自考本科词汇学名词解释

英语词汇学是什么 英语词汇学是全国高等教育自学考试英语语言文学专业本科段选修课程，是培养和检验自学能力应考者词汇学的基本理论知识和实际语言能力而设置的一门专业课程。主要内容 英语词汇学是以现代语言学理论为指导，以英语词汇为研究对象的课程。主要内容有词的基本知识，词的形态结构，词的构成方式，词的意义及语义关系，英语词汇的来源与发展，词义的变化，习语及词典知识。英语词汇学以传授英语词汇的基本理论和基本知识为任务，属于理论知识课。但是，其实践性很强，因为词汇本身是构成语言的具体材料，在传授理论的过程中必然要涉及丰富的语言材料和大量的词语例证。 设置本课程的目的要求：是自学应考者对英语词汇学具有比较系统，比较完整的知识，比较深入地了解英语词汇的现状及其历史演变过程，并能对现代英语词汇发展所出现的现象作出分析和解释，提高词语的理解，释义和综合运用的能力，以便毕业后能够较好地适应工作的需要。课程内容 Contents以下是内容概要（主干），其实在每一章含内容具体介绍（枝节）Chapter 1 Basic Concepts of Words and VocabularyChapter 2 The development of the English VocabularyChapter 3 Word Formation IChapter 4 Word Formation IIChapter 5 Word MeaningChapter 6 Sense Relations and Semantic FieldChapter 7 Changes in Word MeaningChapter 8 Meaning and ContextChapter 9 English IdiomsChapter 10English DictionariesSugegested AnswersReference Books英语词汇学术语英汉对照表该书其他情况介绍《英语词汇学》“English Lexicology"作者：主编： 张潍友组编：全国高等教育自学考试指导委员会出版社：外语教学与研究出版社 Foreign Language Teaching And Research Press资料来源：《英语词汇学》“English Lexicology" 主编：张潍友

英语词汇学，是一门基础理论与实践并重的课程。主要传授英语词汇学的有关基础理论和一些实际运用的知识，使学生通晓英语词汇的种类划分、词汇的历史演变、词的形态结构和构成方式、词的语义特征和理据、词汇之间的各种语义关系和变化、英语习语和词典等内容，了解英国英语和美国英语词汇的差别，掌握在语言实践中的常用词汇的运用方法与技能，以使学习者比较系统地掌握英语词汇的知识，深入地了解英语词汇的现状及其历史演变过程，并能对现代英语词汇发展的趋势和典型现象作出分析和解释，从而指导英语语言实践，提高运用英语的能力。

《英语词汇学》按全国自学考试指导委员会的计划已在全国正式启用。为了帮助自学人员更好地把握教材，抓住主要知识点，突出重点，解决难点，在没有教师的指导下，能在短时间内掌握教材内容，达到《英语词汇学自学考试大纲》（以下简称《大纲》）提出的要求，顺利通过考试，我们编写了《英语词汇学辅导》（以下简称《辅导》）一书。该书根据自考人员的需要设下述几大部分： 提要 主要知识点 教材译文 课文练习答案 补充练习 补充练习答案 “提要”，即提纲挈领的概述，提示主要内容，让读者了解每章的总体内容。“主要知识点”相当于《大纲》中的考点，列出这些知识点旨在指导读者阅读和自测。“教材译文”是为了帮助阅读教材。因为词汇学是一门理论知识课，涉及不少语言学知识和专业术语，读起来颇费力；再者，自学人员手头的语言工具书有限，课文中提供的例证很多，且查起来困难，有了汉语译文，这些问题都能迎刃而解。要说明的是，虽称“译文”，实则用汉语译写的，但保持了课文的原貌，且每个例句和例词都原原本本译出。如果读了教材后对某些章节仍然模糊不清，读了本书便清楚明白了。“课文练习答案”对课文中每一道练习题，包括思考题，都提供了参考答案。教材中只提供了实践题的参考答案，思考题无答案，《辅导》补充了这部分，并将其他答案一并列出，置于每章之后，以方便查阅。“补充练习”是在教材练习的基础上，根据《大纲》要求所作的补充，并附答案，旨在提高知识点的复现率，巩固学习内容。 此外，《辅导》还提供了2套单元自测试题和1套综合自测试题及答案。单元自测试题第1套检测1至5章的内容，第2套检测6至10章的内容，综合试题检测全书的内容。这样做的目的是复习巩固教材内容，同时进行一定的模拟训练。 《辅导》由《英语词汇学》的作者张维友教授主编，张纪英和赵树理两同志参与编写。张纪英负责第4、7章的汉译和第2、3、4、5、7章的练习答案和补充练习及答案；赵树理负责第6、8章的汉译，第6、7、9、10章练习答案和部分补充练习题及答案；单元自测题和综合自测题由两位同志分别承担。全书最后由张维友教授修改定稿。在编写过程中，得到教育部自学考试委员会自学指导服务中心和陈卫同志的支持和关心，在此表示忠心感谢。

自学考试英语专业本科段的考试科目很全面 包括文学选读很多知识 对考生的阅读和理解能力都有很大的帮助 当然 英语还是要说的好 用的好 英语专业本科 你可以直接到所在城市的自考办报名考试 你已经是大专毕业学生了 就有资格参加自考本科了 准备好你的照片和身份证及学历证书到自考办咨询就可以 英语专业本科段：高级英语 英语翻译 口译与听力 英语写作 英美文学选 现代语言学 英语词汇学 英语语法 还有二外和两个政治课：毛概和马政 最后是毕业论文 做好心里准备 英语可不是说着玩那么简单的 我最头疼的是语法和写作 关于其他的专业课程只要有一本读好了 其他的也就容易了 参考资料：

