Unit11（第32讲—第34讲） come up with 这个短语我们在前面碰到过，意思是“提供，提出，想出”，在本句中该短语意为“产生，制造出”。 1）We always count on Xian Li to come up with help of one kind or another.（我们总是可以指望小李提供这样或那样的帮助。） 2）He came up with a good idea after 2 hours' of thinking.（经过两个小时的思考，他想出了一个好主意。） 3）The company has come up with a new time-saving device. （这家公司已制造出一种新的省时装置。） get rid of 这个短语已在词汇部分做了讲解，请再看两个例句： 1）It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit （去掉不良习惯不是一件容易的事） 2）I want to get rid of this old bike and buy a new one.（我想卖掉这辆旧自行车，买辆新的。） 3. The Ericssons needn't have worried 表示姓名的专有名词变成复数，前面加定冠词the，指此姓的一家人，或夫妇俩，如： 1） The Blacks were in France when the earthquake happened in their hometown（家乡发生地震时，布莱克一家正在法国。） 2） The wangs were holding a birthday party when the police paid them a visit.（警察来访时，王先生夫妇在举行生日聚会。） “needn't + have + 过去分词”表示在某时之前本无必要做某事，如： 1） We needn't have worried so much about him. He is old enough to take care of himself.（我们本无必要为他如此担心，他是大人了，该会照顾自己了。） 2） You needn't have told him everything about it. It has nothing to do with him.（你本无必要把一切都告诉他，这件事跟他无关。） 3） I needn't have worked so hard if you could give me a little help.（如果你给我一点帮助，我本不用如此辛苦的。） 4. Eager buyers bought all but 50 of the items in one weekend leaving the family $442 richer. all but是一个常用短语，意思是“几乎，差不多；除了……都”，如： 1） Give me one more minute. I have all but finished.（再给我一分钟，我差不多要做完了。） 2） He found all but one exit blocked.（除了一个出口外，其余的出口都被封了。） 3） All the boys but him went camping last weekend.（上周末除了他之外，所有的男孩都出去野营了。） leave在本句中的意思是“使……处于某种状态”，如： 1）Leave the door open.（让门开着吧。） 2）The seven-day strike left the company in great confusion.（为期七天的罢工使公司极其混乱。） 3）The result has left everybody dissatisfied.（结果使每一个人都不满意。） 4）The new policy would leave taxpayers worse off.（新政策使纳税人处境更糟。） 5. Rising living costs are considered by almost everyone as a reason both for holding sales and for attending them 本句中的rising可以看作为形容词，做定词，修饰其后的名词短语， 如：rising prices （上涨的物价），the rising rate of inflation（上升的通货澎胀率）， rising sun（升起的太阳朝阳） consider 是一个常用动词，请看下面的例句，注意consider的用法： 1） They consider themselves to be very lucky. （ 他们认为自己很幸运。Consider to be） 2） They don't consider it as important.（他们认为这个不重要。consider as， 用被动语态则是be considered as ） 3） He is considering moving to a smaller city.（他正在考虑搬到小一点的城市去。Consider doing sth.） 4） I consider that one computer is not enough. （我估计一台电脑不够用。Consider+a clause） 在前一单元我们讲到过，reason后面可以跟for， 也可以跟why，只是在for后面必须用名词或名词短语，在why后面必须用句子。请再看两个例句： 1） Nobody knows the reason why he is so upset.（谁也不知道他为什么如此沮丧。） 2） The reason for his going to France was unknown.（无人知晓他去法国的原因。） 6. But beyond that， they are fun. beyond 是一个常用词，在本句中做介词用，意思是“除…以外”，相当于besides，多用于否定句和疑问句中，如： 1） I know nothing of it beyond what you told me.（除了你告诉我的以外，别的我都不知道。） 2） Beyond that， there is nothing more I can say.（除了那个，我再也没什么可说的了。） 3） He owns nothing beyond the shabby house.（除了那个破旧的房子，他一无所有。） beyond做介词用时，还有“在…的那边；迟于；超出”等意思，如： 1）What lies beyond the mountain？（山那边有什么？） 2）Don't stay there beyond midnight.（别在那儿待到半夜后） 3）What he said is beyond my understanding.（他说的话我不懂） 4）How he managed to find us is beyond me.（我不清楚他是如何设法找到我们的。） 7.One psychologist suggests that people are fed up with the computerization of their lives. 在动词suggest （建议，提议）后面可以用doing sth.和that从句，在that从句中用虚拟语气，请看例句： 1） I suggest bringing the meeting to an end（我建议结束会议。） 2） He suggested that the work （should） be started at once.（他建议立即动工。） 3） Her parents suggested that she （should） have a medical examination.（她父母建议她做一次体检。） 当suggest的意思为“认为；暗示；启发；表明”时，that从句中不用虚拟语气，如： 1） Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill （珍妮苍白有脸色表明她病了。）。 2） He suggested that accident was my fault. （他认为那起事故是我的过错。） be fed up with意思是“厌倦，”相当于be tired of 或 be weary of，如： 1）I'm fed up with his complaints（对他的抱怨我厌倦之极。） 2）Many students are fed up with some of the dull courses（许多学生对一些乏味的课程甚为厌倦。） 8.Many of the younger buyers say they are turned off by the poor quality of modern goods and are looking for remnants of a stringer and firmer era， when things were built to last. turn off是个常用短语，通常表示“关掉；解雇；避开，”在本句中的意思是“失去兴趣”，请看例句： 1）Be sure to turn off the lights before you leave.（请你离开前务必把灯关掉。） 2）She was turn off by the boss as she couldn't type fast enough.（她因打字不够快而被老板解雇。） 3）He turned off the question with a shrug of the shoulder.（他耸耸肩回避开了这个问题。） 4）This music really turns me off.（这种音乐真叫我倒胃。） 5）A number of students are turned off by this subject.（这门课使许多学生厌烦。） 句中的when是一个关系副词，引导非限定定语从句，也可把when看作是并列连词，意思相当于at the time，如： 1）The meeting will be put off till next week， when all the participants will arrive from different parts of the country.（会议被推迟到下周，届时所有的与会者将从全国各地赶来。） 2）I'll join you next month， when I will have made all the preparations.（我下个月加入你们当中，那时我将做好一切准备。） 9. ……it blesseth him that gives and him that takes blesseth 为古英语动词现在时第三人称单数，相当于现在的blesses.句中的that引导的是定语从句，如： 1） God help those that help themselves.（自助者天助。） 2） Give it to whoever that is in need of help.（把这个给任何一个需要帮助的人。） 本课主要词组 1. sort through 2. come up with 3. all sorts of 4. get rid of 5. set out 6. all but 7. put up 8. be considered as 9. be fed up with 10. search for 11. turn off 12. run across 13. in the back of one's mind 14. （be） of great value 15. separate…from 16. be bound to 17. be faced with 短语表达 1. urge sb. to do sth. /be urged to do sth. They urged the management to give them a definite answer. 2. without adv. Never mind， we can manage without. 3. instead of He stayed at home reading instead of going to see a film. 4. range from …to The boys range in age from 7 to 13. 5. specialize in He specialized in biology. 6. at low prices This small shop offers goods at low prices. 7. be likely to He is likely to come late. 8. refer to He used to be referred to as “the Iron Man”。 9. be known for China is known for its silk and tea. 10. keep the flavor The vegetable cannot keep its flavor if overcooked.
Unit22（第65讲—第67讲） 19. positive adj. 确定的；积极地，肯定地 positively adv. 确定地，明确地；积极地，肯定地 1） He was frightened by the results of his blood test， for all tested items show positive reactions.（验血结果把他吓坏了，每一个项目都显示阳性反应。） 2） I'm positive about it.（对这点我有绝对把握。） 3） They longed for a positive answer.（他们渴望得到肯定的答复。） 4） You should adopt a more positive attitude toward life.（对生活你应该采取更积极的态度。） 5） He never answered my questions positively.（他从不肯定地回答我的问题。） 20. aspect n. 方向；外表 1） They considered the plan in all its aspects.（他们全面地考虑了这一计划。） 2） His face had a frightening aspect.（他的脸色很吓人。） 21. emerge v. 出现 1） The sun emerged from behind a cloud.（太阳从云朵后面出来了。） 2） Different ideas have emerged.（不同意见出现了。） 3） A modern industrial city is now emerging.（一个现代化的工业城市正在兴起。） 本课简介 人人都知道健康的重要，但人们对于参加健身活动的态度如何呢？本文作者通过许多具体的事例告诉我们，人们对于参加健身活动有许多认识上的误区，因而有必要重新审视自己在这一问题上的态度和做法。 人们对于健康活动有哪些看法呢？一些学生认为，留出时间来健身是浪费时间，健身活动并不比学打桥牌对他更有用，学业和前程才是最重要的。还有人认为健身固然重要，但实在没有时间健身。也有人说自己已经够健康了，保持现状应该没有问题。另外有些人则抱怨没有运动设施，也无法从他人那儿得到什么帮助，或者觉得运动后的浑身汗味令他们不舒服。 以上种种皆是不愿意进行健身活动的人们的看法，那么对于那些原意进行健身活动的人们来说，他们的认识和做法也并非没有问题。有人说，我跑步是因为宿舍里的每一个人都在晚上跑步。也有人说，我运动时每消耗3500卡热量就能减掉一磅体重，圣诞节前我只有十磅要减了。还有人说，这个周末天气凉爽，星期六看来是个好日子。另外，健身只是为了长寿也是常见的看法。 你的认识是否类似于上述某种观点？请记住健康虽不一定保证长寿，但能有助于你快乐地生活每一天。 本课主要语言点 1. Recently we were told by a student that setting aside time for improving his physical fitness would be a total misuse of his working hours. that引导的是一个宾语从句，在这个从句中，动名词短语setting aside time…做主语，此类结构在英语中很常见。如： 1） He told me that getting up early in the morning was hard for him.（他告诉我早起对他来说很困难。） 2） The teacher said that cheating on exams was on the increase in many schools.（那位老师说在许多学校考试作弊现象在增长。） 3） My brother told me that setting up his own company would not be totally impossible.（我兄弟对我说建立他自己的公司并不是一件完全不可能的事。） set aside 意思是to reserve or keep sth. for a special use or purpose （留出、拨出）；set aside也可表示overturn（驳回、取消），disregard（不顾）。如： 1） He decided to set aside 50 yuan every month so that he could buy a used bike.（他打算每个月留出50块钱以便能买辆二手自行车。） 2） His parents asked him to set aside 30 minutes every morning reading English.（他父母要求他每天早晨留出30分钟读英语。） 3） The government set aside thirteen per cent of the money for health and education.（政府拨出这笔钱地百分之十三用于健康和教育。） 4） The original verdict was eventually set aside by the Supreme Court.（原先地裁决最终被法庭驳回。） 5） We must set aside all formality and another try.（我们必须不拘形式再试一次。） a / the misuse of sth.意思是 use sth. in an incorrect or improper manner（误用、滥用）。如： The misuse of company assets brought about heavy losses.（滥用公司财产造成了严重损失。） 在词汇部分我们讲到mis-是一个前缀，常指things being done badly or wrongly. 如：understand-misunderstand ， print-misprint等等。 2. He assured us that he would be no better served by a fitness program than by learning to play bridge. 本句中地no是一个副词，用在副词比较级地前面，表示“并不、毫不”。no也可以在形容词比较级地前面。如：no more than， no less than， no longer than，no farther than 等等。 1） I could no more play piano than you.（我和你一样不会弹钢琴。） 2） This place is no better than slum.（这地方与贫民窟差不多。） better是副词well的比较级形式，served是个过去分词，可用作形容词，如： better organized， better prepared， better managed等等。 assure是个及物动词，意思是“使确信、使放心”，主要用法是： 1） assure sb. of sth. He assured me of the feasibility of the plan.（他使我确信这个计划是可行的。） 2） assure sb. that…… I assured my mother that I would handle the problem.（我向母亲保证我能处理这个问题。） 请注意区别assure，ensure，insure和secure这四个动词。 assure指以十分肯定的语气向别人保证某事一定发生，多用assure sb. of / that在结构中；ensure意为确保某种行动或动因的结果一定会发生，后面可以跟sth.或that从句，但不能带双宾语；insure意思是“给…保险”；secure的意思是make safe（使安全）。 1） He assured me that Dr. Baker would come.（他向我保证贝克博士会来。） 2） To ensure the child's quick recovery， the doctor gave him three different medicines.（为了保证孩子尽快康复，医生给了他三种不同的药物。） 3） The house is insured against fire.（这房子保了火灾险。） 4） They tried their best to secure the bridge from further attack.（他们尽力保护桥梁免受进一步的攻击。） 3. College and his preparation for a career were his only priorities.请注意区prepare 和prepare for的区别。 prepare sb. or sth. 指make them ready for an event or action that will happen in the future，如： We have to prepare our lessons carefully.（我们得仔细备课。） prepare for an event or action指get oneself ready for it； make plans for it so that it and prepared when it happens， 如： The children washed out hands and prepared for the meal.（孩子们洗好手准备吃饭。） 名词preparation通常用在短语make preparations for和in preparation for当中，如： 1） They were making preparations for the old man's funeral.（他们在为老人的葬礼做准备。） 2） We will have to collect new material in preparation for the experiment.（我们得收集新资料为实验作准备。） priority指 give priority to和 take / has priority当中。如： 1）This project has priority over all others.（这个项目比所有其他项目都更受重视。） 2）Education is given first priority in their family.（教育在他们家是予以先考虑的问题。） 4. This student has seen being physically fit as an end rather than the means we know it to be. see sth. as意思是“把…看作为”，我们以前学过不少类似的短语，如：regard…as，look upon…as，think of…as，view…as等等。 being physically fit意思是“身体健康”。 an end rather than the means意思是“是一种目的而不是达到目的的方法”。 rather than意思是“而不是”。 1）He was seen as the most capable person in the company.（人们认为他是公司最能干的人。） 2）We saw her silence as consent.（我们把她的沉默看作为同意。） 3）To be physically fit is our greatest wish for grandfather.（身体健康是我们对爷爷的希望。） 4）You need to do more exercise if you want to be physically fit.（如果你想身体健康，就需要进行更多的锻炼。） 5）He came all the way to China for promoting friendship rather than for making money.（他千里迢迢来到中国不是为了赚钱，而是为了增进友谊。） 