【免费定制个人学历提升方案和复习资料： 】复旦大学是重点大学，同时也是985、211、双一流大学。复旦大学，位于上海市，是中华人民共和国教育部直属、中央直管副部级建制的全国重点大学，世界一流大学建设高校(A类)，国家“985工程”、“211工程”重点建设高校，九校联盟(C9)、环太平洋大学联盟、中国大学校长联谊会、东亚研究型大学协会、新工科教育国际联盟、医学“双一流”建设联盟、长三角研究型大学联盟创始成员，中国大学智库论坛秘书处单位，入选国家”珠峰计划“、”强基计划“、”111计划“、”2011计划“、卓越医生教育培养计划、卓越法律人才教育培养计划、国家建设高水平大学公派研究生项目、新工科研究与实践项目、中国政府奖学金来华留学生接收院校、全国首批深化创新创业教育改革示范高校、首批学位授权自主审核单位，是一所世界知名、国内顶尖的综合性研究型大学。复旦大学前身是1905年创办的复旦公学，是中国最早由民间自主创办的高等学校之一。1952年院系调整后，学校成为以文理基础教学和研究为主的综合性大学。上海医科大学前身是1927年创办的国立第四中山大学医学院，是中国人自主创办的第一所国立高等医科院校。2000年，复旦大学与上海医科大学合并，组建新的复旦大学。重点大学双一流大学985、211大学下方免费学历提升方案介绍： 2018年04月自考00087英语翻译真题试卷 格式：PDF大小：377.42KB 2020年08月自考10143连锁经营原理真题试卷 格式：PDF大小：303.74KB自考/成考考试有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考考试当地政策，点击底部咨询猎考网，免费获取个人学历提升方案：
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简介：英语四六级考试是教育部主管的一项全国性的英语考试，其目的是对大学生的实际英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为大学英语教学提供测评服务。
I. 翻译的原则：准确、通顺、完整 Ⅱ.翻译步骤： 逐字翻译 词语调整（词本无意，意由境生） 顺序调整 Ⅲ.长难句翻译“三步法” 拆：连词、关系词、标点符 译： 合：按意思逐层组合成理解通顺的汉语译文 我买了好几套真题卷，每套的翻译参考答案都有些不同，这再次说明像翻译这样的主观题没有标答。我们写真题时只要抓住准确、通顺的原则就好。用“信、达、雅”的标准看只需要做到信（忠实原文）、达（通顺，即符合汉语表达习惯）。 为了做到准确完整，可以先逐字翻译（就是原文字字对译） 为了做到通顺，根据全文语篇来词语调整、顺序调整。 翻译课上大家学的句子分析，有两个目的：1.为了看懂的意思（这一点我们考英语二的同学不用害怕，150词的小短文中真正很难的复杂句最多就1-2句）2.知道如何来语序调整，比如大家常说的定语从句前置、后置，被动语态进行不要出现“被”字。 看书听课了解这些常见的翻译处理方法只是第一步有awareness，最后还要落实到“亲自动手写”上，不然容易漏掉很多细节。  2018年 ①A fifth grader gets a homework assignment to select his future career path from a list of occupations. ②He ticks “astronaut” but quickly adds “scientist” to the list and selects it as well. ③The boy is convinced that if he reads enough, he can explore as many career paths as he likes. ④And so he reads—everything from encyclopedias to science fiction novels. ⑤He reads so passionately that his parents have to institute a “no reading policy” at the dinner table. ⑥That boy was Bill Gates, and he hasn’t stopped reading yet--not even after becoming one of the most successful people on the planet. ⑦Nowadays, his reading material has changed from science fiction and reference books: recently, he revealed that he reads at least 50 nonfiction books a year. ⑧Gates chooses nonfiction titles because they explain how the world works. ⑨“Each book opens up new avenues of knowledge,” Gates says. 逐字翻译： ①一个第五年级的学生得到一份家庭作业去选择他的未来职业路径从一个职业清单中。 ②他勾选“宇航员”但很快增加“科学家”到清单上，并也选择它。 ③这个男孩被信服只要他读得够多，他可以探索和他喜欢的一样多。 ④所以他读——每件从百科全书到科幻小说。 ⑤他读如此激情以至于他的父母不得不制定“禁止读书政策”在餐桌旁。 ⑥那个男孩就是比尔盖茨，然而他还没有停止读书——没有甚至在成为这个星球上最成功的一个人。 ⑦现如今，他的阅读材料已经改变从科幻和参考书：近期，他表明他读至少50本非科幻书一年。 ⑧盖茨选择非科幻标题因为它们解释如何世界运行。 ⑨“每本书打开新的知识大道”，盖茨说。 词语、顺序调整： ①一个五年级学生的家庭作业是从一张列表中选择他未来的职业道路。 ②他勾选了“宇航员”但很快又把“科学家”加到列表上，并也勾选了它。 ③这个男孩相信，只要他读得足够多，他就可以尽情探索他喜欢的职业。 ④所以他从百科全书读到科幻小说。 ⑤他读得如此痴迷以至于他的父母不得不规定在吃饭时“禁止读书”。 ⑥那个男孩就是比尔盖茨，即便在他成为世界上最成功的人后，他也没有停止读书。 ⑦现如今，他的阅读材料已经不再是科幻小说和参考书：近期，他透露他每年至少读50本非虚幻类书籍。 ⑧盖茨选择非虚幻类书籍是因为它们能解释世界是如何运行的。 ⑨盖茨说：“每本书开辟探索新知识的大道”。 参考译文： ①一名五年级的学生拿到一份家庭作业，要求他从一系列职业列表中选出他未来的职业道路。 ②他选择了“宇航员”，但很快又将“科学家”加入名单，并将它也选上。 ③这个男孩确信如果他读的书足够多，他就能想探索多少条职业道路，就探索多少条。 ④因此他读书——从百科全书到科幻小说。 ⑤他如此狂热地阅读以致于他的父母不得不制定一条“吃饭时不许读书”的规矩。 ⑥这个男孩就是比尔盖茨，他从未停止过阅读——即便他已成为世界上最成功的人士之一。 ⑦如今，比尔盖茨的读物已经不再是科幻小说和参考书目了：最近，他透露自己每年至少阅读50本非小说类书籍。 ⑧盖茨选择非小说类书籍，是因为这些书解释了世界是如何运作的。 ⑨盖茨说：“每本书都开辟了探索知识的新路径。”
本网站我为考生们整理了“2018年12月大学英语四级考试翻译试题：皮影戏”，希望有所帮助，更多英语四级考试信息请关注本网站的及时更新哦。祝同学们考试大捷，金榜题名！
皮影戏(shadow play)是中国最古老的戏剧之一。它起源于2000多年前的古长安，盛行于唐代和宋代。在中国古代，这是一个流行的民间戏曲形式，而且它是世界电影的祖先。当时，它就像现代的电影和电视一样给人们带来欢乐。表演者跟着音乐歌唱，同时控制着皮影工具。这些戏剧的内容更多是关于传统的历史戏画中。皮影戏是世界文化和艺术大家庭中的瑰宝。
参考译文
Shadow play is one of the oldest operas in China. It was rooted in ancient Chang'an over 2,000 years ago and prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties.It was a popular folk drama in ancient China and also the ancestor of films in the worid. At that time, it brought people pleasure as modern movies and TVs do.Actors sing with the music, and control shadow tools at the same time.The contents of those plays are more about traditional historical dramas and fable stories.Shadow play is the treasure among the world's cultures and arts.
皮影戏又称“影子戏”。它是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。它们的影子通过灯光出现在帘布上。这营造了有人物在活动的幻象。有时表演者需要控制三到四个偶人。皮影戏在我国历史悠久，元代时还曾传到世界上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷，被人们亲切地称为“中国影灯”。
参考译文
The shadow puppet play, also known as ‘shadow play’, is one of China’s famous folk opera forms. During the performance, players usually sing while holing/manipulating human figures, which are made of animal skin and paper board. The shadows of those human figures are reflected on a curtain through the light. This creates the illusion of moving images. Sometimes the performer needs to control three or four puppets. Shadow puppet play enjoys a long history in China. It was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty and attracted many foreign audience. They call the art form Chinese shadow play.
