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Ⅰ。用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中，选出一个正确答案。（每小题1分，共30分） 1. I knew the thing （ ）。 A. by accident B. in accident C. with accident D. at accident 2. So they （ ） the bad news gently-her husband was dead. A. broke B. let on C. murmured D. muttered 3. She had changed so much over the years that I hardly （ ） her. A. recreated B. realized C. recognized D. reacted 4. My grandmother was physically （ ） after her tears. A. tired B. exhausted C. fatigued D. tire 5. The new library is equipped with various protections （ ） fire. A. from B. of C. under D. against 6. He gave a good （ ） in the “Sydney 2000”，defeating every opponent in contests. A. amount B. announce C. arouse D. account 7. The old professor （ ） himself to the cause of education. A. influenced B. was devoided C. devolved on D. devoted 8. The meeting is （ ）a proposal to construct a new swimming pool. A. in connection with B. in view of C. in comparison D. on account of 9. There are many （ ） between them.Maybe they are twins. A. specimens B. instruments C. differences D. resemblances 10. How did it come （ ） that you made a lot of mistakes in your homework. A. about B. with C. after D. to 11. The medicine had no （ ） on him. A. affection B. effect C. affect D. effective 12. It was 10 o‘clock when the train （ ） into New York. A. drew B. entered C. pulled D. dragged 13. Four days later，a headline about a burglary （ ） his eye. A. caught B. met C. took D. taught 14. A friend of my wife （ ） at her kids one day when they were running out to meet a trash truck. A. yelled B. abandoned C. indulged D. flung 15. If a woman is fat in a pleasant looking way，we say she is （ ）。 A. plump B. ugly C. slender D. handsome 16. （ ） with his achievement，mine is not achievement at all. A. When compared B. While comparing C. Compare D. Comparing 17. I should very much like to have gone to the party，but I（ ）。 A. am not invited B. am not being invited C. shall not be invited D. was not invited 18. I‘ll buy one （ ） it costs. A. whichever B. however C. whateve r D. whenever 19. Nowhere else in the world （ ） more attractive scenery than in Switzerland. A. you can find B. in found C. can you find D. had been found 20. （ ），she went back to her room. A. There was no cause for alarm B. Being no cause for alarm C. Without having cause for alarm D. There being no cause for alarm 21. This is the second time she （ ） improvement in that equipment. A. had made B. made C. is making D. has made 22. She found one excuse after another to postpone （ ） to the doctor. A. to go B. going C. to have gone D. having gone 23. The further this process is allowed to go，（ ） it will be to reverse it. A. the more difficult B. the more easier C. the more easy D. more difficult 24. This is the refrigerator （ ） we have had so much trouble. A. with which B. of which C. at which D. to which 25. （ ） you were ill，I wouldn‘t have spoken so rudely. A. If I have realized B. If I had realized C. Did I realize D. Should I realize 26. You （ ） yesterday if you were really serious about the job. A. ought to come B. ought have come C. ought come D. ought to have come 27. Our English teacher is （ ）。 A. James and Mary‘s father B. James‘s and Mary’s father C. Jame‘s and Mary’s father D. James‘ and Mary’s father 28. When you （ ） your house，please tell me. A. finish to paint B. will finish paint C. finish paint D. have finished painting 29. （ ） becoming less and less is of great concern to all the people in the world. A. Is water B. Water is C. That water is D. Water 30. Economic goods may take the form （ ） of material things or services. A. either B. because C. as D. or Ⅱ。认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题，根据短文的内容从四个选项中选择一个答案。（每小题1分，共10分） Passage 1 Reading is the key to school success and，like any skill，it takes practice.A child learns to walk by practicing until he no longer has to think about how to put one foot in front of the other.A great athlete practices until he can play quickly and accurately without thinking.Tennis players call that “being in the zone.” Educators call it “automaticity”。 A child learns to read by sounding out the letters and decoding（辨识）the words.With practice，he stumbles less and less，reading by the phrase.With automaticity，he doesn‘t have to think about decoding the words，so he can concentrate on the meaning of the text. It can begin as early as first grade.In a recent study of children in Illinois schools，Alan Rossman of Northwestern University found automatic readers in the first grade who were reading almost three times as fast as the other children and scoring twice as high on comprehension tests.At fifth grade，the automatic readers were reading twice as fast as the others，and still outscoring them on accuracy，comprehension and vocabulary. “It‘s not I.Q.（智商） but the amount of time a child spends reading that is the key to automaticity，”according to Rossman.Any child who spends at least 3.5 to 4 hours a week reading books，magazines or newspapers will in all likelihood reach automaticity.At home，where the average child spends 25 hours a week watching television，it can happen by turning off the set just one night in favor of reading. You can test your child by giving him a paragraph or two to read aloud-something unfamiliar but appropriate to his age.If he reads aloud with expression，with a sense of the meaning of the sentences，he probably is an automatic reader.If he reads haltingly，one word at a time，without expression or meaning，he needs more practice. 31. The first paragraph tells us （ ）。 A. what automaticity is B. how accuracy is acquired C. how a child learns to walk D. how an athlete is trained 32. The Illinois study shows that the automatic reader‘s high speed （ ）。 A. costs him a lot of work B. affects his comprehension C. leads to his future success D. doesn‘t affect his comprehension 33. The word outscoring in paragraph 3 means （ ）。 A. scoring higher than B. scoring lower than C. scoring as high as D. scoring unfavorably in 34. Which of the following is not mentioned in the passage？（ ） A. Practice can make people learn quickly and accurately. B. A child always learns to read by sounding out the letters and decoding the words. C. The amount of time a child spends reading is the key to automaticity. D. If a child reads slowly without expressions or meaning，most probably he is not an automatic reader. 35. What is the main idea of the passage？（ ） A. Automaticity is important for efficient reading. B. Reading is the key to school success. C. The way to children‘s success. D. Children‘s I.Q. and their success. Passage 2 The world celebrated International Labor Day on the first of this month and，as the territory‘s best known labor representative，the Hong Kong Federation of Trade Unions feels the time is right to reassess priorities and restate the conditions necessary to improve the lot of workers.We also have to reassess our own role in terms of the successes and failures of trade union activity and how we can further serve the needs of workers and society.In this manner，we can give due recognition to those who have fought for workers’ rights and understand the balance of interest among different social groups. First of all，we must recognize that people need to work to earn a livelihood.In a capitalist society，however，workers are only employed when the value they produce by labor exceeds the input by the investor－that is，when they are exploited.But when employer‘s profits fall，when labor skills are a little outdated or devalued，or because of the need to increase competitive power，workers may be sacked. Union duty：A labor union，therefore，has to fight for the rights of workers.After demands by workers for legislation against unfair dismissal，the Hong Kong Government finally changed its attitude slightly at the beginning of this year by proposing legislation against unreasonable job termination or amendments of employment contracts. This is a positive move，given the relationship between employers and employees in Hong Kong.It plugs（堵，塞） loopholes（漏洞） in existing labor ordinances（法令） and reinforces the various ordinances that forbid unfair dismissal of workers.It also shows a breakthrough in bureaucratic（官僚政治的） thinking.We hope that this is a good start.The strengthening of career counseling by the Labor Department is also a positive move. 36. In order to further serve the needs of workers and society，the Trade Unions need to do the following things except （ ）。 A. to restate the condition B. to reassess priorities C. to rearrange further struggles D. to reassess their role 37. According to the author，why do people need to work？（ ） A. To produce value. B. To earn a livelihood. C. To increase competitive power. D. To exceed the input. 38. In the capitalist society，workers are only employed when （ ）。 A. employer‘s profits fall B. labor skills are a little outdated C. there is a need to increase competitive power D. they produce more value than the input 39. The Government‘s action has the following results except that （ ）。 