41．“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:” Questions: A．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B．Name the figure of speech employed in the poem. C．What is the theme of the poem? 42．“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? —You think wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you…—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal—as we are!” Questions: A．Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken. B．To whom is the speaker speaking? C．What does the quoted part imply about the speaker? 43．“The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.” Questions: A．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B．What does the word “sleep” mean? C．What idea do the four lines express? 44．“I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.” (from Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”) Questions: A．Whom does “myself” refer to? B．How do you understand the line “I loafe and invite my soul”? C．What does “a spear of summer grass” indicate?该文章转载自无忧考网：
《英美文学选读》期末考试A卷姓名： 专业： 学号： 学习中心：? 成绩： Answer the following questions in a brief, clear way. You can use the textbooks for reference (20 points for each question)The famous saying "to be, or not to be" is said by whom? How to understand this famous saying? What does the image “lamb” stand for in William Blake's poem "The Lamb"? How does Jane Austen reveal the natures of the characters in Pride and Prejudice? Please make some examples. Who is the author of The Cask of Amotillado? In the story, what is the time and where is the place the narrator choose for revenge? Why? Who is the author of The Celebrated Jumping Frog of Calaveras Country? What are the writing techniques adopted in the story?福师2022年2月课程考试《英美文学选读》作业考核满分 (出处: 无忧答案网)
怎么考是什么意思?具体些!
The discussion about the fate of Tess in Tess of the D’UrbervillesTess of the D’Urbervilles is Thomas hardy’s representative work, as a transitional writer, his work reflect the profound changes about the social economic, politic, moral, customs and the tragic fate about the people(especially the fate of women)which caused by the capitalism intrudes England rural towns, it reveals the hypocrisy of bourgeoisie moral, legal and religion.Tess of the D’Urbervilles concentrate on the ‘character and environment. The heroine Tess while clever beauty, diligent and kind, but as a victim of she finally was on the gallows. So what's the reasons? Here we analyze her tragic fate from the following 3 aspects:�Firstly, the tragic fate of Tess first comes from the capitalist society. In the furious conflict between individual and environment, Tess's fate is inevitably miserable. Tess lived in the Victorian period as British capitalism intrude england rural countries. Though she is diligent and kind, clever beautiful girl, but as a laborer, a powerless of agricultural workers without money and social status, naturally will be affected by the capitalist society of oppression and reproach. With the capitalist invasion, those who own a small piece of land and production material of peasants are forced to, then go bankrupt. Visible, Tess's tragic fate and her economic poverty are closely linked. This is one the social reason.Secondly, Unjust laws system is also a factor in Tess tragedy. In capitalist society, the legal system are protect the exploiting class profits while oppress powerless workers. From the story, we knew that Alec is a domineering, do evil young guy, he was protected by the injustice law while the beautiful and diligent Tess was killed, it shows the underclass counteractions people in society is impossible to get treated fairly. Thirdly, Tess's destruction is closed linked with the hypocrisy of religion .Alec's characters, revealed the hypocrisy of religion. He is on the business, is a bourgeois upstarts and carnal "person". He set a trap to seduce a Tess, but using the biblical allusions to blame them. Later he was turned into a good cleric. Who advised Visible, in capitalist society, religion is the reactionary ruling class anesthesia, cheating, and a fool of working people. Marx once said: "with artificial Christian." Religion is bourgeois reproach and defiled women provided theoretical basis.Fourthly, Tess is also a victim of the bourgeoisie hypocritical moral. From the story, Angel is the representative of bourgeoisie hypocritical moral, though he is a liberal thought of intellectuals, but he has a deep psychological ingrained in traditional ethics and morality. his own dissolute behavior was forgaved by Tess, but he did not forgive Tess on the situation the fault is not Tess, but Alec. He has not a little sympathy on tess, which force tess came back to Alec. Fifthly , tess’s tragic is also related by her own personality.Tess is a brand-new woman created by hardy, she has dual personality. On the one hand, she dares to against the hypocrisy of traditional moral and religious, On the other hand, cannot completely get rid of the traditional ethics of their own. Because Tess was born in a peasant family, remaining some of the old farmer on moral and destiny view that she appeared when traditional moral against the weak side. when she treated with the secular public opinion, she also think herself is guilty. Tess, as a certain historical period of the individual, must be particular historical period of social consciousness and moral concepts, she thought and action are bound by age and social consciousness.From above all, the tragedy of Tess have social reason also have her own personality reason, but all these reasons are directly linked with the bourgeoisie society, it’s the kinds of reflects of the society. Her destroy is inevitably in the bourgeoisie society.FINISHED!
The major writers of the Modern Period Ⅰ。Ezra Pound （1885-1972） 一。 一般识记 Ezra Pound's contribution to American literature： Pound was one of the most important poets and critics of his time and he was regarded as the father of modern American poetry. He is a leading spokesman of the "Imagist Movement"， which though short-lived， had a tremendous influence on modern poetry. 二。 识记 His major works： Pound composed poems， wrote criticisms and did translations. （1） His poetic works： In 1915 Pound began writing his great work， The Cantos， which spanned from 1917 to 1959 and were collected in The Cantos of Ezra Pound （1986）。 He joined a famous literary salon run by an American woman writer Gertrude Stein， and became involved in the experimentations on poetry. His other poetic works include twelve volumes of verse Collected Early Poems of Ezra Pound （1982）， and Personae （1909）， and some longer pieces such as Hugh Selwyn Mauberley （1920）。 （2） His critical essays： Make It New （l934）， Literary Essays （l954）， The ABC of Reading （1934） and Polite Essays （l937）， etc. These essays best reflect Pound's appraisals of literary traditions and of modern writing. （3） His translations： The Translations of Ezra Pound （1953）， Confucius （1969）， and Shih-Ching （1954） These translations have not only cast light on Pound's affinity to the Chinese and his strenuous effort in the study of Oriental literature， but also offered us a clue to the understanding of his poetry and literary theory. From the analysis of the Chinese ideogram Pound learned to anchor his poetic language in concrete， perceptual reality， and to organize images into larger patterns through juxtoposition. 三。 领会 1. Ezra Pound's poetic subjects or themes： （1） His earlier poetry is saturated with the familiar poetic subjects that characterize the 19th century Romanticism： songs in praise of a lady， songs concerning the poet's craft， love and friendship， death， the transience of beauty and the permanence of art， and some other subjects that Pound could call his own： the pain of exile， metamorphosis， the delightful psychic experience， the ecstatic moment， etc. （2） Later he is more concerned about the problems of the modern culture： the contemporary cultural decay and the possible sources of cultural renewal as well. In The Cantos， Pound traces the rise and fall of eastern and western empires， the moral and social chaos of the modern world， especially the corruption of America after the heroic time of Jefferson. From the perception of these things， stems the poet's search for order， which involves a search for the principles on which the poet's craft is based. 2. His artistic achievment： （1） He is the leader of the Imagist Movement： Led by the American poet Ezra Pound， Imagist Movement is a poetic movement that flourished in the U.S. and England between 1909-1917. It advances modernism in arts which concentrated on reforming the medium of poetry as opposed to Romanticism， especially Tennyson's wordiness and high-flown language in poetry. Pound endorsed three main principles as guidelines for Imagism， including direct treatment of poetic subjects， elimination of merely ornamental or superfluous words， and rhythmical composition in the sequence of the musical phrase rather than in the sequence of a metronome. The primary Imagist objective is to avoid rhetoric and moralizing， to stick closely to the object or experience being described， and to move from explicit generalization. The leading poets are Ezra Pound， Wallace Stevens， D.H.Lawrence， etc. Pound's famous one-image poem "In a Station of the Metro" would serve as a typical example of the Imagist ideas. （2） His use of myth and personae： Pound argued that the poet cannot relate a delightful psychic experience by speaking out directly in the first person： he must "screen himself" and speak indirectly through as impersonal and objective story， which is usually a myth or a piece of the earlier literature， or a "mask，" that is a persona. In this way， Pound could sustain a dialogue between past and present succesfully. （persona： It is an invented person； a character in drama or fiction. Persona， a Latin word meaning "mask ，" is used in Jungian psychology to refer to one's "public personality"-the facade or mask presented to the world but not representative of inner feelings and emotions. In literary criticism， persona is sometimes used to refer to a person figuring in， for example， a poem， someone who may or may not represent the author himself. ） （3） His language： His lines are usually oblique yet marvelously compressed. His poetry is dense with personal， literary， and historical allusions， but at the expense of syntax and summary statements. 四。