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简介：英语四六级考试是教育部主管的一项全国性的英语考试，其目的是对大学生的实际英语能力进行客观、准确的测量，为大学英语教学提供测评服务。
甲骨文是中国的一种古代文字，是汉字的早期形式，也是现存中国王朝时期最古老的一种成熟文字，最早出土于河南省安阳市殷墟，在总共10余万片有字甲骨中，含有4千多不同的文字图形，其中已经识别的约有2800多字。甲骨文记录和反映了商朝的政治和经济情况，主要指中国商朝后期(前14～前11世纪)王室用于占卜吉凶记事而在龟甲或兽骨上契刻的文字，内容一般是占卜所问之事或者是所得结果。
参考译文：
The oracle bone script is an ancient script in China and contains the earliest form of Chinese characters. It is the oldest surviving script from the known dynasties. It was unearthed in Yin ruins of Anyang in Henan Province. Amongst more than 100 thousand oracle bones carved with script, there are more than 4000 different pictographs with more than 2800 recognizable characters. Oracle bone scripts record the political and economic condition of the Shang Dynasty (14BC to 11BC). These typically refer to scripts carved on tortoise shell or animal bones, some of which record the divinations of the royal family of the later Shang Dynasty. They typically contain divination questions and outcomes.
甲骨文(oracle bone script)是中国的一种古代文字，被认为是现代汉字的早期形式。甲骨文出现在商朝晚期。当时，王室为了占卜记事而在龟甲或兽骨上契刻文字。这是中国最早的成体系的文字形式，现代汉字就是由甲骨文演变而来。值得一提的是，甲骨文属于象形文字，即利用线条或笔画把物体的外形特征勾画出来。如今，汉字虽然还保留着象形文字的某些特征，但经过数千年的演变，已跟原来的形象相去甚远。
参考译文：
Oracle bone script, a form of ancient Chinese writing, is cosidered an early form of modern Chinese characters. It emerged in the late Shang Dynasty. At that time, royal families carved words on turtle shells or animal bones to keep a record of divination and events. This was China's earliest form of systematic writing, and it was from the oracle bone script that modern Chinese characters evolved. What is worth mentionting is that the oracle bone script belongs to pictograph--the use of lines or strokes to sketch out the appearance or the feature of a physical object. Today, Chinese characters still keep certain features of pictograph, but after thousands of years of evolution, they've becoe very different from their original looks.
丝绸之路是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要贸易路线。我精心整理了“2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：丝绸之路”，和我一起更深入的了解一下吧!祝您考试取得好成绩哦!
“丝绸之路”是指起始于古代中国，连接亚洲、非洲和欧洲的古代路上商业贸易路线。狭义上讲指陆上丝绸之路。广义上讲分为陆上丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路。“陆上丝绸之路”形成于于公元前2世纪与公元1世纪间，直至16世纪仍保留使用，以西汉时期长安为起点(东汉时为洛阳)，经河西走廊到敦煌。“海上丝绸之路”形成于秦汉时期。
参考译文
The "Silk Road" refers to the ancient commercial trade routes starting from China and connecting Asia, Africa and Europe. In a broad sense, it is divided into the silk road on the land and silk road on the sea. The "land silk road" opened between the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD and remained in use until the 16th century. It started from Chang’an in the Western Han Dynasty (or Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty) to Dunhuang via the Gansu Corridor. The "silk road on the sea" formed in the Qin and Han Dynasty.
丝绸之路(the Silk Road)是历史上连接中国和地中海的一条重要贸易路线。因为这条路上的丝绸贸易占绝大部分，所以在1877年它 被德国的一位地理学家命名为“丝绸之路”。这条古道从长安开始， 经过河西走廊(the Hexi Corridor),到达敦煌后分成三条：南部路线， 中部路线和北部路线。这三条路遍布新疆维吾尔自治区(Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region)，然后扩展到巴基斯坦(Pakistan)，印度， 甚至罗马。
参考译文
The Silk Road is a historically important international trade route between China and the Mediterranean. Because silk comprised a large proportion of trade along this road, in 1877, it was named the Silk Road by an eminent German geographer. This ancient road begins at Chang’an, then by way of the Hexi Corridor，and it reaches Dunhuang, where it divides into three, the Southern Route，Central Route and North¬ern Route. The three routes spread all over the Xinjiang Uygur Autonomous Region, and then they extend as far as Pakistan, India and even Rome.