A. it strengthens the various ordinances that prohibit unfair dismissal B. it plugs the loopholes in existing labor regulations C. it gives due recognition to those who have fought for workers‘ right D. it shows a breakthrough in bureaucratic thinking 40. A labor union can （ ）。 A. propose legislation against unreasonable dismissal B. amend the employment to change its attitude C. urge the government to change its attitude D. plug the loopholes in existing labor ordinances Ⅲ。用国际音标标出下列单词中划线字母或字母组合的读音。（每两小题1分，共10分） 41. gentle 42. ghastly 43. specimen 44. exhausted 45. break 46. solve 47. initial 48. philosophy 49. blood 50. extreme 51. finger 52. loyalty 53. familiar 54. wretched 55. powder 56. suede 57. smooth 58. journey 59. value 60. conceit Ⅳ。完形填空（每两小题1分，共10分） A. 从下列单词中选择适当的词填空，每个词只能用一次。 came but sources from factors pure else accurate creativecreated more for A land free __61__ destruction，plus wealth，natural resources，and labor supply……all these were important __62__ in helping England to become the center for the Industrial Revolution.__63__ they were not enough. Something __64__ was needed to start the industrial process.That “something special” was me……__65__ individuals who could invent machines，find new __66__ of power，and establish business organizations to reshape society.The men who __67__ the machines of the Industrial Revolution __68__ from many backgrounds and many occupations.Many of them were __69__ inventors than scientists.A man who is a __70__ scientist is primarily interested in doing his research accurately. B.根据课文的内容在每个空白处填入一个恰当的词。 __71__ mastered these main issues，I composed ten questions that I‘d ask if I __72__ the professor.I pretended that I was in the room，and I __73__ the next four hours answering my ten questions.I then corrected my __74__ by referring to the lecture and the textbook notes，and much to my __75__，I had discussed all the facts and ideas accurately.__76__ the first time I felt that I had __77__ something.I went to bed at 10∶00 for a good __78__ sleep，having refused to go to a __79__ with the rest of the __80__. Ⅴ。根据所学课文内容完成下列句子。（每小题2分，共20分） 81. In “The Day I Was Fat”，in the past seven years besides losing weight，the greatest change exercise had brought about in her was that ______. 82. According to “The Trashman”，when Dr.Coleman said hello to people on the route，most often the response was ______. 83. In the story “Detective on the Trail”，Bob went to “8，Salem Crescent，North.”after dark on Thursday night.While walking along the street，he saw policemen ______. 84. It happened so quickly，so simply after all the years of waiting and uncertainty，that ______.（From The Letter “A”） 85. In the story “Thank You，Ma‘am”，the boy chose to sit where she could easily see him because ______. 86. One day when the man saw a ship on the sea he didn‘t think the ship was real because he thought ______. 87. Many people believe that when they become rich and successful，happiness will ______. 88. Long-term happiness is based on honesty，productive work，______. 89. People were laughing at themselves as they realized that Henry Ground had led them into his last and the funniest ______. 90. Twelve of Henry‘s closest friends were invited to the funeral breakfast because Henry Ground had asked his brother to ______. Ⅵ。将下列句子译成英语。（每小题2分，共20分） 91. 人人都知道玫瑰花代表什么。 92. 他一旦开始干一件事，不干完就决不罢休。 93. 这个国家的情况在一天天好起来。 94. 在对外关系中，我们遵循国家无论大小都应平等的原则。 95. 那场足球赛推迟了，这使大家感到扫兴。 96. 当他听到这个笑话时，顿时大笑起来。 97. 嘈杂声渐渐消失了。 98. 我们虽然是朋友，但从内心来说我并不喜欢他。 99. 他对我国的教育事业做出了很大贡献。 100. 从长远来看，问题的答案在于现代科技。
全国2001年10月高等教育自学考试 人力资源管理(一)试题参考答案 一、单项选择题(每小题1分，共30分) 1.B 2.D 3.B 4.A 5.D 6.D 7.C 8.A 9.A 10.A 11.A 12.B 13.C 14.A 15.B 16.A 17.C 18.B 19.C 20.B 21.D 22.B 23.C 24.B 25.B 26.C 27.D 28.C 29.B 30.A二、多项选择题(每小题2分，共10分) 31.ABCDE 32.ABCDE 33.ABC 34.ABCD 35.ABCDE三、名词解释(每小题3分，共12分) 36.人力资源开发就是把人的智慧、知识、经验、技术、创造性、积极性当作一种资源加以发掘、培养、发展和利用的一系列活动，是一个复杂的系统工程。 37.委任制是由有任免权的机关按照干部管理权限直接指定下属工作人员的干部任用制度。 38.劳动定员是企业劳动管理的一个重要组成部分。劳动定员是企业根据生产方向、生产规模和产品方案，根据劳动定额和定员标准以及企业经营管理层次和机构设置等编制的。它规定一定时期内、一定技术要求下企业各部门应当占有的人力资源数量。 39.模拟教学法是事先设计制造一种情景，由受训人扮演模拟环境中的角色，从事指定的活动，训练学员在复杂情况下处理问题的能力，以达到一定培训辅导目的的方法。四、简答题(每小题4分，共20分) 40.不是任何失业者都能享受失业保险待遇，必须具备一定的要求和资格： (1)失业者必须处于劳动年龄阶段，即处于法定最低劳动年龄与退休年龄之间。 (2)失业者必须是非自愿失业，而不是自愿失业。 (3)失业前必须工作过一定时日，或者投保过一定的时日。 (4)失业后必须立即到政府指定的劳动就业介绍机构，一般是职业介绍所去登记，表明自己已经失业，门槛寻求新的工作岗位；同时必须表示，愿意接受职业介绍机构提供的新的、适当的工作，服从分配，愿意接受职业介绍机构提供的再就业培训辅导，以便到新岗位上能胜任。 41.“金无足赤， 人无完人”。人各有优缺点、长短处。我们选才用才要坚持用人之长原则，主要看人的长处和优点，看他的资格要求是否符合空缺岗位的资格门槛，注重人的现有能力的有效利用和潜在能力的发掘。 42.在组织内部形成一种宽松的环境，使成员能够畅所欲言，提出批评和建议。有恰当的渠道发泄不满，有“出气孔”可以随时“减压”。 43.人员保护的任务包括： (1)保证安全生产。 (2)实现劳逸结合。 (3)实行女工保护。 (4)组织工伤救护。 (5)做好职业中毒和职业病的预防工作和救治工作。 44.对于员工的考核不能只看一时一事，应全面、历史地来看。阶段性考核是员工平时考核的各项评价指标数据的积累。考核的连续性门槛对历次积累的数据进行综合分析，以求得出全面和准确的结论。 五、论述题(每小题14分，共28分) 45.人员报酬是组织对自己员工为组织所付出的劳动的一种直接的回报。 组织在制订人员报酬时应遵循下列原则： (1)成本补偿原则。这一原则门槛：①报酬要能够维持员工劳动力的再生产；②报酬要能够补偿劳动能力形成过程中的经济消耗。 (2)效率优先和兼顾公平相结合原则。要在坚持以员工的生产效率为主确定报酬的前提下，防止员工之间的劳动收入过分悬殊。 (3)短期利益与长远利益相结合的原则。门槛组织在利润率较高时为维持长期优势应首先加大利润留存水平，而不是首先增加员工工资；在经营发生困难时应尽量维持员工的实际报酬水平。 (4)工资增长与劳动生产率增长相协调的原则。报酬的增长水平一般应低于劳动生产率的增长水平。 (5)货币工资与实际工资相符的原则。实际工资是指一定时期内用货币工资可以交换得到的商品和服务量。货币工资和实际工资本相符的原则。门槛：①员工得到的应是货币形式的工资；②员工的本期实际工资水平应等于或大于前期的实际工资水平。 46.人力资源和自然资源一样不仅是社会财富的源泉，而且人力资源在社会财富的创造过程中，起着决定性作用。 ①人力资源是自然资源转换为社会财富的决定因素。社会财富是由对人类的物质和文化生活具有使用价值的产品构成。自然资源并不具有这种有用性，人们只有通过劳动即人力资源的消耗来引起、调整和控制人与自然之间的物质变换过程，使自然资源变成为财富。 ②人力资源是社会财富多寡的决定性因素。人力资源量等于劳动者人数和它的能力水平的乘积。当劳动者的劳动能力一定时，投入社会财富创造过程的人数多，则“变换”出来的财富就多，反之，就少；当劳动者人数一定时，劳动者劳动能力提高，则“变换”出的财富就多，反之，就少。 ③人力资源是社会财富多样化的决定性因素。人们丰富多彩的生活，需要丰富多彩的使用价值即有用物来保证。而多种多样的有用物是靠拥有多种多样劳动能力的劳动者在生产过程中创造出来。 ④人力资源是社会财富增值的决定性因素。一旦财富转化为商品，财富就不仅表现为有用物，而且表现为价值，即无差别的人类社会劳动的凝结。复杂劳动是倍加的简单劳动。提高劳动者的劳动技术，从而提高劳动的复杂程度，是增加商品价值的决定性因素。
高等教育自学考试英语二选择题（阅读判断10分、阅读选择10分、）非选择题（补全句子10分、填句补文10分、填词补文15分、完形补文15分、短文写作30分）。自学考试满分100分，考试题包括客观性试题和主观性试题，分别占卷面总分的55%和45%，及格分数线为60分。 自考英语二作文评分标准 第一档25-30分：圆满完成了试题规定的任务。 清楚地表达了全部内容要点，运用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务要求，语言运用较为准确、恰当。 第二档19-24分：完成了试题规定的任务。 清楚的表达了全部或关键内容要点。运用的语法结构和词汇能满足任务的基本要求。语言运用基本正确，虽有小错，但不影响理解。 第三档13-18分：基本完成了试题规定的任务。 提及了关键内容要点（可能漏掉了个别内容）。运用的语法机构和词汇满足了任务的最低要求。存在一些语言错误，但基本不影响理解。 第四档7-12分：完成了一部分试题规定的任务。 遗漏或未能清楚表达内容要点。语法结构和词汇单调。语言错误较多，部分错误影响理解。 第五档1-6分：未完成试题规定的任务。 明显遗漏内容要点。语法结构和词汇及单调。语言错误很多，严重影响理解。 0分：所表达的信息或所用语言太少，无法评价；所写内容与题目要求完全无关。自考/成考有疑问、不知道如何总结自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考报名当地政策，点击底部咨询官网，免费领取复习资料：
2005年4月高等教育自学考试英语词汇学试卷＋答案 (课程代码 0832) 第一部分 选择题 I.Each of the statements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket．(30％) 1． There are two approaches to the study of polysemy．Theyare______. A．primary and secondary B．central and peripheral C．diachronic and synchronic D．formal and functional [ ] 2． Which of the following is NOT a stylistic feature of idioms? A．Colloquial B．Slang C．Negative D．Literary [ ] 3． Synonyms can be classified into two major groups，that is：_____. A．absolute and relative B．absolute and complete C．relative and near D．complete and identical [ ] 4． In the early period of Middle English，English，____existed side by side， A．Celtic and Danish B．Danish and French C．Latin and Celtic D．French and Latin [ ] 5． Amonomorphemic word is a word that consists of a single_______morpheme． A．formal B．concrete C．free D．bound [ ] 6． Whch of the following groups of words is NOT onomatopoeically motivated? A，croak，drum B．squeak，bleat C．buzz，neigh D．bang，trumpet [ ] 7．LDCE is distinctive for its____. A．Clear grammar codes B．usage notes C．language notes D．all of the above [ ] 8． From the historical point of view,English is more closely related to A．German B．French C．Scotttish D．Irish [ ] 9． Which of the following is NOT an acronym? A．TOEFL B．ODYSSEY C．BASIC D．CCTV [ ] 10. In the course book，the author lists____types of context clues for inferring word meaning． A．eight B．six C．seven D．five [ ] 11．Sources of homonyms include____. A．changes in sound and spelling B．borrowing C．shortening D．all of the above [ ] 12．The written form of English is a(an)________representation of the spoken form． A．selective B．adequate C．imperfect D．natural [ ] 13．Structurally a____is the smallest meaningful unit of a language． A．molpheme B．stem C．word D．compound [ ] 14．Unlike affixes，____are often free morphemes． A．sufrixes B．prefixes C．inflectional morphemes D．roots [ ] 15．The four major foreign contributors to the English vocabulary in earlier times were French. Latin，____. A．Scandinavian and Italian B．Greek and Scandinavian C．Celtic and Greek D．Italian and Spanish [ ] 第二部分 非选择题 Ⅱ．Complete the rollowing staternents with proper words or expressions according to the course book． 16．The name given to the widening of meaning which some words undergo is____. 17．Longman lexicon of Contemporary English is a____dictionary． 18．When a new word appears for the first time，the author usually manages to give hints or ____in the context to help the readers． 19．Radiation and____are the two coinages which the development of word meaning follows from monosemy to polysemy． 20．Middle English refers to the language spoken from 1150 to____. Ⅲ．Match the words or explessions in Column A with those in Column B according to 1)word Origin，2)word formation. and 3)types of Synonyms or antonyms． A B ( )21．skill A．back—formation ( )22．babysit B．blendlng ( )23．telequiz C．