第一个!!! 你仔细看一下,应该对你有所帮助, 00602 口译与听力 南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0694） 一、考试说明 1．高级听力考试 1）高级听力考试为水平考试，考试方式为考生听录音磁带，同时答题目。答卷分试题和答题纸两部分。考试全长约70分种，其中前60分钟为考生听录音答题时间（具体时值以录音实际长度为准）。录音结束后，考生有10分钟额外的时间把答案誊写到答题卡上。 2）考试题型 高级听力考试共有四个部分（Section）。其中前两部分为客观题，形式为单项选择，即A、B、C、D四项中选一项。后两部分为主观题，形式为书面回答。总分值为50分。 3）题型说明 这一部分 简要新闻理解（14分） 这部分由7段简要新闻(news in brief)级成。主要为国际主要英语媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、MSNBC等的简要新闻报道。每段新闻相应在试题中有两个单项选择题。每段新闻的录音播放两遍，然后考生有30秒时间答题。 第二部分 详细报道理解（10分） 第一部分由两段较长的录音构成。形式不一，一般是国际主要英语媒体的对新闻事件的详细报道（news in detail），也可能是国外广播电视英语节目的节选。每段报道相应在试题中有五个单项选择题。每段报道录音播放两遍，然后考生有一分钟时间答题。 第三部分 详细报道内容摘要（20分） 这一部分由两段较长的录音构成，性质同第二部分相同。针对每一段录音，考试卷面上将给出有关该录音内容的两或三个关键词组，要求考生根据所听内容写出和关键词组相关的信息。录音播放两遍，每一遍后留有一分钟间隙供考生书写答案。 第四部分 听写（6分） 在这一部分考生将听到一篇150-200词的录音。录音的文字印在卷面，上面有六处空白，要求考生把空白处的文字听写出来。每个空的文字量5词左右。录音连续不间断地播放三遍。 2．口译考试 1）口译考试为水平考试。形式考官司面试。从考试的客观公平出发，每位考生必须同时接受至少两位考官司的测评。口译的内容事先录制在磁带上，届时为考生播放，考生做即席口译。 2）考试程序 口译考试分为两部分，汉译英和英译汉。 汉译英部分 汉译英部分分两个阶段进行。 第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句中文30字左右。内容涉及日常生活、外事安排、中国国情、中国文化等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。 第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播到尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。 英译汉部分 英译汉部分分两个阶段进行。 第一阶段是单句口译，总计15分。考生将听到4句话，每句英语30词左右。内容涉及日常生活、外国人在华生活、国际事务等。每一句的录音播放之后，考生应在30秒内译出该句。 第二阶段是段落口译，计10分。考生将听到1分钟左右的讲话录音。录音共播放两遍。第一遍不间断从头播至尾，第二遍录音播放时，在每一句播放过后考生有30秒时间口译该句。这一阶段的考试考生可以做笔记。 3）口译总体要求 全部或绝大部分信息被译出，译法准确得当，重点词汇翻译准确，语音地道，语流顺畅，基本上一次完成，允许有少许自然停顿。 三、学习方法 由于客观条件的限制，加上广大自考生不能像在校重建了样有很多时间投入到外语实践这一情况，学好“高级听力与口译”对他们来说有着相当的难度。高级听力和口译要求学习者有很大的语言输入和语言实践，仅仅依靠课本，显然是不够的。课本只是给学生提供了一个学习的框架，真正水平的提高要靠平时的自学。 要想提高听力理解能力，首先钉保证语言素材的大量输入。本科段的高级听力给考生提出了更高的要求，既在实践层次上的要求——听真实材料。考生不能把目光只盯在教科书上，翻来覆去地听课本所配磁带是不会有大长进的。尽管对绝大多数考生来说不存在平时使用英语的环境，但这并不是说就没有办法了。应该说虽然英语在中国的使用从总体来讲还是相当有限，但今天的改革开放和信息社会已经使英语无处不在。世界上主要媒体如BBC、VOA、CNN、NPR、CCTV-9等的播音节目都可能通过电视或互联网上获得。英语国家的大报如Washington Post、New York Times 等都在互联网上提供新闻广播或录象服务。国内目前有大量的各种英语原声杂志和琳琅满目的英语原版电影的DVD光盘。这些都是练习听力的上好原材料。在练习听的时候，要注意方法，讲求收效。练习听力要保持从材料中索取信息的兴趣和兴奋度，保证定时定量，把握难易度，根据不同的材料性质决定精听和泛听。听时最好有录音原文的文字稿，这样可以对照地学习，搞清楚是什么地方没有听懂，没有听懂的原因，这样才有所积累。才能逐步地提高听力水平。 在口译学习上，考生需要付出的劳动更多。口译是一种复杂的综合的语言技能，它对大多数英语学习者来说是陌生的，有挑战性的。练习口译注意抓住几个方面。一是英语水平的培养。口译几乎可以说是包括全部语言技能在内的一种综合技能。平时口译的机会很少，学习者可以多做一些笔译练习，打下扎实的外语语言基本功。经常注意英汉两种语言在表达法甚至两种文化在思维定势上的差异，逐渐摆脱中式英语，向地道的英语迈进。二是口译工作带有鲜明的时代特点。随着社会的发展，新的语汇和新的表达法不断地涌现，这就要求学习者在平时注意观察和积累。把对同一事件的中英文两种报道对照地学习，不失为一种好办法。三要注意口译工作自身的特点，即译员必须及时地且独立地完成口译。这就意味着掌握好准确性和灵活性的结合。实质性的内容性必须准无误地译出。而一些诗句、成语、俚语、俗语、个人习惯用语等则要灵活处理，译成对方文化易于理解的接受的内容。 四．考试指定教材 高级听力：《英语高级听力》，何其莘等编著，外语教学与研究出版社 口译：基础阶段《高级口译教程》，梅德明编著，上海外语教育出版社 提高阶段：《实用英汉汉英口译教程》，徐海铭 季海宏编著，南京师范大学出版社 第二个!!! 00593和00594 英语听力 -------------------------------------------------------------------------------- 南京师范大学编 （高纲号 0544） 课程内容及考核目标 一、课程内容 本课程的学习内容主要围绕本课程的指定教材《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2）。全书共36课，每课由三个部分组成。每一课的主要学习内容包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习等三个部分。 二、考核目标 本课程是一门训练听力的单项技能课，其考核目标为；听懂英语国家人士关于日常生活和社会生活的交谈以及难度相当于TOEFL中的Mini-talk等中等难度的听力材料，理解中心大意，抓住主要论点，并能就所给的材料进行问答、复述和讨论。 Ⅲ、有关说明与实施要求 一、关于课程内容和考试目标 以上列出的课程学习内容和考核目标，将作为考生学习和考试命题的主要依据。考生应围绕本课程的指定教材，按要求全面系统地学习和掌握全书每一课的主要学习内容。