丝绸之路是公元前2世纪开始出现的一条联系中国和欧亚大陆的贸易通道。由于这条古老的商路最开始以丝绸贸易为主，故称为丝绸之路。这条商路也是连接古代中华文明和其他欧亚国家文明的重要纽带。正是通过丝绸之路，中国古代的四大发明——造纸术、火药、指南针、印刷术——才得以传遍各地。中国的丝绸、茶叶和瓷器由此走向世界，欧洲也通过丝绸之路向中国出口各种商品，满足中国市场的需要。作为国际贸易的通道和文化交流的桥梁，丝绸之路有效地促进了东西方经济文化的交流，并对中西方贸易、社会经济的发展乃至文明的进程都有着深远的影响。
参考译文
The Silk Road was a trade route connecting China and Eurasia, which began to emerge in the 2nd century BC. This ancient route started mainly with the trade of silk, hence the name the Silk Road. This trade route was also an important link connecting ancient Chinese civilization with that of other countries across Asia and Europe. It was through the Silk Road that ancient China’s Four Great Inventions, namely papermaking, gunpowder, compass, and printing, were spread to the rest of the world. China’s silk, tea, and porcelain were spread across the world through the Silk Road, and also exported its commodities to China by means of the Road toEurope meet the need of the Chinese market. As an international trade channel and a cultural bridge, the Silk Road effectively promoted the Eastern and Western economic and cultural exchanges, and it had a profound impact on Chinese and Western trade, social and economic development, and even the process of civilization.
“丝绸之路”是指起始于古代中国，连接亚洲、非洲和欧洲的古代路上商业贸易路线。狭义上讲指陆上丝绸之路。广义上讲分为陆上丝绸之路和海上丝绸之路。“陆上丝绸之路”形成于于公元前2世纪与公元1世纪间，直至16世纪仍保留使用，以西汉时期长安为起点(东汉时为洛阳)，经河西走廊到敦煌。“海上丝绸之路”形成于秦汉时期。
参考译文
The "Silk Road" refers to the ancient commercial trade routes starting from China and connecting Asia, Africa and Europe. In a broad sense, it is divided into the silk road on the land and silk road on the sea. The "land silk road" opened between the 2nd century BC and the 1st century AD and remained in use until the 16th century. It started from Chang’an in the Western Han Dynasty (or Luoyang in the Eastern Han Dynasty) to Dunhuang via the Gansu Corridor. The "silk road on the sea" formed in the Qin and Han Dynasty.
本网站我为考生们整理了“2018年12月大学英语四级考试翻译试题：皮影戏”，希望有所帮助，更多英语四级考试信息请关注本网站的及时更新哦。祝同学们考试大捷，金榜题名！
皮影戏(shadow play)是中国最古老的戏剧之一。它起源于2000多年前的古长安，盛行于唐代和宋代。在中国古代，这是一个流行的民间戏曲形式，而且它是世界电影的祖先。当时，它就像现代的电影和电视一样给人们带来欢乐。表演者跟着音乐歌唱，同时控制着皮影工具。这些戏剧的内容更多是关于传统的历史戏画中。皮影戏是世界文化和艺术大家庭中的瑰宝。
参考译文
Shadow play is one of the oldest operas in China. It was rooted in ancient Chang'an over 2,000 years ago and prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties.It was a popular folk drama in ancient China and also the ancestor of films in the worid. At that time, it brought people pleasure as modern movies and TVs do.Actors sing with the music, and control shadow tools at the same time.The contents of those plays are more about traditional historical dramas and fable stories.Shadow play is the treasure among the world's cultures and arts.
皮影戏又称“影子戏”。它是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。它们的影子通过灯光出现在帘布上。这营造了有人物在活动的幻象。有时表演者需要控制三到四个偶人。皮影戏在我国历史悠久，元代时还曾传到世界上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷，被人们亲切地称为“中国影灯”。
参考译文
The shadow puppet play, also known as ‘shadow play’, is one of China’s famous folk opera forms. During the performance, players usually sing while holing/manipulating human figures, which are made of animal skin and paper board. The shadows of those human figures are reflected on a curtain through the light. This creates the illusion of moving images. Sometimes the performer needs to control three or four puppets. Shadow puppet play enjoys a long history in China. It was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty and attracted many foreign audience. They call the art form Chinese shadow play.