French origin ( )24．composition／compounding D．SCandinavianorigin ( )25．government E．clipping ( )26．same／different F. relative synonyms ( )27．gent G. Germanic ( )28．English H．absolute synonyms ( )29．change／alter I. contradictory terms ( )30．big／small J．contrary terms IV．Smdy the following words or expressions and identify 1) types of bound morphemes underlined, 2) types of meanings,3)processes of meaning development，and 4) forlnation of eompounds． 31．neck→primary meaning：that part of man joining the head tO the body； a secondary meaning：the narrowest part of anything．( ) 32．contradict ( ) 33．mother：love，care ( ) 34．upcoming ( ) 35．window shopping ( ) 36．radlos ( ) 37．property developer ( ) 38．Candidate→earlier meaning：white-robed； later meaning：a person proposed for a place，award etc． ( )overcoat 39．handsomo-tyoewhter ( )man 40．northward ( ) V. Define the following terms. 41.encyclopendia 42.borrcwed 43.blending 44.extension 45.phrasal verb VI. Answer the following questing questions. Your answers should be Clear and short. Write your answers in the space given below. 46.what is the difference prefixation and suffixation? Explain with two examples. 47.what is extra-linguistic context? 48.what is polysemy? Illustrate your points. VII. Analyze and comment on the following. Write your answers in the space given below. 49. Study the following sentence and try to guess the meaning of the word in italics. Then what contextual help you to work out the meaning. Carnivores are very dangerous. Not long ago, a tiger escaped from the zoo and killed a dog in The street and ate it. 50.Connotative meaning is not stable. Comment on this statement with one example. 英语词汇学答案 (课程代码 0832)I．Each Of the smtements below is followed by four alternative answers．Choose the one that would best complete the statement and put the letter in the bracket． 1.C 2.C 3.A 4.D 5.C 6.A 7.D 8.A 9.B 10.A 11.D 12.C 13.A 14.D 15.B II Complete the following statements with proper words Or expressions according to the course book． 16．extension 或generalization 17．specialized 18．clues 19．concatenation 20．1500 III.Match the words or expressions in Column A with those in Column B according tO 1) word origin，2)word formation，and 3)types of synonyms or antonyms． 21．D 22．A 23．B 24．H 25．C 26．I 27．E 28．G 29．F 30．J IV．Study the following words or expressions and identify 1)types of bound morphemes underlined，2)types of meanings，3)processes of meaning development，and 4)formation of compounds． 31．radiation 32．bound root 33．connotative meaning 34．adv+v-ing 35．n+v-ing 36．inflectional affix／inflectional morpheme 37．n+v-er 3.concatenation 39．collocative meaning 40．suffix／derivational affix V．Definethefollowingterms． 41．An encyclopedia provides encyclopedic information concerning each headword；it is not concerned with the language per se. 42．Borrowed words,also，known，as loan words，are words taken over from foreign languages． 43．It refers to the formation of new words by combining parts of two words or a word with a part of another word． 44．Extension is a process by which a word which originally had a specialized meaning has now become generalized． 45.idiom composed of a verb plus a preposition and／or a particle． VI.Answer the following questions．Your answers should be clear and short．Write your answers in the space given below． 46．Prefixation does not generally change the word-class of the stem；it only modifies its meaning. e.g．treat--maltreat Suffixation，On，the other hand，changes the word-class instead of its meaning.e.g．employ—— employer 47.(1)Known as non-linguistic context or context of situation． (2)components a.participants(addresser and addressee) writer and reader speaker and listener／hearer b.time and place c.cultural background 48.要点：1)a common feature peculiar to all natural languages． 2)have more than one sense． 3)The problem of polesemy Can be dealt with from two angles：diachronic approach and synchronic approach． VII．Analyze and comment on the following．Write your answers in the space given below． 49(1)tiger is a hyponym，of carnivore (2)carnivore is a superordinate of tiger (3)tiger feeds on meat as known by all (4)carnivore may feed on meat (5)therefore，a carnivore is a meat-eating animal 50.(1)connotative meaning，known as connotation，refers to the overtones or associations suggested by the conceptual meaning． (2)connotative meanings are not given in the dictionary．but associated with the word in actual context to particular readers or speakers．Thus they are unstable.varying considerably according to culture，historical period and the experience of the individual． (3)For example，home may remind one child of warmth，safety or love，while to another child who is often scolded or beaten at home,it may mean indifference，hatred，or even hell．
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三、 改译题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） (一)下列句子的中译文有一个或一个以上错误，请加以改正。（10分） Example: 原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate. 译文：阿德莱德享有地中海气候。 改译：阿德莱德属地中海气候。 36. 原文: Chou arranged for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. 译文：周恩来把他们作为候补党员加入党在柏林的支部，直到他们的入党申请书被寄到中国并收到回复。 37. 原文: Brindley’s improvements were practical. 译文：布林德雷的改良是实际的。 38. 原文: The road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line separating them from the desert. 译文：公路是顺着尼罗河修筑的，现在穿过庄稼地，现在像是划的一条黑线，这边是庄稼，那边是沙漠。 39. 原文: The people of the United States also have experienced the benefits of world trade. 译文：美国人民也已经经历了国际贸易的好处。 40. 原文: India is a smuggler’s delight. 译文：印度是走私者的快乐。 (二)下列句子的英译文有一个或一个以上错误，请加以改正。（10分） Example: 原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。 译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons. 改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 41. 原文: 过去向我们学习的人，现在反而超过了我们，这对我们确实是一种鞭策。 译文：People who had learned from us now excelled us. It was a real challenge. 42. 原文: 本公约须经签字国批准或接受。 译文：This convention should be bound by the ratification or acceptance by the signatory states. 43. 原文: 中国的海域有丰富的海水资源。 译文：China’s seas have rich seawater resources. 44. 原文: 她口角边渐渐地有了笑影，脸上也白胖了。 译文：Little by little smiling appeared at the corner of her mouth, while her face became white and fat. 45. 原文: 罗马是建在七山之上的城市，拥有大小500座教堂。 译文: Rome was located on seven hills with big and small five hundred churches. 四、 段落翻译 （本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分） (一)将下列短文译成汉语（15分） 46. A modern wife has now been given the choice of whether or not to stay at home and be a full-time housewife. Thirty years ago it was expected that when a girl got married she automatically stopped working to become a full-time housewife and mother. In the 1990’s, society does not expect that of woman. Women today have the freedom to continue with their careers and the freedom to choose whether or not to have children. Some couples deliberately choose not to have children in favor of pursuing interesting and well-paid careers, while others choose to have children at a much later time. (二)将下列短文译成英语（15分） 47. 单位里有了个钱多事少离家近的工作，领导要求希望得到这一工作的人马上提出申请。有人特意向一贯清高的乌先生传达时，乌先生没听完就溜了。事后他对朋友说：“这种事早就有内定的人选，提出申请，左右都会给领导落下话柄。三十六计，走为上计，走而不战是不算输的。”
全国2006年7月高等教育自学考试 英语翻译试题 课程代码：00087 (请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上) 一、 单项选择题 （本大题共15小题，每小题2分，共30分） （一）本部分共有10小题，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个在意义和表达方面与原文最接近，选择译文。错选、多选或未选均无分。（20分） 1. Tombs and temples of ancient Egypt follow the Nile well into Sudan. A. 古埃及的坟墓和寺庙跟随着尼罗河一直到苏丹。 B. 古埃及的坟墓和寺庙很好地跟随着尼罗河，然后进入苏丹。 C. 尼罗河沿岸直到苏丹境内很远的地方，到处可以见到古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。 D. 从尼罗河到苏丹，有许多古埃及的坟墓和寺庙。 2. Anger and bitterness had preyed upon me continually for weeks and a deep languor had succeeded this passionate struggle. A. 愤怒和痛苦接连几个星期折磨着我，一种深深的无力战胜了这种激烈的斗争。 B. 几个星期以来，我又气又恨，感到非常痛苦，这种感情上的激烈斗争过去之后，我感到浑身无力。 C. 愤怒和辛酸折磨着我，已经有好几个星期了，经过激烈的挣扎，我感到浑身无力。 D. 我又气又痛苦，接连几个星期都这样。这种激烈的挣扎把我折磨得一点力气都没有。 3. It was an old woman, tall and shapely still, though withered by time, on whom his eyes fell when he stopped and turned. A. 这是一个老妇女，虽然受时间的折磨显得有些憔悴，仍然个子高挑，身材匀称，当他停下转身时，目光落在她身上。 B. 他站住，转过身，定睛一看，是个年迈的妇女，她虽然受时间的煎熬显得有些憔悴，仍然身材高挑，一副好模样。 C. 他站住，转过身，定睛一看，是一个虽然受时间的折磨显得有些憔悴，仍然身材高挑，一副好模样的年迈的妇女。 D. 这是一个个子高挑，身材匀称的老妇女，但受时间的折磨显得有些憔悴，当他停下转身时，他看到了她。 4. I remember my childhood names for grasses and secret flowers. A. 我记得儿时的名字、小草和秘密的小花。 B. 我记得在我儿时，我的名字是以小草和隐藏的小花命名的。 C. 我记得儿时给各种小草和隐蔽的小花取的名字。 D. 我记得童年时给各种小草起的名字和一些隐蔽的小花。 5. Never have I heard American music played better in a foreign land. A. 我从未听说过美国音乐在国外比国内要演奏得好。 B. 我在国外时，从未听到美国音乐比现在还要演奏得好。 C. 我从未听到过美国音乐在国外演奏得比这更好的。 D. 我在国外从未听到过演奏得这么好的美国音乐。 6. 他在中国旅游过的地方，除了泰山以外，都是我没有到过的！ A. In China, he has been to many places which I have never visited, with the exception of Mount Tai. B. He had gone to many places in China, which I had never been to except Mount Tai. C. The many places he has been to in China are what I haven’t been to apart from Mount Tai. D. I have been to Mount Tai. But I haven’t been to many places which he has been to in China. 7. 回家的感觉真好，可以吃到妈妈亲手做的家乡菜。 