自考英语二试卷2021

第1段：员工有必要接受“再培训”。1、"Reskilling" is something 【 that sounds like a buzzword】   but is actually a requirement   {   if we plan to have a future   【 in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind】}   。在培训听上去是一个流行语，但如果我们希望未来的员工不被时代抛弃的话，这实际上是一个必要条件 。——“再培训”是员工进步的必要条件 2、 We know（that） {【we are moving into a period 】（where the jobs in demand will change rapidly）, as will the requirements of the jobs 【that remain】.}我们知道人们正在进入一个工作需求将发生迅速变化的时期，剩余岗位的需求也会很快改变。 —— 工作需求正发生迅速变化。 as引导方式状语，“就像”，后面倒装。正常语序是the requirements of the jobs that remain  will （change rapidly） 3、 ⭐ Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the"core skills" within job roles will change by 2022.   That is a very short timeline. 世界经济论坛发现42%的核心技能，赋予的工作角色将要被改变。在2022年世界经济论坛的研究发现，到2020年工作岗位中平均有42%的核心技能将发生改变。剩下的时间不多了。 ——通过世界经济论坛佐证，“员工需要新的工作技能” 第2段：谁来为员工“再培训”买单？ 1、The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. 这个问题谁来买单这个重塑技能是一个棘手的问题。 2、 ⭐ For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers 【whose skills are no longer in demand 】and replace them with those 【whose skills are.（省略 in demand） 】 对于个别公司来说，他们喜欢的做法总是抛弃那些技能不再有用的员工，取而代之的是那些具备符合要求技能的员工。 3、（转折句）That does not always happen.  这也不经常发生。 4、 ⭐ AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company 【 that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. 】 有的公司决定进行大规模再培训项目，而非采取解雇和雇佣的策略。美国电话电报公司就经常被视作这类公司的典范。我们找到第2题关键词，但是这个例子本身。例证题是要去找的外面去找第三句是转折句，所以我们找第二句，第二句是跟第四句的反义。 5、Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. 其他公司也承诺会制定自己的计划。 6、When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy, though（转折） ,the focus usually turns to government to handle.然而当技能不匹配的现象出现在更广泛的经济领域时，焦点常常会转向政府，并由其处理。 7、 ⭐ Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation 【where we frequently hear of employers （begging for workers）】,even at times and in regions【 where unemployment is high】.可以这么说。加拿大和其他地方付出的努力，充其量还是不够。含这也使我们经常听到雇主央求招聘员工的情况发生，即使在失业率高的时期和地区也是如此。 languid表示“慵懒，慢悠悠”即努力不够，这词一般不认识考上下文。 and have givenus asituation，and 说明与上句并列意思基本一致，说明解决问题的努力（efforts）还不够，要不怎会出现招工难？ 第3段：高失业率下依然存在劳动力短缺现象 1、With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed. 随着流行疾病失业的人确实越来越高却确实非常高 2、In February,at 3.5 percent and 5.5 percent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. 二月加拿大和美国的失业率分别为3.5%和5.5降到了代际低点，劳动力短缺的现象随处可见。 3、As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. 截至五月，两国失业率已经分别飙升到13%和13.7%，尽管许多工作的短缺情况消失了，但也并非所有行业都解决了这一问题。 4、 ⭐ In the medical field, to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel. 一个明显的例子，就是在医疗领域，疫情的爆发意味着医生护士和其他医务人员仍存在着大量短缺。 第4段：开展再培训的必要性 1、Of course,it is not like you can take and unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. 当然这并不是说你能在几周之内把一个失业的服务员培训他们成为一名医生 2、But even if you cannot close that gap,may be you can close others,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. 但即便不能填补这个空缺，也许还在其他方面，可以有所突破。这样对所有的相关人员，都有好处。 3、 ⭐ That seems to be the case in Sweden: 【When forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff】 , Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program 【 that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff.】 瑞典似乎就有这样的情况，90%的空乘人员被迫休假后，北欧航空决定启动一项再培训的项目，重新培训这些失业的员工以支援医院的工作。 