我的方法是建立一个树枝结构。复习开始时面对的最大困惑是东西太多，无从下手，而且更糟是前背后忘记，忘得比背得快，简直是没天理，花下去的时间精力似乎打了水漂。当然要让每个作家都能象对Shakespeare一样一听就有个大概印象，没有充足广泛阅读量是无法做到的。既然太深一下子沉不到海底，我索性浮起来从面上抓，我的树枝结构应运而生。可以说书前的目录就是主树杆，每个时期是树枝，每个作家便是树叉，单是这样还是很抽像很难记，加上不同的"色彩形状的叶子"，开始不用很多，节选作品，称号（e.g. the father of ..... or the Poet's Poet），相关术语（Whitman-free verse, Emerson-trascandentalism），正是这些"叶子"使树叉有其独特之处，成为记忆的载体。这样我一下子把英美文学浓缩成二张卡片，在回家上班路上忙里偷闲时看一下，记一下，背一下。嗨，各位，这真得很有效噢，在很短时间内，我可以做出60％的选择题了，并将茫然无序的思路理清。Though my tree is still in winter, "if winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"。这也许可作为根基吧，但其巩固是在这棵树枝繁叶茂的过程中，基础巩固与细节化是相辅相承的。然后我准备了一份小册子，一页一位作家，每页再加上作家主要作品，风格，特点，作品情节，语言，人物描写，功献，第一或最后本作品，最成功作品，最....，通过你不断从课本中汲取，你的树会茁壮成长，并且由重点到细节，从记忆，熟悉，理解整个过程基本附合考纲要求，完美状态是直至差不多等于课本知识的涵盖量（这是共产主义状态，说实在的我没达到，真是革命尚未成功，同志还需努力）。英美文学是综合学科，要通过或考好，是需要日常对英美历史背景熟悉，对大量著作的阅读，研究体会的。死记硬背真的只是应付考试的，原始而无意义手段，而且对来年的考题是没办法应付的噢！以下还有一些小窍门，希望有帮助：1.先复习美国文学，后英国文学；2.美国文学可先从现实主义阶段开始，英国文学可先从维多利亚阶段开始；3.去年考过题还会再考；4.诗中解释较多的话，找那些能反映主题的解释多背背；明年多半是课本没有的解释了，考你的对诗理解程度了，5。对各阶段时期特征多花功夫复习；6.明年的理解题，综合题，比较题必然多，例如：1.二个阶段思想，风格比较，举例说明；2.描述一个阶段思想，风格特点，举例说明；3.比较二个同一，不同阶段诗人，剧作家，小说家，举其作品说明；刁钻复杂的题人人都可猜，我并非想例出一点希奇古怪的题扰乱你们的思路。这次四月考试，我是充满信心拿高分，对每位作家或诗人我都仔细复习到了，但题目仍是出乎我意料之外，我觉得不公平是题型已不是去年直白而水平的出题方式，是一种纵向综合题型。我想提醒明年要参加考试的同学，决不要把每个作家或时期独立复习，如果可能的话，在对每位作家或时期有一定熟悉的程度，作一点纵向的比较，不但能加深理解，对你们明年考试决对有帮助，不，是贡献。坦白的说，这次考试当天上午，我脑海种几次想到应看一下各个时期的异同点，这是我的薄弱环节，但我仍按常理将重点放在几位重要作家写作风格的复习上了。如果明年你是第一次考英美文学，那就别满足于对各位作家的了解，如果明年你又要参加考试，也许猜一点比今年更难的题目，才能应付自如。在英美文学上我真花很大功夫和精力（与其它的十几门课相比），开始时期我确实感到无从下手，复习得很慢很仔细但效率不高。我在这里介绍我的学习方法，只想给以后考试的同学一些提示吧！必竟是我亲身感受和经历的，希望大家能少走一些弯路。在我开始自己的树枝结构的复习方法后，我的学习效率大大提高，那是一种直接，明确，层次分明，直达中心的感觉，我不知谁是否有过同感--课本变薄--确实一种美妙感觉，那天起我便有信心通过英美文学。树枝结构如同将不同时期分成几格抽屉，复习每位作家时就象理衣服一样将它们各就其位，而每格抽屉与其中的衣服都有其共有的独特风格，（eg. English romantic period is an age of poetry, so there are 6 poets introduced here, and natue and freedom are main concerns of theirs)。 这样就不会象一开始，对每件衣服都细细打理，一旦回头发觉身后堆了一地衣服，仍然茫然不知所措。（我曾将英国文学前二个时期来回复习二遍，恼火是进度极慢而能熟记住的东西不多，后然发觉这二个时期是最次要两个阶段。）这也是我为什么建议大家先看维多利亚时期的原因之一，将头脑清醒比较有耐心的阶段留给重点。
看完一章，做一章的题目，包括选择题和问答题。能记多少算多少。能记得20%就不错了。等全部看完书，开始做全真模拟题，重点放在选择题。慢慢能做对60%就不错了。最后考试前一个星期，把过往每年的考题的问答题背下。最后两天做全真模拟题。问答题拿分是考试过关的关键。由于记忆的短时性，一拿到考题先做问答题。把能做的问答题都拿下先。最后慢慢做选择题，最后不懂的问答题可能在选择题中会有启发。哥考了13年，终于74分考过了。
Chapter 5The Modern Period Ⅰ。学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解20世纪批判现实主义文学和现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景。认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对现当代英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 英国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释：现代主义 4. 应用：选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格，如 （1）叶芝和艾略特诗歌（所选作品）的主题、意象分析 （2）小说《儿子与情人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析 （3）意识流小说的主要特色分析 （4）萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义分析 Ⅲ。考核知识点和考核要求 （一）现代时期概述 1.识记： A. 20世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景 B.英国20世纪批判现实主义文学 C.现代主义文学的兴起与衰落 2.领会： A. 现代主义文学创作的基本主张 B.英国现代主义文学思潮 （1）诗歌 （2）小说 （3）戏剧 3.应用： A.名词解释：现代主义 B.英国现代主义文学的特点 C.现代主义文学对当代文学的影响 （二）现代时期的主要作家 A.萧伯纳 1.一般：萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯。 2.识记： A.萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张 B.萧伯纳的戏剧创作 （1）早期主要作品：《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》 （2）中期作品：《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》 （3）晚期作品：《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》 3.领会： A.萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义 B.萧伯纳的戏剧对20世纪英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等 B.约翰。高尔斯华绥 1.一般识记：高尔斯华绥的生平与文学生涯 2.识记：高尔斯华绥的文学创作 （1）戏剧：《银盒》、《正义》、《斗争》 （2）小说：《福赛特世家》（《有产业的人》、《骑虎》、《出租》）、《现代喜剧》 3.领会： A.高尔斯华绥的创作思想 B.高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说的主要特点及社会意义 4.应用： 选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格。语言特点、叙述手法等 C、威廉。勃特勒。叶芝 1.一般：叶芝的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：叶芝诗歌的代表作品 （1）早期诗歌：《茵尼斯弗利岛》、《梦见仙境的人》、《玫瑰》 （2）中期诗歌：《新的纪元》、《1916年的复活节》 （3）晚期诗歌：《驶向拜占廷》、《丽达及天鹅》、《在学童们中间》 3.领会： A.叶芝的诗歌创作思想 B.叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义 C.叶芝诗歌的艺术成就 D.叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响 E.叶芝的戏剧创作 4.应用：选读：、所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等 D、T.S.艾略特 1.一般识记：艾略特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：艾略特的主要诗歌作品 （1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 （2）《荒原》 （3）《灰星期三》 （4）《四个四重奏》 3.领会： A.艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观 B.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义 C.艾略特的戏剧 D. 文略特的艺术成就 E.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义 B.选读：所选作品的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 E.戴维。赫伯特。劳伦斯 1.一般识记：劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：劳伦斯的主要小说 （1）《儿子与情人》 （2）《虹》 （3）《恋爱中的女人》 3.领会： A. 劳伦斯的创作思想 B. 劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义 . C. 劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等 F.詹姆斯。乔伊斯 1.一般识记：乔伊斯的生平与创作生涯 2.识记：乔伊斯的主要作品简介 （1）《都柏林人》 （2）《青年艺术家的肖像》 （3）《尤利西斯》 3.领会： A. 乔伊斯的文学创作主张与美学思想 B. 乔伊斯小说的主要艺术特色及思想意义 C.乔伊斯的艺术成就 D.乔伊斯的作品对现当代世界文学的影响 4.应用： A. 意识流小说的主要特色分析 B. 选读：所选作品的主题思想、人物塑造、语言特色、艺术手法等 Chapter 5 The Modern Period 一。识记： 1. The social， ideological background of the modern English literature： （1） The influences of the two World Wars on English literature： Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The First World War and the Second World War had greatly influenced the English literature. The catastrophic First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. Its appalling shock severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values； The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people， who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war： thousands of people were killed； the economy was ruined； and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic， cultural， and belief crisises. （2） Ideologically， the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. （a） In the mid-19th century， Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put forward the theory of scientific socialism， which not only provided a guiding principle for the working people， but also inspired them to make dauntless fights for their own emancipation. （b） Darwin's theory of evolution exerted a strong influence upon the people， causing many to lose their religious faith. The social Darwinism， under the cover of "survival of the fittest，" vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. （c） Einstein's theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space. （d） Freud's analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. （e） Arthur Schopenhauer， a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism， stressing the importance of will and intuition. （f） Having inherited the basic principles from Schopenhauer， Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality. （g） Based on the major ideas of his predecessors， Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy which put the emphasis on creation， intuition， irrationality and unconsciousness. All these irrationalist philosophers exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain. So， after the First World War， all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared： symbolism， expressionism， surrealism， cubism， futurism， Dadaism， imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s， these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement， which swept across the whole Europe and America. After the Second World War， a variety of modernism， or post-modernism， like existentialist literature， theater of the absurd， new novels and black humor， rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that "the world was absurd， and the human life was an agony." 2. The development of English poetry in the 20th century： The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. In the early years of this century， Thomas Hardy and the war poets of the younger generation were important realistic poets. Hardy expressed his strong sympathies for the suffering poor and his bitter disgusts at the social evils in his poetry as in his novels. The soldiers-poets of World War I revealed the appalling brutality of the war in a most realistic way. The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats's matured poetry marked the rise of "modern poetry，" which was， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. The 1930s witnessed great economic depressions， mass unemployment， and the rise of the Nazis. Facing such a severe situation， most of the young intellects started to turn to the left. And therefore the period was known as "the red thirties." A group of young poets during this period expressed in their poetry a radical political enthusiasm and a strong protest against fascism. With the coming of the 1950s， there was a return of realistic poetry again. By advocating reason， moral discipline， and traditional forms， a new generation of poets started "The Movement，" which explicitly rejected the modernist influence. There was no significant poetic movement in the 1960s. A multiplicity of choices opened to both the poet and the reader. Poets gradually moved into more individual styles. 