A. I feel good to be at home. I can eat the hometown dishes my mom makes. B. I feel so nice back home that I could eat the home dishes made by my mom. C. It feels great to be home. I can enjoy the local dishes my mom makes. D. The feeling of going back home was really great. I can enjoy the taste of my hometown dishes cooked by mother. 8. 中国从美国的进口额，1978年为9亿美元，到1982年增加到近30亿美元。 A. China’s imports from America were $900 million in 1978 and then it rose by $ 3 billion in 1982. B. America’s imports from China jumped from $900 million in 1978 to $ 3 billion in 1982. C. China’s imports from America amounted from $900 million in 1978 to $ 3 billion in 1982. D. China’s imports from the US rose from $900 million in 1978 to $ 3 billion in 1982. 9. 中国有12亿多人口，陆地自然资源人均占有量低于世界平均水平。 A. China has a population of more than 1.2 billion, and its land natural resources per capita are lower than the world’s average. B. China’s population is 1.2 billion and the natural resources on the land per head are lower than the world’s average level. C. The 1.2 billion people in China have lower land natural resources than in the world each. D. The land natural resources 1.2 billion Chinese have are less than the world has. 10. 最近天气暖和了，有不少人想趁周末出去走走。 A. It is getting warm these days. Many people want to go out for a walk on the weekend. B. It has been getting warmer these days. Many people like to take a short trip on the weekend. C. Recently the weather is becoming warm. Quite a few people want to go out to walk during the weekend. D. As the climate is becoming warmer and warmer, some people want to have a walk in the weekend. (二) 本部分共有5小题，在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，选择答案完成句子。 错选、多选或未选均无分。（10分） 11. 对初学者来说，翻译的标准是 A.忠实 B.文雅 C.传神 D.忠实和通顺 12．_______不喜欢重复，如果在一句话里或相连的几句话里需要重复某个词语，则用_______来代替，或以其他手段来避免重复。 A. 汉语，名词 B. 英语， 副词 C. 英语，代词 D. 汉语，代词 13. 在“翻译三论”一文中提出“雅”应当作为“得体”来理解的是 A. 钱钟书 B. 周煦良 C. 傅雷 D. 王佐良 14. 费道罗夫在《翻译理论概要》中提出了________。 A．确切翻译的原则 B. 自由翻译的原则 C. 逐字翻译的原则 D.神似翻译原则 15. “Chinglish is the most important and difficult problem in translation” is expressed by A. George Steiner B. Sol Adler C. Eugene A. Nida D. Charles R. Taber 二、 词语翻译（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） （一）将下列词语译成中文（10分） 16. environmental law 17. industrial revolution 18. the gold rush 19. floods and droughts 20. British Association for the Advancement of Science 21. foreign exchange 22. self-reliance 23. infrastructure 24. copyright protection 25. World Cultural Heritage （二）将下列词语译成英语（10分） 26. 国民生产总值 27. 福利工厂 28. 战争与和平 29. 新民主主义 30. 十五世纪初 31. 儿童文学 32. 双边贸易 33. 知识经济 34. 个人所得税 35. 发展中国家 三、 改译题（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） (一)下列句子的中译文有一个或一个以上错误，请加以改正。（10分） Example: 原文：Adelaide enjoys a Mediterranean climate. 译文：阿德莱德享有地中海气候。 改译：阿德莱德属地中海气候。 36. 原文: Chou arranged for them to join the Berlin Communist group as candidates until their application had been sent to China and an answer received. 译文：周恩来把他们作为候补党员加入党在柏林的支部，直到他们的入党申请书被寄到中国并收到回复。 37. 原文: Brindley’s improvements were practical. 译文：布林德雷的改良是实际的。 38. 原文: The road followed the course of the Nile, now passing through the fields, now drawing a black line separating them from the desert. 译文：公路是顺着尼罗河修筑的，现在穿过庄稼地，现在像是划的一条黑线，这边是庄稼，那边是沙漠。 39. 原文: The people of the United States also have experienced the benefits of world trade. 译文：美国人民也已经经历了国际贸易的好处。 40. 原文: India is a smuggler’s delight. 译文：印度是走私者的快乐。 (二)下列句子的英译文有一个或一个以上错误，请加以改正。（10分） Example: 原文：中国在任何情况之下决不首先使用核武器。 译文：At no time China will be the first to use nuclear weapons. 改译：At no time will China be the first to use nuclear weapons. 41. 原文: 过去向我们学习的人，现在反而超过了我们，这对我们确实是一种鞭策。 译文：People who had learned from us now excelled us. It was a real challenge. 42. 原文: 本公约须经签字国批准或接受。 译文：This convention should be bound by the ratification or acceptance by the signatory states. 43. 原文: 中国的海域有丰富的海水资源。 译文：China’s seas have rich seawater resources. 44. 原文: 她口角边渐渐地有了笑影，脸上也白胖了。 译文：Little by little smiling appeared at the corner of her mouth, while her face became white and fat. 45. 原文: 罗马是建在七山之上的城市，拥有大小500座教堂。 译文: Rome was located on seven hills with big and small five hundred churches. 四、 段落翻译 （本大题共2小题，每小题15分，共30分） (一)将下列短文译成汉语（15分） 46. A modern wife has now been given the choice of whether or not to stay at home and be a full-time housewife. Thirty years ago it was expected that when a girl got married she automatically stopped working to become a full-time housewife and mother. In the 1990’s, society does not expect that of woman. Women today have the freedom to continue with their careers and the freedom to choose whether or not to have children. Some couples deliberately choose not to have children in favor of pursuing interesting and well-paid careers, while others choose to have children at a much later time. (二)将下列短文译成英语（15分） 47. 单位里有了个钱多事少离家近的工作，领导要求希望得到这一工作的人马上提出申请。有人特意向一贯清高的乌先生传达时，乌先生没听完就溜了。事后他对朋友说：“这种事早就有内定的人选，提出申请，左右都会给领导落下话柄。三十六计，走为上计，走而不战是不算输的。”
课程代码：00794请将答案填在答题纸相应的位置上I．用适当的语法形式或词汇填空。从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分) 全国2008年4月高等教育自学考试综合英语（一）试题1. It is said that the newly-built gymnasium is three miles _______ from here.A. away far B. far away C. far D. away2. I _______ my talk with Tony. Let’s go out for a walk.A. have finished B. had finishedC. finish D. finished3. I am for your proposal that the discussion about future plans _______.A. to be put off B. be put offC. should put off D. was put off4. You will see this product _______ wherever you go in this city.A. advertise B. to be advertisedC. advertised D. advertising5. Jack often complains _______ able to communicate with his parents.A. of being not B. of not beingC. being not D. not being6. We expected many club members would come to the tea party, _______ turned up.A. only a few B. very fewC. but a few D. but few7. The reason _______ the little boy died was lack of medical care.A. why B. becauseC. for D. as8. _______ the drill is, it is very useful in improving your oral English.A. Simple you consider B. You consider simpleC. Simple as you consider D. As simple you consider9. Only when I got there _______ how badly the crops had been damaged.A. did I realize B. I realizedC. then I realized D. then did I realize10. _______ that this small town was exposed to various kinds of dangers.A. In 2003 B. The year of 2003C. It was 2003 D. It was in 200311. Smoking hurts not only the smokers, but also the people around them _______ second-hand smoke.A. because B. because ofC. as D. as of12. To her disappointment, her best friend did not _______ at her birthday party.A. turn over B. turn aroundC. turn up D. turn in13. How I wish I could bring _______my children in an environment close to nature!A. about B. inC. out D. up14. When the fever eventually _______, he is likely to feel tired and weak for a while.A. dies down B. dies outC. loses D. leaves15. She had to _______ after the first round because she sprained her wrist.A. run out B. drop outC. draw out D. come out16. It was Allen who _______ with the bright idea to have a barbecue near the lake.A. went up B. came alongC. went along D. came up17. Humor is a most _______, yet frequently neglected means of handling the difficult situations in our lives.A. affirmative B. affectionateC. efficient D. effective18. Hardly had he arrived at the airport _______ he was told that the flight had been cancelled.A. than B. whenC. before D. then19. The decision _______ how much money should go to education is of vital importance.A. due to B. owing toC. as to D. so as to20. I know she didn’t pass the qualifying exam, but really she is _______ but stupid.A. anything B. nothingC. something D. noneII．认真阅读下面两篇短文，每篇短文后有五个问题。根据短文的内容从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个最佳答案，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)Passage 1A mile or so before they reached Oxford, they stopped the car on top of a hill from which they could see the whole of the city spread out before them. The spires and the domes, the college walls and towers looked as peaceful as when they were first built, hundreds of years ago.When they drove down, over the River Thames and into the city centre, they found it was not so peaceful after all! The main streets were packed with traffic: cars, lorries, coaches full of tourists and the bicycles which the students use to get about. But as soon as they had managed to park the car and get away from the roaring traffic, they discovered a completely different world. Narrow cobbled streets which had hardly changed since the Middle Ages ran between the high college walls of grey or yellow stone. Inside the great double gates of each college they found quiet squares of grass, surrounded by the chapel, the library, the dining-hall and the rooms where the students and teachers live. Many colleges had the most beautiful gardens where one could sit and read, talk, work or dream.Most of the students, or undergraduates, wore informal clothes: sports coats, or pullovers, and slacks. But some of them were wearing their black gowns. George explained that they had to wear these when going to lectures or to their weekly meeting with their tutor, or teacher. Tom and Anne were very surprised to see a few young men dressed in formal black suits, with ties, gowns and scholars’ caps. Anne asked whatever they were