应用：Selected Readings： 1. In a Station of the Metro （1） Theme： This poem is an observation of the poet of the human faces seen in a Paris subway station or a description of a moment of sudden emotion at seeing beautiful faces in a Metro in Paris. He sees the faces， turned variously toward light and darkness， like flower petals which are half absorbed by， half resisting， the wet， dark texture of a bough. （2） The one image in this poem： This poem is probably the most famous of all imagist poems. In two lines it combines a sharp visual image or two juxtoposed images （意象叠加） "Petals on a wet， black bough" with an implied meaning. The faces in the dim light of the Metro suggest both the impersonality and haste of city life and the greater transience of human life itself. The word "apparition" is a well-chosen one which has a two-fold meaning： Firstly， it means a visible appearance of something real. Secondly， it builds an image of a ghostly sight， a delusive and unexpected appearance. （3） Pound uses the fewest possible words to convey an accurate image， which is the principle of the Imagist poetry. This poem looks to be a modern adoption of the haiku form of Japanese poetry which adapts the 3-line， 17 syllable and where the title is an intergral part of the whole. The poem succeeds largely because of its internal rhymes： station/apparition； Metro/petals/wet； crowd/bough. Its form was determined by the experience that inspired it， involving organically rather than being chosen arbitrarily. 2. The River-Merchant's Wife： A Letter （1） Theme： It is an adaptation from the Chinese Li Po （701-762） named Rihaku in Japanese， which， by means of vivid images and shifting tones， describes the silky shy tenderness of the young wife writing to her absent husband the river-merchant. The history of her feelings for her husband develops as the following： her bashfulness when she was a young girl， her spiritual affinity with him during the phase of their marriage， the material nature of her love at the time of his departure as well as her longing for his return when she grows old. （2） use of images and allusion： In this poem Pound uses images such as "hair" "grown moss" "falling leaves" to suggest the passing years and growing age. Besides， Pound employs an allusion to "a story of a woman waiting for her husband on a hill." In Pound's version， the line emphasizes the otherworldly nature of her love during her marriage. 3. A Pact This poem is about Pound's evaluation on Whitman. Pound started to find some agreement between "Whitmanesque" free verse， which he had attacked for its carelessness in composition， and the "verse libre" of the Imagists who showed more concern for formal values. In the poem Pound affirmed Whitman's contribution in the experiment on the form and content of American poetry and expressed his eagerness to communicate with Whitman…… Ⅱ。 Robert Lee Frost （l874-l963） 一。 一般识记 His life and writing： Frost is an important poet in the 20th century .He won the Pulitzer Prize four times and read poetry at the inauguration of President John F. Kennedy in 1961. He spent his early childhood in the Far West and later the family moved to New Hampshire. He went to Harvard but left in the middle because of his tuberculosis. When he was 28， he began to venture on writing. 二。 识记 His major works： His first book A Boy's Will （1913）， whose lyrics trace a boy's development from self-centered idealism to maturity， is marked by an intense but restrained emotion and the characteristic flavor of New Eng1and life. His second book， a volume of poems North of Boston （1914）， is described by the author as "a book of people，" which shows a brilliant insight into New England character and the background that formed it. Many of his major poems are collected in this volume， such as "Mending the Wall，" in which Frost saw man as learning from nature the zones of his own 1imitations， and "Home Buria1，" which probes the darker corners of individual lives in a situation where man cannot accept the facts of his condition. Mountain Interval （19l6） contains such characteristic poems as "The Road Not Taken，" "Birches". New Hampshire （1923） that won Frost the first of four Pulitzer Prizes includes "Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening"， which stems from the ambiguity of the speaker's choice between safety and the unknown. The collection West-Running Brook （1928） poses disturbing uncertainties about man's prowess and importance. Collected Poems （l930） and A Further Range （1935） gathered Frost's second and third Pulitzer Prizes. Both translate modern upheaval into poetic materia1 the poet could skillfully control. Frost's fourth Pulitzer Prize was awarded for A Witness Tree （l942） which includes "The Gift Outright，" the poem he later recited at President Kennedy's inauguration. Frost took up a religious question most notably in "After Apple-Picking：" can a man's best efforts ever satisfy God？ A Masque of Reason （l945） and A Masque of Mercy （1947） are comic-serious dramatic narratives， in both of which biblical characters in modern settings discuss ethics and man's re1ations to God. 三。 领会 1. His thematic concerns： （1） Generally Frost is considered a regional poet whose subject matters mainly focus on the landscape and people in New England. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature， as well as its beauty， and the 1oneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully， which he practiced himself throughout his life. （2） Frost wrote many poems that investigate the basic themes of man's life： the individual's relationships to himself， to his fellow-man， to world， and to his God. Profound meanings are hidden underneath the plain language and simple form. His poetry， by using nature as a storehouse of analogy and symbol， often probes mysteries of darkness and irrationality in the bleak and chaotic landscapes of an indifferent universe when men stand alone， unaided and perplexed. 2. His nature poems： Robert Frost is mainly known for his poems concerning New England life. He learned from the tradition， especially the familiar conventions of nature poetry and of classical pastoral poetry， and made the colloquial New England speech into a poetic expression. A poem so conceived thus becomes a symbo1 or metaphor， a careful， loving exploration of reality， in Frost's version， "a momentary stay against confusion." Many of his poems are fragrant with natural quality. Images and metaphors in his poems are drawn from the rural world， the simple country 1ife and the pastoral 1andscape. However， profound ideas are delivered under the disguise of the p1ain language and the simple form， for what Frost did is to take symbols from the limited human world and the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. These thematic concerns include the terror and tragedy in nature， as well as its beauty， and the 1oneliness and poverty of the isolated human being. But first and foremost Frost is concerned with his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully， which he practiced himself throughout his life. 3. Frost's style in language： By using simple spoken language and conversational rhythms， Frost achieved an effortless grace in his style. He combined traditiona1 verse forms —— the sonnet， rhyming coup1ets， blank verse with a clear American local speech rhythm， the speech of New England farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax. In verse form he was assorted； he wrote in both the metrical forms and the free verse， and sometimes he wrote in a form that borrows freely from the merits of both， in a form that might be called semi-free or semi-conventional. 四。 应用 Selected Readings： l. After Apple-Picking This poem is so vivid a memory of experience on the farm in which the end of labor leaves the speaker with a sense of completion and fulfilment yet finds him blocked from success by winter's approach and physical weariness. On the one hand， Frost expressed his love of life and his belief in a serenity that only came from working usefully. On the other hand， the poet was concerned with individual's relationships to himself， to his fellow-man， to world， and to his God. He took up a religious question： can a man's best efforts ever satisfy God？ Besides this is a typical lyric poem describing the pastoral landscape in New England. Symbols and images from the pastoral landscape to refer to the great world beyond the rustic scene. The language of this poem is characterized by simple spoken language and conversational rhythms， the combination of traditiona1 verse forms —— the sonnet， rhyming coup1ets， blank verse with the speech of New England farmers with its idiosyncratic diction and syntax. Frost wrote in both the metrical forms and the free verse， in a form that might be called semi-free or semi-conventional. 2. The Road Not Taken （1） The theme： This poem seems to be about the poet， walking in the woods in autumn， hesitating for a long time and wondering which road he should take since they are both pretty. In reality， this is a meditative poem symbolically written. It concerns the important decisions which one must take in the course of life， when one must give up one desirable thing in order to possess another. Then， whatever the outcome， one must accept the consequences of one's choice for it is not possible to go back and have another chance to choose differently. In the poem， he followed the one which was not frequently travelled by. Symbolically， he chose to follow an unusual， solitary life； perhaps he was speaking of his choice to become a poet rather than some common profession. But he always remembered the road which he might have taken， and which would have given him a different kind of life. （2） Language： This poem is written in classic five-line stanzas， with the rhyme scheme a-b-a-a-b and conversational rhythm. The poet uses "the road " to symbolize life's journey. 3. Stopping by Woods on a Snowy Evening （1） The theme： This is a deceptively simple poem in which the speaker literally stops his horse in the winter twilight to observe the beauty of the forest scene， and then is moved to continue his journey. Philosophically and symbolically， it stems from the ambiguity of the speaker's choice between safety and the unknown. （2） This poem suggests deep thought about death and about life. The strange attraction of death to man is symbolized by the dark woods silently filled up with the coldness of snow. Frost frequently uses the technique of symbolism in his poetry. Some critics think that the "village" stands for the human world， "woods" for nature， "horse" for the animal world， and "promises" for obligations. The poem represents a moment of relaxation from the burdensome journey of life， an almost aesthetic enjoyment and appreciation of natural beauty which is wholesome and restorative against the chaotic existence of modern man. （3） The last stanza shows a kind of sad， sentimental but also strong and responsible feeling. The attraction of the beauty of the nature makes the speaker stop in the journey. He finally turns away from it， with a certain weariness and yet with quiet determination， to face the needs of life. This stresses the central conflict of the poem between man's enjoyment of nature's beauty and his responsibility in society. This shows a man's despairing courage to seek out the meaning of life. In the last stanza， the three adjectives "lovely" "dark" "deep" reinforce one another. Not only do they represent beauty and terror of nature symbolized by the dark woods， but they also reveal the speaker's love for nature and human isolation from it. Besides， the word "sleep" here means "die" symbolically.