2018年12月大学英语四级考试已经结束了，各位同学们发挥的怎么样呢?很多考生迫不及待的想要估算一下自己的分数，不要着急，考试栏目组我为大家带来了本次四级阅读真题答案，想知道更多，请关注本网站吧！
2018年12月大学英语六级考试已经结束了，各位同学们发挥的怎么样呢?很多考生迫不及待的想要估算一下自己的分数，不要着急，考试网我为大家带来了本次英语六级考试真题及答案，大家一起看看吧。
英语六级翻译题目
中国越来越重视公共图书馆，并鼓励人们充分加以利用。新近公布的统计数字表明，中国的公共图书馆数量在逐年增长。许多图书馆通过翻新和扩建，为读者创造了更为安静、舒适的环境。大型公共图书馆不仅提供种类繁多的参考资料，而且定期举办讲座、展览等活动。近年来，也出现了许多数字图书馆，从而节省了存放图书所需的空间。一些图书馆还推出了自助服务系统，使读者借书还书更加方便，进一步满足了读者的需求。
精简结构
①中国。。。重视。。。图书馆，并鼓励人们。。。利用。
②。。。数字表明，。。。数量在。。。增长。
③。。。图书馆通过。。。，为。。。创造了。。。的环境。
④。。。图书馆不仅提供。。。，而且。。。举办。。。活动。
⑤近年来，也出现了。。。图书馆，从而节省了。。。空间。
⑥。。。图书馆。。。推出了。。。系统，使读者。。。方便，。。。满足了。。。需求。
参考译文
China is paying more and more attention to public libraries， and people are encouraged to make full use of them。 The newly published statistics show that the number of public libraries in China is increasing year by year。 Many libraries have created a quieter and more comfortable environment for readers through refurbishment and expansion。 Large public libraries not only provide a wide variety of reference materials， but also regularly hold activities such as lectures， exhibitions and so on。 In recent years， there have also been many digital libraries which can save the space to store books。 Some libraries have also introduced self-service systems， making it more convenient for readers to borrow and return books， which further meets the needs of readers。
2018年12月大学英语六级考试已经结束了，各位同学们发挥的怎么样呢?很多考生迫不及待的想要估算一下自己的分数，不要着急，考试网我为大家带来了本次英语六级考试真题及答案，大家一起看看吧。
英语六级翻译题目
近年来，中国越来越多的博物馆免费向公众开放。博物馆展览次数和参观人数都明显增长。在一些广受欢迎的博物馆门前，排长队已很常见。这些博物馆必须采取措施限制参观人数。如今，展览形式越来越多样。一些大型博物馆利用多媒体和虚拟现实等先进技术，使展览更具吸引力。不少博物馆还举办在线展览，人们可在网上观赏珍稀展品。然而，现场观看展品的体验对大多数参观者还是更具吸引力。
精简结构
①近年来，。。。博物馆。。。开放。
②。。。次数和。。。人数。。。增长。
③在。。。门前，排长队。。。很常见。
④。。。博物馆。。。采取措施限制。。。人数。
⑤如今，。。。形式越来越多样。
⑥。。。博物馆利用。。。技术，使展览。。。。
⑦。。。博物馆。。。举办。。。展览，人们可在。。。观赏。。。展品。
⑧然而，。。。的体验。。。更具吸引力。
参考译文
In recent years， more and more museums in China have been opened to the public for free。 The number of museum exhibitions and visitors have increased significantly。 Queuing up in front of some popular museums is very common， and these museums must take measures to restrict the number of visitors。 Today， the form of exhibitions is becoming more diverse。 Some large museums use advanced technologies such as multimedia and virtual reality to make exhibitions more attractive。 Many museums also hold online exhibitions where people can view rare exhibits on the internet 。 However， the experience of viewing exhibits on site is still more attractive to most visitors。
精简结构
①In recent years， more and more museums in China have been opened to the public for free。
②The number of museum exhibitions and visitors have increased significantly。
③Queuing up in front of some popular museums is very common。
④These museums must take measures to restrict the number of visitors。
⑤Today， the form of exhibitions is becoming more diverse。
⑥Some large museums use advanced technologies such as multimedia and virtual reality to make exhibitions more attractive。
⑦Many museums also hold online exhibitions where people can view rare exhibits on the internet
⑧However， the experience of viewing exhibits on site is still more attractive to most visitors。
近年来，中国政府进一步加大体育馆建设投资，以更好地满足人们快速增长的健身需求。除了新建体育馆外，许多城市还采取了改造旧工厂和商业建筑等措施，来增加当地体育馆的数量。在政府资金的支持下，越来越多的体育馆向公众免费开放，或者只收取少量费用。许多体育馆通过应用现代信息技术大大提高了服务质量。人们可以方面地先预定场地和付费。可以预见，随着运动设施的不断完善，愈来愈多的人将会去体育馆健身。
参考答案
In recent years, the Chinese government has made more investment into the construction of gymnasiums to meet the people's rapidly-growing demands for bodybuilding. Besides, many cities have increased the number of gymnasiums by modifying old factories and commercial buildings. Under the support of the government's fund, more and more gymnasiums are open to the public for free or for a low fee. Many have improved their service through modern information technology so that people can book and pay in advance. It can be predicted that with the continuous improvement of sports facilities, more and more people will do exercise in gymnasium.