3. Realism in the 20th century English literature： The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian tradition， yet its exposing and criticizing power against capitalist evils had been somewhat weakened both in width and depth. The outstanding realistic novelists of this period were John Galsworthy， H. G. Wells， and Arnold Eennett. The three trilogies of Galsworthy's Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century， which revealed the corrupted capitalist world. In his novels of social satire， H. G. Wells made realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the "Little Man；" whereas Bennett presented a vivid picture of the English life in the industrial Midlands in his best novels. Realism was， to a certain extent， eclipsed by the rapid rise of modernism in the 1920s. But with the strong swing of leftism in the 1930s， novelists began to turn their attention to the urgent social problems. They also enriched the traditional ways of creation by adopting some of the modernist techniques. However， the realistic novels of this period were more or less touched by a pessimistic mood， preoccupied with the theme of man's loneliness， and shaped in different forms： social satires by Aldous Huxley and George Orwell comic satires on the English upper class by Evelyn Waugh； and Catholic novels by Graham Greene. Another important group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background in the mid-1950s and early 1960s known as "The Angry Young Man." They demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. Kingsley Amis， John Wain， John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. They portrayed unadorned working-class life in their novels with great freshness and vigor of the working-class language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim （1954）。 The term "The Angry Young Man" came to be widely Having been merged and interpenetrated with modernism in the past several decades， the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s appeared in a new face with a richer， more vigorous and more diversified style. 二。领会： 1.Modern English poetry： It is， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. 2. Modern English novels： The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation， the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind， that one's present was the sum of his past， present and future， and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique， isolated， and private world of each individual， writers like Dorothy Richardson， James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson， Ulysses （1922） by Joyce， and Mrs. Dalloway （1925） by Woolf. One of the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing， which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century. James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist； in Ulysses， his encyclopedia-like masterpiece， Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed， illogical， illusory， and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom， who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence， old traditions are still there， but their subject matter about human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern. Forster's masterpiece， A Passage to India （1924）， is a novel of decidedly symbolist aspirations， in which the author set up， within a realistic story， a fable of moral significance that implies a highly mystical， symbolic view of life， death， human relationship， and the relationship of man with the infinite universe. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing； but unlike Joyce， he was not concerned with technical innovations； his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He believed that life impulse was the primacy of man's instinct， and that any conscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the individual's personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow （1915） and Women in Love （1920）， Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships， especially those between men and women， with a great frankness Lawrence claimed that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the desires for power and money， by the shams and frauds of middle-class life， and， above all， by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization， which turned men into inhuman machines. After the Second World War， modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism which was reflected mainly in drama. 3. The development of 20th century English drama： The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw， who， in a sense， pioneered the modern drama， though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. Wilde expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption， their snobbery， and their hypocrisy in his plays， especially in his masterpiece， The Importance-of Being Earnest （1895）。 Shaw is is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare whose works are examples of the plays inspired by social criticism. John Galsworthy carried on this tradition of social criticism in his plays. By dramatizing social and ethical problems， Galsworthy made considerable achievements in his plays such as The Silver Box （1906） and Strife （1910）， in which Galsworthy presents not only realistic pictures of social injustice， but also the workers' heroic struggles against their employers. W. B. Yeats， a prominent poet of the 20th century， was the leader of the Irish National Theater Movement. He was a verse playwright who desired to restore lyrical drama to popularity. With the heroic portrayal of spiritual truth as his main concern， Yeats wrote a number of verse plays， introducing Irish myths and folk legends； but the plot in his plays was seldom very dramatic. The 1930s witnessed a revival of poetic drama in England. One of the early experimenters was T. S. Eliot who regarded drama as the best medium of poetry. Eliot wrote several verse plays and made a considerable success. Murder in the Cathedral （1935）， with its purely dramatic power， remains the most popular of his verse plays， in spite of its primarily religious purpose. After Eliot， Christopher Fry gained considerable successes in poetic drama. His exuberant though poetically commonplace verse drama. The Lady's Not For Burning （1948）， attracted delighted audience. The English dramatic revolution， which came in the 1950s under various European and American influences， developed in two directions： the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd. The working-class drama was started by a group of young writers from the lower-middle class， or working class， who presented a new type of plays which expressed a mood of restlessness， anger and frustration， a spirit of rebelliousness， and a strong emotional protest against the existing social institutions. John Osborne's play， Look Back in Anger （1956）， in a fresh， unadorned working-class language， angrily， violently and unrelentingly condemned the contemporary social evils. With an entirely new sense of reality， Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the first "Angry Young Man." The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett， who wrote about human beings living a meaningless life in an alien， decaying world. His first play Waiting for Godot （1955） is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.
Chapter 3 The Modern Period Ⅰ。本章学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解20世纪初期至中叶美国现代文学产生 的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对当代美国文学发展的影响；了解该时期主要作家的文学生涯、创作意图、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 美国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释：“迷惘的一代”，意象派诗歌，象征主义，表现主义，意识流 4. 选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格 Ⅲ。 考核知识点和考核要求 （一）现代时期美国文学概述 1. 识记： A.两次世界大战期间美国文学产生的历史及文化背景 （1）两次世界大战 （2）移居国外的美国人 （3）马克思主义理论和弗洛伊德学说 （4）欧洲现代派艺术 B.战后美国文学产生的历史及文化背景 2. 领会： A. 两次世界大战期间的美国文学 （1）诗歌：意象派诗人；象征主义 （2）小说；“迷恫的一代” （3）戏剧：表现主义 B.战后美国文学 （1）诗歌：“垮掉的一代”等 （2）小说：黑人小说、*人小说、实验小说（荒诞派 小说）等 （3）美国现代文学多元化的现象 C.美国现代文学写作手法的创新 3.应用 A.名词解释：“迷惘的一代”，意象派诗歌，象征主义，表现主义，意识流 B.“荒原”意识在美国20世纪文学中的反映 C.分析选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格 （二）美国现代时期的主要作家 A.埃兹拉。庞德 1.一般识记：庞德的生平和创作生涯 2.识记：庞德的诗歌 （1）短诗：《地铁站一瞥》 （2）长诗：《诗章》 3. 领会： （1）庞德与意象主义 （2）庞德与中国文化 （3）庞德的诗歌理论及艺术特色 4.应用：《地铁站一瞥》《盟约》《河商的妻子》：主题、意象、语言 B.罗伯特。弗洛斯特 1.一般识记：弗洛斯特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：弗洛斯特的诗歌：田园诗；自然诗 3.领会： （1）弗洛斯特诗歌的艺术特色 （2）弗洛斯特的诗论 4.应用： （1） 弗洛斯特的自然诗 （2）《摘苹果后》《未选择的路》《雪夜停马在林边》：主题、 象征与比喻、语言 C.尤金。奥尼尔 1.一般识记：奥尼尔的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：奥尼尔的戏剧 （1）早期作品：独幕剧；多幕剧《天外边》 （2）中期作品：《琼斯皇帝》《伟大之神布朗》《毛猿》 ——表现主义和象征主义的力作 （3）后期作品：《直到夜晚的漫长一天》 一 自传体戏剧 剧 3.领会： （1）奥尼尔戏剧的悲观主义和神秘主义色彩 （2）奥尼尔戏剧的艺术特色 4.应用：选读《毛猿》第八场：主题结构、表现主义和象征主义手 法、语言特色 D.司各特。菲兹杰拉德 1.一般识记：菲兹杰拉德的生平及创作生涯 2.识记： （1）菲兹杰拉德与“爵士时代” （2）主要作品：短篇小说集：《爵士时代的故事》 中、长篇小说：《人间天堂》《了不起的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》《最后一个巨头》 3.领会： （1）《了不起的盖茨比》与“美国梦” （2）菲兹杰拉德的小说艺术 4.应用：《了不起的盖茨比》第三章：主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格 E.欧内斯特。海明威 1.一般识记：海明威的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：海明威的主要作品 （1）短篇小说集：《在我们的时代里》-一涅克的故事 （2）长篇小说：《太阳照样升起》《永别了，武器》《丧钟为谁而鸣》《老人与海》 3.领会：海明威与“迷惘的一代” 4.应用： （1）海明威小说的艺术特色：“硬汉”形象、“重压下的风 度”、“冰山”原则等 （2）《在我们的时代里》选篇：主题结构、人物刻画、语言 风格 F.威廉。福克纳 1.一般识记： 福克纳的生平及创作生涯 2.识记： （l）福克纳的主要作品：中、短篇小说：《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》《老人》《熊》等；长篇小说：《喧嚣与骚动》 《八月之光》《我弥留之际》《押沙龙，押沙龙！》 （2）福克纳的“约克纳帕塔法”神话王国 3.领会： （1）福克纳小说的艺术特色：“意识流”、“内心独白”、“时序颠倒”、“对位式结构”、“象征隐喻”等 （2）福克纳的文体 （3）福克纳与美国南方文学 4.应用：《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》：主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格
