自考英语国家概况真题答案在哪

Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each) 1．Which of the following is NOT true of Elizabeth I? A．Her religious reform was a compromise of views. B．Her religious reform was welcomed by both the Puritans and ardent Catholics. C．She desired “that there should be outward conformity to the Established religion”. D．She broke Mary’s ties with Rome and restored her father’s independent Church of England. 2．The Restoration in English history took place in _______. A．1042 B．1066 C．1606 D．1660 3．Historically, _______ were ferocious people, but they laid the foundations of the English state. A．the Celts B．the Vikings C．the Anglo-Saxons D．the Normans 4．William, Duke of Normandy, is now known as _________. A．William Rufus B．William the Confessor C．William the Great D．William the Conqueror 5．In Britain, the Tories were the forerunners of _______ which still bears the nickname today. A．the Social and Democratic Liberal Party B．the Liberal Party C．the Labor Party D．the Conservative Party 6．The person who was responsible for the religious Reformation of England in the 16th century was _________. A．Edward VIII B．Henry VIII C．Elizabeth I D．Edward VI 7．Queen Mary Tudor has been known as “Bloody Mary ”because under her reign ________. A．a series of bloody wars were fought B．many Protestants were persecuted and burnt as heretics C．many rebel peasants were put to death D．many protesters against her rule were killed 8．The _______ developed later into the Lords and the Commons known as Parliament. A．Witan B．Privy Council C．Public Records Office D．Great Council 9．In Britain,________ is the symbol of the whole nation. A．the Queen B．the Prime Minister C．the Prince D．the Parliament 10．Easter is the chief Christian festival, which celebrates________. A．the birth of Jesus Christ B．the Resurrection of Jesus Christ C．the coming of spring D．the revival of Christianity 11．The English king, who gave up his crown for the sake of a marriage with Wallis Simpson, was _______. A. Henry Ⅷ B． Edward Ⅷ C．George Ⅵ D．James Ⅵ 12．Those who tried to destroy the hated machines during the English Industrial Revolution were called ______. A．Destroyers B．Breakers C．Unionists D．Luddites 13．The great King of Wessex who fought against the invasion of the Danes in the 9th century was known as _______. A．Hengist B．Alfred the Great C．the Pilgrim D．King of Picts 14．The Seven Year’s War (1756—1763) was fought between Britain and _______ for the colonization in North America. A．Spain B．Russia C．Holland D．France 15．In Britain, the national newspapers can be divided into two groups: _______. A．daily papers and weekly papers B．daily papers and Sunday papers C．weekly papers and monthly papers D．weekly papers and quarterly papers 16．The People’s Charter was drawn up by _______ as their demands. A．the London Working Men’s Association B．the British Steel Corporation C．the activists in the Chartist Movement D．the Trade Union 17．Mrs. Margaret Thatcher, a Conservative Party leader in the 1980s, believed in the following EXCEPT _______. A．self-reliance B．privatization C．the strengthening of the trade unions D．the keeping of law and order 18．The two main tiers of local authority throughout England and Wales are ______. A．counties and districts B．cities and towns C．cities and villages D．cities and shires 19．In Britain, official public holidays are also called ______. A．religious holidays B．saints’ holidays C．memorial holidays D．bank holidays 20．The English Channel separates the island of Great Britain from ______. A．Denmark B．Belgium C．the Netherlands D．France 21．Most of the first Chinese immigrants who came to the United States between 1850—1880 settled down in ______. A．Florida B．Washington C．California D．New Jersey 22．In September, 1774 the First Continental Congress was held in ______, which encouraged Americans to refuse to buy British goods. A．New York B．Boston C．Philadelphia D．Concord 23．During the American westward movement, Democratic politician John L. O’Sullivan produced the famous theory of ______. A． “Isolationism” B． “Good Neighbor Policy” C． “Social Darwinism” D． “Manifest Destiny” 24．The American Constitution was finally adopted in 1789 by a narrow margin on the understanding that ______ after the Constitution came into force. A．Washington would be president of the U.S. B．the House of Representatives would be elected by each state C．a Bill of Rights would be amended D．each state would be equally represented in the Senate 25．In 1972, U.S. President ______ visited China, which led to the establishment of diplomatic relations with China in January 1979. A．Ronald Reagan B．Richard Nixon C．Jimmy Carter D．Gerald Ford 26．Which work praised the idea of equality and democracy and also celebrated the dignity, the self-reliant spirit and the joy of the common man? A．Leaves of Grass by Walt Whitman. B．Self-reliance by Ralph Waldo Emerson. C．