孔庙坐落于山东省曲阜市南门内，是纪念我国伟大思想家、教育家孔子的祠庙建筑，也是一组具有东方风格的大型建筑群。我整理了“2018下半年英语四级考试翻译试题：孔庙”，一起来看看吧!希望您能有所收获!
孔庙(Temple of Confucius)坐落于山东省曲阜市南门内，是纪念我国伟大思想家、教育家孔子的祠庙建筑(templebuilding)，也是一组具有东方风格的大型建筑群。由于孔子创立的儒家思想(Confucianism)对于维护社会统治安定所起到的重要作用，孔庙便被古代帝王所器重。在古代经常举办祭孔典礼，或者是由皇帝自己，或者是由皇帝委任的髙级官员。祭孔的规模和祭天一样宏大。由此，孔子在历史上的重要地位便可见一斑。
参考译文：
Located inside the south gate of Qufu, Shandong, the Temple of Confucius is a large complex of temple buildings in oriental style in memory of Confucius, China's great thinker and educator. The importance of Confucianism created by Confucius in maintaining the social ruling stability made ancient emperors put a high value on the Temple of Confucius. In ancient times sacrifices were often offered to Confucius, either by Emperors themselves, or by emperor-appointed high officials. The scale of offering sacrifices to Confucius was as grand as that given to the Heaven. This gives us an idea of the importance of Confucius in history.
孔庙(Temples of Confucius)是纪念我国伟大思想家、教育家孔子的祠庙建筑。中国孔庙很多，孔子故里曲阜的孔庙最大、最有名。该庙位于山东曲阜南门内，是一组具有东方风格的宏伟建筑群。曲阜孔庙建于公元前478年，即孔子逝世的第二年。这里经常举行祭孔仪式。现存孔庙在明清时期经过重建和翻修，模仿皇宫规制，共有九进院落。主建筑沿南北中轴线分布，其他建筑左右对称。
参考译文：
Temples of Confucius are temple constructions memorizing Confucius, China's great thinker and educator. Among the many Temples of Confucius in China, the one in Qufu, the hometown of Confucious, is the largest and the most famous. Located inside the south gate of Qufu, Shangdong Province, the Temple of Confucius is a group of grand buildings built in oriental style. The Temple was built in the year of 478 BC, the second year after the death of Confucius. Sacrifices were often offered to the sage. The temple standing today was rebuilt and renovated during the Ming and Qing dynasties. Patterned after a royal palace, it is divided into nine courtyards. The main buildings run along a north-to-south axis, with the attached buildings symmetrically in line.