5. His opinion is one of the many feelings， pro or con， that people hold about their personal involvement in a physical fitness program. pro和con在本句中作形容词用，pro的意思是for（赞成），con的意思是against（反对）。pro or con在句子中作后置定语，修饰名词feeling.后置定语在英语中也很常见。如： 1） Countries， big or small， should be equal.（国家无论大小都是平等的。） 2） He studied in a room， clean and tidy.（他在干净整齐的房间里学习。） （在上述例句中，两个成对的或反对的形容词，用and或or连接，共同修饰一个名词。这是形容词作后置定语的一种用法。） 1）The active involvement of thousands of people in the election campaign surprised him.（成千上万的人积极参与竞选活动令他惊奇。） 2） He avoids involvement in politics.（他避免卷入政治。） 6. Certainly some of there individuals may have physical limitations that make activity extremely difficult， and others are engaged in time-consuming activities that until finished do not permit opportunities for recreation. that make activity extremely difficult是一个定语从句，修饰physical limitations. Be engaged in sth. 意思是be involved in sth.（使从事，使忙于），如： 1）They were engaged in the study of soil conservation.（他们在从事土壤保持的研究。） 2） It is inappropriate for him to engage in this activity.（他从事这一活动是不合适的。） 7.…I'll have no difficulty staying that way. have （no） difficulty doing sth.（做某事有/无困难），也可以用have （no） trouble doing sth.。如： 1）He has no difficulty understanding the Chinese film.（看懂那部中国电影他没有困难。） 2）I had a lot of trouble getting back to sleep after I answered the phone call.（接过电话后，我无法再入睡。） 8.…you may have made a commitment to a physical fitness program that might be rather narrow in scope. make （a） commitment to 意思是make a firm promise（作出），或者involvement（投入）。 Narrow in scope意思是范围很窄，很狭隘。我们接触过在形容词后面加介词in再加名词的机构，如similar in appearance（外表相像）。 9.What could I achieve if I were really in top physical condition？ 本句中用了虚拟语气，从句中用过去时（be动词用were），主句中用could或should / would / might加动词原形，表示的是与现在事实相反的假设，如： 1）If he were on time， we wouldn't have to wait for him.（如果他能准时，我们就不用等他了。） 2） If they had time now， they would come to see us.（如果他们现在有时间，他们就来看我们了。） in top physical condition 意思是“身体很健康”。如： The old man is in top （very good， excellent…） physical condition though he is already 76.（老人虽已七十六岁，但身体非常健康。） 10. In the final analysis， we think that although fitness will not guarantee that you will live longer， it can help you enjoy the years you do live. in the final analysis意思是ultimately（归根结底），如： They realized in the final / last analysis that their job was to tell public the facts.（他们认识到他们的工作归根结底是把事实公诸于众。） guarantee的意思是保证，担保，后面可跟名词；to do或that从句。如： 1） Wealth doesn't guarantee happiness.（财富不能保证快乐。） 2）They guaranteed to finish the work in two hours.（他们保证在两个小时内完成这项工作。） 3）I guarantee that they will win the game.（我保证他们会赢这场比赛）。 do在句中起强调作用。 本课主要短语（phrases and expressions） 1.set aside 2.a misuse of 3.no better than 4.prepare for / make preparations for 5.be physically fit 6.be seen as 7.rather than 8.pro or con 9.involvement in / be/become/get involved in 10. in pursuit of 11. be engaged in 12. have （no）difficulty doing sth. 13. get support from 14. make commitment to 15. narrow in scope 16. approach to 17. in top physical condition 18. be capable of 19. keep in mind 20. in the final analysis Text B people and colors 短语表达 1. in general In general， girls do better on test about vocabulary than boys. In general， there are two different ideas about where to go. 2. remind sb. of sth. The way he walks reminds me of his father. The picture reminds me of the days I spent in the countryside. 3. associate with People usually associate the underground with something evil. They like to associate with people from all walks of life. 4. react to I cannot imagine how the audience will react to his speech. Young children react to the color of an object before they react to its shape.
Unit3（第7讲—第10讲） 4. One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。 Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot. 这两个都是表语从句和主句中的系动词连用的句子。结构为：主语＋系动词＋表语从句。请看下面的例句：My idea is that we contact him as soon as possible.（我的想法是我们应该尽快跟他联系。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） My suggestion is that we should put off the meeting.（我的建议是我们应该把会议延期。） 2） One advantage of solar energy is that it will never be used up.（太阳能的一个优点是用之不竭。） 3） 问题是你不在时谁照管孩子。（The problem is who will take care of the children while you are away.） 4） 看起来天要下雨。（It looks that it is going to rain.） 请注意辨析another 和other： another由 an＋other构成，只和单数可数名词连用。other可用于所有名词前。another＋单数名词表示不定的“另一个”，the other＋单数可数名词表示特指的“另一个”。 请看下面的例句： 1） This idea is not very practical， will you think of another one？（这个主意不太实际，你能另想一个吗？） 2） This book is too difficult. Show me another one.（这本书太难了，给我看另外一本。） 3） Of the three books in my bag， two are published in China， the other is published in the United States.（我包里的三本书中，两本是中国出版的，另一本是美国出版的。） 4） Tom is here， but where are the other boys？（汤姆在这儿，其他的男孩在哪儿呢？） 5） I like this coat better than the other one.（两件上衣中，我更喜欢这一件。） 6） This camera is more expensive than the other one.（这架照相机比另一架贵。） boiling hot意思是“滚热的，酷热的”。此处的boiling不是形容词而是副词，表示热的程度，修饰hot. 5. Sailors were afraid that they might sail right off the earth. 此句中，that引导的名词性从句作形容词的补足语。例如： 1） I am afraid that I can not finish the article in two hours.（我担心我两小时内写不完这篇文章。） 2） He was afraid that he couldn't give you a definite answer.（他担心他不能给你一个明确的答复。） 3） I am afraid that I have made a mistake.（我担心自己犯了一个错误。） 4） We are confident that we can overcome all the difficulties.（我们相信自己能克服所有的困难。） 对“be + 形容词 + that引起的从句”这类结构，语法家们有的认为that从句做宾语用，有的认为that从句做状语用。根据句子的逻辑意义来判断也许比较方便一些。如：I'm sorry that you failed the exam again. 这个句子中的that从句起状语作用，相当于“…because you failed the exam again.” 6. The Atlantic Ocean is only half as big as the Pacific，… 在第一单元中我们讨论过副词的同等比较。本句中as big as 则是形容词的同等比较。在这类句子中，可以有表示程度的状语。例如： 1） This book is not half as interesting as that one.（这本书还不如那本书一半有趣。） 2） My monthly income is only half as much as his.（我的月收入只有他的一半多。） 3） This year our university will enroll three times as many students as it did the year before last.（我们学校今年的招生人数将是前年的三倍。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 我的英语口语还不及你的一半流利。（My spoken English is not half as fluent as yours.） 2） 这只手提箱还没有那只手提箱一半重。（This suitcase is not half as heavy as that one.） 3） 这个房间是那个房间的两倍。（This room is twice as large as that one.） 7. But suppose no more rain fell into it and no more water was brought to it by rivers. suppose 常常做动词用，意思是“假定；猜想；认为”。例如： 1） Let's suppose it to be true.（让我们假定这是真的。） 2） I suppose he is very nervous.（我猜想他很紧张。） 3） I supposed him to be an honest man， but he often tells lies.（我以为他很诚实，他却经常说谎。） 在本句中suppose（也可以用supposing）是一个连词，意思是“假设（= if）；假使…结果会怎么样”。例如： 1） Suppose he is ill， what shall we do？（假如他病了，我们怎么办？） 2） Suppose a tiger should come out of the cage？（如果一只老虎从笼子中跑出来怎么办？） 3） Suppose something should go wrong？（如果出了什么问题会怎么样？） 8. It would take the ocean about 4000 years to dry up. it takes （sb.） some time to do sth. 是很常用的一个句型。例如： 1） 我骑自行车到学校要花半小时。（It takes me half an hour to get to school by bike.） 2） 他花了两个星期时间才看完那本书。（It took him two weeks to finish reading that book.） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） It took the boy three hours to finish his homework.（那个男孩花了3小时才写完作业。） 2） It takes less than 4 hours to get to Shanghai by train from Nanjing.（从南京乘火车到上海只要不到4小时。） 3） 他花了4天时间才走出密林。（It took him 4 days to go out of the forest.） 4） 照顾一个生病的老人要花许多时间。（It will take a great deal of time to look after a sick old man. 9. On the average the water is a little more than two miles deep， but in places it is much deeper. on the average在句子中的意思是“平均而言”。例如： 1） On the average， they drove 70 miles an hour.（他们平均每小时行驶70英里。） 2） On the average， they spend 20 yuan on food every day.（他们平均每天花20块钱吃饭。） a little 在句子中修饰more，表示程度，意思是“一点儿，稍许”。much在句子中修饰deeper，也表示程度，加强形容词比较级，意思是“…多”。例如： 1） I feel a little cold.（我觉得有点冷。） 2） He spent a little more than 20 yuan yesterday.（昨天他花了20块多一点儿。） 3） I feel much better now.（我现在感觉好多了。） 4） She is much more careful this time.（她这一次细心多了。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 干了一天的工作，我觉得有点累。（I feel a little tired after a day's work.） 2） 她对她的同学有点不友好。（She is a little unfriendly to her classmates.） 3） 听了那个消息他开心多了。（He was much happier after hearing that news.） 10. This “deep” measures 30，246 feet——almost 6 miles （9.6km）。 本句中的deep做名词用，意思是“深处”，“海渊”（水深超过3000英里）。 measure 在句子中做动词用，意思是“测量”，“有…深”。例如： 1） This room measures 10 metres across.（这个房间宽10米。） 2） The bridge measures 17 kilometres long.（这座桥长17公里。） 3） The water tank only measures 2 metres deep.（这只水箱只有2米深。） 11. One of the longest mountain ranges of the world rises from the floor of the Atlantic. 本句中的 longest与课文前几段中出现的narrowest，saltiest，deepest一样，都是形容词的级形式。因为这几个词是单音节词或是以元音结尾的双音节词，所以，级的构成是在词尾加-est.对于大部分两个音节以上的形容词，级的构成是在形容词前面加most.请看例句： 1） He wants to make everybody believe that he is the happiest person in the world.（他想使每一个人相信他是世界上最幸福的人。） 2） This is the strongest horse I have ever seen.（这是我所见过的壮的马。） 3） The boss wanted to find the most careful employees.（老板想找最细心的雇工。） 4） 黄山是我所知道的最美的山之一。（Yellow Mountain is one of the most beautiful mountains I have ever known.） 5） 这条高速公路是中国最长的。（This express way is one of the longest in China. ） 6） 这本书是三本书中最有意思的。（This book is the most interesting of the three.） rise 是一个不及物动词，在句子中的意思是“升起；隆起”。例如： 1） The sun rises in the east.（太阳在东方升起。） 2） Give the child some medicine， his temperature is rising.（给孩子服药，他的体温在升高。） 3） The mountain peak rises above the clouds.（山峰高耸入云。） 请注意区别以下动词： 1） rise 不及物动词 （起立；上升，高耸；浮现） The old lady rose to her feet when she heard the doorbell. The tower rises to a height of 70 feet. An idea rises in my mind. 2） raise 及物动词 （举起；养育；提高；召集） If you have any questions， please raise your hands. When Father was in the army， Mother had a hard time raising three children. The management promised to raise the workers'salary after the negotiation. He failed to raise the money for his father's heart operation. 3） arise 不及物动词 （升起；出现；由…引起） Heavy smoke arose beyond the mountain. New problems arise when old ones are solved. His illness arose from malnutrition. 4） arouse 及物动词 （唤醒；激起，引起） The noise outside aroused him from sleep. The music aroused a feeling of homesickness in him. floor在句子中的意思是“海底”。在其他语言环境中，floor当然有其他的意思。如； 1） He lives on the seventh floor.（他住在7楼。） 2） The wood floor gives a feeling of warmth in the winter.（冬天时，木地板给我温暖的感觉。） 3） He was given the floor at the meeting.（他在会上得到了发言权。） 4）He decided to floor the kitchen with plastic tiles.（他决定用塑料砖铺厨房地面。） 12. The tops of a few of the mountains reach up above the sea and make island top 在句中做名词用，意思是“顶部，山顶”。例如： 1） He was the first to climb to the top of the hill.（他第一个爬上山顶。） 2） When we stand on the top of the mountain， the whole city is in sight.（我们站在山顶时，整个城市尽收眼底） 请翻译下面的句子，注意top的词类和意思： 1） He shouted at the top of his voice.（他放声高叫。）-n. 2） He is running at the top of his speed.（他正以最快的速度奔跑。）-n. 3） He is the top student in the class.（他是班上的尖子学生。）-adj. 4） This is the top news of the week.（这是本周的头条新闻。）-adj. 5） His father is a top diplomatic advisor.（他父亲是高级外交顾问。）-adj. 6） Mother is going to top the cake with cream.（妈妈准备在蛋糕上浇奶油。）-v. 7） He tops his father by half a head.（他比父亲高出半个头。）-v. 8） She needs a new skirt to match her top.（她需要一条新裙子配她的上衣。）-n. 