听力考试是对应试者英语听力技能的综合测试。考生应通过英语听力自学考试教材的学习和训练，完成教材中的练习，循序渐进地提高听力理解能力。考试命题范围将主要围绕教材里的训练技能，如辨音、单句理解、对话理解并回答问题、短文理解、获取住处及回答问题、短文理解及判断正误等。命题应根据考核目标来把握试题的知识能力层次和难易程度，题型从点到线到面，即从词汇、到单句、小对话、较长的对话、短文，从易到难，循序渐进。 二、关于自学教材和学习方法 本课程所指定的教材为《英语中级听力》（ Listen to This:2），何其莘等编，外语教学与研究出版社。 本课程包括生词表、文化背景注释和配套练习三个部分。考生学习时应事先熟悉生词表中列出的词汇，并阅读文化背景注释。书中某些课文含有根据上下文推测、记笔记和整理讲座提纲等学习方法训练的内容，还包括对这些练习的示范说明，考生在做这部分练习时应熟悉这些训练的目的和要求。此外，考生应处理好听力课与其他课程的关系。应该知道，除了多听录音、多做练习之外，对语音语调的正确把握、丰富的词汇和语汇、宽阔的文化背景知识面等，对于提高英语听力技能是极其重要的，而这些综合的语言知识和语言技能的学习和掌握，与其他课程（中英语口语、阅读、语法、写作、英语国家概况等）的学习是分不开的。 三、关于考试形式、内容和成绩评定 英语听力考试的形式是笔试。题型均为多项选择类的客观题。考试分五大部分。 第一部分：辨音。（占20％。共10题，每题2分。） 要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个读音类似的单词中找出一个录音句子中含有的单词。录音句子读两遍。 第二部分：单句理解（占20％。共20题，每题1分。） 要求考生听完一句录音后，从卷面上所给的四个句子中选出一句意思最为接近的句子。录音句子读两遍。 第三部分：对话理解、回答提问（占20％。共20题，每题1分。） 要求考生听完一男一女的两人小对话后，回答第三人的一句提问，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。对话及提问的录音放两遍。 第四部分：短文理解、回答提问（占20％。共10题，每题2分。） 要求考生听完一篇约200个单词的短文后，回答3－4个问题。问题列在卷面上，答案从卷面所提供的四个句子中选择。共三篇短文。短文录音放两遍。 第五部分；短文理解、判断正误（占20％。共10题，每题2分。） 要求考生听完一篇约600个单词的短文后，就短文内容判断10个句子的正误。10个句子均列在卷面上。短文录音放两遍。 整个听力考试约为60分钟。要求考生边听录音、边读试卷，同时在答题卡上做答。采用标准答体卡答卷，机器阅卷。满分为100分，60分为及格。 样题 一、试卷题型举例： STan dARD LISTEING TESTFOR SELF - TAUGHT STUDENTS IN JIANGSU PROVINCE GENERAL DIRECTIONS This is a test of your ability to understan d spoken English. It is divided into five sections. Each section of the test begins with a set of specific directions. Be sure you understan d what you are to do before you begin to work on a section. The tape will tell you when to strat each section an d when to go on to the next section. You must follow the recording all the time an d work quickly but carefully. Do not spend too much time on any one question. If you finish a section early, you may review your answer on that section only. You may not go on to the next section an d you may not go back to a section you have already worked on. You may find that some of the questions are more difficult than others,but you should try to answer every one. Your score will be based only on the number of questions you answer correctly. Therefore, if you are not sure of the answer to a question, make the best gues that you cna. It is to your advantage to answer every question, even if you have to guess the answer. Do no mark your answers in this TEST BOOK. You must mark all your answers on the separate ANSWER SHEET. Be careful to mark only one answer to each question. If you change your mind about an answer after you have marked it on the ANSWER SHEET, clear it completely withan eraser an d then mark your new answer. Section One Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear tensentences. Each sentence will be read twice an d it contains one of the four words given below. You must listen carefully an find out the word you hear in the sentence. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％) Here is an example: On the recording,you hear: The boy bit the man on the arm. In your test book you read: (A)beat (B)bit (C)bite (D)beast You learn from the speaker that the word in the sentence is(B),"bit".Therefore,the correct answer is(B).Now,let’s begin with NO.1 1.(A)cha rged (B)trained (C)challenged (D)changed 2.(A)called (B)cold (C)cooked (D)good 3.(A)exhaustion (B)extraction (C)exhibition (D)exhibit ... ... Section Two Directions:For each question in Section Two, you will hear a sentence in the form of a statement or a question. Each sentence will be spoken twice. When ou hear a sentence, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the chlosest interpretation of the statement or the best answer to the question you have heard. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen.(20％) 1.(A)The story is very enjoyable. (B)Is tha one of the stories? (C)I wonder which story it is. (D)Is that a wonderful story? 2.(A)The deans’ offices are located jus over the theater. (B)The dean is in the other office. (C)The offices are on the same floor as the theater. (D)The officers are on the stage. 3.(A)Laura had to take the cake upstairs. (B)Laura put on makeup before the exam. (C)Laura must take the test. (D)Laura knows the flag of every nation ... ... Section Three Directions: For each question in Section Three, you will hear a short conversation between two speakers. You will be given a question to answer about each conversation. Each conversation will be read twice. You must listen carefully to understan d what each speaker says. After you hear a conversation, read the four choices an d decide which of them is the best answer to the question. Then,on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％) 1.What does the woman mean? (A)The train will be heavily loaded. (B)The Capitol Building is made of stone. (C)The Capitol building is near the train station. (D)The train had already departed for Washington. 2.What does the man mean? (A)He doesn’t think they are allowed to speak. (B)He doesn’t know what’s happening outside. (C)He is only talking to himself. (D)He thinks it’s too noisy to talk now. 3.What does the man mean? (A)He can read for a long time when he’s interested. (B)He’s also amazed at how much he reads. (C)He reads the same amount as he woman does. (D)He finds it difficult to sit still to read. ... ... Secton Four Directions:In this section of the test, you will hear short talks an d converstations. After each talk or conversation, you will be given some question. Each talk or conversation will be read twice. You must read the questions an d the four possible answers carefully an d choose the best answer. Then, on your answer sheet, find the number of the question an d fill in the space that corresponds to the letter of the answer you have chosen. (20％) 1.What trouble did the pigeons have? (A)The cobra cheated them. (B)The cobra occupied their home. (C)They blst their valuable necklace. (D)The cobra often ate the pigeons’ young babies. 