Life on the Mississippi by Mark Twain. D．Sister Carrie by Theodore Dreiser. 27．The Constitution requires the President to be a natural-born American citizen at least ______ years of age. A．30 B．35 C．40 D．45 28．On April 30th of 1789, George Washington took the oath of office in ______ which housed the first American government. A．New York B．Washington C．Philadelphia D．Boston 29．Which of the following may NOT be President Wilson’s achievements in his program of New Freedom? A．Making loans available to farmers at low rates. B．Adopting an income tax. C．Regulating trusts by stating clearly the unfair business practices. D．Regulating railroad prices and their rebates. 30．In the U.S. the ______ refers to the people born in the period 1946—1964. A． “lost generation” B． “me generation” C． “blue-collar generation” D． “baby boom generation” 31．The conference that decided to set up a world organization ——the United Nations was held in ______. A．Teheran B．Cairo C．Yalta D．Washington 32．The President of the United States can issue rules, regulations and instructions, which are called ______. A．legal acts B．standing orders C．verdicts D．executive orders 33．The political theory of American Revolution came from the well-known philosopher ______. A．Thomas Jefferson B．Thomas Paine C．Alexander Hamilton D．John Locke 34．Which statement is NOT true about the Great Depression in the 1930s? A．Billions of dollars of paper profits were wiped out within a few days. B．Misery and personal sufferings were widespread. C．Many lost their land and other properties because of foreclosures. D．The stock market crash was the beginning of long economic recovery. 35．During the American Civil War, the victory at ______ proved to be the turning point for the Union Army. A．Harrisburg B．Gettysburg C．Lexington D．Fort Sumter 36．Which statement is NOT true about the American Indians? A．Heavy drinking and suicide rates are far above the national averages. B．The average life expectancy of Indians is around 50 years. C．All the American Indians are now living in the government reservations. D．One fourth of the Indian families live below the poverty level. 37．The American Standard Oil Company was founded by ______. A．John Rockefeller B．du Pont C．J.P. Morgan D．Andrew Carnegie 38．A typical example of American intolerant nationalism from 1919—1920 was ______ that exaggerated the danger of Communism. A．McCarthyism B．the Ku Klux Klan C．the Red Scare D．Desegregation 39．Currently between 80% and 90% of immigrants to the U.S. are from ______ countries. A．Asian and African B．European and Hispanic C．Asian and Hispanic D．Scandinavian and Asian 40．______ is the only organization which has the power to interpret the U.S. Constitution. A．The Supreme Court B．The Department of State C．The House of Representatives D．The Senate 41．______ is British Columbia’s largest city and the third largest city in Canada. A．Vancouver B．Toronto C．Quebec City D．Montreal 42．Almost half the land area of Canada is covered by ______. A．forests B．deserts C．swamps D．bogs 43．During World War II, Canada fought as an ally of ______ with nearly one million people serving in the armed forces. A．Germany B．Swiss C．Italy D．Britain 44．In Australia ______ has the country’s richest farmland and best grazing land. A．the Great Western Plateau B．the Eastern Highlands C．the Central Eastern Lowlands D．the Outback 45．In recent years Australian governments have encouraged people with different ethnic backgrounds to keep their own cultures. This policy is called ______. A．assimilation B．integration C．multiculturalism D．alienation 46．Which of the following statements about Australia is NOT true? A．It lies south of the equator. B．It is the world’s smallest continent. C．It is the flattest and lowest continent. D．It is the continent that contains more than one country. 47．The first European to visit New Zealand was a/an ______, Abel Tasman. A．Englishman B．Dutchman C．Frenchman D．German 48．______ is the capital of New Zealand. A．Auckland B．Wellington C．Toronto D．Montreal 49．Which statement is NOT true about Ireland? A．Ireland is divided into two political units. B．Northern Ireland is part of the United Kingdom. C．The Republic of Ireland is an independent country. D．Ireland is called the Emerald Isle because of its rich deposit of emeralds. 50．The largest river in Ireland is the ______, which provides electric power for much of the Republic. A．Missouri River B．Shannon River C．Severn River D．Thames River II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. What is the official name of Great Britain? 52. What does “Oxbridge” refer to in Great Britain? 53. What are the responsibilities of British government education departments? 54. What does SAT stand for? 55. What are the two most important acts passed in the 1960s that helped to improve the political equality of the black people? 56. What is known as the “winner-take-all” system? 57. What does ACT stand for in Australian political division? 58. Why does New Zealand remain green all the year round? 59. What are the three main groups of settlers living north of 55 degree north latitude in Canada? 60. What is the most significant feature of Irish landscape, which covers all the mountains and large areas of lowlands? III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. the Industrial Revolution 62. the Commonwealth 63. checks and balances 64. Electoral College