与top有关的词组： come out top（名列前茅） come out on top（出人头地） from top to bottom（从上到下，彻底地） from top to toe（从头到脚；完全） on top of the world（非常幸福；心满意足） 13. Several hundred miles eastward from Florida there is a part of the ocean called the Sargasso Sea. called the Sargasso Sea 是修饰ocean的定语从句，在其前省去了which is. 请看下面的例句： 1） Opportunities are often thing （that） you have not noticed the first time around. （机会常常是第一次出现时没有被人们注意到的东西。） 2） There is much （that） the little boy can do.（有许多是那小男孩能做。） 3）He is the right person （that） I want to discuss the problem with.（他正是我想与其讨论这个问题的人。） 14. In the days of sailing vessels the crew were afraid they would be becalmed here. Sometimes they were. days常常指“时期，时代”，有时也表示“一生；生命”。请看例句： 1） In his boyhood days， he often went swimming and fishing with his friends.（在他的童年时代，他常常和伙伴们一起游泳，钓鱼。） 2） In the days of Queen Victoria， the British colony expanded rapidly.（在维多利亚女王时代，英国殖民地迅速扩张。） 3） He has experienced a lot of hardships in his days.（他一生中吃了许多苦。） crew是一个集合名词，指“全体船员”，后面的谓语动词可以用单数也可以用复数，此句中谓语动词用的是复数were，因为从句子中可以推断出是许多vessels（船）上的船员。Sometimes they were.句子中省略becalmed. 15. The Atlantic furnishes much food for the people on its shores. furnish sth. to sb. 意思是“为…提供”，我们同样可以用furnish sb. with sth.来表达这个意思。例如： They furnished blankets and food to the refugees.（他们为难民供应毯子和食物。） No one expected that he would furnish the information to the opponent.（谁也没有料到他会把消息提供给对手。） Luckily， they have furnished us with a car and all the necessary maps.（幸运的是他们为我们提供了一辆汽车和所有必要的地图。） 16. One of its famous fishing regions， the Grand Banks， is near Newfoundland. the Grand Banks在句子中做同位语。请看下面的例句： 1） This theory was advanced by Einstein， a famous scientist.（这个理论是由科学家爱因斯坦提出的。） 2） This is Mr. Benjamin， dean of our department.（这是我们系主任本杰明先生。） 3） Qinghai Lake， the largest inland body of salt water in China， lies 3，198 metres above sea-level.（中国的内陆咸水湖青海湖海拔3，198米。） 本课主要词组及句型 词组： 1. separate from 2. keep sb. from doing sth. 3. be unwilling to do sth. 4. between A and B 5. make sth unusual 6. so…that 7. dry up 8. on the average 9. rise from 10. furnish sth for sb. 11. pile up 12. from…to 句型： A.定语从句： 1） The Atlantic is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. 2） Ocean currents affect the climates of the land near which they flow. B.表语从句： 1） One idea was that it reached out to “the edge of the world”。 2） Another idea was that at the equator the ocean would be boiling hot. C.结果状语从句： 1） There is so much water in the Atlantic that it is hard to imagine how much there is. 2） We now have such fast ways of travelling that this big ocean seems to have grown smaller. D.形容词的比较级和级： 1） The Atlantic is only half as big as the Pacific， but still it is very large. 2） It is more than 4，000 miles wide where Columbus crossed it. 3） Even at its narrowest it is about 2，000 miles wide. 4） Also， it is the world's saltiest ocean. 5） The deepest spot is near Puerto Rico. E.be one of＋复数名词 The Atlantic Ocean is one of the oceans that separate the Old World from the New. F.it takes sb. some time to do sth. It would take the ocean about 4，000 years to dry up. 地理名称 1.（七）大洲和（四）大洋 Asia （亚洲） Europe（欧洲） Africa（非洲） North America（北美洲） South America（南美洲） Oceania （大洋洲） the Antarctic（南极洲） The Atlantic（大西洋） the Pacific（太平洋） the Indian（印度洋） the Arctic（北冰洋） 2.常用词 continent （大陆） continental shelf（大陆架） subcontinent（次大陆） iceberg（冰山） mountain range（山脉） volcano（火山） delta （三角洲） waterfall（瀑布） gulf（海湾） straits； channel（海峡） coast line （海岸线） beach（海滩） 3. 大西洋之最 1） The Atlantic is the second largest ocean in the world 2） The Atlantic is the saltiest ocean in the world 3） Puerto Rico Trench is the deepest in the Atlantic Ocean. 4） Gulf Stream is the strongest warm water current in the Atlantic Ocean. 5） The Grand Banks near Newfoundland is the most prosperous fishing region in the world. 6） The drainage area of the Atlantic is four times that of the Pacific or the Indian. 2. 主要属海和岛屿 the Mississippi 密西西比河 the Hudson 哈得逊河 the Amazon 亚马逊河 the Congo 刚果河 Baffin Bay 巴芬湾 the Nigeria 尼日利亚河 the Rhine 莱茵河 the Caribbean Sea 加勒比海 the Mexican Gulf 墨西哥湾 the Hudson Bay 哈得逊湾 the Mediterranean Sea 地中海 the Black Sea 黑海 the North Sea 北海 the Baltic Sea 波罗的克海 Iceland 冰岛 Greenland 格陵兰岛 Faeroe Islands 法罗群岛 Shetland Islands 设得兰岛 Bermudas 百慕大群岛 Azores 亚速尔群岛 Grenada 格陵纳达岛 Antilles 安的列斯群岛 Trinidad Islands 特里尼达群岛 Malvinas Islands 马尔维纳斯群岛 Bahamas 巴哈马群岛 Text B The Moon 短语表达 1. tie to（与…联系在一起；使束缚于…） He is seriously ill and has been tied to his bed for almost a month.（他病得厉害，已经卧床近一个月了。） Study ties smoking to many diseases.（据研究，许多疾病与抽烟有关。） I am sorry I didn't have the time to go shopping with you. I was tied to housework.（很抱歉我没能有时间和你一起去购物，家务杂事把我拴住了。） 2. except for（除了…之外） The room is empty except for some chairs.（房间里除了一些椅子空荡荡。） Your composition is well written except for some spelling mistakes.（除了几处拼写错误，你的文章写的不错） 3. be near to（靠近） The park is near to our school. Let's go boating.（公园离我们学校很近，我们去划船吧。） The police station is near to our community. It is within walking distance. （警察局离我们社区很近，步行就能到达。） 4. face towards（朝向） My office is in the building that faces towards the street.（我的办公室在那座朝街的楼里。） His new house faces towards the south.（他的新房子朝南。） 5. keep…in mind（把…记在心里） I am not sure if he would keep what you have said in mind.（我不能肯定他是否会把你说的话记在心里。） I will keep this in mind for future reference.（我会记住这个，供以后参考。） 6. light up（变亮；使容光焕发） Her face lighted up when she heard the news.（听到那个消息，她面露喜色。） His face was lighted （lit） up with excitement.（他因兴奋而满面春风。） 7. reflect（反射） Mirrors reflect light.（镜子反射光。） The white sand reflected the sun's heat（白沙地反射太阳的热气。）。 The light reflected from the water into my eyes.（光线投过水面反射到我眼里。） 8. …enough for sb. to do sth.（足以让某人做某事） The room is big enough for us to have a dancing party.（这间房够大了，我们可以在里面开舞会。） The basket is light enough for the little boy to carry.（这只篮子很轻，那个小男孩能提动。） 9. speak of（提到，说起） I have never heard him speak of his past.（我从来没有听他提起他的过去。） She always looks proud when she speaks of her son.（说到她的儿子她总是很自豪的样子。） 10. otherwise（不然；另外的） He reminded me of what I might otherwise have forgotten.（他提醒了我，不然我可能会忘记那件事。） He is a little careless， but he is otherwise quite suitable for the job.（他有点粗心，除此以外，他倒是很适合这个工作的。） He is honest， but his twin brother is otherwise.（他很诚实，而他的孪生兄弟则不然。） 11. nothing but（仅仅，除了…之外没有什么） There is nothing but a piece of bread in the cupboard.（食橱里除了一片面包什么也没有。） He asked for nothing but trust.（除了信任，他什么要求都没有。）
今天教务老师给大家收集整理了自考英语二教材笔记，自考英语二官方教材的相关问题解答，还有免费的自考历年真题及自考复习重点资料下载哦，以下是全国我们为自考生们整理的一些回答，希望对你考试有帮助！自考英语二到底考些什么？英语二题型分布为：综合填空(完型填空)20道，每题0.5分，共10分；阅读理解5篇文章，25题,每题2分共50分；英语翻译：英语翻译成中文15分。英文写作两篇：大作文和小作文总共25分。英语二考试难度是在英语四、六级之间。如何学好自考英语二 下面6个步骤帮你解决1、教材准备。首先大家如果有需要，可以买一本英语二的教材，也可以借别人的过来参考一些。2、考试大纲。考试大纲是很重要的，复习的策略是把考试大纲规定的单词背好，涉及到英语二的基础语法一定要弄懂。根据大纲来复习，要求识记和掌握的重点背下来，就可以有好的成绩。3、单词记忆。单词背诵主要以考试大纲为蓝本。而且单词背诵要贯穿始终，每天都要坚持背点，多重复日积月累才会收到良好效果。4、历年真题。真题也是很重要的一方面，做题要选择英语(二)历年真题。因为真题的含金量最大，考生可以通过历年真题了解到考试重点和题型分布。对于以前做过的题目，不妨回头再做，有的题隔一段时间再做，可以加强复习效果。在做完历年真题后把答案在教材书上找出来。因为自考试题是从题库中出来的，往往会反复考到，只要把这些题目都背下来，一般及格没有问题。5、另外在做真题的同时，还要选择一些适合的模拟题来做。模拟题一定要找适合自考水平的题，如果选择太难或太易的题，对于英语(二)考试没有太大的作用。通过做题要掌握解题技巧，摸清出题思路，达到熟能生巧。6、在复习的同时还需要积累一些课外知识，这对提高阅读理解解题能力有较大帮助。例如，考生如果有时间就要多看看与自考难易程度相当的文章。不过也不能选择难度太大的，可以看些《大学英语》、《英语沙龙》等有英汉对照的刊物来看。请问这个是非英语专业本科自考的指定教材吗？没错，同路人。谁那里有自考劳动法的复习笔记？我还想问一下，用旧的笔记没什么大事?教材变版本后，其实内容差不多，以前的额资料还是能用的自考/成考有疑问、不知道自考/成考考点内容、不清楚当地自考/成考政策，点击底部咨询官网老师，免费领取复习资料：
08自考“英语（二）”常考词汇第一单元1.常考单词：goal，objective，accomplish，predict，accompany，implement，tendency，achievement，argue，budget，define，entity2. 常考词组：in the way，in part，point of view，contribute to，to apply for，in hand，to turn down3. 常考句子：1）A decision is a choice made from among alternative courses of action that are available.2）Often managers must make a best guess at what the future will be and try to leave as little as possible to chance.3）If there is no choice，there is no decision to be made.4）For managers every decision has constraints based on politics，procedures，laws，precedents and the like.5）For example，managers sometimes treat problems in an either/or fashion.6）Decision makers must have some way of determining which of several alternatives is best - that is，which contributes the most to the achievement of organizational goals.7）In the larger scheme of things，however，increased funding for research to improve the products might be more beneficial to the organization.8）Some of these objectives are more important than others，but the order and degree of importance often vary form person to person and from department to department.第二单元1.常考单词：escape，explode，collapse，shrink，gravity，measurement，basis，launch，convincing，companion，speculation，swallow，operate，to make use of，a great many，above all2. 常考句子：1）Astronomers and scientists think that a black hole is a region of space into which matter has fallen and from which nothing can escape.2）The theory is that some stars explode when their density increases to a particular point.3）Some people think that the Start of Bethlehem could have been a supernova.4）If a man fell into a black hole，he would think that he reached the center of it very quickly.5）It is only recently that astronomers have begun specific research into black holes.6）On the other hand，scientists have suggested that every advanced technology could one day make use of the energy of black holes for mankind.第三单元1.常考单词：weaken deteriorate debate legal request criterion ensure oppose tradition consideration disabled burden vulnerable prohibition sensitive2. 常考词组：to debate on to make request for be opposed to to take … into account3. 常考句子：1）Affected with a serious disease，van Wendal was no longer able to speak clearly and he knew there was no hope of recovery and that his condition was rapidly deteriorating.2）Van Wendel's last three months of life before being given a final，lethal injection by his doctor were filmed and first shown on television last year in the Netherlands.3）The programme has since been bought by 20 countries and each time it is shown，it starts a nationwide debate on the subject.4）What those people who oppose euthanasia are telling me is that dying people haven't the right.第四单元1.常考单词：demestic statistics diplomat exploit campaign execute convict despite deserving shelf minimum status deport2. 常考句子：1）There are estimated to be more than 20，000 overseas domestic servants working in Britain.2）Of these 20，000，just under 2，000 are being exploited and abused by their employers.3）The sad condition of women working as domestics around the world received much media attention earlier this year in several highly publicized cases.4）A Filipino maid was executed in Singapore after being convicted of murder，despite protests form various quarters that her guilt had not been adequately established.5）She used to work for a very low wage at a tea factory in Sri Lanka.6）Because she found it difficult to feed her four children，she accepted a job working as a domestic in London.7）So if they do complain，they risk being deported.第五单元1.常考单词：Musician，rhythmic，distinct，consciousness，originate，readily，instrument，electronic，thereby，passive，participant2. 常考词组：to take place to take over to take on in a sense at a stretch to serve as in advance for the sake of3. 