下篇：美国文学 第一章美国浪漫主义时期 一、美国浪漫主义时期概述 Ⅰ。本章学习目的和要求 通过本章学习，了解19世纪初期至中叶美国文学产生的历史、文化背景；认识该时期文学创作的基本待征、基本主张，及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响；了解该时期主要作家的文学创作生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点： 1.浪漫主义时期美国文学的特点 2.主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义。 3.分析讨论选读作品 Ⅲ。本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1.美国浪漫主义时期概述 （1）“识记”内容：美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 （2）“领会”内容： 美国浪漫主义在文学上的表现 a.欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响 b.美国本土文学的崛起及其待证 （3）“应用”内容：清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 A.华盛顿。欧文 1.一般识记：欧文的生平及创作主涯 2.识记：《纽约外史》《见闻札记》 3.领会：欧文的创作领域、创作思想，及其作品的艺术风格 4.应用：选读《瑞普。凡。温可尔》的主题及其艺术特色 B.拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 1.一般识记：爱默生的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：爱默生的超验主义思想 3.领会： （1）爱默生的散文：《论自然》《论自助》《论美国学者》等 （2）爱默生与梭罗：梭罗的超验主义思想和他的《沃尔登》 4. 应用：《论自然》节选：爱默生的基本哲 学思想及自然观 C.纳撒尼尔。霍桑 1.一般识记：霍桑的生平及创作主涯 2.识记：霍桑的长短篇小说 3.领会： （1）《红字》的主题、心理描写、象征手法和、小说结构 （2）霍桑的清教主义思想及加尔文教条中的“原罪”对霍桑的影响（人性本恶的观点） （3）霍桑对浪漫主义小说的贡献 4.应用：选读《小伙子布朗》的主题结构、象征手法及语言特色 D.华尔特。惠特曼 1.一般识记：惠特曼的生平及其创作生涯 2.识记：惠特曼的民主思想 3.领会： （1）惠特曼的《草叶集》的主创意图、思想感情及诗体形式、语言风格 （2）惠特曼的个人主义 4.应用：选读《草叶集》诗选：“一个孩子的成长”、“涉水的骑兵”、“自己之歌”的主题结构、诗歌的艺术特色、语言风格 E.赫尔曼。麦尔维尔 1.一般识记：麦尔维尔的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：麦尔维尔的早期作品：《玛地》《雷得本》《白外衣》，后期作品《皮埃尔》《的化装表演》《比利伯德》等 3.领会：《白鲸》的 （1）主题：表层及深层意义 （2）小说结构：浪漫主义和现实主义的统一 （3）象征手法和寓言的运用 （4）语言特色 4.应用：选读《白鲸》最后一章的节选：主题思想、人物刻画、象征手法、语言特色 Chapter l The Romantic Period （一）“识记”内容： 1.The origin of Romantic American literature The Romantic Period， one of the most important periods in thehistory of American literature， stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 2.The American Renaissance or New England Renaissance is a period of the great flowering of American literature， from the i830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War. It came of age as an expression of a national spirit. One of the most important influences in the period was that of the Transcendentalists， including Ralph Waldo Emerson， Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. Apart from the Transcendentalists， there emerged during this period great imaginative writers ——Nathaniel Hawthorne， Herman Melville， and Walt Whitman——whose novels and poetry left a permanent imprint on American literature. 3.Its social historical and cultural background The development of the American society nurtured "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically， economically and culturally independent country. Historically， it was the time of westward expansion in America economically， the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation. Politically， democracy and equa1ity became the ideal of the new nation， and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government， the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression， to make known its new experience that other nations did not have： the early Puritan settlement， the confrontation with the Indians， the frontiersmen''''''''s life， and the wild west. Besides， the nation’s literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as we11. Thus， with a strong sense of optimism， a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first ha1f of the 19th century. 4.Major writers of this period There emerged a great host of men of letters during this period， among whom the better-known are poets such as Philip Freneau， William Cullen Bryant， Henry Wordsworth Long Fellow， James Russel Lowell， John Greenleaf Whitter， Edgar Ellen Poe， and， especially， Walt Whitman， whose Leaves Of Grass established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century. The fiction of the American Romantic period is an original and diverse body of work. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the The Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe， from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville， from the psycho1ogical romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis. （二）领会内容 1.The impact of European Romanticism on American Romanticism Foreign literary masters， especially the English counterparts exerted a stimulating impact on the writers of the new world. Born of one common cultural heritage， the American writers shared some common features with the English Romanticists. They revolted against the literary forms and ideas of the period of classicism by developing some relatively new forms of fiction or poetry. （1） They put emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature， which included a liking for the picturesque， the exotic， the sensuous， the sensational， and the supernatural. （2） The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and disp1ayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. （3） The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in America. Writers like Freneau， Bryant， and Cooper showed a great interest in external nature in their respective works. （4） The literary use of the more colorfu1 aspects of the past was also to be found in Irving’s effort to exploit the legends of the Hudson River region， and in Cooper’s long series of historical tales. （5） In short， American Romanticism is， in a certain way， derivative. 2.The unique characteristics of American Romanticism Although greatly influenced by their English counterparts， the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. For examp1e，（1） the American national experience of "pioneering into the west" proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated America''''''''s landscape with its virgin forests， meadows， groves， endless prairies， streams， and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. （2）The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales， in Thoreau''''''''s Walden and， later， in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. （3） With the growth of American national consciousness， American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. （4） Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. （5） Besides， a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne， Melville and a host of lesser writers. （三）应用内容 1. The American Puritanism and its great influence over American moral values， as is shown in American romantic writings. （1） American Puritanism Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. （The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church， who came into existence in the reigns Queen Elizabeth and King James Ⅰ。The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They came to America out of various reasons， but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious， religious people， advocating highly religious and moral principles. As the word itself hints， Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship， and organization of authority.） The American Puritans， like their brothers back in England， were idealists， believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination， original sin and total depravity， and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America， they became more and more practical， as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. Puritans'''''''' lives were extremely disciplined and hard. They drove out of their settlements all those opinions that seemed dangerous to them， and history has criticized their actions. Yet in the persecution of what they considered error， the Puritans were no worse than many other movements in history. As a culture heritage， Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become， to some extent， so much a state of mind， so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere， rather than a set of tenets. （2） One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. Besides， a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne， Melville and a host of lesser writers. 2. New England Transcendentalism New England Transcendentalism is the mot clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period. It was started in the area around Concord， Mass. by a group of intellectual and the literary men of the United States such as Emerson， Henry David Thoreau who were members of an informal club， i. e. the Transcendental Club in New England in the l830s. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold， rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation ， the innate goodness of man， and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. The writings of the transcendentalists prepared the ground of their contemporaries such as Walt Whitman， Herman Melville， and Nathaniel Hawthorne. The main issues involved in the debate were generally philosophical， concerning nature， man and the universe. Basically， Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively， or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech， "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and， therefore， self-re1iant. 3. American Romanticists differed in their understanding of human nature. To the transcendentalists such as Emerson and Thoreau， man is divine in nature and therefore forever perfectible； but to Hawthorne and Melville， everybody is potentially a sinner， and great moral courage is therefore indispensab1e for the improvement of human nature， as is shown in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.