【免费定制个人学历提升方案和复习资料： 】自考毕业论文申请时间：上半年6月左右、下半年12月左右，具体日期详见各地考办公告。自考毕业论文申请条件：1、完成自考专业所规定的实践性环节课程考核并取得合格成绩。2、思想品德经鉴定符合要求者。3、完成自考专业考试计划规定的理论课程且考试成绩合格者。符合以上条件者可以到当地自考办办理自考毕业论文申请。自考毕业论文申请手续：考生在办理毕业论文申请时需要持准考证、最高毕业证书、各科考试成绩单及免考证明到当地自考办进行资格审定。自考生在通过资格审定后在规定时间到主考院校办理交费手续，并依据考生事先申报的选题方向为考生指定指导老师，同时由主考院校向自考生发放撰写毕业论文的具体材料等信息，告知自考生论文的要求、论文参考题目、答辩时间等。考生在与指导老师取得联系后便可进行论文撰写工作。自考毕业论文下方免费学历提升方案介绍： 2018年04月自考00923行政法与行政诉讼法（一）真题试卷 格式：PDF大小：245.28KB 2018年04月自考00087英语翻译真题试卷 格式：PDF大小：377.42KB 201404自考00015英语(二)真题 格式：PDF大小：104.88KB 2018年10月自考00143经济思想史真题试卷 格式：PDF大小：327.73KB自考/成考考试有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考考试当地政策，点击底部咨询猎考网，免费获取个人学历提升方案：
甲骨文是中国的一种古代文字，是汉字的早期形式，也是现存中国王朝时期最古老的一种成熟文字，最早出土于河南省安阳市殷墟，在总共10余万片有字甲骨中，含有4千多不同的文字图形，其中已经识别的约有2800多字。甲骨文记录和反映了商朝的政治和经济情况，主要指中国商朝后期(前14～前11世纪)王室用于占卜吉凶记事而在龟甲或兽骨上契刻的文字，内容一般是占卜所问之事或者是所得结果。
参考译文：
The oracle bone script is an ancient script in China and contains the earliest form of Chinese characters. It is the oldest surviving script from the known dynasties. It was unearthed in Yin ruins of Anyang in Henan Province. Amongst more than 100 thousand oracle bones carved with script, there are more than 4000 different pictographs with more than 2800 recognizable characters. Oracle bone scripts record the political and economic condition of the Shang Dynasty (14BC to 11BC). These typically refer to scripts carved on tortoise shell or animal bones, some of which record the divinations of the royal family of the later Shang Dynasty. They typically contain divination questions and outcomes.
甲骨文(oracle bone script)是中国的一种古代文字，被认为是现代汉字的早期形式。甲骨文出现在商朝晚期。当时，王室为了占卜记事而在龟甲或兽骨上契刻文字。这是中国最早的成体系的文字形式，现代汉字就是由甲骨文演变而来。值得一提的是，甲骨文属于象形文字，即利用线条或笔画把物体的外形特征勾画出来。如今，汉字虽然还保留着象形文字的某些特征，但经过数千年的演变，已跟原来的形象相去甚远。
参考译文：
Oracle bone script, a form of ancient Chinese writing, is cosidered an early form of modern Chinese characters. It emerged in the late Shang Dynasty. At that time, royal families carved words on turtle shells or animal bones to keep a record of divination and events. This was China's earliest form of systematic writing, and it was from the oracle bone script that modern Chinese characters evolved. What is worth mentionting is that the oracle bone script belongs to pictograph--the use of lines or strokes to sketch out the appearance or the feature of a physical object. Today, Chinese characters still keep certain features of pictograph, but after thousands of years of evolution, they've becoe very different from their original looks.
中国土地广阔，人口众多。尽管全国都讲汉语，但是不同地区的人说汉语的方式不同，这被称为方言。方言一般被称为地方话，是汉语在不同地区的分支，只在特定地区使用。汉语方言非常复杂。它们有以下三方面不同：发音、词汇和语法。发音的区别最为显著。2000多年前，中国人发现社交时应该使用统一的语言。和方言相比，普通话(mandarin)能被所有人理解。普通话有利于不同种族、地区人民之间的信息传递和文化交流。
参考译文：
China has a vast land and a large population. Eventhough the Chinese language is spoken all over thecountry, people in different areas speak it in differentways, which are called dialects. Generally called locallanguages, dialects are branches of the Chineselanguage in different regions, and are only used in certain areas. Dialects of the Chineselanguage are very complicated. They differ from each other in three aspects: pronunciation,vocabulary and grammar. And the difference in pronunciation is the most outstanding. Over2,000 years ago, Chinese people realized that a common language should be used in socialactivities. Compared with dialects，mandarin can be understood by all people. It is beneficialto information transmission and cultural exchange between ethnic groups and people indifferent places..