常考句子：1）The new music was built out of materials already in existence.2）Folk music，old and modern，was popular among college students.3）They freely took over elements form jazz，from American country music.4）With records at home，listeners imitated these lighting effects as best they could.第六单元1.常考单词：efficiency increasingly install personnel expose reduction completion specific switch critical intensity scale defective2. 常考词组：in that in question plenty of3. 常考句子：1）Most of today's robots are employed in the automotive industry，where they are programmed to take over such jobs as welding and spray painting automobile and truck bodies.2）Robots，already taking over human tasks in the automotive field are beginning to be seen，although to a lesser degree，in other industries as well.3）The robots used in nuclear power plants handle the radioactive materials，preventing human personnel from being exposed to radiation.4）Robots differ from automatic machines in that after completion of one specific task，they can be reprogrammed by a computer to do another one.5）Engineers skilled in microelectronics and computer technology are developing artificial vision for robots.6）With the ability to “see”，robots can identify and inspect one specific class of objects out of a stack of different kinds of materials.7）Anyone wanting to understand the industry of the future will have to know about robotics.第七单元1.常考单词：research attach underlie relevant positive possession desirable relaxation occupation urban acquire participation2. 常考词组：be concerned with be relevant to to set … as objective3. 常考句子：1）People in advanced industrial societies are increasingly concerned with opportunities for leisure.2）The importance people attach to paid holidays and the rapid development of services for mass entertainment and recreation are signs of this increasing concern.3）The specific use of leisure varies from individual to individual.4）Since leisure is basically self-determined，one is able to take to one's interests and preferences and get involved in an activity in ways that will bring enjoyment and satisfaction.5）Basically，such attitudes amount to a recognition that leisure is an important area of life and a belief that Leisure can and should be put to good use.6）For example，the degree to which and the ways in which a school encourages participation in games，sports and cultural pursuits are likely to contribute to the shaping of leisure attitudes on the part of the students.7）Schools usually set as their educational objective the attainment of a balanced development of the person.8）The more seriously this is sought，the more likely positive attitudes towards leisure as well as academic work will be encouraged.第八单元1.常考单词：flight negotiation transport overcome internal external rhythm feasible assumption promote2. 常考词组：effect on to blame… on to advantage now that out of step to leave … alone3. 常考句子：1）The problem of Jet Lag is one every international traveler comes across at some time. （para.1）2）The effects of rapid travel on the body are actually far more disturbing than we realize. （para.2）3）He later blamed his poor judgement on Jet Lag. （para.3）4）Now that we understand what Jet lag is，we can go some way to overcoming it.（para.4）5）The other belongs in our internal clocks which，left alone，would tie the body to a 25 hour - yes，25 - rhythm.（para.5）6）In time the physiological system will reset itself，but it does take time. （para7）7）One reason for this discrepancy is that different bodily events are controlled by different factors. （para.8）8）It is not feasible to wait four days until the body is used to the new time zone. （para.9）第九单元1.常考单词：classify approximate proportion appreciation acknowledge alter lengthen wealthy neglect expectation2. 常考词组：to approximate to resistance to to cope with attribute … to3. 常考句子：1）Nation classified as “aged” when they have 7percent of more of their people aged 65 or above. （para.1）2）The nearer a society approximates to zero population growth，the older its population is likely to be - at least，for any future that concerns us now.3）The older you are now，of course，the greater this proportion will be，and greater still if you are a woman.4）If you are now in your thirties，you ought to be aware that you can expect to live nearly one third of the rest of your life after the age of 60.第十单元1.常考单词：election vote certainty loyalty decline democrat strategy pursue impact headquarters economy stir congress representative2. 常考词组：to identify……as impact on3. 常考句子：1）Candidates try to project a strong leadership image. （para.4）2）Whether voters accept this image，however，depends more on external factors than on a candidate's personal characteristics. （para. 4）此句注意主语从句作主语。3）A year later，with the nation's economy in trouble，Bush's approval rating dropped below 40 percent.4）Candidates are particularly concerned with winning the states which have the largest population.5）Clinton received only 43 percent of the popular vote in 1992，compared with Bush's 38 percent and Perot's 19 percent.第十一单元1.常考单词：disorder irrelevant misleading irresponsible eventual replace partly undergo suitable to do research into be central to be irrelevant to to aim for2. 常考句子：1）The use of animals has been central to the development of anaesthetics.2）Animal research is irrelevant to our health and it can often produce misleading results.3）People and animals are different in their reactions to drugs and in the way their bodies work.4）It would be completely irresponsible and unethical to use drugs on people that had not been thoroughly tested on animals.5）The eventual aim of computer modeling is to reduce the number of animals used in experiments.6）Many other new techniques are now available that enable more research to be done in the test tube to see if chemicals produce harmful biological effects.7）The number of animals used in laboratory tests has declined over the last 20 years.8）This is partly due to alternatives and partly to the fact that experiments are better designed so fewer need to be used.9）Professor David Morton of the department is involved in animal research and is concerned with reducing animal suffering as much as possible.10）This includes keeping them in more suitable cages.include 后面接动名词作宾语。11）In the US，one experiment in nerve regeneration involves cutting a big nerve in a rat's leg.involve 后面接动名词作宾语。12）When it comes to research into heart disease and its effects on the body，or diseases of the brain for example，we do not have adequate substitutes for the use of animals.When it comes to 当提到 … 的时候第十二单元1.常考单词：symptom intellectual detail initial inventor confront sensitivity reflection creativity character trace modest investment to substitute … for be contrary to to put off be confronted with to gaze at be unaware of to impress…on be free from be beneficial to2. 常考句子：1）At its best，daydreaming was considered a compensatory substitute for the real things in life.2）There are always those who would substitute fantasy lives for the rewards of real activity.（para.2）3）Most people suffer from a lack of daydreaming rather than an excess of it. （para.2）4）Not only are they less able to deal with the pressure of day-to-day existence，but also their self -control and self-direction become endangered. （para.2）5）But its beneficial effects go beyond this. （para. 3）Go beyond 表示“超越 …，不仅仅是 … ”6）Historically，scientists and inventors are one group that seems to take full advantage of relaxed moments.Take advantage of 利用7）Whenever confronted with a task which seemed too hard to be dealt with，he would stretch out on his laboratory sofa and let fantasies flood his mind. （para.7）8） Picture yourself as winning and that will contribute remarkably to success.The important thing to remember is to picture these desired objectives as if you had already attained them.第十三单元1.常考单词：compel voluntary undertake coincide manual efficiency compulsion division eliminate boring amusement so far as …knows to coincide with attitude toward to go in for2. 常考句子：1）He cannot be really happy if h is compelled by society to do what he does not enjoy doing.2）Whether a job is to be classified as labor or work depends，not on the job itself，but on the tastes of the individual who undertake it.3）The difference does not，for example，coincide with the difference between a manual and a mental job.4）So that it is natural for him to imagine that the fewer hours he has to spend laboring，and the more hours he is free to play，the better.第十四单元1.常考单词：device compassion grab belonging threatening convince foster persuasion avail suspect profound to convince sb. to do sth. to comment on2. 常考句子：1）It was a microcassette found in Kathleen Weinstein's shirt pocket that not only led police to her alleged killer but also revealed the New Jersey teacher to be a woman of extraordinary courage and compassion.本句是个强调句，另外注意 found 的用法2）It was there，police believe，that Weinstein was able to activate the recorder she kept in her bag. 本句是强调句。3）Weinstein's body，with hands and feet bound，was discovered by a hiker on March17.4）But before she died she somehow slipped the microcassette into her pocket without her killer knowing it.第十五单元1.常考单词：solely content sensible persist vital logic evaluate raw ultimate functional extension undue concrete conquer error prolong technician proof possess to pull down to mistake…for to distinguish between to come to terms with to end in to reflect on to come about to speculate on2.常考句子：1）Electronic brains can reduce the profusion of dead ends involved in vital research.2）Nor do they connect a man to the things he has to be connected to - the reality of pain in others.注意本句的倒装形式。并且注意“ connect … to ”表示“把 … 与 … 连接起来”。3）The reason these matters are important in a computerized age is that there may be a tendency to mistake data for wisdom.本句中注意“ tendency ”后面要接动词不定式作定语。另外“ mistake … for ”表示“把 … 错认为 … ”4）For the danger is not so much that man will be controlled by the computer as that he may imitate it.祝你成功！