4、The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university.  这是一次集体的行动，其他公司和一所瑞典的大学都参与到了其中。21.Research by the World Economic Forum Suggests _____.世界经济论坛的研究 表明 了？ [A] an urgent demand for new job skills （“既然42%要变” ，那么对新的工作技能迫切的需求） [B] an increase in full-time employment    无中生有 [C] a steady growth of job opportunities    无中生有 [D]a controversy about the"core skills"    原文是 will change，并没有说“争议” 答案∶ A 22. AT&T is cited to show_____.【例证题找例外】文章引用at and t是为了证明？ [A] The characteristics of reskilling in programs 在培训的项目特点   无中生有 [B] The importance of staff appraisal standards 员工评价标准的重要性  无中生有 [C] An immediate need for government support  干扰项出自第6句，though转折了，故与A无关 [D]An alternative to the five-and-hire standards  解雇和雇佣策略之外的另一种选择 good 答案∶D 23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada___. 细节题（稍难） 在加拿大解决技能不匹配问题 努力 [A] have appeared to be insufficient  似乎还不够      注意题目问的是对“努力”的评价 [B] have driven labour costs up 抬高劳动力成本    无中生有 [C] have proved ti be inconsistent  被证明是矛盾的  无中生有 [D] have met with fierce opposition 遭到激烈反对    无中生有 答案∶A 24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was_____.细节题（简） [A] a sign of economic recovery 暗示经济复苏   无中生有 [B] a call for policy adjustment   一种对政策调整的呼吁  无中生有 [C] a change in hiring practices  一种招聘方式的改变  无中生有 [D] a lack of medical workers 答案∶D 25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to_____.细节题（易） [A] create job vacancies for the unemployed  为失业者创造职位空缺。空缺不对，原文是给失业员工创造新的工作机会 [B] retrain their cabin staff for better services   前半句重新培训对，后半句无中生有 [C] prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs  让失业员工为其他工作做好准备 [D] finance their staffs' college education   为员工的大学教育提供资助  干扰项最后一句，原文是有一所大学参与这个项目，不是资助员工读大学 答案∶Cforum论坛 let go of  释放 放弃 massive 巨大 pledge 保证 arguably 按理 languid 慵懒 at best 最多充其量 Pendemic 流行病 spike 迅速增长 concerned 有关的 furlough 临时解雇 collective 集体的

Section III Translation Translate the following text into Chinese.Write your translation on the ANSWER SHEET.(15 points) We tend to think that friends and family members are our biggest sources of connection, laughter and warmth. While that may well be true,researchers have also recently found that interacting with strangers actually brings a boost in mood and felings of belonging that we didn't expect. In one series of studies, researchers instructed Chicago-area commuters using public transportation to strike up a conversation with some one near them. On average, participants who followed the instruction felt better than those who had been told to stand or sit in silence. The researchers also argued that when we shy away from casual interaction with strangers, it is often due to a misplaced anxiety that they might not want to talk to us. Much of the time, however,this belief is false.As it turns out, many people are actually perfectly willing to talk— and may even be flattered to receive your attention. 参考译文 我们往往认为朋友和家人是我们交流、快乐和温馨的重要源泉。虽然这很可能是真的，但研究人员最近也发现，与陌生人交流实际上会出乎意料地改善我们情绪和增强归属感。 在一系列研究中，研究人员让芝加哥地区的乘客利用乘坐公共交通工具时与周边的人大胆交流。普遍的结果是∶遵循这一建议的乘客(参与者)比那些建议独自站立或静坐的感觉要好。研究人员还认为，我们之所以羞涩与陌生人在日常生活中展开交流，往往因为一种无谓的焦虑，即认为他们不想和我们沟通。然而，很多时候，这种观点是错误的。研究结果证明∶许多人实际上非常愿意交谈——甚至可能会因为得到你的关注而自满。