41．“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:” Questions: A．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B．Name the figure of speech employed in the poem. C．What is the theme of the poem? 42．“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? —You think wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you…—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal—as we are!” Questions: A．Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken. B．To whom is the speaker speaking? C．What does the quoted part imply about the speaker? 43．“The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.” Questions: A．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B．What does the word “sleep” mean? C．What idea do the four lines express? 44．“I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.” (from Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”) Questions: A．Whom does “myself” refer to? B．How do you understand the line “I loafe and invite my soul”? C．What does “a spear of summer grass” indicate?该文章转载自无忧考网：
It is a mixture of birth and rebirth. Shelley is concerned with the regeneration of himself spiritually and poetically and of Europe politically. He is appealing to the west wind to effect this regeneration. In the first three stanza, the dynamic force of the west wind is manifested in its power on the land,in the air,and in the sea in different seasons. It is the destroyer and preserver. It will destroy the old world and herald in a new one. In the fourth stanza Shelley wishes that he were a leaf, a cloud, and a wave, so that he could feel the power of the wet wind; but he is aware of his age and his sufferings in his life which have bent him down. Finally, he appeals to the wind, the wind of aspiration and change, to reinvigorate him and to give force and persuasiveness to his poetry.来源于罗经国的《新编英国文学选读》。考虑到本人理解会有偏差，给你一个最佳答案作参考。当然，文学更主要的还是靠自己理解，希望对您有帮助！
找个专业的搞搞吧
这里有4行离开埃得蒙·斯宾塞的精灵Queene:“但是在他的bloudie布雷斯特拉克,那位令人讨厌的deare纪念他垂死的主,他的sweete的缘故,荣耀的徽章,他戴着他死的,因为生活永远的痛。“谁是"死主”讨论在上面的路吗?翻译器翻译的...
But on his brest a bloudie Crosse he bore,然而--他胸前带着一个血十字The deare remembrance(回忆) of his dying Lord,这是他对垂死的主耶稣的珍贵记忆--For whose sweete（sweet） sake that glorious badge he wore,就为了耶稣--他佩带那光荣的徽章--And dead as living ever him adored:虽死犹生--耶稣永受他崇敬--
怎么考是什么意思?具体些!
第一个!!! 你仔细看一下,应该对你有所帮助, 00602 口译与听力 南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0694） 一、考试说明 1．高级听力考试 1）高级听力考试为水平考试，考试方式为考生听录音磁带，同时答题目。答卷分试题和答题纸两部分。考试全长约70分种，其中前60分钟为考生听录音答题时间（具体时值以录音实际长度为准）。录音结束后，考生有10分钟额外的时间把答案誊写到答题卡上。 2）考试题型 高级听力考试共有四个部分（Section）。其中前两部分为客观题，形式为单项选择，即A、B、C、D四项中选一项。后两部分为主观题，形式为书面回答。总分值为50分。 3）题型说明 这一部分 简要新闻理解（14分） 这部分由7段简要新闻(news in brief)级成。主要为国际主要英语媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、MSNBC等的简要新闻报道。每段新闻相应在试题中有两个单项选择题。每段新闻的录音播放两遍，然后考生有30秒时间答题。 第二部分 详细报道理解（10分） 第一部分由两段较长的录音构成。形式不一，一般是国际主要英语媒体的对新闻事件的详细报道（news in detail），也可能是国外广播电视英语节目的节选。每段报道相应在试题中有五个单项选择题。每段报道录音播放两遍，然后考生有一分钟时间答题。 第三部分 详细报道内容摘要（20分） 这一部分由两段较长的录音构成，性质同第二部分相同。针对每一段录音，考试卷面上将给出有关该录音内容的两或三个关键词组，要求考生根据所听内容写出和关键词组相关的信息。录音播放两遍，每一遍后留有一分钟间隙供考生书写答案。 第四部分 听写（6分） 在这一部分考生将听到一篇150-200词的录音。录音的文字印在卷面，上面有六处空白，要求考生把空白处的文字听写出来。每个空的文字量5词左右。录音连续不间断地播放三遍。 2．口译考试 1）口译考试为水平考试。形式考官司面试。从考试的客观公平出发，每位考生必须同时接受至少两位考官司的测评。口译的内容事先录制在磁带上，届时为考生播放，考生做即席口译。 2）考试程序 口译考试分为两部分，汉译英和英译汉。 汉译英部分 汉译英部分分两个阶段进行。 第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句中文30字左右。内容涉及日常生活、外事安排、中国国情、中国文化等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。 第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。 英译汉部分 英译汉部分分两个阶段进行。 第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句英语30词左右。内容涉及日常生活、外国人在华生活、国际事务等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。 第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播至尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。 3）口译总体要求 全部或绝大部分信息被译出，译法准确得当，重点词汇翻译准确，语音地道，语流顺畅，基本上一次完成，允许有少许自然停顿。 三、学习方法 由于客观条件的限制，加上广大自考生不能像在校重建了样有很多时间投入到外语实践这一情况，学好“高级听力与口译”对他们来说有着相当的难度。高级听力和口译要求学习者有很大的语言输入和语言实践，仅仅依靠课本，显然是不够的。课本只是给学生提供了一个学习的框架，真正水平的提高要靠平时的自学。 要想提高听力理解能力，首先钉保证语言素材的大量输入。本科段的高级听力给考生提出了更高的要求，既在实践层次上的要求——听真实材料。考生不能把目光只盯在教科书上，翻来覆去地听课本所配磁带是不会有大长进的。尽管对绝大多数考生来说不存在平时使用英语的环境，但这并不是说就没有办法了。应该说虽然英语在中国的使用从总体来讲还是相当有限，但今天的改革开放和信息社会已经使英语无处不在。世界上主要媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、CCTV-9等的播音节目都可能通过电视或互联网上获得。英语国家的大报如Washington Post、New York Times 等都在互联网上提供新闻广播或录象服务。国内目前有大量的各种英语原声杂志和琳琅满目的英语原版电影的DVD光盘。这些都是练习听力的上好原材料。在练习听的时候，要注意方法，讲求收效。练习听力要保持从材料中索取信息的兴趣和兴奋度，保证定时定量，把握难易度，根据不同的材料性质决定精听和泛听。听时最好有录音原文的文字稿，这样可以对照地学习，搞清楚是什么地方没有听懂，没有听懂的原因，这样才有所积累。才能逐步地提高听力水平。 在口译学习上，考生需要付出的劳动更多。口译是一种复杂的综合的语言技能，它对大多数英语学习者来说是陌生的，有挑战性的。练习口译注意抓住几个方面。一是英语水平的培养。口译几乎可以说是包括全部语言技能在内的一种综合技能。平时口译的机会很少，学习者可以多做一些笔译练习，打下扎实的外语语言基本功。经常注意英汉两种语言在表达法甚至两种文化在思维定势上的差异，逐渐摆脱中式英语，向地道的英语迈进。二是口译工作带有鲜明的时代特点。随着社会的发展，新的语汇和新的表达法不断地涌现，这就要求学习者在平时注意观察和积累。把对同一事件的中英文两种报道对照地学习，不失为一种好办法。三要注意口译工作自身的特点，即译员必须及时地且独立地完成口译。这就意味着掌握好准确性和灵活性的结合。实质性的内容性必须准无误地译出。而一些诗句、成语、俚语、俗语、个人习惯用语等则要灵活处理，译成对方文化易于理解的接受的内容。 四．考试指定教材 高级听力：《英语高级听力》，何其莘等编著，外语教学与研究出版社 口译：基础阶段《高级口译教程》，梅德明编著，上海外语教育出版社 提高阶段：《实用英汉汉英口译教程》，徐海铭 季海宏编著，南京师范大学出版社 第二个!!! 00593和00594 英语听力 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0544） 课程内容及考核目标 一、课程内容 本课程的学习内容主要围绕本课程的指定教材《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2）。全书共36课，每课由三个部分组成。每一课的主要学习内容包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习等三个部分。 二、考核目标 本课程是一门训练听力的单项技能课，其考核目标为；听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活和社会生活的交谈以及难度相当于TOEFL中的Mini-talk等中等难度的听力材料，理解中心大意，抓住主要论点，并能就所给的材料进行问答、复述和讨论。 Ⅲ、有关说明与实施要求 一、关于课程内容和考试目标 以上列出的课程学习内容和考核目标，将作为考生学习和考试命题的主要依据。考生应围绕本课程的指定教材，按要求全面系统地学习和掌握全书每一课的主要学习内容。听力考试是对应试者英语听力技能的综合测试。考生应通过英语听力自学考试教材的学习和训练，完成教材中的练习，循序渐进地提高听力理解能力。考试命题范围将主要围绕教材里的训练技能，如辨音、单句理解、对话理解并回答问题、短文理解、获取住处及回答问题、短文理解及判断正误等。命题应根据考核目标来把握试题的知识能力层次和难易程度，题型从点到线到面，即从词汇、到单句、小对话、较长的对话、短文，从易到难，循序渐进。 二、关于自学教材和学习方法 本课程所指定的教材为《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2），何其莘等编，外语教学与研究出版社。 本课程包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习三个部分。考生学习时应事先熟悉生词表中列出的词汇，并阅读文化背景注释。书中某些课文含有根据上下文推测、记笔记和整理讲座提纲等学习方法训练的内容，还包括对这些练习的示范说明，考生在做这部分练习时应熟悉这些训练的目的和要求。此外，考生应处理好听力课与其他课程的关系。应该知道，除了多听录音、多做练习之外，对语音语调的正确把握、丰富的词汇和语汇、宽阔的文化背景知识面等，对于提高英语听力技能是极其重要的，而这些综合的语言知识和语言技能的学习和掌握，与其他课程（中英语口语、阅读、语法、写作、英语国家概况等）的学习是分不开的。 三、关于考试形式、内容和成绩评定 英语听力考试的形式是笔试。题型均为多项选择类的客观题。考试分五大部分。 第一部分：辨音。（占20％。共10题，每题2分。） 要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个读音类似的单词中找出一个录音句子中含有的单词。录音句子读两遍。 第二部分：单句理解（占20％。共20题，每题1分。） 要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个句子中选出一句意思最为接近的句子。录音句子读两遍。 第三部分：对话理解、回答提问（占20％。共20题，每题1分。） 要求考生听完一男一女的两人小对话后，回答第三人的一句提问，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。对话及提问的录音放两遍。 第四部分：短文理解、回答提问（占20％。共10题，每题2分。） 要求考生听完一篇约200个单词的短文后，回答3－4个问题。问题列在卷面上，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。共三篇短文。短文录音放两遍。 第五部分；短文理解、判断正误（占20％。共10题，每题2分。） 要求考生听完一篇约600个单词的短文后，就短文内容判断10个句子的正误。10个句子均列在卷面上。短文录音放两遍。 整个听力考试约为60分钟。要求考生边听录音、边读试卷，同时在答题卡上做答。采用标准答体卡答卷，机器阅卷。满分为100分，60分为及格。 