自考本科英语二非常重要的考试科目，学习英语最重要的是背单词，背语法。下位小编为大家整理了50个自考英语二的高频知识点，考生可以参考。自考英语二语法知识点整理一、动词短语搭配1. be fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式[1] He's fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。[2] Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗？[3] He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。2. hunt for = look for 寻找 hunt for a job 找工作3. in order to/so as to两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语， in order to可放于句首， so as to则不能， 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.[1] He went to Beijing in order to/so as to attend an important meeting.[2] In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他， 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。4. care about[1] 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care forShe doesn't care about money.她不喜欢钱。[2] 关心 = care forShe thinks only of herself. She doesn't care about other people. 她只考虑自己。不关心别人。[3] 在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry. 她教三门科目，像物理、化学。6. drop a line 留下便条， 写封短信7. make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。8. stay up 不睡；熬夜[1] I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。[2] He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。9. come about 引起；发生；产生[1] How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？[2] They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。10. except for 除……之外[1] except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。②We go there everyday except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。[2] except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：①Except for oneold lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。②Your picture isgood except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。[3] 但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：He answered all the questions except for the last one.[4] 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。11. end up with 以……告终；以……结束The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。12. more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上[1] I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他们没有。[2] Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。13. bring in 引进；引来；吸收[1] We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。[2] He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。14. get away（from） 逃离[1] The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。[2] I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。15. watch out （for）注意；留心[1] Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。[2] Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。16. see sb. off 给某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。17. on the other hand 另一方面； 用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说 on the one hand …… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面。I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。18. as well as 和/还 ， He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。19. take place 发生 take one's place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sb's place 或 take the place of 代替、取代20. on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。catch fire有动态的含意。set…on fire/set fire to…用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。Look, the theatre is on fire! Let's go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。21. on holiday 在度假，在休假中 When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。22. travel agency旅行社=travel bureau23. take off[1] 脱下（衣服等）， 解（除）掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。[2] （飞机）起飞 The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。[3] 匆匆离开 The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。24. go wrong v. 走错路， 误入岐途， （机器等）发生故障25. in all adv. 总共26. stay away v.外出27. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间） Look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查单词。相关词组：①look for 寻找；②look after照顾，照料；③look forward to期待；④look into调查；⑤look on旁观；⑥look out注意；⑦look out for注意，留心，提防；⑧look over翻阅，查看，检查；⑨look around环视；⑩look through翻阅，查看。28. run after 追逐，追求 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。29. on the air 广播[1] We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。[2] This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。30. think highly/well/much of对……评价很高， 赞赏， 对……印象好；think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好， 对……不在意， 不赞成， 觉得……不怎么样[1] He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。[2] I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。[3] I don't think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。31. leave out[1] 漏掉 You made a mistake—You've left out a letter “t”。你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.[2] 删掉， 没用 I haven't changed or left out athing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。32. stare at （由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）[1] 凝视，盯着看 Don't stare at foreigners. It's impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。[2] glare at （to stare angrily at）怒视着33. make jokes about 就……说笑 They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。[1] have a joke with … about…跟某人开关于某事的玩笑He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。[2] play a joke on…开某人的玩笑 We played jokes on each other. 我们互相开玩笑。[3] v. joke about 取笑They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英。34. take over 接管；接替；继承[1] What is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。[2] Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。35. break down[1] 破坏；拆散 ①Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。 ②The peace talks are said to have broken down. （喻）据说和谈破裂了。[2]（机器）损坏 ①Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。 ②The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。[3] 失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。[4] 精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。[5] 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。36. get on one's feet[1] 站起来；站起来发言[2] （=stand on one's feet）自立， 经济上独立[3] （人）病好了， 可以起床了； （使）恢复， 复苏（指企业）37. go through[1] 经历；经受；遭到 These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。[2] 完成；做完I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。[3] 通过；批准 ①The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项法案。②Their plans went through. 他们的计划得到了批准。[4] 全面检查；搜查 They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。38.take over 接管；接替；继承①what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。②Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。二、常考句型39. “So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。[1] He's tired, and so am I. （=I' m also tired.）[2] You can swim，and so can I.（=I can also swim.）She has had supper，and so can I.（=I've had lunch，too.）[3] Tom speaks English，and so does his sister.（=His sister speaks English，too.）A: I went to the park yesterday.B: So did I.（=I also went to the park yesterday.）40.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly, 表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。A：It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B：So it was.的确如此。（=Yes，it was.）A：You seem to like sports.B：So I do.（=Yes，I do.）A：It will be fine tomorrow.B：So it will.（=Yes ，it will.）41.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.（=I handed inmy composition on time.） 语文老师叫我按时交作文， 我照办了。42. So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……（的情况）也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。She doesn't play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.43. There you are. 行了，好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。[1] There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。[2] There you are! I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。44. have some difficulty （in） doing sth. 干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.[1] Do you have any difficulty （in） understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗？[2] She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。45. have a good knowledge of sth. “掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”[1] He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。[2] A good knowledge of languages is always useful.三、长难句46. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。[1] fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词aYou're sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。[2] make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”He looks very funny in his father's jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服，看上去很滑稽。47. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。四、常考语法48. 直接引语和间接引语[1] 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。（一般过去时改成过去完成时）I broke your CD player.→He told me he had broken my CD player.（现在完成时改成过去完成时）Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”→Jenny said she had lost a book.（一般将来时改成过去将来时）Mum said, “I'll go to see a friend.”→Mum said she would go to see a friend.（过去完成时保留原有的时态）He said, “We hadn't finished our homework.”→He said they hadn't finished their homework.注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。[2] 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”→Mary said her brother was and engineer.[3] 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：He said, “Can you run, Mike?”→He asked Mike whether/if he could run.[4] 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell（ask, order, beg等） （not） to do sth.”句型。如：“Pass me the water, please.”said he.→He asked him to pass her the water.[5] 直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：She said, “Let's go to the cinema.”→She suggested going to the cinema.或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.49. 现在进行时表将来的动作现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。[1] 用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。[2] 现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。① The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。② He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。[3] 用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。[4] 现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。① What are you doing next Friday?下星期五你们打算干什么？② The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。50. 主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like 等，谓语动词仍用单数。The teacher as well as his students is excited.报考考试有疑问、不知道如何考点内容、不清楚报考考试当地政策，点击底部咨询猎考网，免费获取个人学历提升方案：
《大学语文》主要复习掌握四部分内容：(一)认真研读教材中的课文共52篇课文，议论文10篇，记叙文17篇，诗词18篇，小说7篇，四部分内容所选的课文篇目，一篇一篇地阅读掌握，加强对课文内容的理解。这里特别强调的是，考生一定要加强对教材所选取的课文内容的理解。在过去《大学语文》考试中，考核考生对课文的内容是否记忆的试题较多。1.《秋水》(节选)中说“仲尼语之以为博”，语中“仲尼”指的是A.伯夷 B.孟子 C.孔子 D.老子[答案]C[解析]这是考核一名大学生最基本的人文常识的试题。没有丝毫难度。2.在《就任北京大学校长之演说》中，蔡元培提及他自己在德国的生活经历，用以说明的论题是A.抱定宗旨 B.端正学风 C.砥砺德行 D.敬爱师友[答案]D[解析]这是典型的考核是否阅读教材的试题。蔡元培在《就任北京大学校长之演说》共阐发“三事”：抱定宗旨;砥砺德行;敬爱师长;阅读课文掌握阐发三事具体论述的内容。余在德国，每至店肆购买物品，店主殷勤款待，付价接物，互相称谢，此虽小节，然亦交际所必需，常人如此，况堂堂大学生乎?对于师友之敬爱，此余所希望于诸君者三也。3.下列著作中，作者为韩愈的是A.《壮悔堂文集》 B.《昌黎先生集》C.《震川先生集》 D.《樊川集》[答案]B[解析]课文中作者介绍的内容也是需要认真阅读掌握的知识内容。尤其是作家的主要代表作更需要掌握。《壮悔堂文集》：侯方域;《震川先生集》：归有光;《樊川集》：杜牧;韩愈自称郡望为昌黎，故世称韩昌黎。4.《先妣事略》一文中，“不忧米盐，乃劳苦若不谋夕”的人物是A.外祖 B.周孺人C.大姊 D.老妪[答案]B[解析]这是典型考核考生是否阅读课文的试题。先妣是周孺人;外祖不二日使人问遗。孺人不忧米盐，乃劳苦若不谋夕。5.杜甫《秋兴八首》的创作地点是A.夔州 B.长安 C.巩县 D.成都[答案]A[解析]掌握杜甫是在什么情况下写作的这首诗，掌握时代背景。
论点，论证的观点主张;论据，支撑论点成立的依据;论证方法，正面论证或者反面论证或者正反同时论证。