doing, wearing evening dress in the morning! George laughed and said that this was the official dress for taking examinations, many of which were held in June.In one college, they visited the dining-hall. It was enormous with a high roof held up by great wooden beams with windows of stained glass as in a church, and long heavy tables and benches. At one end was the “High Table”, which is usually reserved for the Head of the college and the teachers. It really was high, raised on a wooden platform above the level of the rest of the hall. An undergraduate may sit at the High Table once on the day when he has passed all his examinations, takes his degrees and becomes a graduate.21. They stopped the car on top of a hill because _______.A. the spires and domes looked peacefulB. they wanted to see OxfordC. they wanted to take a restD. the old college walls looked different22. Before they got away from the roaring traffic, they _______.A. succeeded in parking their carB. found a car parkC. tried to park their carD. failed to park their car23. Most of the undergraduates were wearing _______.A. suits, caps and gowns B. black gownsC. sweaters or sports jackets D. vests and slacks24. George told Tom and Anne students wore black gowns _______.A. only when they were on their way to lecturesB. when meeting with their tutor once a weekC. on their way to the libraryD. when they were in the chapel25. An undergraduate may sit at the High Table on the day he _______.A. receives his degrees B. passes his examsC. takes his exams D. leaves schoolPassage 2An ideal design for a toothbrush has not been invented. Dentists have put forward many different designs over the years and each has its advantages. We all know the problems of trying to clean less accessible areas, where it is difficult to see and space is restricted. In trying to clean the backs of our lower front teeth and our wisdom teeth we have produced toothbrushes with every type of bend in the handles and curve on the surface of the bristles(猪鬃、毛发). Added to this there is the choice of natural bristle or nylon for the heads of the toothbrush.After numerous tests it has been found that there is no difference in effectiveness between the natural and artificial bristle. In fact, dentists are finding more advantages with the nylon toothbrush. Nylon bristle is said to last longer, is more easily cleaned and harbours fewer germs. The individual nylon bristles tend to be more consistent in texture and do not become soft. The bristles, moreover, do not split as is the case with natural bristle.The main advantage of natural bristles appears to be that they are more resilient(有弹性的) when new. Another controversy is the appearance of hard, medium and soft toothbrushes. We are told that certain hard brushes are good for smokers and promote healthy gums. Once again the publicity is misleading, starting with the conception that hardness means a bristle of a tougher substance. This is not so, for a hard toothbrush is one in which the diameter of the bristles is greater, thus making the brush more rigid. This causes problems because the gums are easily injured and the tooth surface is more easily worn away by this type of brush. In fact, too much pressure and the wrong technique with a hard brush can cause much damage to the teeth and gums. As the bristles are thicker, they cannot get into the narrow openings so easily. The only advantage of this type of brush is that it lasts longer. In general, therefore, a hard toothbrush is not recommended unless used with extreme care. It is much more advisable to use a medium or soft bristle toothbrush. They don’t have a very long life, and replacement is necessary as soon as the bristles split or fall out.26. According to the passage, the artificial bristle is _______.A. more effective than the natural oneB. less effective than the natural oneC. just as effective as the natural oneD. firmer and cleaner than the natural one27. Which of the following, according to the passage, is an advantage of the nylon toothbrush?A. The bristles split more easily.B. The bristles are free from germs.C. The bristles always stay firm.D. The bristles last longer.28. A hard brush is _______.A. a brush with hard bristles B. a brush with thick bristlesC. good for smokers D. good for the gums29. The wrong technique with a hard brush means _______.A. the wrong use of brush B. too much pressureC. the wrong sort of brush D. the wrong toothbrush30. Which of the following is true according to the passage?A. A hard brush is all right if you use it firmly.B. A medium brush is recommended as the bristles last longer.C. A soft brush will soon need replacing.D. A brush that is a mixture of medium and soft bristles is recommended.III．用国际音标标出下列单词中划线字母或字母组合的读音，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分)(注意：考生使用新式或老式音标均可)31.semester 32.unpleasant33.enormous 34.nonsense35.ambulance 36.astonishment37.argument 38.enthusiasm39.circumstance 40.nonetheless41.appearance 42.physically43.loyalty 44.oxygen45.obtainable 46.something47.protein 48.organize49.survival 50.schoolIV．完形填空(将正确答案填在答题纸相应的位置上)(本大题共20小题，每小题0.5分，共10分)A．从下列单词中选择适当的词填空，每个词只能用一次。That until first couldwhich would standing whenin where showing actedWe blacks couldn’t take advantage of things we saw other people doing. If we were in a store 51 and some white people came in, the sales people would stop waiting on us. We 52 have to wait, and we could not interrupt. I remember something 53 happened once in either Loveman’s or Pitzitz, 54 they have drawers with hats. This salesperson was 55 some white people hats. Another white lady began to open the drawers and look at the hats. A black lady 56 there thought that while she was waiting she 57 do the same thing. So she opened the drawers. The saleslady 58 like the woman had committed a crime. She told her, “You don’t go in those drawers. You wait 59 I get to you!” That stayed with me a long time. I was about ten or eleven 60 that happened, and I could not understand it.B．根据课文的内容在每个空白处填入一个恰当的词。I was now five, and still I showed no real sign of intelligence. I showed no apparent interest in things 61 for my toes-more especially those on my left foot. I 62 to lie on my back all the time in the kitchen or, 63 bright warm days, out in the garden, surrounded 64 a family that loved me and hoped for me and 65 made me part of it. I was lonely, imprisoned in a world of my 66 , unable to communicate with others, cut 67 , separated from them as though a glass wall stood 68 my existence and theirs. I longed to run 69 and play with the rest, but I was unable to break 70 from my imprisonment.V．根据所学课文内容完成下列句子，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)71. The day before the art exhibition, Henry managed to get in and ________.72. Mr. Budd was afraid after the Evening Messenger printed the full story of his great idea because ________.73. According to the author of Happiness, many successful people feel miserable because they know they are contributing very little of real value and ________.74. In Freedom in Dying, Jim stated his desire to have his ashes scattered over the sea, which reflected his love of ________.75. Tracy’s liver was transplanted into the author’s husband, David, who ________.76. Samuel H. Scudder was disappointed when his professor asked him to look at the fish because ________.77. Bob Sugg made a living by ________.78. After he finished his work in the restaurant, Sidney Poitier would ________.79. In the United States, a person would be regarded as out of his mind if ________.80. The author in The Outside Chance was able to win the bet on the horse races because ________.VI．将下列句子译成英语，并填在答题纸相应的位置上。(本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分)81.据说新的方案下周公布。82.杰克终于来了，但还是迟到了5分钟。83.我知道那位老人把大部分钱捐给了穷人。84.无论他怎么努力，他也做不出这道题的答案。85.汤姆睡觉前把玩具收拾好了。86.我在车站闲逛了一个小时，我的朋友还是没来。87.一般而言，年轻人容易接受新思想。88.我们必须采取行动有效处理空气污染问题。89.市政府承诺改进交通系统。90.遭受洪水袭击地区的人民急需食品和水。