2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help? (A)A hare. (B)A snake. (C)A queen. (D)Their servant. 3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace? (A)Because it was too heave. (B)Because he wanted to trick the cobra. (C)Because he wanted to please the cobra. (D)Because he wanted the servants to run after him. 4.What is the point of this passage? (A)When you are in trouble, better to go an d ask a clever friend for help. (B)bathing with a necklace left on the shore is foolish. (C)It is better to be clever than strong. (D)It’s foolish to eat young pigeons. ... ... Section Five Directions: This section is designed to measure your comprehension of a passage. You are going to hear the passage twice. It will not be written out for you. Therefore,you must listen carfully in order to understan d the passage completely. After you hear the passage, read each statement in your test book an d decide whether it is TRUE or FALSE according to what you have heard on the tape. Then on your answer sheet, if it is TRUE find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"A";if it is FALSE, find the number of the question an d blacken the letter"B".Now, please get ready to listen to the passage.(20％) 1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area an d experienced hardships of life. 2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in Englan d. 3.Chaplin had the same dream as his parent’s------to be film stars. ... ... THIS IS THE END OF THE LISTENING TEST. 样题录音文字及标准答案： Section One 1.The controller cha rged Amy too much.(A) 2.Mike’s coffee was cold.(B) 3.His art was appreciated by the younger people at the exhibi- tion. (C) Section Two 1.What a wonderful story!(A) 2.On the floor above the theatre are the deans’ offices.(A) 3.Laura has to make up the examination.(C) Section Three 1.M.While I’m in Washington,I want to see the Capitol Building. W.You will. It’s only a stone’s thrown away from the train station. Q.What does the woman mean?(C) 2.W. I’m sorry. What did you say? M. Oh, nothing. I was just thinking out loud. Q. What does the man mean?(C) 3.W. How you can read so much in one sitting is amazing. M. When the subject is interesting enough, it’s easy. Q. What does the man mean?