样题 一、试卷题型举例： STan dARD LISTEING TESTFOR SELF - TAUGHT STUDENTS IN JIANGSU PROVINCE GENERAL DIRECTIONS This is a test of your ability to understan d spoken English. It is divided into five sections. Each section of the test begins with a set of specific directions. Be sure you understan d what you are to do before you begin to work on a section. The tape will tell you when to strat each section an d when to go on to the next section. You must follow the recording all the time an d work quickly but carefully. Do not spend too much time on any one question. If you finish a section early, you may review your answer on that section only. You may not go on to the next section an d you may not go back to a section you have already worked on. You may find that some of the questions are more difficult than others,but you should try to answer every one. Your score will be based only on the number of questions you answer correctly. Therefore, if you are not sure of the answer to a question, make the best gues that you cna. It is to your advantage to answer every question, even if you have to guess the answer. Do no mark your answers in this TEST BOOK. You must mark all your answers on the separate ANSWER SHEET. Be careful to mark only one answer to each question. If you change your mind about an answer after you have marked it on the ANSWER SHEET, clear it completely withan eraser an d then mark your new answer. Section One Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear tensentences. Each sentence will be read twice an d it contains one of the four words given below. You must listen carefully an find out the word you hear in the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％) Here is an example: On the recording,you hear: The boy bit the man on the arm. In your test book you read: (A)beat (B)bit (C)bite (D)beast You learn from the speaker that the word in the sentence is(B),"bit".Therefore,the correct answer is(B).Now,let’s begin with NO.1 1.(A)cha rged (B)trained (C)challenged (D)changed 2.(A)called (B)cold (C)cooked (D)good 3.(A)exhaustion (B)extraction (C)exhibition (D)exhibit ... ... Section Two Directions:For each question in Section Two, you will hear a sentence in the form of a statement or a question. Each sentence will be spoken twice. When ou hear a sentence, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the chlosest interpretation of the statement or the best answer to the question you have heard. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.(20％) 1.(A)The story is very enjoyable. (B)Is tha one of the stories? (C)I wonder which story it is. (D)Is that a wonderful story? 2.(A)The deans’ offices are located jus over the theater. (B)The dean is in the other office. (C)The offices are on the same floor as the theater. (D)The officers are on the stage. 3.(A)Laura had to take the cake upstairs. (B)Laura put on makeup before the exam. (C)Laura must take the test. (D)Laura knows the flag of every nation ... ... Section Three Directions: For each question in Section Three, you will hear a short conversation between two speakers. You will be given a question to answer about each conversation. Each conversation will be read twice. You must listen carefully to understan d what each speaker says. After you hear a conversation, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the best answer to the question. Then,on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％) 1.What does the woman mean? (A)The train will be heavily loaded. (B)The Capitol Building is made of stone. (C)The Capitol building is near the train station. (D)The train had already departed for Washington. 2.What does the man mean? (A)He doesn’t think they are allowed to speak. (B)He doesn’t know what’s happening outside. (C)He is only talking to himself. (D)He thinks it’s too noisy to talk now. 3.What does the man mean? (A)He can read for a long time when he’s interested. (B)He’s also amazed at how much he reads. (C)He reads the same amount as he woman does. (D)He finds it difficult to sit still to read. ... ... Secton Four Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear short talks an d converstations. After each talk or conversation, you will be given some question. Each talk or conversation will be read twice. You must read the questions an d the four possible answers carefully an d choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％) 1.What trouble did the pigeons have? (A)The cobra cheated them. (B)The cobra occupied their home. (C)They blst their valuable necklace. (D)The cobra often ate the pigeons’ young babies. 2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help? (A)A hare. (B)A snake. (C)A queen. (D)Their servant. 3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace? (A)Because it was too heave. (B)Because he wanted to trick the cobra. (C)Because he wanted to please the cobra. (D)Because he wanted the servants to run after him. 4.What is the point of this passage? (A)When you are in trouble, better to go an d ask a clever friend for help. (B)bathing with a necklace left on the shore is foolish. (C)It is better to be clever than strong. (D)It’s foolish to eat young pigeons. ... ... Section Five Directions: This section is designed to measure your comprehension of a passage. You are going to hear the passage twice. It will not be written out for you. Therefore,you must listen carfully in order to understan d the passage completely. After you hear the passage, read each statement in your test book an d decide whether it is TRUE or FALSE according to what you have heard on the tape. Then on your answer sheet, if it is TRUE find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"A";if it is FALSE, find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"B".Now, please get ready to listen to the passage.(20％) 1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area an d experienced hardships of life. 2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in Englan d. 3.Chaplin had the same dream as his parent’s------to be film stars. ... ... THIS IS THE END OF THE LISTENING TEST. 样题录音文字及标准答案： Section One 1.The controller cha rged Amy too much.(A) 2.Mike’s coffee was cold.(B) 3.His art was appreciated by the younger people at the exhibi- tion. (C) Section Two 1.What a wonderful story!(A) 2.On the floor above the theatre are the deans’ offices.(A) 3.Laura has to make up the examination.(C) Section Three 1.M.While I’m in Washington,I want to see the Capitol Building. W.You will. It’s only a stone’s thrown away from the train station. Q.What does the woman mean?(C) 2.W. I’m sorry. What did you say? M. Oh, nothing. I was just thinking out loud. Q. What does the man mean?(C) 3.W. How you can read so much in one sitting is amazing. M. When the subject is interesting enough, it’s easy. Q. What does the man mean?