浙江省2014年4月高等教育自学考试经贸英语试题 课程代码：02635 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 I. Multiple choice. (10%) 1. As the oil price rose in the past 3 months, the sale of the car ________. A. decreasing B. decreased C. increasing D. increased 2. If the goods can not be sold at such a price and in a ________ volume, the company will have no profit. A. top B. high C. satisfactory D. pleased 3. It is ________ our mutual interest to cooperate. A. on B. in C. at D. to 4. His advice proved ________ right. A. to be B. be C. is D. to 5. It is our hope to have your enquiries for ________ articles after the samples are examined by you. A. special B. specific C. clear D. exact 6. The quality of our products ________; it is always excellent. A. never varies B. varies C. never various D. various 7. Please see to it that the packing is suitable ________ a long sea voyage. A. on B. with C. in D. for 8. To expand and diversify exports leads to ________. A. agricultural extension B. technological improvement C. raising the price of products D. bankruptcy of home enterprises 9. She was a brilliant sportswoman but never ________ her early promise. A. completed B. concluded C. fulfilled D. performed 10. The media planner must also determine how ________ the advertising should run in each medium. A. frequent B. frequency C. frequentation D. frequently II. Reading Comprehension (20%) Questions 11 to 15 are based on the following passage: In today’s world, trade barriers in international trade are still widespread. Trade barriers usually consist of tariff restrictions and non-tariff barriers. Tariffs are sometimes justified on the grounds that they protect domestic employment and wages, help create the competition of domestic products in the world market, and protect domestic industries. A tariff is simply a tax or duty levied on a product when it crosses national boundaries. In general, tariffs can be divided into an import tariff and an export tariff. The most widespread tariff is the import tariff, which is a tax levied on an imported product. A less common tariff is an export tariff, which is a tax imposed on an exported product. For example, oil exports have been taxed by Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in order to raise revenue by controlling the supply and increasing the price of oil in the world market. There are three types of tariffs, specific tariff, ad valorem tariff and compoud tariff. A speicfic tariff is expressed in terms of a fixed amount of money per physical unit of the imported product. An ad valorem tariff is expressed as a fixed percentage of the value of the imported product. A compound tariff is a combination of a specific and an ad valorem tariff. Specific tariff is relatively easy to apply and administer, particularly to standardized commodities and staple products. Ad valorem tariff can be applied to products with a wide range of grade variations. Compound tariff is often applied to manufactured products embodying raw materials that are subject to tariffs. 11. The main purpose of levying tariff is ________. A. to protect domestic employment and wages B. to help create the competition of domestic products in the world market C. to protect domestic industries D. A, B, and C 12. Which of the following is NOT right? A. Trade barriers in international trade are still widespread. B. The most widespread tariff is the import tariff. C. Levying tariff is the only way to protect domestic industries. D. Levying tariff can make domestic products more competitive. 13. Oil exports have been taxed by the Organization of Petroleum Exporting Countries (OPEC) in order to ________. A. decrease the export of oil B. raise revenue by controlling the supply and increasing the price of oil in the world market C. control the use of oil and protect the oil resources D. None of these 14. Which of the following is right? A. Non-tariff barriers can also be used to protect domestic industries. B. Ad valorem tariff can be applied to staple products. C. The purpose of leaing export tariff is to increase revenue. D. Tariff is never imposed on domestic products. 15. Speicific tariff is ________. A. often applied to manufactured products embodying raw materials that are subject to tariffs B. relatively easy to apply and administer, particularly to standardized commodities and staple products C. expressed as a fixed percentage of the value of the imported product D. often applied to products with a wide range of grade variations Questions 16 to 20 are based on the following passage: The key building block for Audience Advocacy, and a way to focus on benefits rather than features, is to constantly ask the key question: What’s in it for you? It’s based on the more common axiom, “What’s in it for me?” I’ve shifted the ultimate word to you deliverately, to shift the focus from you to your audience. This shift emphasizes the ultimate need for all communicators to be focused outward, on the needs of their audience (you), rather than on their own needs (me). This is the essence of Audience Advocacy in action. In refering to this key question, I’ll use the acronym WIIFY (pronounced whiffy). By constantly seeking the WIIFY in any persuasive situation, you can ensure that your presentation stays focused on what matters most: getting your audience to move from Point A to Point B because you’ve given them a very good reason to make that move. The WIIFY is the benefit to the specific audience in your persuasive situation. There will usually be one overarching, grand WIIFY that unites the entire presentation and is at the heart of your persuasive case. For example, when an entrepreneurial CEO and her management team launch an IPO road show for potential investors, the WIIFY is, “If you invest in our company, you’ll enjoy an excellent return on your money!” On the other hand, when a corporate headhunter makes a job offer to a sought-after young recruit, the WIIFY is, “If you join our firm, you’ll be starting an incredible career with great pay, fascinating challenges, and the prospect of some day becoming the company president!” When a partner in a marketing consulting firm makes a new-business proposal to the chief operating officer (COO) of a Fortune 500 company, the WIIFY might be, “If you hire us, the expertise we’ll provide will improve your promotional plans, increase your market share, and boost your profits—and your personal stock options will double in value!” There’s an old adage: “You can never be too thin or too rich. ” I propose to amend that with: “…or offer too many WIIFYs. ” 16. According to the passage, the essence of Audience Advocacy in action is ________. A. to find the key building block for Audience Advocacy B. to discover a way to focus on benefits rather than features C. to shift the focus from you to your audience D. the ultimate need for all communicators to be focused on the needs of their audience rather than on their own needs 17. The acronym WIIFY probably means ________. A. what benefits your audience can get from your presentation B. what benefits you can get from your audience’s presentation C. what benefits you can get from my audience’s presentation D. what benefits your audience can get from my presentation 18. Why should you constantly seek the WIIFY in the persuasive situation? A. Because you give your audience a good reason to move from Point A to Point B. B. Because you can make your presentation stay focused on what matters most. C. Because you can get your audience to move from Point A to Point B. D. All of above. 19. The last paragraph indicates that________. A. you can not be so thin as what you want to be B. you can never bo so rich as what you expect to be C. the more WIIFY you offer, the better the result will be D. you can not offer too many WIIFY as you hope to 20. The best title for this passage could be ________. A. The Constantly Asked Question B. A Good Way to Focus on Benefits C. What’s in It for You D. The Key Building Block for Audience Advocacy 非选择题部分 注意事项： 用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。 III. Fill in the blanks with the words from the box. (10%) by for from in into of on per with 21. We need a book dealing ________ the requirements of importing documentation of German government. 22. Discounting must be in step with the times since its number and variety of converts grow steadily ________ year to year. 23. Quoting export price is even more difficult and includes meticulous cost calculation prepared well ________ advance. 24. The best initial indicator of whether a market will be able to buy a particular product is the fact that the same product is or is not presently being imported ________ that country. 25. The search ________ the information must always begin with an objective, and then there must be a research plan. 26. Our resources, and particularly our trained marketing personnel, are sarce; we must be selective and concentrate our marketing efforts ________ the markets which will yield the best result. 27. The monetary value of the duty varies ________accordance with the monetary value of the product. 28. Many countries with small populations and very low ________ capital income find that they have the natural resources to produce particular product. 29. The extension ________ the trader’s domain is highly important, since it enables the vendee to make a choice between alternative goods in satisfying his needs. 30. Expansion and diversification ________ exports also leads to improvement in the level of technological “know-how”. IV. Give the Chinese equivalents to the following abbreviations. (10%) 31. CIF 32. DP 33. B/L 34. credit standing 35. EEC V. Put the following phrases into English. (10%) 36. 自由贸易区 37. 关税壁垒 38. 原产国 39. 货物理事会 40. 即期汇票 VI. Translate the following sentences into English. (20%) 41. 公司开了几次会议为新产品定价(set prices)。 42. 这些价格和以前的成本有关联(relate to)。 43. 一份典型的出口合同通常包括(involve)5个要素。 44. 那么，可向保险公司提出索赔(claim)。 45. 这种产品就其质量和价格来说(in terms of)具有竞争力。 VII. Translate the following sentences into Chinese. (20%) 46. The negotiation was tied up by the accident. 47. They will provide us with technical support. 48. It’s important to depend on ourselves to gain the victory. 49. We should act in accordance with the rules. 50. Many countries take measures to restrict imported goods.
