revolution）“ were two further statements of radical youth. 但政治并不是60年代强硬派摇滚乐所辩论的惟一主题，始终作为任何音乐永恒组成部分的情感也是一个重要题目。 But politics wasn't the only subject debated in the hard rock of the sixties. Feelings， always a part of any musical statement， were a major subject. 詹妮丝？乔普林用歌声表达自己的悲哀。 Janis Jophin sang of her sadness. 甲壳虫乐队揭示出爱与恨之间的一系列的感情。 The Beatles showed there were a range of emotions between love and hate. 以后又出现了“乐队”乐队把乡村音乐和西部音乐所表达的较为传统的观念与强硬派摇滚乐较为激进的“都市”观念结合在一起。 Then came The Band， mixing the more traditional ideas of country and western music into the more radical “city” ideas of the hard rock. 霍洛威茨认为这一成分的乡村音乐帮助听众表达了一种“摆脱这一切”，“重返过去时光”的强烈愿望。 This country element， Horowitz feels， helped its audience express an urge to “get away from it all，” to “go back to the old day. 当前最能说明霍洛威茨看法的例子之一就是约翰？丹佛，他最的歌曲《阳光照在我肩上》、《高高的落基山》和《乡间小路》把民间摇滚乐的音乐灵魂与力量结合了起来，而歌词则赞美了“往日美好时光”的朴素的欢乐。 。“ One of the best current examples of what Horotwitz is talking about is John Denver. His most notable songs – ”Sunshine on My Shoulders“， ”Rocky Mountain High“， and ”Country Road“ – combine the musical drive and power of folk rock， while the lyrics celebrate the simple joys of ”the good old days.“ 这样的例子不胜枚举。 The list could go on and on. 这些摇滚乐音乐家们和所有的艺术家一样反映出我们借以认识并形成属于自己的感情与信念。 Like all artists， these rock musicians mirror feelings and beliefs that help us see and form our own. 我们以什么来回报他们呢？当然是掌声和赞美。 What do we give them in return？ Applause and praise， of course. 在1972年的一次全国民意测验中，10％的男高中生和30％以上的女高中生都说他们最崇拜的人是超级摇滚歌星。 In one 1972， national opinion poll， more than 10 percent of the high school boys and 20 percent of the girls said their hero was a rock superstar. 此外我们给他们金钱， 商业杂志《福布斯》认为，“当今成为百万富翁的捷径是当摇滚歌星。” We also give them money. “The fastest way to become a millionaire these days，” says Forbes， a business magazine， “is to become a rock 'n' roll star.” 今天的英雄们——至少其中一部分人——告诉我们，他们很喜欢所得到的报偿。 Today's heroes – some of them， anyway – tell us they enjoy their rewards. “我暗自嘲笑这些先生们和女士们，他们从没想到过我们会成为金娃娃。”演唱这支歌曲的是“文化英雄”艾利丝？库珀。 “And I laughed to myself at the men and the ladies. Who never conceived of us billion-dollar babies.” The particular “culture hero” who sings that is Alice cooper. 可是，仍然存在着一个大问题：为什么他是文化英雄？ The big question remains： Why is he a culture hero？ 他，或者当今任何其他走红的摇滚歌星能告诉我们些什么有关他们的歌迷的事情？ What does he – or any other current rock success – tell us about his fans？ 对于我们自己和我们的社会有些什么了解？现在怎样，过去如何，将来又将向何处去？ About ourselves and our society？ Where it is， where it was， where it's heading？
1. falls in love is not you, but is the love feeling. 2. many people all like this to me said 3. I very want to protect you, but is unable side you, perhaps we only are predestined friends do not have the share. 4. love to me, is only the anesthetics. 5. thanked you once to give my recollection and joyful. 6. I had very many friends, lacked love I to think me also to be possible exactly very joyfully. 7. I thought you can say to me: Sorry, I am not the mean injure you. No, who doesn't have in love to do right by anyone, who is unfair to anyone, not to wrong. 8. you know? I may because of yours speech, a movement. Happy one all day. 9. likes suffering extreme distress, instead becomes oneself tiny. 10. lets off you, also is lets off oneself.
没必要 可以去百度查你们英语重点要发现的知识点，然后认真的背下来，这样子就可以了， 望采纳
自考英语难度不大，相当于大学里的英语三点五级A的水平，书本还是很有用的，考试的内容有30%左右是课文及后面的题目里变化过来的，通常不需要把书本全背下来，你可以对照片考试在纲里的要求来复习与整理。然后把近五年的试卷做熟，通常问题不是很大！
持之以恒，我自考英语专业的，学了三年多。