(A) Section Four Once upon a time a pair of pigeons were continually upset by a cobra. Every year the snake crawled into their home to eat the young pigeons before they learned to fly.They asked their clever friend, the hare, what to do. "Do not be disappointed,"he told them,"We cannot stop the cobra by force, as we are not strong enough. We will have to use craft to destroy that cruel beast. Just do what I tell you an d you will be safe." The pigeon then flew off to the river where a queen was bating, guarded by all her servants. He snatched up the most beautiful necklace left on the shore an d flew away just out of reach of the angry servants. Once they were running straight for the cobra’s home he flew quickly ahead an d settled at the window pretenfing not to know what to do. The cobra rushed towards the pigeon at once."Stupid pigeon," he thought. He only just managed to fly away, but dropped this valuable necklace in his haste."What will his wife say? Now I will be the most magnificent cobra in the world." However, no sooner had he put it on than the servants appeared an d killed him to take the expensive thing back. The year the pigeon’s family grew up healthy an d safe. Questions: 1.What trouble did the pigeons have?(D) 2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help?(A) 3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace?(B) 4.What is! the point of this passage?(C) Section Five cha rles Chaplin In 1911, a penniless young man left Englan d for America. His future was uncertain, but he did not believe it could be worse than his past. He had grown up among the poor in London’s East End an d experience great poverty. His mother’s life had been so hard that she had finally gone mad. an d his father died of drink. Both parents had been on the stage an d lived in the hope that they would one day be "stars". Their son dreamed that he could succeed where they had failed. By 1914, his dream had come true. His name, cha rlie, was widely talked about in America. He was admired as the king of silent films. How did he reach the top of the film world an d make a huge success in such a short time? It was not at one single stroke. His early efforts to copy other famous stars at that time were a failure. However, he gradually began to develop the cha racter of a tramp, which is always connected with his name. He often borrowed ideas an d even "stole" most of his clothes from others, but he developed his own way to go with them. He used a black hat to pass secret messages, an d the walking stick allowed him to make fun of his enemies or to punish them from a distance. He got the idea for his famous walk from a London driver who had a wound in his foot. ... ... Questions: 1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area an d experienced hardships of life.(A) 2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in Englan d.(B) 3.Chapin had the same dream as his parent’s---- to be film stars.(A) (执笔：南京师范大学外国语学院 李霞 等)南师大有自考补习班的!你没找找??看有你英语专业的补习班还有你可以咨询一下这方面在师范大学的老师,我也在帮你找,这是能买到高级英语阅读教程的书,你看一下,我也不知道是不是,能不能买到,我再帮你查,查到英美文学选读的资料了,给你个网站你看一下
全部题目用英文作答，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 PART ONE (40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice and write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. All of Charles Dickens’ works, with the exception of _________, present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.A. Bleak House B. Hard TimesC. Great ExpectationsD. A Tale of Two Cities2. From ____________ on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy’s novels, the conflict between the traditional and the moden is brought to the center of the stage.A. The Return of the NativeB. The Mayor of CasterbridgeC. Tess of the D’UrbervillesD. Jude the Obscure3. George Bernard Shaw’s play ____________ shows his almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of World War I and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Getting Married B. Too True to Be GoodC. Widowers’ HousesD. The Apple Cart4. It was only after the publication of ____________ that D.H. Lawrence was recognized as aprominent novelist.A. The Trespasser B. The White PeacockC. Sons and Lovers D. The Rainbow5. T. S. Eliot’s poem ____________ is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream- of -consciousness technique, also a prelude to The Waste Land.A. “Prufrock” B. “Gerontion”C. The Hollow Men D. Lyrical Ballads6. Charlotte Brontё’s ____________ is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions.A. The Professor B. Wuthering HeightsC. Villette D. Jane Eyre7. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four - act poetic drama ____________ , which is an ex- ultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A. Adonais B. Queen MabC. Prometheus Unbound D. Kubla Khan8. Among the Romantic poets ____________ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William Blake B. William WordsworthC. George Gordon Byron D. John Keats9. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is John Milton’s ____________.A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica10. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is____________.A. love and money B. money and social statusC. social status and marriage D. love and marriage11. T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem ____________ has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry.A. The Hollow Men B. The Waste LandC. Murder in the CathedralD. Ash Wednesday12. According to the subjects, William Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups, poems about____________.A. nature and human life B. happiness and childhoodC. symbolism and imagination D. nature and commonlife13. Among the following writers ____________ is considered to be the best -known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar Wilde B. John GalsworthyC. W. B. Yeats D. George Bernard Shaw14. William Blake’s ____________ composed during the climax of the French Revolution playsthe double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.A. The Book of Urizen B. The Book of LosC. Poetical Sketches D. Marriage of Heaven and Hell15. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of ____________ and pathos.A. metaphor B. passionC. satire D. humor16. Daniel Defoe describes ____________ as a typical English middle -class man of the eigh- teenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.A. Robinson Crusoe B. Moll FlandersC. Gulliver D. Tom Jones17. In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ____________ touch in his de- scription of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. nostalgic B. tragicC. romantic D. ironic18. Of all the eighteenth - century novelists ____________ was the first to set out, both in the-ory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.