10.solution n. 解决办法 solve v. 解决 1）The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.（借贷只能暂时解决这个国家的经济困难。） 2）After a day's careful thought， he came up with a good solution. （经过一天的仔细考虑，他才想出一个好办法。） 3）We should work together on the solution of our national problems. （我们应该一起解决我们国家的问题。） 4）I really don't know how to solve the problem. （我真不知道如何解决这个问题。） 5）They found a new way of solving the problem. （他们找到了解决这个问题的新办法。） （请注意用solution这个名词时，通常用a solution to a problem表示“问题的解决办法。”。） 11.adapt v. 使适应，使适合；改写 1）We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. （我们应该使自己的思想适应新的情况。） 2）Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment. （一些动物改变它们的习性以适应环境。） 3）Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style？ （你能使你的思想适应新的生活方式吗？） 4）They adapt a novel for the screen. （他们把小说改编为电影。） 请注意adapt 和adopt的区别，adopt意为“采用；收养”。 1）They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. （他们准备采用新的养蚕技术。） 2）A little girl was adopted into the family. （一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。） 12. perfect adj. 完美的；完全的 v. 使完美，改善 1）He speaks perfect English. （他说一口地道的英语。） 2）The actor is perfect for the part. （由这位演员担任这一角色再理想不过了。） 3）He is in perfect health. （他身体十分健康。） 4）He is a perfect stranger. （他是个完全陌生的人。） 5）They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. （他们决定把儿子送到英国去提高他的英语水平。） 13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 accept v. 接受 1）This proposal is acceptable to all. （这个建议大家都能接受。） 2）Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. （汤姆在测验中的分数尚可。） 3）Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. （别以为在电视上看到的一切都是真实的。） 4）I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. （我没指望他接受我的建议。） 5）The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. （这个计划受到了人们的普通欢迎。） 6）He nodded in delighted acceptance. （他愉快地点头表示赞同。） 14. evidence n. 发现；（调查或研究）结果；根据 evident adj. 明显的 1）Do you have any evidence for this statement？ （你这样说有任何根据吗？） 2）There are evidences that somebody has been living here. （迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。） 3）It is evident that we do not understand each other. （显然，我们彼此不了解。） 4）He spoke with evident disappointment. （他带着明显的失望说话。） 5）We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best. （我们有充分的证据说明他们的工作是的。） 15. determine v. 决定；确定 determined adj. 下决心的 determination n. 决心；结论 1）He has determined on a course of action. （他已决定了行动计划。） 2）The police wanted to determine all the facts. （警察想查明全部事实。） 3）His father is determined to quit smoking. （他父亲决心戒烟。） 4）He made his determination after he read the test report. （他在看了化验报告后下了结论。） 5）Mr. Smith is a man of determination. （史密斯先生是个有决断力的人。） 16. growth n. 生长 grow v. 生长 1）The growth in tourism is really astonishing. （旅游业的发展实在令人惊异。） 2）The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems. （世界人口的迅速发展带来了越来越多的问题。） 3）His hair has grown too long. （他的头发长得太长了。） 4）Friendship grew between them. （他们之间产生了友情。） 5）You will grow used to it. （你会渐渐对此习惯的。） 本课主要构词法 Affixation 词缀法 1. 形容词后缀 -able disagreeable acceptable 2. 副词后缀 -ly scientifically previously entirely frequently 3. 名词后缀 -ion imagination solution 4. 反义词前缀 un- unknown unpleasant 本课简介 在“Scientific Attitudes”这篇课文中，作者指出科学始于人类对周围环境的疑问。当人类具有去伪存真的能力时，科学也开始迅猛发展。好奇和想像是有助于推动科学发现和发展重要素质。作者还认为具有科学头脑的人相信“因果”关系。任何现象的存在必有原因，只是有些尚未被发现。思想开放、无偏见；尊重别人的观点；凡事以事实为依据都是科学的态度。 人物背景 1.Benjamin Franklin：富兰克林（1706－1790年），美国政治家及科学家。美国18世纪名列华盛顿后的最的人物，参加起草独立宣言。在科学方面进行过有名的电实验，并对电做了理论说明。只受过极短的正规教育，全靠勤奋自学成才。法国经济学家杜尔哥颂扬他“从天空抓到雷电，从专制统治者手中夺回权力”。 2.Thomas Edison：爱迪生（1847－1931年），美国发明家。技术历史中显著的天才之一，拥有白炽灯、留声机、电影放映机等1093种发明专利，还创办了世界上第一个工业研究实验室。 3.Galileo：伽利略（1564－1642年），意大利物理学家及天文学家。对现代科学思想的发展作出过重大贡献。最早用望远镜观察天体，并曾用大量事实证明地球环绕太阳转，否定地心说。 4.Louis Pasteur：巴斯德（1822－1895年）法国化学家及微生物学家。证明发酵及传染病是微生物引起的，创始并首先应用疫苗接种以预防狂犬病、鸡霍乱等，挽救了法、英等国的养蚕业和啤酒业。 5.Edward Jenner：金纳（1749－1823年），英国医生，牛痘接种法创始人。历经周折使牛痘接种法得以公认，并传播到欧美大陆及全世界，使天花的病死率大为下降。
16.indifferent adj. 冷漠的，不关心的 indifference n. 冷漠 1）If parents are indifferent to their success， children will fail to make progress. （如果父母漠视孩子的成功，孩子就不会进步。） 2）He is absolutely indifferent to other people's miseries. （他对别人的痛苦漠不关心。） 3）He put on an air of indifference. （他摆出了一副满不在乎的神气。） 4）She was annoyed by her son's indifference to her. （她儿子对她的冷漠态度令她恼怒。） 17.discipline n. 纪律，训练；学科v. 训练；使有纪律；惩罚 1）The discipline of hard work would do you a lot of good. （艰苦工作的磨练会对你大有好处。） 2）The young teacher couldn't keep discipline in her classroom. （那个年轻的教师无法维持课堂秩序。） 3）Scientists of many disciplines would work together to solve the problem. （许多学科的科学家们将一道来解决这个问题。） 4）They must learn to discipline themselves. （他们必须学会锻炼自己。） 5）He was disciplined for being late. （他因迟到而受罚。） 18.individual n. 个人，个体adj. 个别的，单独的；独特的 1）The freedom of the individual was greatly emphasized in his talk. （他在讲话中十分强调个人的自由。） 2）Handwriting varies from individual to individual. （每个人的笔迹都不相同。） 3）Each individual leaf on the tree is different. （树上的每一片叶子都各不相同。） 4）There was nothing individual about him except a deep scar across his right cheek.（他除了右脸颊有条深疤外别无特征。） 本课简介 在人类共同生活的社会里有一些共认的社会准则，这些准则为大多数人所接受。如果你不能遵循这些准则，你则会被看作为一个缺少文明礼貌举止的人。善待他人，尊重他人能给我们带来一种优势，而这种优势会帮助我们成功。正因为如此，我们应该学会在看电影时保持安静；在点燃香烟前征得他人同意；注意选择接听移动电话的场合；与老师交谈时摘下随身听的耳机；满口含着食物时不随意开口讲话；该尊称他人时不随性而为乱称呼……。这些看似不重要的小节恰恰是最能反映一个人的社会公德的。 本课主要语言点 1. Unless you want to end a relationship， you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this. unless在本句中的意思是“if not” （除非，如果不），如： 1）You will fail the exam unless you study harder. （你若不更加努力学习，考试会不及格。） 2）We will go on with the experiment unless something unforeseen happens. （如果不发生意外，我们将继续试验。） 3）I will not go to the party unless he invites me. （如果他不邀请我，我就不去参加聚会。） 4）Nothing， unless a miracle， can save him. （除非出现奇迹，他无法得救。） end在本句中用作动词，意思是“结束”。如： 1）The meeting did not end until midnight. （会议开到半夜才结束。） 2）The anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. （抗日战争于1945年结束。） 3）He refused to end his four-week tour in such a manner. （他不愿以这种方式结束为期四周的旅行。） 2. Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps， yawning when a golfer tells you about what great shot he made… are all things that educated people try not to do. 本句中三个并列的动名词短语做主语，整个句子是一个“主语+系动词+表语”的句型。如： 1）Smoking is not good for your health. （吸烟有害你的健康。） 2）Making experiment is one way of learning. （实验是学习的一条途径。） be impressed by 意思是“给…深刻印象”。如： 1）I was impressed by his talent. （他的才干给我留下了深刻的印象。） 2）He was impressed by the gorgeous sunset. （绚丽的夕阳给他留下了深刻的印象。） golfer意思为“高尔夫球运动员”，这个词是由golf加后缀-er构成的，英语中这一类词很多。如：baker （面包师傅），gardener （园丁），miller （磨坊主），singer （歌唱家），user （使用者。） 1）He tried not to let out the secret. （他试图不泄露秘密。） 2）We tried not to be misled by them. （我们努力不被他们误导。） 3. There are no laws enforcing respect. 本句是一个There be + noun + V-ing 结构，表示存在（有），there失去表示场所的意义。如： 1）There was a fire burning in the fireplace. （壁炉里火在燃烧。） 2）There were two bulldozers knocking the place flat. （两台推土机把那儿夷平。） 句中的enforce是一个及物动词，意思是“实施；强制”。如： 1）It is necessary to enforce discipline in the army. （在部队里执行纪律是必要的。） 2）He strongly objected to enforcing obedience on children. （他强烈反对强迫儿童服从。） 4. These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable and what they consider unacceptable. represent在本句中做及物动词用，意思是“代表；体现”。如： 1）The blue lines on the map represent rivers. （地图上的蓝线代表河流。） 2）These views don't represent the real thinking of the local residents. （那些观点并不反映当地居民的真实思想。） 句中what引导的是宾语从句，如： 1）I will always remember what my mother said to me before I went to college.（我将永远记住我上大学前妈妈对我说的话。） 2）I didn't see what they were doing there. （我没看见他们在那儿干什么。） 3）His idea couldn't represent what the ordinary people really liked.（他的想法不能代表普通百姓真正所喜欢的东西。） consider是一个常用动词，通常有以下几种用法： 1）consider + 宾语 He had no time to consider the matter. （他没有时间考虑这件事。） 2）consider + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 Some people considered the attack a mistake. （有人认为那次进攻是个错误。） 3）consider + that 从句 We consider that the young man is not guilty. （我们认为那个年轻人无罪。） 4）consider + V. + ing He considered changing his job. （他考虑换一份工作。） 5）consider to be/as They consider themselves to be very lucky. （他们认为自己很幸运。） He is considered to be an authority. （他被认为是权威。） They considered the house as beautiful. （他们认为那房子很美。） 在上面的三个例句中，to be和as都可以被省略，因此三例句可以改写为： They consider themselves lucky. He is considered an authority. They consider the house beautiful. 5. They are not even aware that this habit will bother the other members of the audience. aware这个形容词很常用，需好好掌握，在第十二单元中我们已经接触过这个词，在此再巩固一下。 1）be aware of If you were aware of all that， you would change your mind. （如果你知道了那一切，你会改变主意的。） 2）be aware that He was aware that he had drunk too much. （他知道他喝的太多了。） bother在本句中做动词用，意思是“打扰”。在bother后用不定式则表示“费心去做某事”。如： 1）Don't bother me， I have to finish the work in an hour. （别打扰我，我得在一小时内做完这个工作。） 2）Don't bother to talk to him. He has no interest in anything. （别费心跟他讲话，他对什么都没兴趣。） audience （观众，听众）当一个整体看待，用做单数；当各成员看待，用做复数。如： 1）The audience was （were） enjoying the performance. （观众在欣赏演出。） 2）That book has a large audience. （那本书有广大的读者。）
Text A scientific attitudes 本课主要单词 1.attitude n. 姿势，姿态；态度，看法 1）The plane was in a nose-down attitude. （飞机处于俯冲姿态。） 2）They decided to take an attitude of wait and see to/toward the new policy. （他们决定对新政策采取观望态度。） 3）We should adopt a correct attitude about tests. （对考试我们应抱正确的态度。） 2.environment n. 环境，周围状况，自然环境 1）A child can easily adjust to changes in the environment. （孩子很容易适应环境的变化。） 2）They promised to provide us a good environment for work and rest. （他们许诺为我们提供良好的工作或休息环境。） 3）Science offers us total mastery over environment and over our destiny. （科学赋予我们控制环境掌握命运的能力。） 4）He grew up in an environment of poverty. （他在贫穷的环境中长大。） environmental adj. 环境的 environmental protection 环境保护 environmental pollution 环境污染 environmental biology 环境生物学，生态学 environmental engineer 环境工程师 3.curiosity n. 好奇（心） curious adj. 好奇的；离奇古怪的 1）He walked to the silent old man out of curiosity. （出于好奇，他向那位沉默寡言的老人走去。） 2）She showed great curiosity about my past. （她对我的过去显示出莫大的好奇。） 3）Children are curious about everything. （儿童对什么都感到好奇。） 4）Not long after they left， a curious thing happened. （他们走后不久，一件古怪的事情发生了。） 4.imagination n. 想像，想像力；幻觉；应变能力imagine v. 想像；料想 1）He is a writer of rich imagination. （他是一个富有想像力的作家。） 2）No one moved in the bushes， it was only your imagination. （没人在树丛里走动，只是你的幻觉而已。） 3）Due to his lack of imagination， he just didn't know what to do next. （由于缺少应变能力，他不知道下一步该怎么办。） 4）It is hard to imagine life with electricity. （很难想像没有电，生活会是怎样。） 5）I imagine he will come tomorrow. （我料想他明天会来。） 请注意区别下面三个形容词imaginative，imaginary，imaginable 1）It is an imaginative tale. （这是个虚构的故事。） 2）The teacher is waiting for imaginative answer. （老师正等待着具有丰富想像力的回答。） 3）The equator is an imaginary circle around the earth. （赤道即假想的环绕地球的大圆。） 4）an imaginary enemy （假想敌） 5）They said they would save the patient by every means imaginable. （他们说他们会用尽一切想得出的方法抢救病人。） （imaginable 常与级形容词或all，every，only等连用，放在被修饰的名词的后面。） 5.apart adv. 分离，分开 1）The two schools are 20 miles apart. （两校相距20英里。） 2）I cannot tell these two things apart. （我无从区分这两件东西。） 3）Apart from what he mentioned just now， there are some other causes for the failure. （除了他刚才提到的，还有一些其他的失败原因。） 4）He took the machine apart to see what was wrong. （他把机器拆开，看看出了什么毛病。） 6.stimulate v. 刺激，激励 stimulation n. 刺激，激励 1）Praise stimulated the students to make greater efforts. （表扬激励学生作更大的努力。） 2）Exercise stimulates the flow of blood. （锻练促进血液循环。） 3）TV， if properly used， can stimulate a child's imagination. （电视如果使用适当能激发孩子的想像力。） 4）The intention of lowering interest rates is to stimulate the economy and develop industries. （降低利率的打算是为了刺激经济，发展工业。） 5）Young children needs stimulation. （年幼的孩子需要激励。） 7.regardless adj. 不留心的，不注意的adv. 不顾，不惜 1）He crushed the bloom with regardless tread. （他毫不在意一脚践踏了鲜花。） 2）There may be difficulties but I shall carry on regardless. （可能会遇到种种困难，但不管怎样，我将继续干下去。） 3）I'm buying the book， regardless of the cost. （不管价钱如何，我都打算买下那本书。） 请注意区别regardless of 和in spite of 1）The plane will take off， regardless of the weather. （不管天气好坏，飞机都将起飞。） 2）The plane took off in spite of the bad weather. （尽管天气不好，飞机还是起飞了。） 8.disagreeable adj. 让人不愉快的，不合心意的；难相处的 disagree v. 不同意；不符；不适宜 1）She is disagreeable towards me. （她对我不友好。） 2）This medicine has a very disagreeable smell. （这药有一股很难闻的气味。） 3）I disagree with you on that point. （在那一点上我跟你意见不同。） 4）The damp weather disagrees with me. （潮湿的天气使我不舒服。） 9.failure n. 失败；变弱 fail v. 失败；变弱；使失望 1）His plans ended in failure. （他的计划以失败告终。） 2）The power failure caused heavy losses. （供电中断造成严重的损失。） 3）His carelessness resulted in his failure of the exam. （他的粗心致使他考试不及格。） 4）I failed in persuading him. （我没能说服他。） 5）His eyesight is failing. （他的视力在衰退。） 6）His courage failed him. （他失去了勇气。）