Chapter 3 The Modern Period Ⅰ。本章学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解20世纪初期至中叶美国现代文学产生 的历史、文化背景，认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对当代美国文学发展的影响；了解该时期主要作家的文学生涯、创作意图、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 美国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释：“迷惘的一代”，意象派诗歌，象征主义，表现主义，意识流 4. 选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格 Ⅲ。 考核知识点和考核要求 （一）现代时期美国文学概述 1. 识记： A.两次世界大战期间美国文学产生的历史及文化背景 （1）两次世界大战 （2）移居国外的美国人 （3）马克思主义理论和弗洛伊德学说 （4）欧洲现代派艺术 B.战后美国文学产生的历史及文化背景 2. 领会： A. 两次世界大战期间的美国文学 （1）诗歌：意象派诗人；象征主义 （2）小说；“迷恫的一代” （3）戏剧：表现主义 B.战后美国文学 （1）诗歌：“垮掉的一代”等 （2）小说：黑人小说、*人小说、实验小说（荒诞派 小说）等 （3）美国现代文学多元化的现象 C.美国现代文学写作手法的创新 3.应用 A.名词解释：“迷惘的一代”，意象派诗歌，象征主义，表现主义，意识流 B.“荒原”意识在美国20世纪文学中的反映 C.分析选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格 （二）美国现代时期的主要作家 A.埃兹拉。庞德 1.一般识记：庞德的生平和创作生涯 2.识记：庞德的诗歌 （1）短诗：《地铁站一瞥》 （2）长诗：《诗章》 3. 领会： （1）庞德与意象主义 （2）庞德与中国文化 （3）庞德的诗歌理论及艺术特色 4.应用：《地铁站一瞥》《盟约》《河商的妻子》：主题、意象、语言 B.罗伯特。弗洛斯特 1.一般识记：弗洛斯特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：弗洛斯特的诗歌：田园诗；自然诗 3.领会： （1）弗洛斯特诗歌的艺术特色 （2）弗洛斯特的诗论 4.应用： （1） 弗洛斯特的自然诗 （2）《摘苹果后》《未选择的路》《雪夜停马在林边》：主题、 象征与比喻、语言 C.尤金。奥尼尔 1.一般识记：奥尼尔的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：奥尼尔的戏剧 （1）早期作品：独幕剧；多幕剧《天外边》 （2）中期作品：《琼斯皇帝》《伟大之神布朗》《毛猿》 ——表现主义和象征主义的力作 （3）后期作品：《直到夜晚的漫长一天》 一 自传体戏剧 剧 3.领会： （1）奥尼尔戏剧的悲观主义和神秘主义色彩 （2）奥尼尔戏剧的艺术特色 4.应用：选读《毛猿》第八场：主题结构、表现主义和象征主义手 法、语言特色 D.司各特。菲兹杰拉德 1.一般识记：菲兹杰拉德的生平及创作生涯 2.识记： （1）菲兹杰拉德与“爵士时代” （2）主要作品：短篇小说集：《爵士时代的故事》 中、长篇小说：《人间天堂》《了不起的盖茨比》《夜色温柔》《最后一个巨头》 3.领会： （1）《了不起的盖茨比》与“美国梦” （2）菲兹杰拉德的小说艺术 4.应用：《了不起的盖茨比》第三章：主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格 E.欧内斯特。海明威 1.一般识记：海明威的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：海明威的主要作品 （1）短篇小说集：《在我们的时代里》-一涅克的故事 （2）长篇小说：《太阳照样升起》《永别了，武器》《丧钟为谁而鸣》《老人与海》 3.领会：海明威与“迷惘的一代” 4.应用： （1）海明威小说的艺术特色：“硬汉”形象、“重压下的风 度”、“冰山”原则等 （2）《在我们的时代里》选篇：主题结构、人物刻画、语言 风格 F.威廉。福克纳 1.一般识记： 福克纳的生平及创作生涯 2.识记： （l）福克纳的主要作品：中、短篇小说：《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》《老人》《熊》等；长篇小说：《喧嚣与骚动》 《八月之光》《我弥留之际》《押沙龙，押沙龙！》 （2）福克纳的“约克纳帕塔法”神话王国 3.领会： （1）福克纳小说的艺术特色：“意识流”、“内心独白”、“时序颠倒”、“对位式结构”、“象征隐喻”等 （2）福克纳的文体 （3）福克纳与美国南方文学 4.应用：《给艾米莉小姐的玫瑰》：主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格
Chapter 5The Modern Period Ⅰ。学习目的和要求 通过本章的学习，了解20世纪批判现实主义文学和现代主义文学产生的历史、文化背景。认识该时期文学创作的基本特征、基本主张，及其对现当代英国文学乃至文化的影响；了解该时期重要作家的文学创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品，了解其思想内容和写作特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点 1. 英国现代文学的特征 2. 主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画和语言风格 3. 名词解释：现代主义 4. 应用：选读作品的主题结构、艺术特色、人物刻画和语言风格，如 （1）叶芝和艾略特诗歌（所选作品）的主题、意象分析 （2）小说《儿子与情人》的主题和主要人物的性格分析 （3）意识流小说的主要特色分析 （4）萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义分析 Ⅲ。考核知识点和考核要求 （一）现代时期概述 1.识记： A. 20世纪英国社会的政治、经济、文化背景 B.英国20世纪批判现实主义文学 C.现代主义文学的兴起与衰落 2.领会： A. 现代主义文学创作的基本主张 B.英国现代主义文学思潮 （1）诗歌 （2）小说 （3）戏剧 3.应用： A.名词解释：现代主义 B.英国现代主义文学的特点 C.现代主义文学对当代文学的影响 （二）现代时期的主要作家 A.萧伯纳 1.一般：萧伯纳的生平与文学生涯。 2.识记： A.萧伯纳的政治改革思想和文学创作主张 B.萧伯纳的戏剧创作 （1）早期主要作品：《鳏夫的房产》、《华伦夫人的职业》、《康蒂坦》、《凯撒和克莉奥佩特拉》 （2）中期作品：《人与超人》、《巴巴拉少校》、《皮格马利翁》 （3）晚期作品：《伤心之家》、《回到麦修色拉》、《圣女贞德》、《苹果车》 3.领会： A.萧伯纳戏剧的特点与社会意义 B.萧伯纳的戏剧对20世纪英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《华伦夫人的职业》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物塑造、语言特点、艺术手法等 B.约翰。高尔斯华绥 1.一般识记：高尔斯华绥的生平与文学生涯 2.识记：高尔斯华绥的文学创作 （1）戏剧：《银盒》、《正义》、《斗争》 （2）小说：《福赛特世家》（《有产业的人》、《骑虎》、《出租》）、《现代喜剧》 3.领会： A.高尔斯华绥的创作思想 B.高尔斯华绥批判现实主义小说的主要特点及社会意义 4.应用： 选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格。语言特点、叙述手法等 C、威廉。勃特勒。叶芝 1.一般：叶芝的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：叶芝诗歌的代表作品 （1）早期诗歌：《茵尼斯弗利岛》、《梦见仙境的人》、《玫瑰》 （2）中期诗歌：《新的纪元》、《1916年的复活节》 （3）晚期诗歌：《驶向拜占廷》、《丽达及天鹅》、《在学童们中间》 3.领会： A.叶芝的诗歌创作思想 B.叶芝诗歌的特点及思想意义 C.叶芝诗歌的艺术成就 D.叶芝的诗歌对当代英国文学的影响 E.叶芝的戏剧创作 4.应用：选读：、所选作品的主题思想、语言风格、艺术特色等 D、T.S.艾略特 1.一般识记：艾略特的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：艾略特的主要诗歌作品 （1）《普鲁弗洛克的情歌》 （2）《荒原》 （3）《灰星期三》 （4）《四个四重奏》 3.领会： A.艾略特的文学理论与文艺批评观 B.艾略特诗歌的艺术特色及社会意义 C.艾略特的戏剧 D. 文略特的艺术成就 E.艾略特的文学创作及文艺批评思想对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《荒原》主题、结构、神话、象征、语言特色及社会意义 B.选读：所选作品的主题结构、思想内容、语言特点、艺术手法等 E.戴维。赫伯特。劳伦斯 1.一般识记：劳伦斯的生平及文学生涯 2.识记：劳伦斯的主要小说 （1）《儿子与情人》 （2）《虹》 （3）《恋爱中的女人》 3.领会： A. 劳伦斯的创作思想 B. 劳伦斯小说的主要艺术特色及社会意义 . C. 劳伦斯的小说对现当代英国文学的影响 4.应用： A.《儿子与情人》的故事梗概、情节结构、人物塑造、语言风格、思想意义 B.选读：所选作品的主要内容、人物性格、语言特点、艺术手法等 F.詹姆斯。乔伊斯 1.一般识记：乔伊斯的生平与创作生涯 2.识记：乔伊斯的主要作品简介 （1）《都柏林人》 （2）《青年艺术家的肖像》 （3）《尤利西斯》 3.领会： A. 乔伊斯的文学创作主张与美学思想 B. 乔伊斯小说的主要艺术特色及思想意义 C.乔伊斯的艺术成就 D.乔伊斯的作品对现当代世界文学的影响 4.应用： A. 意识流小说的主要特色分析 B. 选读：所选作品的主题思想、人物塑造、语言特色、艺术手法等 Chapter 5 The Modern Period 一。识记： 1. The social， ideological background of the modern English literature： （1） The influences of the two World Wars on English literature： Modernism rose out of skepticism and disillusion of capitalism. The First World War and the Second World War had greatly influenced the English literature. The catastrophic First World War tremendously weakened the British Empire and brought about great sufferings to its people as well. Its appalling shock severely destroyed people's faith in the Victorian values； The postwar economic dislocation and spiritual disillusion produced a profound impact upon the British people， who came to see the prevalent wretchedness in capitalism. The Second World War marked the last stage of the disintegration of the British Empire. Britain suffered heavy losses in the war： thousands of people were killed； the economy was ruined； and almost all its former colonies were lost. People were in economic， cultural， and belief crisises. （2） Ideologically， the rise of the irrational philosophy and new science greatly incited modern writers to make new explorations on human natures and human relationships. （a） In the mid-19th century， Karl Marx and Friedrich Engels put forward the theory of scientific socialism， which not only provided a guiding principle for the working people， but also inspired them to make dauntless fights for their own emancipation. （b） Darwin's theory of evolution exerted a strong influence upon the people， causing many to lose their religious faith. The social Darwinism， under the cover of "survival of the fittest，" vehemently advocated colonialism or jingoism. （c） Einstein's theory of relativity provided entirely new ideas for the concepts of time and space. （d） Freud's analytical psychology drastically altered our conception of human nature. （e） Arthur Schopenhauer， a pessimistic philosopher started a rebellion against rationalism， stressing the importance of will and intuition. （f） Having inherited the basic principles from Schopenhauer， Friedrich Nietzsche went further against rationalism by advocating the doctrines of power and superman and by completely rejecting the Christian morality. （g） Based on the major ideas of his predecessors， Henry Bergson established his irrational philosophy which put the emphasis on creation， intuition， irrationality and unconsciousness. All these irrationalist philosophers exerted immense influence upon the major modernist writers in Britain. So， after the First World War， all kinds of literary trends of modernism appeared： symbolism， expressionism， surrealism， cubism， futurism， Dadaism， imagism and stream of consciousness. Towards the 1920s， these trends converged into a mighty torrent of modernist movement， which swept across the whole Europe and America. After the Second World War， a variety of modernism， or post-modernism， like existentialist literature， theater of the absurd， new novels and black humor， rose with the spur of the existentialist idea that "the world was absurd， and the human life was an agony." 2. The development of English poetry in the 20th century： The 20th century has witnessed a great achievement in English poetry. In the early years of this century， Thomas Hardy and the war poets of the younger generation were important realistic poets. Hardy expressed his strong sympathies for the suffering poor and his bitter disgusts at the social evils in his poetry as in his novels. The soldiers-poets of World War I revealed the appalling brutality of the war in a most realistic way. The early poems of Pound and Eliot and Yeats's matured poetry marked the rise of "modern poetry，" which was， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. The 1930s witnessed great economic depressions， mass unemployment， and the rise of the Nazis. Facing such a severe situation， most of the young intellects started to turn to the left. And therefore the period was known as "the red thirties." A group of young poets during this period expressed in their poetry a radical political enthusiasm and a strong protest against fascism. With the coming of the 1950s， there was a return of realistic poetry again. By advocating reason， moral discipline， and traditional forms， a new generation of poets started "The Movement，" which explicitly rejected the modernist influence. There was no significant poetic movement in the 1960s. A multiplicity of choices opened to both the poet and the reader. Poets gradually moved into more individual styles. 