(A) Section Four Once upon a time a pair of pigeons were continually upset by a cobra. Every year the snake crawled into their home to eat the young pigeons before they learned to fly.They asked their clever friend, the hare, what to do. "Do not be disappointed,"he told them,"We cannot stop the cobra by force, as we are not strong enough. We will have to use craft to destroy that cruel beast. Just do what I tell you an d you will be safe." The pigeon then flew off to the river where a queen was bating, guarded by all her servants. He snatched up the most beautiful necklace left on the shore an d flew away just out of reach of the angry servants. Once they were running straight for the cobra’s home he flew quickly ahead an d settled at the window pretenfing not to know what to do. The cobra rushed towards the pigeon at once."Stupid pigeon," he thought. He only just managed to fly away, but dropped this valuable necklace in his haste."What will his wife say? Now I will be the most magnificent cobra in the world." However, no sooner had he put it on than the servants appeared an d killed him to take the expensive thing back. The year the pigeon’s family grew up healthy an d safe. Questions: 1.What trouble did the pigeons have?(D) 2.Whom did the pigeons go to for help?(A) 3.Why did the pigeon drop the necklace?(B) 4.What is! the point of this passage?(C) Section Five cha rles Chaplin In 1911, a penniless young man left Englan d for America. His future was uncertain, but he did not believe it could be worse than his past. He had grown up among the poor in London’s East End an d experience great poverty. His mother’s life had been so hard that she had finally gone mad. an d his father died of drink. Both parents had been on the stage an d lived in the hope that they would one day be "stars". Their son dreamed that he could succeed where they had failed. By 1914, his dream had come true. His name, cha rlie, was widely talked about in America. He was admired as the king of silent films. How did he reach the top of the film world an d make a huge success in such a short time? It was not at one single stroke. His early efforts to copy other famous stars at that time were a failure. However, he gradually began to develop the cha racter of a tramp, which is always connected with his name. He often borrowed ideas an d even "stole" most of his clothes from others, but he developed his own way to go with them. He used a black hat to pass secret messages, an d the walking stick allowed him to make fun of his enemies or to punish them from a distance. He got the idea for his famous walk from a London driver who had a wound in his foot. ... ... Questions: 1.Chaplin was born an d had grown up in London’s poor area an d experienced hardships of life.(A) 2.Chaplin’s parents had been successful actor an d actress in Englan d.(B) 3.Chapin had the same dream as his parent’s---- to be film stars.(A) (执笔：南京师范大学外国语学院 李霞 等)南师大有自考补习班的!你没找找??看有你英语专业的补习班还有你可以咨询一下这方面在师范大学的老师,我也在帮你找,这是能买到高级英语阅读教程的书,你看一下,我也不知道是不是,能不能买到,我再帮你查,查到英美文学选读的资料了,给你个网站你看一下