Unit1 Text A How to be a successful language learner？ 本课主要单词 1. successful adj. 成功的 He is a successful writer. （他是一个有成就的作家。） He hopes he will be successful this time. （他希望他这次能够成功。） success n. 成功 Their film is a great success.（他们的影片很成功。） We are sure of success. （我们一定能成功。） succeed v. 成功 I succeeded in getting the job. （我成功地得到了这份工作。） She succeeded in passing the exam. （她考试及格了。） 2. adult adj. & n. 成年的，成熟的；成年人 These adult films are not suitable for children.（这些成人电影，儿童不宜观看。） Don''t worry too much about him， he is an adult now.（别为他过分担心，他是成年人了。） 3. disagree vi. 有分歧，不同意；不符，不一致 agree vi. 同意 I disagree with you about this.〔对于这件事，我跟你的意见不同。〕 These figures disagree with last week''s results.（这些数据与上周的结果不符。） I agree with what you said. （我同意你所说的。） She agreed to the plan.（她赞成这个计划。） We haven''t agreed on the date of the meeting.（我们还没商定会议的日期。） agreement n. 同意；协议 disagreement n. 不同意 We haven''t reached an agreement yet.（我们还没达成协议。） There was no disagreement， and the proposal was accepted.（没有不同意见，这个建议被接受了。） （请注意：前缀dis-通常可以加在动词，名词，形容词前面，构成反意词。例如：dissatisfy，disorder，disable. 后缀-ment加在动词的后面，构成名词。例如：arrangement，argument 等。） 4. statement n. 声明，陈述 （由动词state 加名词后缀-ment构成） Very soon he made his first public statement about the affair. （他很快就此事件首次发表公开声明。） Do you believe the witness''s statement？ （你相信证人的陈述吗？） （请注意动词与名词的搭配：issue a statement， make a statement） 5. guarantee n. & v. 保证，担保，保修 He gave his guarantee that he would repay the money as soon as he could.（他保证他会尽快还钱。） The washing machine is guaranteed for five years.（这台洗衣机保用5年。） （请注意guarantee做动词的用法：guarantee sth.，guarantee that， guarantee against / from ） 6. intelligent adj. 聪明的，明智的 He made an intelligent decision.（他做出了明智的决定。） Human beings are much more intelligent than animals.（人类远比动物聪明。） Intelligence n. 聪明，智力 She prided herself on her intelligence.（她为自己的聪明感到自豪。） Intelligently adv. 聪明地，明智地 They dealt with the problem intelligently.（他们明智地处理了这个问题。） 7. conversely adv. 相反地 Some are wealthy but unhappy； conversely， others are happy but not wealthy. （有的人富有但不快乐，相反，另一些人快乐但不富有。） converse adj. 相反的 I hold the converse opinion.（我的观点相反。） converse v. 交谈，谈话 He felt it difficult to converse with Helen in English.（他觉得跟海伦用英语交谈很困难。） 8. similar adj. 相似的，类似的 The two animals are similar to each other in appearance.（这两只动物外表很相似。） similarity n. 相似，类似 Their differences are more noticeable than their similarities.（他们的不同之处比相同之处更明显。） 9. independent adj. 独立的，自主的 （这个词的词根是depend，在depend的后面加上后缀 -ent可以构成形容词，加上 -ence则可以构成名词；在dependent，dependence前面加上前缀 in- 又可以构成反义词。） depend v. 依靠，依赖 dependence n. 依靠，依赖 dependent adj. 依靠的，依赖的 independence n. 独立，自主 India won its independence in 1947.（印度于1947年赢得了独立。） 10. clue n. 线索，提示 The police searched all the houses but found no clues.（警察搜索了所有的房屋，但是没有发现任何线索。） （注意用法：find /give a clue to sth.） 11. conclusion n. 结论，推论 conclude v. 断定，决定 （注意用法：come to a conclusion，jump at a conclusion，draw a conclusion，reach a conclusion） What conclusions did you come to？（你得出了什么结论？） 12. communicate v. 交流，交际，通讯 communication n. 交流，通讯 communicative adj. 爱说话的 To communicate with him is no easy job， as he is not a communicative person.（他是一个不爱说话的人，与他交流可不容易。） Speech and writing are man''s most important methods of communication.（说和写是人类最重要的交流方式。） 13. inexact adj. 不正确的，不精确的 与independent一样，该词是由形容词 exact加前缀in- 构成的。 14. incomplete adj. 不完整的 complete adj.& v. 完整的；完成 This is an incomplete sentence， please add the omitted part and make it complete. 〔这是一个不完整的句子，请加上省略的成分使其完整。〕 I don''t think I can complete the work in 2 hours. 〔我想我在两小时内干不完这活。〕 15. purpose n. 目的，意图，用途 purposeful adj. 有目的的，有意图的 purposefully adv. 有目的地，蓄意地 The purpose of the meeting was to discuss his proposal.〔会议的目的是讨论他的建议。〕 He let out the information purposefully to you.〔他有意向你透露了这个消息。〕 16. regularly adv. 经常地，定期地 regular adj. 经常的，定期的 irregular adj. 不规则的，无规律的 If you review your lessons regularly， you will do well on tests. 〔如果你定期复习功课，就能在考试中取得好成绩。〕 17. technique n. 技术，技巧，手艺 Good study techniques help him to be one of the straight A students in his class. 〔良好的学习技巧使他成为班上的全优生之一。〕 18. outline v.& n. 概括；大纲，提纲；轮廓 He listened carefully as I outlined my reasons.〔在我简述我的原因时，他认真地听着。〕 The English teacher asked us to write a brief outline of the story. 〔英语老师让我们写这篇故事的概要。〕 He saw the outline of the house in the moonlight.（在月光下，他看到了那座屋子的轮廓。） 本课主要词缀 1. 名词后缀 -ment agreement， statement 2. 名词后缀 -ation， -ion， -sion communication， completion， conclusion 3. 名词后缀 -ity similarity， regularity 4. 名词后缀 -ence intelligence， independence 5. 形容词后缀 -ful successful， purposeful 6. 副词后缀 -ly conversely， regularly， purposefully 7. 反义词前缀 in inexact， incomplete， independent 8. 反义词前缀 dis disagree， discover 本课简介 How to Be a Successful Language Learner 是一篇典型的说明文。此类文章通常以逻辑顺序安排材料，作者要回答HOW或WHY方面的问题。在说明文的阅读与写作中，要注意抓主题句以及使文章内容启承转合的常用词句。 本课中，作者从一句引言入手，先谈了人们对语言学习的看法，然后阐述了自己对学好语言的看法。文章条理十分清楚，对我们学写说明文很有帮助。 本课语言点 1. Learning a language is easy. 这是一个 主语＋动词＋表语 （SVP）句型。句中learning a language为动名词短语，在句子中做主语。再如： Forgetting the past means betrayal.（忘记过去就意味着背叛。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 阅读英语比讲英语容易。 （Reading English is easier than speaking it.） 2） 集邮是我弟弟的爱好。（Collecting stamps is my little brother''s hobby.） 2. Even a child can do it. even在句中作副词用，加强语气，表示“甚至（…也），连（…都）”。如：He even didn''t trust his best friend.（他甚至不信任他的朋友。） 请注意even与 even if / though的区别并翻译下面的句子： 1） 这个我连听都没听过。（I haven''t even heard of it.） 2） 即使花了数天时间复习，他也没能考好。（He didn''t do well in the exam even though he spent days reviewing.） 3. Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. 句中who are learning a second language为定语从句，修饰先行词most adults，再如： The man who wrote this book is a teacher.（写这本书的人是一位教师。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 穿蓝色夹克的那个男孩是我们的班长。 （The boy who is in a blue jacket is our monitor.） 2） 你昨天借给我的那本书很有趣。 （The book that you lent me yesterday is very interesting.） 句中的would是助动词，表示“可能”，“（将）会”。例如： A picnic without you wouldn''t be fun.（野餐没你参加会很没意思。） 助动词would的用法很多，概括起来主要有如下几种： 1） 表示过去将来时：I felt confident that everything would be all right. 2） 表示意愿：I asked him not to do it， but he wouldn''t listen to me. 3） 表示习惯性：Every evening， we would go for a walk along the river. 4） 表示虚拟，假设，条件：If you had come earlier， you would have seen him. 5） 表示婉转地请求或建议：Would you look after my cat while I am away？
3. Diamonds are made from carbon. 由……制成，可以用be made from和be made of两个词组来表达。但是be made from通常指制成品已看不出原材料是什么，而be made of可以看出该物品由什么材料制成的。如： 1） Paper is made from some plants. （纸是由某些植物制成的。） 2） This beer is made from grain. （这种啤酒是用粮食酿制的。） 3） The houses were made of brick. （这些房屋是砖造的。） 4） This toy is made of cotton. （这个玩具是布做的。） 4. Scientists know that the combination of extreme heat and pressure changes carbon into diamonds. extreme在句中做形容词用，意思是“极度的”，如： 1） Extreme cold can wake a hibernating animal. （极度的寒冷能使正在冬眠的动物苏醒。） 2） They will have to endure extreme discomfort in winter. （冬天时，他们将不得不忍受极度的不适。） change…into意思是“把…转变为…”，如： 1） Water changes into vapour when heated. （水加热后转变为蒸气。） 2） Go to the bank and you can easily change these dollars into RMB. （你去银行就能很容易地把这些美元换成人民币。） 5. Such heat and pressure exist only in the hot， liquid mass of molten rock deep inside the earth. 请注意such与so之间的不同用法。such后面接名词，而so后面接形容词或副词。如： 1） I don't believe he could make such a mistake. （我相信他不会犯这样的错误的。） 2） How can you go out on such a rainy day？ （在这样的雨天里，你怎么能出门？） 3） He spoke so fast that I couldn't follow. （他说话太快，我听不懂。） 4） I'm so glad you could come. （你能来我真高兴。） mass在本句中的意思是“（聚成一体的）团、块”，比如： 1） a mass of hot air（一团热气） 2） a mass of sand（一堆沙） 3） Rain occurs when a mass of warm air is laden with water. （一团云聚集大量的水蒸气就形成了雨。） Mass也可以做形容词用，意思是“群众的”、“大量的”，如： 1） a mass meeting （群众大会） 2） mass education （大众教育） 3） mass media （大众传媒） 4） Mass production could very well cut the cost. （大规模生产可以降低成本。） 6. It is thought that millions of years ago this liquid mass pushed upward through cracks in the earth's crust. It is thought that…是一个很常用的句型，类似的句型在英语中很多，比如： 1） It is / was， has been…， reported that… 2） It is / was， has been…， stated that… 3） It is / was， has been…， pointed out that… 4） It is / was， has been…， mentioned that… 5） It is / was， has been…， believed that… 7. A. There are only four areas where very many diamonds have been formed. B. The first known area was in India， where diamonds were found thousands of years ago. 定语从句可分为限定性定语从句和非限定性定语从句。A句是限定性定语从句，B句是非限定性定语从句。A、B两句中都是用关系副词where来引导定语从句，修饰表示地点的名词。请看下面的句子，注意限定性定语从句一般不用逗号隔开： 1） Is there a shop around where we can get some fruit？ （附近有什么商店可以买到水果吗？） 2） This is the place where we met yesterday. （这是我们昨天碰头的地方。） 3） The small town， where he once worked， has turned to be a modern city. （他曾经工作过的那座小城，已经变成现代化的城市了。） 8. In the 1600's…（十七世纪） In the 1720's…（十八世纪二十年代） In the 1800's…（十九世纪） 请注意年代的表达方法，以上的年代也可以表达为in the 1600s； in the 1720s； in the 1800s.如果我们要表达“在十七世纪初（中、末）期”，则可以说in the early（mid， late） 1600's/1600s. 9. Diamonds became very popular with the kings and queens of Europe. become / be popular with / among是一个常用词组，意思是“受…欢迎”，请看下面的句子： 1） These Chinese handicrafts are very popular with foreign friends. （这些中国工艺品很受外国朋友的喜爱。） 2） His novels are popular among young people. （他的小说很受年轻人的喜爱。） 3） Classical music is popular among more and more people. （古典音乐受到越来越多的人的喜爱。） 10. India's supply of diamonds was finally running out after 2，500 yeas of mining the stones. Supply在句子中做名词用，意思是“供应”。Supply常常可以做动词用，意思是“供给，提供”。请看下面的句子： 1） Economic stability can be reached if demand and supply are in balance. （如果供求关系平衡的话，就能实现经济的稳定。） 2） Many materials are in short supply. （许多材料供应不足。） 3） The increasing world population will put a strain on food supply. （不断增长的世界人口将对粮食供应带来重负。） 4） You have to supply him with an answer. （你得给他提供一个答案。） 5） Most towns are supplied with tap-water and electricity. （大多数城镇都有自来水和电力供应。） run out是一个常用词组，意思是“用完，用尽”。请看例句： 1） Time is running out. We have to hurry. （时间快到了，我们得快点。） 2） My patience is running out. （我快要耐不住了。） 3） His luck seemed to have run out. （他的好运似乎结束了。） 我们也可以用run out来表达类似的意思，但run out of的主语应该是“某人”。如： 1） They have run out of money， so they have to find a job. （他们钱用完了，所以得找一份工作。） 2） I have run out of ink. （我的墨水用完了。） 11. People would pick up handfuls of gravel from the bottom of the streams and sort out the diamonds. -ful通常加在名词后面，构成形容词，如care-careful，help-helpful.而本句中的handful是一个名词，意思是“一把”，在单词部分，我们已经提到过，英语中有不少这样的词，如： 1） He gave me a basketful of beaches. （他给了我满满一篮子桃子。） 2） She put a spoonful of salt in the soup. （她往汤里撒了满满一勺盐。） 3） Tom is carrying an armful of books. （汤姆抱着一捆书。） sort out是一个常用词组，意思是“整理，分类”，如： 1） Sort out those of bigger size and put them in a box. （把大点的整理出来，放在盒子里。） 2） It took quite a while to sort out all our luggage. （把我们所有的行李整理好花了不少时间。） bottom在句子中做名词用，意思是“底部”。bottom还有“尽头、末端”的意思。请看例句： 1） There is some deposit in the bottom of the teapot. （茶壶底部有些沉淀物。） 2） At the bottom of the mountain， there is a beautiful village. （在山脚下有个美丽的村子。） 3） I felt grateful to you from the bottom of my heart. （我衷心地感谢你。） 4） Bottoms up. （干杯。） 12. These diamonds were probably carried from where they were formed to India by great sheets of moving ice that covered parts of the earth 20，000 years ago. where they were formed是where引出的名词性从句，作介词from的宾语。请看下面的句子： 1） He didn't say anything about where the accident took place. （他对事故在哪儿发生的只字未提。） 2） She hasn't made up her mind as to where she should go for the holiday. （她还没有决定到哪儿去度假。）