3. Realism in the 20th century English literature： The realistic novels in the early 20th century were the continuation of the Victorian tradition， yet its exposing and criticizing power against capitalist evils had been somewhat weakened both in width and depth. The outstanding realistic novelists of this period were John Galsworthy， H. G. Wells， and Arnold Eennett. The three trilogies of Galsworthy's Forsyte novels are masterpieces of critical realism in the early 20th century， which revealed the corrupted capitalist world. In his novels of social satire， H. G. Wells made realistic studies of the aspirations and frustrations of the "Little Man；" whereas Bennett presented a vivid picture of the English life in the industrial Midlands in his best novels. Realism was， to a certain extent， eclipsed by the rapid rise of modernism in the 1920s. But with the strong swing of leftism in the 1930s， novelists began to turn their attention to the urgent social problems. They also enriched the traditional ways of creation by adopting some of the modernist techniques. However， the realistic novels of this period were more or less touched by a pessimistic mood， preoccupied with the theme of man's loneliness， and shaped in different forms： social satires by Aldous Huxley and George Orwell comic satires on the English upper class by Evelyn Waugh； and Catholic novels by Graham Greene. Another important group of young novelists and playwrights with lower-middle-class or working-class background in the mid-1950s and early 1960s known as "The Angry Young Man." They demonstrated a particular disillusion over the depressing situation in Britain and launched a bitter protest against the outmoded social and political values in their society. Kingsley Amis， John Wain， John Braine and Alan Sillitoe were the major novelists in this group. They portrayed unadorned working-class life in their novels with great freshness and vigor of the working-class language. Amis was the first to start the attack on middle-class privileges and power in his novel Lucky Jim （1954）。 The term "The Angry Young Man" came to be widely Having been merged and interpenetrated with modernism in the past several decades， the realistic novel of the 1960s and 1970s appeared in a new face with a richer， more vigorous and more diversified style. 二。领会： 1.Modern English poetry： It is， in some sense， a revolution against the conventional ideas and forms of the Victorian poetry. The modernist poets fought against the romantic fuzziness and self-indulged emotionalism， advocating new ideas in poetry- writing such as to use the language of common speech， to create new rhythms as the expression of a new mood， to allow absolute freedom in choosing subjects， and to use hard， clear and precise images in poems. 2. Modern English novels： The first three decades of 20th century were golden years of the modernist novel. In stimulating the technical innovations of novel creation， the theory of the Freudian and Jungian psycho-analysis played a particularly important role. With the notion that multiple levels of consciousness existed simultaneously in the human mind， that one's present was the sum of his past， present and future， and that the whole truth about human beings existed in the unique， isolated， and private world of each individual， writers like Dorothy Richardson， James Joyce and Virginia Woolf concentrated all their efforts on digging into the human consciousness. They had created unprecedented stream-of-consciousness novels such as Pilgrimage by Richardson， Ulysses （1922） by Joyce， and Mrs. Dalloway （1925） by Woolf. One of the remarkable features of their writings was their continuous experimentation on new and sophisticated techniques in novel writing， which made tremendous impacts on the creation of both realistic and modernist novels in this century. James Joyce is the most outstanding stream-of-consciousness novelist； in Ulysses， his encyclopedia-like masterpiece， Joyce presents a fantastic picture of the disjointed， illogical， illusory， and mental- emotional life of Leopold Bloom， who becomes the symbol of everyman in the post-World-War-ⅠEurope. In the works of E. M. Forster and D. H. Lawrence， old traditions are still there， but their subject matter about human relationships and their symbolic or psychological presentations of the novel are entirely modern. Forster's masterpiece， A Passage to India （1924）， is a novel of decidedly symbolist aspirations， in which the author set up， within a realistic story， a fable of moral significance that implies a highly mystical， symbolic view of life， death， human relationship， and the relationship of man with the infinite universe. D. H. Lawrence is regarded as revolutionary as Joyce in novel writing； but unlike Joyce， he was not concerned with technical innovations； his interest lay in the tracing of the psychological development of his characters and in his energetic criticism of the dehumanizing effect of the capitalist industrialization on human nature. He believed that life impulse was the primacy of man's instinct， and that any conscious repression of such an impulse would cause distortion or perversion of the individual's personality. In his best novels like The Rainbow （1915） and Women in Love （1920）， Lawrence made a bold psychological exploration of various human relationships， especially those between men and women， with a great frankness Lawrence claimed that the alienation of the human relationships and the perversion of human nature in the modern society were caused by the desires for power and money， by the shams and frauds of middle-class life， and， above all， by the whole capitalist mechanical civilization， which turned men into inhuman machines. After the Second World War， modernism had another upsurge with the rise of existentialism which was reflected mainly in drama. 3. The development of 20th century English drama： The most celebrated dramatists in the last decade of the 19th century were Oscar Wilde and George Bernard Shaw， who， in a sense， pioneered the modern drama， though they did not make so many innovations in techniques and forms as modernist poets or novelists. Wilde expressed a satirical and bitter attitude towards the upper-class people by revealing their corruption， their snobbery， and their hypocrisy in his plays， especially in his masterpiece， The Importance-of Being Earnest （1895）。 Shaw is is considered to be the best-known English dramatist since Shakespeare whose works are examples of the plays inspired by social criticism. John Galsworthy carried on this tradition of social criticism in his plays. By dramatizing social and ethical problems， Galsworthy made considerable achievements in his plays such as The Silver Box （1906） and Strife （1910）， in which Galsworthy presents not only realistic pictures of social injustice， but also the workers' heroic struggles against their employers. W. B. Yeats， a prominent poet of the 20th century， was the leader of the Irish National Theater Movement. He was a verse playwright who desired to restore lyrical drama to popularity. With the heroic portrayal of spiritual truth as his main concern， Yeats wrote a number of verse plays， introducing Irish myths and folk legends； but the plot in his plays was seldom very dramatic. The 1930s witnessed a revival of poetic drama in England. One of the early experimenters was T. S. Eliot who regarded drama as the best medium of poetry. Eliot wrote several verse plays and made a considerable success. Murder in the Cathedral （1935）， with its purely dramatic power， remains the most popular of his verse plays， in spite of its primarily religious purpose. After Eliot， Christopher Fry gained considerable successes in poetic drama. His exuberant though poetically commonplace verse drama. The Lady's Not For Burning （1948）， attracted delighted audience. The English dramatic revolution， which came in the 1950s under various European and American influences， developed in two directions： the working-class drama and the Theater of Absurd. The working-class drama was started by a group of young writers from the lower-middle class， or working class， who presented a new type of plays which expressed a mood of restlessness， anger and frustration， a spirit of rebelliousness， and a strong emotional protest against the existing social institutions. John Osborne's play， Look Back in Anger （1956）， in a fresh， unadorned working-class language， angrily， violently and unrelentingly condemned the contemporary social evils. With an entirely new sense of reality， Osborne brought vitality to the English theater and became known as the first "Angry Young Man." The most original playwright of the Theater of Absurd is Samuel Beckett， who wrote about human beings living a meaningless life in an alien， decaying world. His first play Waiting for Godot （1955） is regarded as the most famous and influential play of the Theater of Absurd.