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polluted. 85 建设和谐校园的关键在于让每个学生都能积极参加进来。 The key to constructing a harmonious campus lies in the fact that every student will be able to participate actively. 86 Practice should go hand in hand with theory. 实践应该与理论紧密结合。 87 Closely related to our daily life are goods prices. 商品价格与我们的日常生活密切相关。 88 One who makes no investigation has no right to speak. 没有调查，就没有发言权。 89 Individual freedom does not in any way mean that you can do what you like at your freewill. 个人自由绝不意为着你能够为所欲为。 90 When it came to his amazing achievements,the famous scientist put an emphasis on the importance of creating rather than waiting for opportunities. 当谈到惊人成就时，这位著名的科学家更强调创造的重要性而不是等待机遇。 考前冲刺预测试卷（二）参考答案及解析 Part 五 81 时间是世界上最容易浪费，也是最难把握的东西。 Time is the easiest thing in the world and the most difficult thing to control. 82 多数人已经开始认识到，如果要确保未来在矿物，食物，林木等方面的供应，我们必须节约资源。 Most people have come to realized that we must conserve resources if we want to ensure the supply of minerals,food,forests,etc. for the future. 83 如果他被迫去做他不乐意的事，他不可能高兴。 If he is compelled to do what he does not enjoy doing,he cannot be happy. 84 学生应该重视学习中的困难，而不要逃避它们。 Student should confront/face difficulties in their studies instead of escaping from them. 85 今天他起得很早，以免开会迟到。 He rose early this morning so as not to/in order that he would not be late for the conference. 86 They，not surprisingly,did not respond at all. 他们根本没有答复，这是不足为奇的。 87 The new policy represents a complete departure from their previous position. 新政策表明他们已彻底背离原先的立场。 88 I didn’t go to town yesterday both because of the nasty weather and the fact that I was not feeling myself. 我昨天没有进城，一来是因为天气不好，二来是我不舒服。 89 All citizens who have reached the age of eighteen have the right to vote and to stand for election. 年满18岁的公民，都有选举权和被选举权。 90 The economic growth of our country must rely on rational utilization of available resources. 我们必须合理利用现有资源促进我国的经济发展。 考前冲刺预测试卷（三）参考答案及解析 Part 五 81 电脑在我们的日常生活中起着非常重要的作用。 Computers play a very important role in our daily life. 82 由你决定邀请谁来参加下周的聚会。 It is up to you who will be invited to the party next week. 83 这部电影使我回想起了在北京所看到的情景。 The movie reminds me of what I have seen in Beijing. 84 直到天黑了，他才意识到太晚了而无法回家。 He didn’t realize it was too late to go home until it was dark. 85 萨姆（Sam）买不起他极想要的那种照相机，因为那种相机太贵了。 Sam could not afford (to buy) the camera he longed for because it was too expensive. 86 Each day we make choices that affect our lives and sometimes the lives of others. 我们每天遇事都得拿主意，主意拿的对不对，会影响我们的生活，有时也影响别人的生活。 87 Americans have a great range of customs and habits that at first may seem puzzling to visitors. 美国人有许多风俗习惯在陌生人看来是颇为费解的。 88 The advertising campaign didn’t have much effect on sales. 这次广告宣传并没有起到多大的促销作用。 89 The secret of life is not to do what one likes,but to try to like what one has to do. 生活的秘诀不在于做自己喜欢做的，而在于喜欢自己不得不做的。 90 The main street looks more beautiful than ever with all the lights on. 路边所有的灯都亮了，这条大街看起来从来没有这么漂亮过。 2016年武汉纺织大学普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part 五 Section A 1 只要明天天气好，我们就和同学一起去游泳。 As long as it is fine tomorrow,we will go swimming with my classmates. 2 有这么多人的关心，在国外的最初几个月里，她感到非常幸福。 With so many people caring about her,she feels very happy in the first few months abroad. 3 新图书馆比以前的大两倍。（或者译为“新图书馆是以前的三倍大”。） The new library is three times as large as the old one. 4 这张图片让我想起了在上海度过的快乐时光。 This photo reminds me of the happy time(that)I spent in Shanghai. 5 地震中，许多房屋受损严重，成千上万的人无家可归。 A lot of houses were seriously damaged in the earthquake,so that thousands of people were left homeless. Section B 1 Professional hair-care products indicates that consumers are paying as much attention to their hair as to skin. 专业护发产品（的出现）表明消费者即重视护肤，又重视护发。 2 Women would double their risk of suffering from lung cancer if they were exposed to 40 or more years of household tobacco smoke. 如果妇女在吸烟的环境中生活40年或更长时间，那么患肺癌的风险就会加倍。 3 Though technically quite advanced today,the Internet is far from being popular with average household users in some developing countries. 尽管互联网技术现在已经十分先进，但是在一些发展中国家互联网在普通用户中还远远没有普及。 4 Your products wouldn’t have sold so well but for a lot of advertisements we put on the television. 要不是我们在电视上打了那么多广告，你们的产品不会卖的那么好。 5 The regulations make it safer for you to use your credit card for shopping on the Internet or over the phone. 这些规章制度使得你用信用卡网购或电话购物时更安全。 2017年武汉纺织大学普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part 五 1 不要以貌取人。 Don’t judge a person by his/her appearance. 2 我一听到这首歌就感到愉快。 I felt happy the moment I heard this song. 3 只要你准时归还就可以用这本书 As long as you return it on time,you can use this book. 4 他的工作就是照看老人。 His work is looking/to look after the old. 5 上大学是我人生重要的转折点 Going to college is an important turning point in my life. 6 No matter how little money you have,you should deposit some money in the bank regularly. 不管你有多少钱，你都应该定期在银行存一些钱。 7 This style of architecture originated with the ancient Greek. 这种建筑风格起源于希腊。 8 With the development of economy,travelling is becoming more and more popular in China now. 随着经济的发展，旅游在中国越来越受人们的欢迎。 9 This school puts emphasis on students’ability to solve problems independently. 这所学校注重学生独立解决问题的能力。 10 It is unfair to think that goods from abroad must be better than those made at home. 认为外国的商品一定比国内生产的好，这是不公平的。 2018荆楚理工学院普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part IV 1 我们已决定提前完成这项工作。 We have determined to get the work done ahead of schedule. 2 你走了这么远的路，一定很累。 You must be tired after your long journey. 3 除了继续前进，我们没有别的选择余地。 We have no alternative but to forge ahead. 4 老师在等我，我得走了。 The teacher is waiting for me,so I must go now. 5 一看到那颗大树，我便会想起童年的情景。 The sight of the big tree always reminds me of my childhood. 