汉语方言作为地方文化的一种，是中国民族文化不可缺少的部分。中国式一个多民族、多语言的国家。汉族社会在发展过程中出现过不同程度的分化，因而逐渐产生了汉语方言。现代汉语有各种不同的方言，分布的区域很广。在现代汉语的几大方言中，北方方言源于古汉语，是经过数千年在广大北方地区发展起来的。现代汉语各方言之间的差异表现在语音、词汇、语法各个方面，语音方面尤为突出，但它们不是独立于汉语之外的另一种语言。
参考译文：
As part of local culture, Chinese dialects are an indispensable part of Chinese national culture. China is a multi-ethnic and multi-lingual country. In the process of its development, the Han Chinese society went through divisions at different levels, so the Chinese language was gradually mixed with dialects. Modern Chinese language comprises various dialects from widely distributed areas. One of the few major dialects in modern Chinese is the northern dialect which was derived from the ancient Chinese language after thousands of years of development in the vast northern region. The differences of various dialects in modern Chinese can be seen in pronunciation, vocabulary, and grammar, especially pronunciation, but none is a separate language independent of Chinese.
汉语因汉族社会在发展过程中出现过程度不同的分化和统一而逐渐产生了方言(dialect)。现代汉语有各种不同的方言，他们分布的区域很广。现代汉语各方言之间的差异表现在语音、词汇、语法三个方面，语音方面尤为突出。但由于这些方言和共同语之间在语音上都有一定的对应规律，词汇、语法方面也有许多相同之处.因此它们不是独立的语言。当前语言学界对现代汉语方言划分的意见还未完全达成一致，大多数人认为现代汉语有七大方言。
参考译文：
As Chinese ban society experienced various degrees of division and unification in the process of development，the dialects gradually emerged.Modem Chinese has numerous dialects spreading widely among various regions.The differences among dialects are apparent，which are shown in three aspects，that is pronunciation， vocabulary and grammar，and the most notable difference lies in pronunciation. However，the dialects follow the same rules correspondingly with the Chinese language，also have similarities in vocabulary and grammar with it.so none of which truly exists as a unique language.Nowadays，the linguist experts have not reached a consensus as to how to categorize these modem Chinese dialects，but the majority of people argue that there are seven major dialects.
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皮影戏(shadow play)是中国最古老的戏剧之一。它起源于2000多年前的古长安，盛行于唐代和宋代。在中国古代，这是一个流行的民间戏曲形式，而且它是世界电影的祖先。当时，它就像现代的电影和电视一样给人们带来欢乐。表演者跟着音乐歌唱，同时控制着皮影工具。这些戏剧的内容更多是关于传统的历史戏画中。皮影戏是世界文化和艺术大家庭中的瑰宝。
参考译文
Shadow play is one of the oldest operas in China. It was rooted in ancient Chang'an over 2,000 years ago and prevailed in the Tang and Song Dynasties.It was a popular folk drama in ancient China and also the ancestor of films in the worid. At that time, it brought people pleasure as modern movies and TVs do.Actors sing with the music, and control shadow tools at the same time.The contents of those plays are more about traditional historical dramas and fable stories.Shadow play is the treasure among the world's cultures and arts.
皮影戏又称“影子戏”。它是中国著名民间戏剧形式之一。表演时艺人通常一边演唱一边操纵用兽皮或纸板制作的人物形象。它们的影子通过灯光出现在帘布上。这营造了有人物在活动的幻象。有时表演者需要控制三到四个偶人。皮影戏在我国历史悠久，元代时还曾传到世界上很多国家，迷倒了不少国外戏迷，被人们亲切地称为“中国影灯”。
参考译文
The shadow puppet play, also known as ‘shadow play’, is one of China’s famous folk opera forms. During the performance, players usually sing while holing/manipulating human figures, which are made of animal skin and paper board. The shadows of those human figures are reflected on a curtain through the light. This creates the illusion of moving images. Sometimes the performer needs to control three or four puppets. Shadow puppet play enjoys a long history in China. It was introduced to many countries during the Yuan Dynasty and attracted many foreign audience. They call the art form Chinese shadow play.