全部题目用英文作答，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 PART ONE (40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice and write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. All of Charles Dickens’ works, with the exception of _________, present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.A. Bleak House B. Hard TimesC. Great ExpectationsD. A Tale of Two Cities2. From ____________ on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy’s novels, the conflict between the traditional and the moden is brought to the center of the stage.A. The Return of the NativeB. The Mayor of CasterbridgeC. Tess of the D’UrbervillesD. Jude the Obscure3. George Bernard Shaw’s play ____________ shows his almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of World War I and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Getting Married B. Too True to Be GoodC. Widowers’ HousesD. The Apple Cart4. It was only after the publication of ____________ that D.H. Lawrence was recognized as aprominent novelist.A. The Trespasser B. The White PeacockC. Sons and Lovers D. The Rainbow5. T. S. Eliot’s poem ____________ is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream- of -consciousness technique, also a prelude to The Waste Land.A. “Prufrock” B. “Gerontion”C. The Hollow Men D. Lyrical Ballads6. Charlotte Brontё’s ____________ is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions.A. The Professor B. Wuthering HeightsC. Villette D. Jane Eyre7. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four - act poetic drama ____________ , which is an ex- ultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A. Adonais B. Queen MabC. Prometheus Unbound D. Kubla Khan8. Among the Romantic poets ____________ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William Blake B. William WordsworthC. George Gordon Byron D. John Keats9. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is John Milton’s ____________.A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica10. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is____________.A. love and money B. money and social statusC. social status and marriage D. love and marriage11. T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem ____________ has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry.A. The Hollow Men B. The Waste LandC. Murder in the CathedralD. Ash Wednesday12. According to the subjects, William Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups, poems about____________.A. nature and human life B. happiness and childhoodC. symbolism and imagination D. nature and commonlife13. Among the following writers ____________ is considered to be the best -known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar Wilde B. John GalsworthyC. W. B. Yeats D. George Bernard Shaw14. William Blake’s ____________ composed during the climax of the French Revolution playsthe double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.A. The Book of Urizen B. The Book of LosC. Poetical Sketches D. Marriage of Heaven and Hell15. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of ____________ and pathos.A. metaphor B. passionC. satire D. humor16. Daniel Defoe describes ____________ as a typical English middle -class man of the eigh- teenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.A. Robinson Crusoe B. Moll FlandersC. Gulliver D. Tom Jones17. In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ____________ touch in his de- scription of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. nostalgic B. tragicC. romantic D. ironic18. Of all the eighteenth - century novelists ____________ was the first to set out, both in the-ory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
其实英美文学不是太难，只要按考纲来记就OK了，其实很多作家不需要记太多的，只要把一些相对来说比较有名的作家的作品和生平记一下就差不多了。还有，现代时期的作家，在答题的时候就多说一些什么现代主义啊，现实主义啊，等等。
选读嘛，不必非得看完。每看完一篇文章能够掌握主旨即可。对一些知名作家的背景及代表作需要了解。
二年差不多，除了英美文学、语言学、词汇学、翻译理论性较高外，其他课程难度不超过大学英语六级；总的来说，自考的英语专业是一门很考基础的专业。如果不切实提高自己的英语水平，很难有捷径走。同样，如果把基础打好，别的科目就相对轻松很多。决定了报考英语专业后，首先要安排考试的科目。其实我是有什么科目就考什么，否则也很难快速考完。有些科目是另一些的基础，还是有计划学习起来比较系统。在专业课里，首先要考的当然是高级英语。“翻译”要放在“口译与听力”之前。还有，选修课建议选与英文相关的。虽然中文的相对容易过，但读过一遍英文课本，哪怕是和中译本对照着看，对于自己的阅读和语感也是有很大好处的。至于公共课，就放在最后或者什么时候有空就顺便过了吧。
我也是学自考的，专业是英语，不过已经毕业了。在上学时英美文学的确是很让人感到头疼的一个学科，不过山在高也会有人去翻越的。其实学英美文学主要是记住选文前面有关作者和文章的相关介绍。再一个就是要对主要的选文仔细的阅读，特别是几个大家，例如莎士比亚了，他的每个选文都非常重要，一定要好好看。还有就是作品和作者要对上。我们考得时候就有作者和作品的匹配题。最后说说我自己总结出来的一个小方法吧。通常是要对一个时期的文学大家自己列一个表，要自己不看书的写出来，要英国和美国的一起写。因为美国的部分开始的比较晚，就可以先弄英国的。自己列好作家之后就针对每个作家写出他们的作品。然后自己想想作品的主要内容。并针对这一时期的文化背景提炼出一些主要的东西来。我当时就用的这种方法，尤其是在临考试前的一个月，这种方法比较有效。英美文学是一个非常好的学科，虽然学的时候很难，但能受益终生。希望你能顺利通过！这门课基本上没有捷径可走，必须都看一遍，切记，一定要看原文，译文只做参考。生平可以不用看的太详细，但是作品一定要记得滚瓜烂熟，就像初中学历史的时候背的作家和作品一样。英国部分占60分，美国部分占40分，可以按照这个比例去看书。再就是课本最后的教学大纲，按照那个可以帮助你捋顺。再就是做历年真题，一定是真题，出题一般都是从题库里找，有时好多题可以连续出好几年。英美文学一定要稳扎稳打，除非是对文学本来就有些研究的同学，可能看起来会顺一点。每个作家的风格一定要信手拈来，最后的大题考的就是这些。还有课本上的所有节选一定要知道这是谁的作品，以及这些作品的相关的东西。选择看着眼熟的一般就对了，前提是你得的确看着眼熟。我觉得最重要的就是看课本，一定不能把译文作为主要的来看，因为出题全是英语。最后希望你能顺利过关。 自考“英美文学选读”课程介绍课程性质与学习目的英美文学选读课是全国高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业本科段的必修课程，是为培养和检验自学应考者英美文学的基本理论知识和理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。设置本课程旨在使英语自学者对英美两国文学形成与发展的全貌有一个大概的了解；并通过阅读具有代表性的英美文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法。由于本课程以作家作品为重点，因此考生需仔细阅读原作。通过阅读，努力提高语言水平，增强对英美文学原著的理解，特别是对作品中表现的社会生活和人物思想感情的理解，提高他们阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。根据本课程考试的大纲，凡要求“识记”的内容，所涉及的知识和理论都与考核点直接相关，考生应熟知其概念和有关知识，理解其原理，并能在语言环境中予以辨认。凡要求“领会”的内容，必须做到掌握有关知识和理论。凡要求“应用”的内容，必须做到在掌握有关知识和理论的基础上使之转换为能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析解决英美文学中的相关问题，并指导作品的阅读。凡要求“一般识记”的内容，所涉及的知识和理论，一般不直接作为考核时命题的内容，但由于这些内容对于其他相关知识和理论以及作品阅读能力的考核有直接或间接的影响，因此要求考生在自学过程对这些内容也要有所了解自考名师总结：怎样准备英美文学选读 2009年04月09日 19:21 新东方新东方实用英语学院自考部 黄培辰英美文学选读这门课程学习比较困难，要记忆和理解的知识很多，学好这门课的关键是要注重以下几个问题。首先，要注意细节。文学新颁布了考试大纲，明确规定了考核目标。凡是考核目标范围内的作家，一定要仔细阅读，直到能说出以下几个内容才能继续向后复习：1)他的主要作品是什么？2)他的写作主题是什么？3)他的写作风格是什么？4)他是不是这个时代的代表性作家，如果是，那么出大答题的可能性存在不存在？如果这几个问题都能很明确地说出来了，那么考试通过的日子就不远了。其次，复习一定要有章法。有些同学对细节归纳不够，另外一些同学细节背得还可以，但语言表述能力不行。前一种同学，前面的四十分选择题做的就不理想，后面还有节选题，就更不好办了。后一种同学记得住细节，但是拼写语法错误多，看出来是什么作家了，就是写不对，这么丢分十分遗憾。对于这样的同学，我觉得规定每周看书的进度十分重要，比如4月1日到4月3日，准备复习英国文艺复兴部分，你可以每天上午先把书上的细节看一遍，对内容有一个大致的了解。下午的时候专门背大答题，细节也顾到了，大答题的表述内容记清了，进度控制住了，效率自然就提高了。还有就是一定要读作家评述后面的节选。有的考生只读关于作家和文学流派的介绍，不读教材中节选的引文，这样做是很危险的。试卷中有从教材里选出引文，要求考生回答作家的名字，作品的题目和对引文的理解。其实这些考生不是不想读后面的引文，而是没有学会阅读的方法。要想读懂后面的选文，关键是了解文学课本的写作特点。你得先弄清楚作家的创作主题和思想(这一部分通常是写在作家评述部分中)然后顺着创作主题到选文中寻找和这些创作思想相符的句子(选文登在后面，和创作主体部分经常是脱节的)这样做才能既少看，还不遗漏内容。比如惠特曼的诗歌，自我之歌的主题是“歌颂个人主义，自由和平等”，用第一人称手法把诗人的思想和大众的思想联系起来，歌颂一个自由的美国。而书后节选中的song of myself中的第一诗节就体现了这种主题： I celebrate myself and I sing myself。(这句话说的是自由和个人主义)，Every atom belonging to me as good belong to you。(这句话说得的诗人希望把自己的思想和大众的思想进行联系)，很显然，每一个美国人都把歌颂自己变成一个座右铭，一个人人歌颂自由的国度也就必然是一个歌颂自由的国度。总之，一定要前后联系的看节选，先找到主题，再读节选。最后就是大答题不能死记硬背，得想点办法，加快记忆效率。比如背雪莱的西风颂，那么一大段怎么背呀？最简单的办法就是先把中文的大意背下来，再抓住关键字，回想英语的内容是什么。你可以这么背：“西风是雪莱的形象(image)，西风是建设和摧毁的力量(constructive and destructive potential)，西风是无处不在的力量(universality)，用自然神祈祷希望和复生(primitive deity for hope and rebirth)”抓住了关键字，内容不就明确了吗？还有就是要找到作家之间，英美之间的一些相似性，这样对背诵也很有好处。比如课文中谈到托马斯哈代的自然主义时曾有过“性格即命运，环境即命运”的说法，在美国部分讨论德莱塞德自然主义时也有类似的内容，这个时候就要先背好托马斯哈代部分的内容，只有前面的内容背好了，后面的内容才有可能快速掠过，提高学习效率。类似的情况还出现在：狄更斯的创作主题和肖伯纳的创作主题之间有一些关键字是相似的(都谈到了谴责社会虚伪，不公和腐败)，英国现代文学创作特点和美国文学创作特点(都提到了from public to private, from chronological to psychic, from objective to subjective)。很多来新东方上课的同学其实开始英语水平都不太高，对文学也很头疼。但是找到了记忆方法之后，反而觉得文学很有意思，最后不仅考出了高分，还喜欢上了文学。这就全在学习方法了。总之，不能一句话一句话的“精读”，时间来不及，考试的时候未必记得住。耽误了时间，延迟了效率，得不偿失。 更多信息请访问：新浪自考频道 自考论坛 自考博客圈
The major writers of the Modern Period Ⅰ。Ezra Pound （1885-1972） 一。 一般识记 Ezra Pound's contribution to American literature： Pound was one of the most important poets and critics of his time and he was regarded as the father of modern American poetry. He is a leading spokesman of the "Imagist Movement"， which though short-lived， had a tremendous influence on modern poetry. 二。 识记 His major works： Pound composed poems， wrote criticisms and did translations. （1） His poetic works： In 1915 Pound began writing his great work， The Cantos， which spanned from 1917 to 1959 and were collected in The Cantos of Ezra Pound （1986）。 He joined a famous literary salon run by an American woman writer Gertrude Stein， and became involved in the experimentations on poetry. His other poetic works include twelve volumes of verse Collected Early Poems of Ezra Pound （1982）， and Personae （1909）， and some longer pieces such as Hugh Selwyn Mauberley （1920）。 （2） His critical essays： Make It New （l934）， Literary Essays （l954）， The ABC of Reading （1934） and Polite Essays （l937）， etc. These essays best reflect Pound's appraisals of literary traditions and of modern writing. （3） His translations： The Translations of Ezra Pound （1953）， Confucius （1969）， and Shih-Ching （1954） These translations have not only cast light on Pound's affinity to the Chinese and his strenuous effort in the study of Oriental literature， but also offered us a clue to the understanding of his poetry and literary theory. From the analysis of the Chinese ideogram Pound learned to anchor his poetic language in concrete， perceptual reality， and to organize images into larger patterns through juxtoposition. 三。 领会 1. Ezra Pound's poetic subjects or themes： （1） His earlier poetry is saturated with the familiar poetic subjects that characterize the 19th century Romanticism： songs in praise of a lady， songs concerning the poet's craft， love and friendship， death， the transience of beauty and the permanence of art， and some other subjects that Pound could call his own： the pain of exile， metamorphosis， the delightful psychic experience， the ecstatic moment， etc. （2） Later he is more concerned about the problems of the modern culture： the contemporary cultural decay and the possible sources of cultural renewal as well. In The Cantos， Pound traces the rise and fall of eastern and western empires， the moral and social chaos of the modern world， especially the corruption of America after the heroic time of Jefferson. From the perception of these things， stems the poet's search for order， which involves a search for the principles on which the poet's craft is based. 2. His artistic achievment： （1） He is the leader of the Imagist Movement： Led by the American poet Ezra Pound， Imagist Movement is a poetic movement that flourished in the U.S. and England between 1909-1917. It advances modernism in arts which concentrated on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism， especially Tennyson's wordiness and high-flown language in poetry. Pound endorsed three main principles as guidelines for Imagism， including direct treatment of poetic subjects， elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words， and rhythmical composition in the sequence of the musical phrase rather than in the sequence of a metronome. The primary Imagist objective is to avoid rhetoric and moralizing， to stick closely to the object or experience being described， and to move from explicit generalization. The leading poets are Ezra Pound， Wallace Stevens， D.H.Lawrence， etc. Pound's famous one-image poem "In a Station of the Metro" would serve as a typical example of the Imagist ideas. （2） His use of myth and personae： Pound argued that the poet cannot relate a delightful psychic experience by speaking out directly in the first person： he must "screen himself" and speak indirectly through as impersonal and objective story， which is usually a myth or a piece of the earlier literature， or a "mask，" that is a persona. In this way， Pound could sustain a dialogue between past and present succesfully. （persona： It is an invented person； a character in drama or fiction. Persona， a Latin word meaning "mask ，" is used in Jungian psychology to refer to one's "public personality"-the facade or mask presented to the world but not representative of inner feelings and emotions. In literary criticism， persona is sometimes used to refer to a person figuring in， for example， a poem， someone who may or may not represent the author himself. ） （3） His language： His lines are usually oblique yet marvelously compressed. His poetry is dense with personal， literary， and historical allusions， but at the expense of syntax and summary statements. 