口译与听力是，有听力部分跟口译部分的，短语，句子，段落的翻译，一般很简单的，听力就是一般的听力吧，日语的话，看书都没问题的，口语应该也简单，我没加考的 这都学校出题的，问问以前考过的吧，有培训的，肯定会给你题 不是吧，英美文学的原版教材是英文，中文是辅导熟吧，英美文学公认为是最难过的《高级英语阅读教程》，《高级英语》是不一样的，后者有两本书，《高级英语阅读教程》应该阅读为主吧，词汇量大一点应该就没问题了
41．“Shall I compare thee to a summer’s day? Thou art more lovely and more temperate: Rough winds do shake the darling buds of May, And summer’s lease hath all too short a date:” Questions: A．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B．Name the figure of speech employed in the poem. C．What is the theme of the poem? 42．“Do you think, because I am poor, obscure, plain, and little, I am soulless and heartless? —You think wrong!… And if God had gifted me with some beauty, and much wealth, I should have made it as hard for you to leave me, as it is now for me to leave you…—it is my spirit that addresses your spirit; just as if both had passed through the grave, and we stood at God’s feet, equal—as we are!” Questions: A．Identify the author and the novel from which the quoted part is taken. B．To whom is the speaker speaking? C．What does the quoted part imply about the speaker? 43．“The woods are lovely, dark and deep, But I have promises to keep, And miles to go before I sleep, And miles to go before I sleep.” Questions: A．Identify the poet and the poem from which the quoted lines are taken. B．What does the word “sleep” mean? C．What idea do the four lines express? 44．“I celebrate myself, and sing myself, And what I assume you shall assume, For every atom belonging to me as good belongs to you. I loafe and invite my soul, I learn and loafe at my ease observing a spear of summer grass.” (from Walt Whitman’s “Song of Myself”) Questions: A．Whom does “myself” refer to? B．How do you understand the line “I loafe and invite my soul”? C．What does “a spear of summer grass” indicate?该文章转载自无忧考网：
下篇：美国文学 第一章美国浪漫主义时期 一、美国浪漫主义时期概述 Ⅰ。本章学习目的和要求 通过本章学习，了解19世纪初期至中叶美国文学产生的历史、文化背景；认识该时期文学创作的基本待征、基本主张，及其对同时代和后期美国文学的影响；了解该时期主要作家的文学创作生涯、创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题思想、人物刻画、语言风格等；同时结合注释，读懂所选作品并了解其思想内容和艺术特色，培养理解和欣赏文学作品的能力。 Ⅱ。本章重点及难点： 1.浪漫主义时期美国文学的特点 2.主要作家的创作思想、艺术特色及其代表作品的主题结构、人物刻画、语言风格、思想意义。 3.分析讨论选读作品 Ⅲ。本章考核知识点和考核要求： 1.美国浪漫主义时期概述 （1）“识记”内容：美国浪漫主义文学产生的社会历史及文化背景 （2）“领会”内容： 美国浪漫主义在文学上的表现 a.欧洲浪漫主义文学的影响 b.美国本土文学的崛起及其待证 （3）“应用”内容：清教主义、超验主义、象征主义、自由诗等名词的解释 2.美国浪漫主义时期的主要作家 A.华盛顿。欧文 1.一般识记：欧文的生平及创作主涯 2.识记：《纽约外史》《见闻札记》 3.领会：欧文的创作领域、创作思想，及其作品的艺术风格 4.应用：选读《瑞普。凡。温可尔》的主题及其艺术特色 B.拉尔夫.华尔多.爱默生 1.一般识记：爱默生的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：爱默生的超验主义思想 3.领会： （1）爱默生的散文：《论自然》《论自助》《论美国学者》等 （2）爱默生与梭罗：梭罗的超验主义思想和他的《沃尔登》 4. 应用：《论自然》节选：爱默生的基本哲 学思想及自然观 C.纳撒尼尔。霍桑 1.一般识记：霍桑的生平及创作主涯 2.识记：霍桑的长短篇小说 3.领会： （1）《红字》的主题、心理描写、象征手法和、小说结构 （2）霍桑的清教主义思想及加尔文教条中的“原罪”对霍桑的影响（人性本恶的观点） （3）霍桑对浪漫主义小说的贡献 4.应用：选读《小伙子布朗》的主题结构、象征手法及语言特色 D.华尔特。惠特曼 1.一般识记：惠特曼的生平及其创作生涯 2.识记：惠特曼的民主思想 3.领会： （1）惠特曼的《草叶集》的主创意图、思想感情及诗体形式、语言风格 （2）惠特曼的个人主义 4.应用：选读《草叶集》诗选：“一个孩子的成长”、“涉水的骑兵”、“自己之歌”的主题结构、诗歌的艺术特色、语言风格 E.赫尔曼。麦尔维尔 1.一般识记：麦尔维尔的生平及创作生涯 2.识记：麦尔维尔的早期作品：《玛地》《雷得本》《白外衣》，后期作品《皮埃尔》《的化装表演》《比利伯德》等 3.领会：《白鲸》的 （1）主题：表层及深层意义 （2）小说结构：浪漫主义和现实主义的统一 （3）象征手法和寓言的运用 （4）语言特色 4.应用：选读《白鲸》最后一章的节选：主题思想、人物刻画、象征手法、语言特色 Chapter l The Romantic Period （一）“识记”内容： 1.The origin of Romantic American literature The Romantic Period， one of the most important periods in thehistory of American literature， stretches from the end of the 18th century to the outbreak of the Civil War. It started with the publication of Washington Irving’s The Sketch Book and ended with Whitman’s Leaves of Grass. 2.The American Renaissance or New England Renaissance is a period of the great flowering of American literature， from the i830s roughly until the end of the American Civil War. It came of age as an expression of a national spirit. One of the most important influences in the period was that of the Transcendentalists， including Ralph Waldo Emerson， Henry David Thoreau. The Transcendentalists contributed to the founding of a new national culture based on native elements. Apart from the Transcendentalists， there emerged during this period great imaginative writers ——Nathaniel Hawthorne， Herman Melville， and Walt Whitman——whose novels and poetry left a permanent imprint on American literature. 3.Its social historical and cultural background The development of the American society nurtured "the literature of a great nation." America was flourishing into a politically， economically and culturally independent country. Historically， it was the time of westward expansion in America economically， the whole nation was experiencing an industrial transformation. Politically， democracy and equa1ity became the ideal of the new nation， and the two-party system came into being. Worthy of mention is the literary and cultural life of the country. With the founding of the American Independent Government， the nation felt an urge to have its own literary expression， to make known its new experience that other nations did not have： the early Puritan settlement， the confrontation with the Indians， the frontiersmen''''''''s life， and the wild west. Besides， the nation’s literary milieu was ready for the Romantic movement as we11. Thus， with a strong sense of optimism， a spectacular outburst of romantic feeling was brought about in the first ha1f of the 19th century. 4.Major writers of this period There emerged a great host of men of letters during this period， among whom the better-known are poets such as Philip Freneau， William Cullen Bryant， Henry Wordsworth Long Fellow， James Russel Lowell， John Greenleaf Whitter， Edgar Ellen Poe， and， especially， Walt Whitman， whose Leaves Of Grass established him as the most popular American poet of the 19th century. The fiction of the American Romantic period is an original and diverse body of work. It ranges from the comic fables of Washington Irving to the The Gothic tales of Edgar Allen Poe， from the frontier adventures of James Fenimore Cooper to the narrative quests of Herman Melville， from the psycho1ogical romances of Nathaniel Hawthorne to the social realism of Rebecca Harding Davis. （二）领会内容 1.The impact of European Romanticism on American Romanticism Foreign literary masters， especially the English counterparts exerted a stimulating impact on the writers of the new world. Born of one common cultural heritage， the American writers shared some common features with the English Romanticists. They revolted against the literary forms and ideas of the period of classicism by developing some relatively new forms of fiction or poetry. （1） They put emphasis upon the imaginative and emotional qualities of literature， which included a liking for the picturesque， the exotic， the sensuous， the sensational， and the supernatural. （2） The Americans also placed an increasing emphasis on the free expression of emotions and disp1ayed an increasing attention to the psychic states of their characters. Heroes and heroines exhibited extremes of sensitivity and excitement. （3） The strong tendency to exalt the individual and the common man was almost a national religion in America. Writers like Freneau， Bryant， and Cooper showed a great interest in external nature in their respective works. （4） The literary use of the more colorfu1 aspects of the past was also to be found in Irving’s effort to exploit the legends of the Hudson River region， and in Cooper’s long series of historical tales. （5） In short， American Romanticism is， in a certain way， derivative. 2.The unique characteristics of American Romanticism Although greatly influenced by their English counterparts， the American romantic writers revealed unique characteristics of their own in their works and they grew on the native lands. For examp1e，（1） the American national experience of "pioneering into the west" proved to be a rich source of material for American writers to draw upon. They celebrated America''''''''s landscape with its virgin forests， meadows， groves， endless prairies， streams， and vast oceans. The wilderness came to function almost as a dramatic character that symbolized moral 1aw. （2）The desire for an escape from society and a return to nature became a permanent convention of American literature. Such a desire is particularly evident in Cooper’s Leather Stocking Tales， in Thoreau''''''''s Walden and， later， in Mark Twain’s Adventures of Huckleberry Finn. （3） With the growth of American national consciousness， American character types speaking local dialects appeared in poetry and fiction with increasing frequency. （4） Then the American Puritanism as a cultural heritage exerted great influences over American moral values and American Romanticism. One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. （5） Besides， a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne， Melville and a host of lesser writers. （三）应用内容 1. The American Puritanism and its great influence over American moral values， as is shown in American romantic writings. （1） American Puritanism Puritanism is the practices and beliefs of the Puritans. （The Puritans were originally members of a division of the Protestant Church， who came into existence in the reigns Queen Elizabeth and King James Ⅰ。