6 We must awaken people to the importance of environment protection now. 我们现在必须唤醒人们对环保重要性的认识。 7 By the time you arrived in London,we had stayed there for two weeks. 当你到达伦敦时，我们已经在哪里待了两个星期了。 8 Either the players or the coach is responsible for the defeat. 不是运动员就是教练应该对这次比赛的失利负责。 9 We shall let you know the details soon in order that you can make your arrangements. 我们将尽快让你们知道详情，以便你们能够做出安排。 10 The young,on the one hand,often think of the old conservative.On the other hand, the old always consider the young inexperience. 一方面，青年人常认为老年人保守；另一方面，老年人总是认为青年人没有经验。 2018年湖北中医药大学普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part III 1 在餐馆迟的食物所含的脂肪，糖和盐的成分都很高。 The food that you take in restaurants are high in fat,sugar and salt. 2 这个男孩儿昨天晚上表现挺好。 The boy behaved very well last night. 3 校长的日程表安排得满满的。 The principal has a very tight schedule. 4 我父亲把诚实看得比什么都重要。 My father values honesty beyond all things. 5 要不是当初得到你的帮助，我真的不知道自己会做出什么样的事情。 Had it not been for your help,I really don’t know what I’d have done. 6 There is no smoke without fire. 无风不起浪 7 Once you gain confidence in yourself,you can judge truth and error with you own mind. 一旦你获得了自信，就能用自己的头脑去判断真理和错误。 8 Some of the stories were really more than could be believed. 有些故事实在不能令人相信。 9 His failure to observe the safety regulations resulted in an accident to the machinery. 他没有遵守安全规则，结果机器出了故障。 10 Language is learned in small bits. 学语言是日积月累的过程。 2018年武汉轻工大学普通专升本考试《英语》真题参考答案及解析 Part IV 1 He had fallen in love with her picture even before he met her.His wife had a great influence on Twain’s later books. 甚至在没有见到她之前，他已经爱上了她的照片。马克吐温的妻子对他后来的写作有着极大的影响。 2 His travels around the country giving talks on different kinds of subjects helped make him famous and increased the sale of his books. 他在国内游历的同时做出了不同话题的演讲，这也使得他出名并增加了书的销量。 2019年湖北省普通专升本考试《英语》真题汇编（一）参考答案及解析 Part IV 81 这本书是我看过的最有趣的一本。 This book is the most interesting book(that) I have ever read. 82 他带学生去参观工厂 He took his students to the factory for a visit. 83 给我足够的时间，我也能做好。 Given enough time,I can do it well too. 84 谢谢你给我们帮了这么多的忙。 Thank you for giving us so much help. 85 昨天我是在街道上遇到他的。 It was in the street that I met him yesterday. 86 As is known to us all,light runs faster than sound. 众所周知，光速比声速快。 87 He feels it his duty to help others. 他觉得帮助别人是他的责任。 88 Nothing has happened since we parted. 自我们分别后没发生什么事情。 89 He cannot be operated upon as he is very weak. 他身体很弱，不能动手术。 90 It should be understood that to err is human. 应该理解犯错是人之常情。 2019年湖北省普通专升本考试《英语》真题汇编（二）参考答案及解析 Part IV 81 即时短信是如此便捷以至于现在大家都用它 Instant message is so convenient that everyone uses it now. 82 我们对人生应该有积极的态度。 We should have a positive attitude to/towards life. 83 毫无疑问，她是我们班上学习最好的同学之一。 There is no doubt that she is one of the best students in our class. 84 整个团队的未来都取决于他的决定 The future of the whole team depends/relies on his decision. 85 我们必须仔细观察市场的变化。 We must observe the changes in the market carefully. 86 If you were to exert your influence on him,he might change his mind. 如果你对他施加影响，他可能会改变主意。 87 Although she was new,she got a promotion three months later for her diligence and intelligence. 尽管她还是个新人，因为她的勤奋和智慧，三个月后她升职了。 88 When choosing a job,you should find out what you enjoy doing instead of just applying for any job. 当（你）选择职业时，你应该找到自己喜欢的工作而不仅仅只是申请一份工作。 89 He spoke on behalf of all staffs of the company. 他代表公司所有员工发言。 90 The more exercise you take,the less likely you are to catch a cold. 你进行的锻炼越多，就越不可能感冒。自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
自考英语二题型包括七个部分，分别是阅读判断、阅读选择、概括段落大意和补全句子、填句补文、填词补文、完形补文以及短文写作。一、阅读判断阅读判断一般位于试卷的第一题，给你一段短文，根据短文内容对于每个句子作出判断，一般有10个句子判断选项，正确的选A，错误的选B。需要大家读懂文章大意，才能作出正确选项。二、阅读选择阅读选择也是一段短文，题目的设置是通过阅读短文，从所给各题的4个选项中选出1个最佳选项，选项不再是判断对错，而是挖空的形式，属于细节题。三、概括段落大意和补全句子概括段落大意，简单来说就是根据段落大意，然后根据每个段落的意思，选择一个符合意思的词语。一般有五个选项，而补全句子需要从六个选项中选择五个选项填入对应句子，将其补全。四、填句补文一般短文会设置5处空白，而短文后会设置6个句子选项，要求考生根据短文内容将其分别放回原有位置，以恢复文章原貌。五、填词补文除了填句补文以外，还有填词补文。这种题型在英语四级和六级的考试中，也是有的，主要对于考生单词词汇量要求比较高。六、完形补文或许大家对于完形补文比较陌生，但是完形填空大家一定知道，其实完形补文也差不多，需要考生根据空白括号后的单词提示，根据上下文，正确填写单词形式，进而补全文章。七、短文写作凡是英语考试，必然会要求写英语作文，就像考语文一定要作文一样，作文写作字数一般要求在100词左右。根据指定的话题完成写作任务。自考/专升本有疑问、不知道自考/专升本考点内容、不清楚当地自考/专升本考试政策，点击底部咨询官网，免费获取个人学历提升方案：
自考学位英语就是那些需要考取本科学士学位证的小伙伴必参加的考试，如果不考学位证就不用，虽然很多人想考学位证，但是发现要考英语就头疼，英语考试成为了阻碍，那么自考学位英语题型有哪些？学位英语的考试题型有：20道词汇语法题，总分20分;20道阅读理解题，总分40分;10道完形填空题，总分10分;5道翻译题，总分20分;1道短文写作题，总分30分。整张试卷一共120分。自考学位英语每年可以考几次自考学位英语每年可以报考两次，上半年报名时间是3月份，下半年报名时间是8月份。自考学位英语并不属于自学考试的组成部分，学位英语是由每个省的学位委员会组织的。（各省学位英语考试时间可能存在差异，请以各省官网发布信息为准）自考学位英语备考技巧1、多积累英语词汇单词是英语学习的基础，所以自考生平时学习英语，都要背单词。阅读时遇到生词时，一定要查词典弄明白词义。2、考前多做近年考试题做真题是为了熟悉题型，了解考试知识点。所以在考前一个月，在网上把近年的自考学位英语考试题都下载下来，然后按照考试时间要求，一套一套地做题，然后对答案，再把卷子复习一两遍，确定每道题为什么对了，为什么错了，尤其把错题重点关照一下，直到弄明白为止。3、多做阅读理解题这是自考学位英语学习方法中必须要重点注意的。阅读理解题所占比重很大，如果阅读理解做得不好，只得到十几分，那么想过关就很难。所以这一题型一定要争取多得分。自考生平时多找一些英语材料阅读，提高阅读速度。自考/成人高考有疑问、不知道如何选择主考院校及专业、不清楚自考/成考当地政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
自考英语试卷题型是怎样的？ 第一部分、完成对话 本部分共有3段不完整的对话，设10道题。第一段对话设4个空格，下面有用来完成对话的4个选择项，要求考生根据对话内容将全部4个选择项分别填人对话中的空格，使之完整。第二段和第三段对话分别设3个空格，下面有用来完成对话的4个选择项，要求考生选择其中的3个分别填人对话中的空格，使之完整。 本部分满分为10分，每题1分。考试时间为10分钟。 第二部分、阅读理解 本部分共有4篇短文，总长度为1200词左右。每篇文章后设5道题，共20题。考生须在理解文章的基础上从为每个问题提供的4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案。本部分满分为40分，每题2分。考试时间为35分钟。 第三部分、词汇和语法 本部分共设20题，其中10题为词汇题，10题为语法题。每一题中有一个空白，要求考生在理解句意的基础上在4个选择项中选择一个最佳答案。 本部分满分为10分，每题0.5分。考试时间为10分钟。 第四部分、完形填空 本部分是一篇200——300词的一般性短文，短文中设10个空白，每个空白为一道题。考生须在理解短文意思的基础上从为每个空白提供的4个选择项中选出一个最佳答案，使短文的意思和结构恢复完整。 本部分满分为10分，每题1分。考试时间为10分钟。 第五部分、英译汉 本部分可以是一篇长度为120个左右英文单词的短文，要求考生翻译全文；也可以是一个较长的段落，要求考生翻译其中带有下画线的5个句子。要求译文意思准确，文字通顺。 本部分满分为15分，考试时间为25分钟。 第六部分、短文写作 本部分可要求考生写一篇常见的应用文，也可用提纲、情景或图表做提示，要求考生说明或论述一个一般性话题，文章长度不低于100个英文单词。 本部分满分为15分，考试时间为30分钟。自考/成考有疑问、不知道如何总结自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考报名当地政策，点击底部咨询官网，免费领取复习资料：