四。应用：Selected Readings： 1. In a Station of the Metro （1） Theme： This poem is an observation of the poet of the human faces seen in a Paris subway station or a description of a moment of sudden emotion at seeing beautiful faces in a Metro in Paris. He sees the faces， turned variously toward light and darkness， like flower petals which are half absorbed by， half resisting， the wet， dark texture of a bough. （2） The one image in this poem： This poem is probably the most famous of all imagist poems. In two lines it combines a sharp visual image or two juxtoposed images （意象叠加） "Petals on a wet， black bough" with an implied meaning. The faces in the dim light of the Metro suggest both the impersonality and haste of city life and the greater transience of human life itself. The word "apparition" is a well-chosen one which has a two-fold meaning： Firstly， it means a visible appearance of something real. Secondly， it builds an image of a ghostly sight， a delusive and unexpected appearance. （3） Pound uses the fewest possible words to convey an accurate image， which is the principle of the Imagist poetry. This poem looks to be a modern adoption of the haiku form of Japanese poetry which adapts the 3-line， 17 syllable and where the title is an intergral part of the whole. The poem succeeds largely because of its internal rhymes： station/apparition； Metro/petals/wet； crowd/bough. Its form was determined by the experience that inspired it， involving organically rather than being chosen arbitrarily. 2. The River-Merchant's Wife： A Letter （1） Theme： It is an adaptation from the Chinese Li Po （701-762） named Rihaku in Japanese， which， by means of vivid images and shifting tones， describes the silky shy tenderness of the young wife writing to her absent husband the river-merchant. The history of her feelings for her husband develops as the following： her bashfulness when she was a young girl， her spiritual affinity with him during the phase of their marriage， the material nature of her love at the time of his departure as well as her longing for his return when she grows old. （2） use of images and allusion： In this poem Pound uses images such as "hair" "grown moss" "falling leaves" to suggest the passing years and growing age. Besides， Pound employs an allusion to "a story of a woman waiting for her husband on a hill." In Pound's version， the line emphasizes the otherworldly nature of her love during her marriage. 3. A Pact This poem is about Pound's evaluation on Whitman. Pound started to find some agreement between "Whitmanesque" free verse， which he had attacked for its carelessness in composition， and the "verse libre" of the Imagists who showed more concern for formal values. In the poem Pound affirmed Whitman's contribution in the experiment on the form and content of American poetry and expressed his eagerness to communicate with Whitman…… Ⅱ。 Robert Lee Frost （l874-l963） 一。 一般识记 His life and writing： Frost is an important poet in the 20th century .He won the Pulitzer Prize four times and read poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. He spent his early childhood in the Far West and later the family moved to New Hampshire. He went to Harvard but left in the middle because of his tuberculosis. When he was 28， he began to venture on writing. 二。 识记 His major works： His first book A Boy's Will （1913）， whose lyrics trace a boy's development from self-centered idealism to maturity， is marked by an intense but restrained emotion and the characteristic flavor of New Eng1and life. His second book， a volume of poems North of Boston （1914）， is described by the author as "a book of people，" which shows a brilliant insight into New England character and the background that formed it. Many of his major poems are collected in this volume， such as "Mending the Wall，" in which Frost saw man as learning from nature the zones of his own 1imitations， and "Home Buria1，" which probes the darker corners of individual lives in a situation where man cannot accept the facts of his condition. Mountain Interval （19l6） contains such characteristic poems as "The Road Not Taken，" "Birches". New Hampshire （1923） that won Frost the first of four Pulitzer Prizes includes "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"， which stems from the ambiguity of the speaker's choice between safety and the unknown. The collection West-Running Brook （1928） poses disturbing uncertainties about man's prowess and importance. Collected Poems （l930） and A Further Range （1935） gathered Frost's second and third Pulitzer Prizes. Both translate modern upheaval into poetic materia1 the poet could skillfully control. Frost's fourth Pulitzer Prize was awarded for A Witness Tree （l942） which includes "The Gift Outright，" the poem he later recited at President Kennedy's inauguration. Frost took up a religious question most notably in "After Apple-Picking：" can a man's best efforts ever satisfy God？ A Masque of Reason （l945） and A Masque of Mercy （1947） are comic-serious dramatic narratives， in both of which biblical characters in modern settings discuss ethics and man's re1ations to God. 三。 领会 1. His thematic concerns： （1） Generally Frost is considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in New England. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature， as well as its beauty， and the 1oneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully， which he practiced himself throughout his life. （2） Frost wrote many poems that investigate the basic themes of man's life： the individual's relationships to himself， to his fellow-man， to world， and to his God. Profound meanings are hidden underneath the plain language and simple form. His poetry， by using nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol， often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe when men stand alone， unaided and perplexed. 2. His nature poems： Robert Frost is mainly known for his poems concerning New England life. He learned from the tradition， especially the familiar conventions of nature poetry and of classical pastoral poetry， and made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. A poem so conceived thus becomes a symbo1 or metaphor， a careful， loving exploration of reality， in Frost's version， "a momentary stay against confusion." Many of his poems are fragrant with natural quality. Images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from the rural world， the simple country 1ife and the pastoral 1andscape. However， profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the p1ain language and the simple form， for what Frost did is to take symbols from the limited human world and the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature， as well as its beauty， and the 1oneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully， which he practiced himself throughout his life. 3. Frost's style in language： By using simple spoken language and conversational rhythms， Frost achieved an effortless grace in his style. He combined traditiona1 verse forms —— the sonnet， rhyming coup1ets， blank verse with a clear American local speech rhythm， the speech of New England farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax. In verse form he was assorted； he wrote in both the metrical forms and the free verse， and sometimes he wrote in a form that borrows freely from the merits of both， in a form that might be called semi-free or semi-conventional. 四。 应用 Selected Readings： l. After Apple-Picking This poem is so vivid a memory of experience on the farm in which the end of labor leaves the speaker with a sense of completion and fulfilment yet finds him blocked from success by winter's approach and physical weariness. On the one hand， Frost expressed his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully. On the other hand， the poet was concerned with individual's relationships to himself， to his fellow-man， to world， and to his God. He took up a religious question： can a man's best efforts ever satisfy God？ Besides this is a typical lyric poem describing the pastoral landscape in New England. Symbols and images from the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. The language of this poem is characterized by simple spoken language and conversational rhythms， the combination of traditiona1 verse forms —— the sonnet， rhyming coup1ets， blank verse with the speech of New England farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax. Frost wrote in both the metrical forms and the free verse， in a form that might be called semi-free or semi-conventional. 2. The Road Not Taken （1） The theme： This poem seems to be about the poet， walking in the woods in autumn， hesitating for a long time and wondering which road he should take since they are both pretty. In reality， this is a meditative poem symbolically written. It concerns the important decisions which one must take in the course of life， when one must give up one desirable thing in order to possess another. Then， whatever the outcome， one must accept the consequences of one's choice for it is not possible to go back and have another chance to choose differently. In the poem， he followed the one which was not frequently travelled by. Symbolically， he chose to follow an unusual， solitary life； perhaps he was speaking of his choice to become a poet rather than some common profession. But he always remembered the road which he might have taken， and which would have given him a different kind of life. （2） Language： This poem is written in classic five-line stanzas， with the rhyme scheme a-b-a-a-b and conversational rhythm. The poet uses "the road " to symbolize life's journey. 3. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening （1） The theme： This is a deceptively simple poem in which the speaker literally stops his horse in the winter twilight to observe the beauty of the forest scene， and then is moved to continue his journey. Philosophically and symbolically， it stems from the ambiguity of the speaker's choice between safety and the unknown. （2） This poem suggests deep thought about death and about life. The strange attraction of death to man is symbolized by the dark woods silently filled up with the coldness of snow. Frost frequently uses the technique of symbolism in his poetry. Some critics think that the "village" stands for the human world， "woods" for nature， "horse" for the animal world， and "promises" for obligations. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life， an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaotic existence of modern man. （3） The last stanza shows a kind of sad， sentimental but also strong and responsible feeling. The attraction of the beauty of the nature makes the speaker stop in the journey. He finally turns away from it， with a certain weariness and yet with quiet determination， to face the needs of life. This stresses the central conflict of the poem between man's enjoyment of nature's beauty and his responsibility in society. This shows a man's despairing courage to seek out the meaning of life. In the last stanza， the three adjectives "lovely" "dark" "deep" reinforce one another. Not only do they represent beauty and terror of nature symbolized by the dark woods， but they also reveal the speaker's love for nature and human isolation from it. Besides， the word "sleep" here means "die" symbolically.