自考本科英语二非常重要的考试科目，学习英语最重要的是背单词，背语法。下位小编为大家整理了50个自考英语二的高频知识点，考生可以参考。自考英语二语法知识点整理一、动词短语搭配1. be fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式[1] He's fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。[2] Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗？[3] He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。2. hunt for = look for 寻找 hunt for a job 找工作3. in order to/so as to两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语， in order to可放于句首， so as to则不能， 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.[1] He went to Beijing in order to/so as to attend an important meeting.[2] In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他， 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。4. care about[1] 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care forShe doesn't care about money.她不喜欢钱。[2] 关心 = care forShe thinks only of herself. She doesn't care about other people. 她只考虑自己。不关心别人。[3] 在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry. 她教三门科目，像物理、化学。6. drop a line 留下便条， 写封短信7. make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。8. stay up 不睡；熬夜[1] I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。[2] He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。9. come about 引起；发生；产生[1] How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？[2] They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。10. except for 除……之外[1] except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。②We go there everyday except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。[2] except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：①Except for oneold lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。②Your picture isgood except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。[3] 但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：He answered all the questions except for the last one.[4] 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。11. end up with 以……告终；以……结束The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。12. more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上[1] I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他们没有。[2] Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。13. bring in 引进；引来；吸收[1] We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。[2] He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。14. get away（from） 逃离[1] The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。[2] I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。15. watch out （for）注意；留心[1] Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。[2] Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。16. see sb. off 给某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。17. on the other hand 另一方面； 用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说 on the one hand …… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面。I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。18. as well as 和/还 ， He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。19. take place 发生 take one's place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sb's place 或 take the place of 代替、取代20. on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。catch fire有动态的含意。set…on fire/set fire to…用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。Look, the theatre is on fire! Let's go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。21. on holiday 在度假，在休假中 When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。22. travel agency旅行社=travel bureau23. take off[1] 脱下（衣服等）， 解（除）掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。[2] （飞机）起飞 The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。[3] 匆匆离开 The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。24. go wrong v. 走错路， 误入岐途， （机器等）发生故障25. in all adv. 总共26. stay away v.外出27. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间） Look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查单词。相关词组：①look for 寻找；②look after照顾，照料；③look forward to期待；④look into调查；⑤look on旁观；⑥look out注意；⑦look out for注意，留心，提防；⑧look over翻阅，查看，检查；⑨look around环视；⑩look through翻阅，查看。28. run after 追逐，追求 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。29. on the air 广播[1] We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。[2] This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。30. think highly/well/much of对……评价很高， 赞赏， 对……印象好；think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好， 对……不在意， 不赞成， 觉得……不怎么样[1] He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。[2] I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。[3] I don't think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。31. leave out[1] 漏掉 You made a mistake—You've left out a letter “t”。你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.[2] 删掉， 没用 I haven't changed or left out athing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。32. stare at （由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）[1] 凝视，盯着看 Don't stare at foreigners. It's impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。[2] glare at （to stare angrily at）怒视着33. make jokes about 就……说笑 They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。[1] have a joke with … about…跟某人开关于某事的玩笑He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。[2] play a joke on…开某人的玩笑 We played jokes on each other. 我们互相开玩笑。[3] v. joke about 取笑They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英。34. take over 接管；接替；继承[1] What is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。[2] Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。35. break down[1] 破坏；拆散 ①Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。 ②The peace talks are said to have broken down. （喻）据说和谈破裂了。[2]（机器）损坏 ①Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。 ②The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。[3] 失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。[4] 精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。[5] 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。36. get on one's feet[1] 站起来；站起来发言[2] （=stand on one's feet）自立， 经济上独立[3] （人）病好了， 可以起床了； （使）恢复， 复苏（指企业）37. go through[1] 经历；经受；遭到 These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。[2] 完成；做完I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。[3] 通过；批准 ①The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项法案。②Their plans went through. 他们的计划得到了批准。[4] 全面检查；搜查 They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。38.take over 接管；接替；继承①what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。②Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。二、常考句型39. “So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。[1] He's tired, and so am I. （=I' m also tired.）[2] You can swim，and so can I.（=I can also swim.）She has had supper，and so can I.（=I've had lunch，too.）[3] Tom speaks English，and so does his sister.（=His sister speaks English，too.）A: I went to the park yesterday.B: So did I.（=I also went to the park yesterday.）40.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly, 表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。A：It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B：So it was.的确如此。（=Yes，it was.）A：You seem to like sports.B：So I do.（=Yes，I do.）A：It will be fine tomorrow.B：So it will.（=Yes ，it will.）41.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.（=I handed inmy composition on time.） 语文老师叫我按时交作文， 我照办了。42. So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……（的情况）也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。She doesn't play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.43. There you are. 行了，好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。[1] There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。[2] There you are! I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。44. have some difficulty （in） doing sth. 干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.[1] Do you have any difficulty （in） understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗？[2] She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。45. have a good knowledge of sth. “掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”[1] He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。[2] A good knowledge of languages is always useful.三、长难句46. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。[1] fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词aYou're sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。[2] make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”He looks very funny in his father's jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服，看上去很滑稽。47. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。四、常考语法48. 直接引语和间接引语[1] 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。（一般过去时改成过去完成时）I broke your CD player.→He told me he had broken my CD player.（现在完成时改成过去完成时）Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”→Jenny said she had lost a book.（一般将来时改成过去将来时）Mum said, “I'll go to see a friend.”→Mum said she would go to see a friend.（过去完成时保留原有的时态）He said, “We hadn't finished our homework.”→He said they hadn't finished their homework.注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。[2] 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”→Mary said her brother was and engineer.[3] 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：He said, “Can you run, Mike?”→He asked Mike whether/if he could run.[4] 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell（ask, order, beg等） （not） to do sth.”句型。如：“Pass me the water, please.”said he.→He asked him to pass her the water.[5] 直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：She said, “Let's go to the cinema.”→She suggested going to the cinema.或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.49. 现在进行时表将来的动作现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。[1] 用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。[2] 现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。① The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。② He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。[3] 用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。[4] 现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。① What are you doing next Friday?下星期五你们打算干什么？② The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。50. 主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like 等，谓语动词仍用单数。The teacher as well as his students is excited.报考考试有疑问、不知道如何考点内容、不清楚报考考试当地政策，点击底部咨询猎考网，免费获取个人学历提升方案：