The first settlers who became the founding fathers of the American nation were quite a few of them Puritans. They came to America out of various reasons， but it should be remembered that they were a group of serious， religious people， advocating highly religious and moral principles. As the word itself hints， Puritans wanted to purify their religious beliefs and practices. They felt that the Church of England was too close to the Church of Rome in doctrine form of worship， and organization of authority.） The American Puritans， like their brothers back in England， were idealists， believing that the church should be restored to complete "purity". They accepted the doctrine of predestination， original sin and total depravity， and limited atonement through a special infusion of grace from God. But in the grim struggle for survival that followed immediately after their arrival in America， they became more and more practical， as indeed they had to be. Puritans were noted for a spirit of moral and religious earnestness that determinated their whole way of life. Puritans'''''''' lives were extremely disciplined and hard. They drove out of their settlements all those opinions that seemed dangerous to them， and history has criticized their actions. Yet in the persecution of what they considered error， the Puritans were no worse than many other movements in history. As a culture heritage， Puritanism did have a profound influence on the early American mind and American values. American Puritanism also had a conspicuously noticeable and an enduring influence on American literature. It had become， to some extent， so much a state of mind， so much a part of the national cultural atmosphere， rather than a set of tenets. （2） One of the manifestations is the fact that American romantic writers tended more to moralize than their English and European counterparts. Besides， a preoccupation with the Calvinistic view of origina1 sin and the mystery of evil marked the works of Hawthorne， Melville and a host of lesser writers. 2. New England Transcendentalism New England Transcendentalism is the mot clearly defined Romantic literary movement in this period. It was started in the area around Concord， Mass. by a group of intellectual and the literary men of the United States such as Emerson， Henry David Thoreau who were members of an informal club， i. e. the Transcendental Club in New England in the l830s. The transcendentalists reacted against the cold， rigid rationalism of Unitarianism in Boston. They adhered to an idealistic system of thought based on a belief in the essential unity of all creation ， the innate goodness of man， and the supremacy of insight over logic and experience for the revelation of the deepest truths. The writings of the transcendentalists prepared the ground of their contemporaries such as Walt Whitman， Herman Melville， and Nathaniel Hawthorne. The main issues involved in the debate were generally philosophical， concerning nature， man and the universe. Basically， Transcendentalism has been defined philosophical1y as "the recognition in man of the capacity of knowing truth intuitively， or of attaining knowledge transcending the reach of the senses." Emerson once proclaimed in a speech， "Nothing is at last sacred but the integrity of your own mind." Other concepts that accompanied Transcendentalism inc1ude the idea that nature is ennobling and the idea that the individual is divine and， therefore， self-re1iant. 3. American Romanticists differed in their understanding of human nature. To the transcendentalists such as Emerson and Thoreau， man is divine in nature and therefore forever perfectible； but to Hawthorne and Melville， everybody is potentially a sinner， and great moral courage is therefore indispensab1e for the improvement of human nature， as is shown in Hawthorne’s The Scarlet Letter.
全部题目用英文作答，请将答案填在答题纸相应位置上 PART ONE (40 POINTS)I. Multiple Choice(40 points in all, 1 for each)Select from the four choices of each item the one that best answers the question or completes the statement. Mark your choice and write the corresponding letter A, B, C or D on the answer sheet.1. All of Charles Dickens’ works, with the exception of _________, present a criticism of the more complicated and yet most fundamental social institutions and morals of the Victorian England.A. Bleak House B. Hard TimesC. Great ExpectationsD. A Tale of Two Cities2. From ____________ on, the tragic sense becomes the keynote of Thomas Hardy’s novels, the conflict between the traditional and the moden is brought to the center of the stage.A. The Return of the NativeB. The Mayor of CasterbridgeC. Tess of the D’UrbervillesD. Jude the Obscure3. George Bernard Shaw’s play ____________ shows his almost nihilistic bitterness on the subjects of the cruelty and madness of World War I and the aimlessness and disillusion of the young.A. Getting Married B. Too True to Be GoodC. Widowers’ HousesD. The Apple Cart4. It was only after the publication of ____________ that D.H. Lawrence was recognized as aprominent novelist.A. The Trespasser B. The White PeacockC. Sons and Lovers D. The Rainbow5. T. S. Eliot’s poem ____________ is heavily indebted to James Joyce in terms of the stream- of -consciousness technique, also a prelude to The Waste Land.A. “Prufrock” B. “Gerontion”C. The Hollow Men D. Lyrical Ballads6. Charlotte Brontё’s ____________ is noted for its sharp criticism of the existing society, e. g. the religious hypocrisy of charity institutions.A. The Professor B. Wuthering HeightsC. Villette D. Jane Eyre7. Shelley’s greatest achievement is his four - act poetic drama ____________ , which is an ex- ultant work in praise of humankind’s potential.A. Adonais B. Queen MabC. Prometheus Unbound D. Kubla Khan8. Among the Romantic poets ____________ is regarded as a “worshipper of nature”.A. William Blake B. William WordsworthC. George Gordon Byron D. John Keats9. The most perfect example of the verse drama after Greek style in English is John Milton’s ____________.A. Paradise Lost B. Paradise RegainedC. Samson AgonistesD. Areopagitica10. The major theme of Jane Austen’s novels is____________.A. love and money B. money and social statusC. social status and marriage D. love and marriage11. T. S. Eliot’s most important single poem ____________ has been hailed as a landmark and a model of the 20th-century English poetry.A. The Hollow Men B. The Waste LandC. Murder in the CathedralD. Ash Wednesday12. According to the subjects, William Wordsworth’s short poems can be classified into two groups, poems about____________.A. nature and human life B. happiness and childhoodC. symbolism and imagination D. nature and commonlife13. Among the following writers ____________ is considered to be the best -known English dramatist since Shakespeare.A. Oscar Wilde B. John GalsworthyC. W. B. Yeats D. George Bernard Shaw14. William Blake’s ____________ composed during the climax of the French Revolution playsthe double role both as a satire and a revolutionary prophecy.A. The Book of Urizen B. The Book of LosC. Poetical Sketches D. Marriage of Heaven and Hell15. Charles Dickens’ works are characterized by a mingling of ____________ and pathos.A. metaphor B. passionC. satire D. humor16. Daniel Defoe describes ____________ as a typical English middle -class man of the eigh- teenth century, the very prototype of the empire builder, the pioneer colonist.A. Robinson Crusoe B. Moll FlandersC. Gulliver D. Tom Jones17. In Thomas Hardy’s Wessex novels, there is an apparent ____________ touch in his de- scription of the simple and beautiful though primitive rural life.A. nostalgic B. tragicC. romantic D. ironic18. Of all the eighteenth - century novelists ____________ was the first to set out, both in the-ory and practice, to write specially a “comic epic in prose”, the first to give the modern novel its structure and style.