我也是学自考的，专业是英语，不过已经毕业了。在上学时英美文学的确是很让人感到头疼的一个学科，不过山在高也会有人去翻越的。其实学英美文学主要是记住选文前面有关作者和文章的相关介绍。再一个就是要对主要的选文仔细的阅读，特别是几个大家，例如莎士比亚了，他的每个选文都非常重要，一定要好好看。还有就是作品和作者要对上。我们考得时候就有作者和作品的匹配题。最后说说我自己总结出来的一个小方法吧。通常是要对一个时期的文学大家自己列一个表，要自己不看书的写出来，要英国和美国的一起写。因为美国的部分开始的比较晚，就可以先弄英国的。自己列好作家之后就针对每个作家写出他们的作品。然后自己想想作品的主要内容。并针对这一时期的文化背景提炼出一些主要的东西来。我当时就用的这种方法，尤其是在临考试前的一个月，这种方法比较有效。英美文学是一个非常好的学科，虽然学的时候很难，但能受益终生。希望你能顺利通过！这门课基本上没有捷径可走，必须都看一遍，切记，一定要看原文，译文只做参考。生平可以不用看的太详细，但是作品一定要记得滚瓜烂熟，就像初中学历史的时候背的作家和作品一样。英国部分占60分，美国部分占40分，可以按照这个比例去看书。再就是课本最后的教学大纲，按照那个可以帮助你捋顺。再就是做历年真题，一定是真题，出题一般都是从题库里找，有时好多题可以连续出好几年。英美文学一定要稳扎稳打，除非是对文学本来就有些研究的同学，可能看起来会顺一点。每个作家的风格一定要信手拈来，最后的大题考的就是这些。还有课本上的所有节选一定要知道这是谁的作品，以及这些作品的相关的东西。选择看着眼熟的一般就对了，前提是你得的确看着眼熟。我觉得最重要的就是看课本，一定不能把译文作为主要的来看，因为出题全是英语。最后希望你能顺利过关。 自考“英美文学选读”课程介绍课程性质与学习目的英美文学选读课是全国高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业本科段的必修课程，是为培养和检验自学应考者英美文学的基本理论知识和理解、鉴赏英美文学原著的能力而设置的一门专业理论课程。设置本课程旨在使英语自学者对英美两国文学形成与发展的全貌有一个大概的了解；并通过阅读具有代表性的英美文学作品，理解作品的内容，学会分析作品的艺术特色并努力掌握正确评价文学作品的标准和方法。由于本课程以作家作品为重点，因此考生需仔细阅读原作。通过阅读，努力提高语言水平，增强对英美文学原著的理解，特别是对作品中表现的社会生活和人物思想感情的理解，提高他们阅读文学作品的能力和鉴赏水平。根据本课程考试的大纲，凡要求“识记”的内容，所涉及的知识和理论都与考核点直接相关，考生应熟知其概念和有关知识，理解其原理，并能在语言环境中予以辨认。凡要求“领会”的内容，必须做到掌握有关知识和理论。凡要求“应用”的内容，必须做到在掌握有关知识和理论的基础上使之转换为能力，即能用有关知识和理论来分析解决英美文学中的相关问题，并指导作品的阅读。凡要求“一般识记”的内容，所涉及的知识和理论，一般不直接作为考核时命题的内容，但由于这些内容对于其他相关知识和理论以及作品阅读能力的考核有直接或间接的影响，因此要求考生在自学过程对这些内容也要有所了解自考名师总结：怎样准备英美文学选读 2009年04月09日 19:21 新东方新东方实用英语学院自考部 黄培辰英美文学选读这门课程学习比较困难，要记忆和理解的知识很多，学好这门课的关键是要注重以下几个问题。首先，要注意细节。文学新颁布了考试大纲，明确规定了考核目标。凡是考核目标范围内的作家，一定要仔细阅读，直到能说出以下几个内容才能继续向后复习：1)他的主要作品是什么？2)他的写作主题是什么？3)他的写作风格是什么？4)他是不是这个时代的代表性作家，如果是，那么出大答题的可能性存在不存在？如果这几个问题都能很明确地说出来了，那么考试通过的日子就不远了。其次，复习一定要有章法。有些同学对细节归纳不够，另外一些同学细节背得还可以，但语言表述能力不行。前一种同学，前面的四十分选择题做的就不理想，后面还有节选题，就更不好办了。后一种同学记得住细节，但是拼写语法错误多，看出来是什么作家了，就是写不对，这么丢分十分遗憾。对于这样的同学，我觉得规定每周看书的进度十分重要，比如4月1日到4月3日，准备复习英国文艺复兴部分，你可以每天上午先把书上的细节看一遍，对内容有一个大致的了解。下午的时候专门背大答题，细节也顾到了，大答题的表述内容记清了，进度控制住了，效率自然就提高了。还有就是一定要读作家评述后面的节选。有的考生只读关于作家和文学流派的介绍，不读教材中节选的引文，这样做是很危险的。试卷中有从教材里选出引文，要求考生回答作家的名字，作品的题目和对引文的理解。其实这些考生不是不想读后面的引文，而是没有学会阅读的方法。要想读懂后面的选文，关键是了解文学课本的写作特点。你得先弄清楚作家的创作主题和思想(这一部分通常是写在作家评述部分中)然后顺着创作主题到选文中寻找和这些创作思想相符的句子(选文登在后面，和创作主体部分经常是脱节的)这样做才能既少看，还不遗漏内容。比如惠特曼的诗歌，自我之歌的主题是“歌颂个人主义，自由和平等”，用第一人称手法把诗人的思想和大众的思想联系起来，歌颂一个自由的美国。而书后节选中的song of myself中的第一诗节就体现了这种主题： I celebrate myself and I sing myself。(这句话说的是自由和个人主义)，Every atom belonging to me as good belong to you。(这句话说得的诗人希望把自己的思想和大众的思想进行联系)，很显然，每一个美国人都把歌颂自己变成一个座右铭，一个人人歌颂自由的国度也就必然是一个歌颂自由的国度。总之，一定要前后联系的看节选，先找到主题，再读节选。最后就是大答题不能死记硬背，得想点办法，加快记忆效率。比如背雪莱的西风颂，那么一大段怎么背呀？最简单的办法就是先把中文的大意背下来，再抓住关键字，回想英语的内容是什么。你可以这么背：“西风是雪莱的形象(image)，西风是建设和摧毁的力量(constructive and destructive potential)，西风是无处不在的力量(universality)，用自然神祈祷希望和复生(primitive deity for hope and rebirth)”抓住了关键字，内容不就明确了吗？还有就是要找到作家之间，英美之间的一些相似性，这样对背诵也很有好处。比如课文中谈到托马斯哈代的自然主义时曾有过“性格即命运，环境即命运”的说法，在美国部分讨论德莱塞德自然主义时也有类似的内容，这个时候就要先背好托马斯哈代部分的内容，只有前面的内容背好了，后面的内容才有可能快速掠过，提高学习效率。类似的情况还出现在：狄更斯的创作主题和肖伯纳的创作主题之间有一些关键字是相似的(都谈到了谴责社会虚伪，不公和腐败)，英国现代文学创作特点和美国文学创作特点(都提到了from public to private, from chronological to psychic, from objective to subjective)。很多来新东方上课的同学其实开始英语水平都不太高，对文学也很头疼。但是找到了记忆方法之后，反而觉得文学很有意思，最后不仅考出了高分，还喜欢上了文学。这就全在学习方法了。总之，不能一句话一句话的“精读”，时间来不及，考试的时候未必记得住。耽误了时间，延迟了效率，得不偿失。 更多信息请访问：新浪自考频道 自考论坛 自考博客圈
我的方法是建立一个树枝结构。复习开始时面对的最大困惑是东西太多，无从下手，而且更糟是前背后忘记，忘得比背得快，简直是没天理，花下去的时间精力似乎打了水漂。当然要让每个作家都能象对Shakespeare一样一听就有个大概印象，没有充足广泛阅读量是无法做到的。既然太深一下子沉不到海底，我索性浮起来从面上抓，我的树枝结构应运而生。可以说书前的目录就是主树杆，每个时期是树枝，每个作家便是树叉，单是这样还是很抽像很难记，加上不同的"色彩形状的叶子"，开始不用很多，节选作品，称号（e.g. the father of ..... or the Poet's Poet），相关术语（Whitman-free verse, Emerson-trascandentalism），正是这些"叶子"使树叉有其独特之处，成为记忆的载体。这样我一下子把英美文学浓缩成二张卡片，在回家上班路上忙里偷闲时看一下，记一下，背一下。嗨，各位，这真得很有效噢，在很短时间内，我可以做出60％的选择题了，并将茫然无序的思路理清。Though my tree is still in winter, "if winter comes, can Spring be far behind?"。这也许可作为根基吧，但其巩固是在这棵树枝繁叶茂的过程中，基础巩固与细节化是相辅相承的。然后我准备了一份小册子，一页一位作家，每页再加上作家主要作品，风格，特点，作品情节，语言，人物描写，功献，第一或最后本作品，最成功作品，最....，通过你不断从课本中汲取，你的树会茁壮成长，并且由重点到细节，从记忆，熟悉，理解整个过程基本附合考纲要求，完美状态是直至差不多等于课本知识的涵盖量（这是共产主义状态，说实在的我没达到，真是革命尚未成功，同志还需努力）。英美文学是综合学科，要通过或考好，是需要日常对英美历史背景熟悉，对大量著作的阅读，研究体会的。死记硬背真的只是应付考试的，原始而无意义手段，而且对来年的考题是没办法应付的噢！以下还有一些小窍门，希望有帮助：1.先复习美国文学，后英国文学；2.美国文学可先从现实主义阶段开始，英国文学可先从维多利亚阶段开始；3.去年考过题还会再考；4.诗中解释较多的话，找那些能反映主题的解释多背背；明年多半是课本没有的解释了，考你的对诗理解程度了，5。对各阶段时期特征多花功夫复习；6.明年的理解题，综合题，比较题必然多，例如：1.二个阶段思想，风格比较，举例说明；2.描述一个阶段思想，风格特点，举例说明；3.比较二个同一，不同阶段诗人，剧作家，小说家，举其作品说明；刁钻复杂的题人人都可猜，我并非想例出一点希奇古怪的题扰乱你们的思路。这次四月考试，我是充满信心拿高分，对每位作家或诗人我都仔细复习到了，但题目仍是出乎我意料之外，我觉得不公平是题型已不是去年直白而水平的出题方式，是一种纵向综合题型。我想提醒明年要参加考试的同学，决不要把每个作家或时期独立复习，如果可能的话，在对每位作家或时期有一定熟悉的程度，作一点纵向的比较，不但能加深理解，对你们明年考试决对有帮助，不，是贡献。坦白的说，这次考试当天上午，我脑海种几次想到应看一下各个时期的异同点，这是我的薄弱环节，但我仍按常理将重点放在几位重要作家写作风格的复习上了。如果明年你是第一次考英美文学，那就别满足于对各位作家的了解，如果明年你又要参加考试，也许猜一点比今年更难的题目，才能应付自如。在英美文学上我真花很大功夫和精力（与其它的十几门课相比），开始时期我确实感到无从下手，复习得很慢很仔细但效率不高。我在这里介绍我的学习方法，只想给以后考试的同学一些提示吧！必竟是我亲身感受和经历的，希望大家能少走一些弯路。在我开始自己的树枝结构的复习方法后，我的学习效率大大提高，那是一种直接，明确，层次分明，直达中心的感觉，我不知谁是否有过同感--课本变薄--确实一种美妙感觉，那天起我便有信心通过英美文学。树枝结构如同将不同时期分成几格抽屉，复习每位作家时就象理衣服一样将它们各就其位，而每格抽屉与其中的衣服都有其共有的独特风格，（eg. English romantic period is an age of poetry, so there are 6 poets introduced here, and natue and freedom are main concerns of theirs)。 这样就不会象一开始，对每件衣服都细细打理，一旦回头发觉身后堆了一地衣服，仍然茫然不知所措。（我曾将英国文学前二个时期来回复习二遍，恼火是进度极慢而能熟记住的东西不多，后然发觉这二个时期是最次要两个阶段。）这也是我为什么建议大家先看维多利亚时期的原因之一，将头脑清醒比较有耐心的阶段留给重点。
习题虽然都有答案，但是都是在自己完全答完题之后对的，在网上是问不到答案的哈不是对着答案抄袭的，那样效果不是很好，多看书
楼主是哪里的呢？各个省的自考教材都不统一呢，只有部分课程是全国统一教材的，这需要咨询当地教育考试院，可能当地教育考试院网站会有自考板块，里面可能有教材的说明。不过，值得一提的是：教材会每隔几年更换新版本的教材，所以千万不要一下子买来全部科目的教材。ps:我也是学英语专业自考的，可以给你列举一下北京市英语自考教材北京市高等教育自学考试课程使用教材查询 您现在查询的是：2008 年考试用书 专业代码：01C0502 专业名称：英语（基础科）（专科） 课程代码 课程名称 教材名称 出版社 版本 作者 00522 英语国家概况 英语国家概况 外语教学与研究出版社 2005年版 余志远 00595 英语阅读（一） 英语阅读(一) 高等教育出版社 2006年版 俞洪亮 00596 英语阅读（二） 英语阅读(二) 高等教育出版社 2005年版 白永权 00597 英语写作基础 英语写作基础 辽宁大学出版社 1999年版 杨俊峰 00794 综合英语（一） 综合英语（一）（上下册） 外语教学与研究出版社 2000年版 徐克容 00795 综合英语（二） 综合英语（二）（上下册） 外语教学与研究出版社 2000年版 徐克容 03706 思想道德修养与法律基础 思想道德修养与法律基础 高等教育出版社 2008年版 刘瑞复 李毅红 03707 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表”重要思想概论 毛泽东思想、邓小平理论和“三个代表‘重要思想概论 北京大学出版社 2008年版 钱淦荣 罗正楷 04729 大学语文 大学语文 华东师范大学出版社 2006年版 徐中玉 陶型传 08683 英语水平考试(一)(笔试) 水平考试(一)自学辅导 中国国际广播或航空工业出版社 2001或2006年版 余志远 08684 英语水平考试(一)(口语) 英语口语自学教程(上、下） 外语教学与研究出版社 1995\96年版 余志远 08685 英语水平考试(一)(听力) 英语听力上、下册 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 何其莘 王 敏 金利民 夏玉和 08686 英语水平考试(二)(笔试) 水平考试(二)自学辅导 航空工业出版社 2006年版 余志远 08687 英语水平考试(二)(听力) 英语听力上、下册 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 何其莘 王 敏 金利民 夏玉和 08688 英语水平考试(二)(口语) 英语口语自学教程(上下) 外语教学与研究出版社 1995/96年版 余志远 10018 计算机应用基础 计算机应用基础 人民邮电出版社 2007年版 赵鸿德 唐小毅 王鲁滨 课程代码 课程名称 教材名称 出版社 版本 作者 北京市高等教育自学考试课程使用教材查询 您现在查询的是：2008 年考试用书 专业代码：01C1502 专业名称：英语（本科） 课程代码 课程名称 教材名称 出版社 版本 作者 00087 英语翻译 英汉翻译教程 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 庄绎传 00600 高级英语 高级英语(上下册) 外语教学与研究出版社 2000年版 王家湘 张中载 00603 英语写作 英语写作 辽宁大学出版社 1999年版 杨俊峰 00604 英美文学选读 英美文学选读 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 张伯香 00795 综合英语（二） 综合英语（二）（上下册） 外语教学与研究出版社 2000年版 徐克容 00831 英语语法 现代英语语法 外语教学与研究出版社 2000年版 李基安 00832 英语词汇学 英语词汇学 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 张维友 00839 第二外语（俄语） 大学俄语简明教程 高等教育出版社 1995年版 张宝铃 钱晓惠 00840 第二外语（日语） 初级日语(第一、二册)\初级日语教与学 北京大学出版社 2006年版\2007年版 赵华敏 00841 第二外语（法语） 简明法语教程(上 下册) 商务印书馆 1990/1年版 孙 辉 00842 第二外语（德语） 新编大学德语(1,2册) 外语教学与研究出版社 2002\03年版 朱建华 03708 中国近现代史纲要 中国近现代史纲要 高等教育出版社 2008年版 李 捷 王顺生 03709 马克思主义基本原理概论 马克思主义基本原理概论 北京大学出版社 2008年版 卫兴华 赵家祥 08686 英语水平考试(二)(笔试) 水平考试(二)自学辅导 航空工业出版社 2006年版 余志远 08687 英语水平考试(二)(听力) 英语听力上、下册 外语教学与研究出版社 1999年版 何其莘 王 敏 金利民 夏玉和 08688 英语水平考试(二)(口语) 英语口语自学教程(上下) 外语教学与研究出版社 1995/96年版 余志远 10017 欧洲文化入门 欧洲文化入门 外语教学与研究出版社 1992年第2版 王佐良 祝珏 李品伟 高厚堃 10064 口译与听力（口译部分） 现代汉译英口译教程 外语教学与研究出版社 2004年版 吴 冰 10065 口译与听力（听力部分） 英语高级听力 外语教学与研究出版社 1992年版 何其莘 王 敏 金利民 俞 涓 课程代码 课程名称 教材名称 出版社 版本 作者
英语专业（外贸英语专方向培养学生具备专业英语知识，具有较强的英语听说读 写译能力，能TL从事英语教学、翻译、熟悉商贸知识及 外事工作技能的复合型英语专业高级人才。 主要课程：听力、口语、英语、阅读、国际贸易、综 合英语、英语写作基础、英语国家概况、教育学、经贸英 语、高级英语、英语口语和听力、英语报刊选读、外贸英 语、英美文学选读、日语、英语翻译、英语写作、外语教 学法、语言与文化、英语词汇学、英语外贸知识、现代语 言学、英语语法等。
ContentsPART ONE:ENGLISH LTERATUREAn Introduction to Old and Medieval English LiteratureChapter1 The Renaissance PeriodI.Edmund SpenserII.Christopher MarloweIII.William ShakespeareIV.Francis BaconV.John DonneVI.John MiltonChapter2 The Neoclassical PeriodI.John BunyanII.Alexander PopeIII.Daniel DefoeIV.Jonathan SwiftV.Henry FieldingVI.Samuel JohnsonVII.Richard Brinsley SheridanVIII.Thomas GrayChapter3 The Romantic PeriodI.William BlakeII.William WordsworthIII.Samuel Taylor ColeridgeIV.George Gordon ByronV.Percy Bysshe ShelleyVI.John KeatsVII.Jane AustenChapter4 The Victorian PeriodI.Charles DickensII.The Bronte SistersIII.Alfred TennysonIV.Robert BrowingV.George EliotVI.Thomas HardyChapter5 The Modern PeriodI.Geoge Bernard ShawII.John GalsworthyIII.William Butler YeatsIV.T.S.EliotV.D.H.LawrenceVI.James JoycePart Two:American LiteratureChapter1 The Romantic PeriodI.Washington IrvingII.Ralph Waldo EmersonIII.Nathaniel HawthorneIV.Walt WhitemanV.Herman MelvilleChapter2 The Realistic PeriodI.Mark TwainII.Henry JamesIII.Emily DickinsonIV.Theodore DreiserChapter3 The Modern PeriodI.Ezra PoundII.Robert Lee FrostIII.Eugene O'NeillIV.F.Scott FitzgeraldV.Ernest HemingwayVI.William Faulkner（课程附英美文学选读自学考试大纲）《英美文学选读》“Selected Readings In English And American Literatures”主编：张伯香 组编：全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会副主编：马建君胡晓红外语教学与研究出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press来源： 《英美文学选读》主编：张伯香 组编：全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会副主编：马建君胡晓红外语教学与研究出版社Foreign Language Teaching and Research Press