全国2009年4月高等教育自学考试 英语国家概况试题 课程代码：00522 I. Read the following unfinished statements or questions carefully. For each unfinished statement or question, four suggested answers marked A, B, C and D are given. Choose the one that you think best completes the statement or answers the question. Write the letter of the answer you have chosen in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (50 points, 1 point for each) 1. Strictly speaking, “the British Isles” refers to_______. A. Great Britain B. Ireland C. the United Kingdom D. Great Britain and Ireland 2. Which of the following kings was responsible for the complete establishment of the feudal system in England? A. Edward I B. Henry II C. Alfred the Great D. William the Conqueror 3. The spirit of the Great Charter was ______. A. a limitation of the powers of the king B. a guarantee of the freedom of the serfs C. a limitation of the powers of the Church D. a declaration of equality among all people 4. Which of the following is NOT true about the result of the Black Death? A. Much land was left untended. B. There was a terrible shortage of labour. C. The surviving peasants had lost their power of bargaining. D. Landowners tended to change from arable to sheep-farming. 5. The War of Roses that took place from 1455 to 1485 was fought between ______. A. Britain and France B. the Parliament and the Crown C. the working people and the aristocrats D. two branches of the Plantagenet family 6. The English Renaissance was largely literary, and it achieved its finest expression in the so-called ______. A. Romantic poetry B. Romantic fiction C. Elizabethan poetry D. Elizabethan drama 7. British constitutional monarchy is a system under which the powers of the ______ are limited by Parliament or the constitution. A. church B. king or queen C. government ministers D. Bishop’s court 8. The Tories in Britain were the forerunners of ______, which still bears this nickname today. A. the Labor Party B. the Liberal Party C. the Conservative Party D. the Social Democratic Party 9. Which of the following was NOT included in the six-point demand of the Chartist Movement? A. Equal electoral districts B. Voting by secret ballot C. The vote for all adult males D. The vote for all adult females 10. During the First World War, Britain was allied with ______. A. Turkey B. the Central Powers C. France and Russia D. Germany and Austria-Hungary 11. Who was the man that led Britain in the crisis of the Second World War? A. George VI B. Theodore Roosevelt C. Neville Chamberlain D. Sir Winston Churchill 12. The new policies adopted by Mrs. Thatcher and Conservative Government after the 1979 election was known as ______. A. Thatcherism B. the New Deal C. New Frontier D. Keynesianism 13. Over the past one thousand years, the British ______ has been broken only once between 1649 and 1660. A. Cabinet B. Parliament C. Monarchy D. Privy Council 14. Who has the power to appoint the Prime Minister in Britain? A. The Queen B. The Parliament C. The House of Lords D. The Church of England 15. In Britain, a full meeting of ______ is called only when a Sovereign dies or announces his or her intention to marry. A. the Privy Council B. the Parliament C. the House of Commons D. the House of Lords 16. Which of the following is NOT involved in the British judicial responsibilities? A. Attorney General B. Ministry of Justice C. The Lord Chancellor D. The Home Secretary 17. Bank holidays in Britain refer to ______. A. official public holidays B. holidays for the banks only C. public holidays except for the banks D. holidays for the financial institutions only 18. Which statement about the British universities is NOT true? A. They enjoy academic freedom. B. They cannot appoint their own staff. C. They are governed by royal charters. D. They provide their own courses and award their own degrees. 19. ______, the most popular sport in England as well as in Europe, has its traditional home in England where it was developed in the 19th century. A. Basketball B. Tennis C. Football D. Baseball 20. London’s Metropolitan Police Force is directly under the control of _______. A. the Prime Minister B. the Lord Chancellor C. the Home Secretary D. the Attorney General 21. Which statement about the Puritans is NOT true? A. The Puritans did not allow religious dissent. B. The Puritans were poor artisans and unskilled peasants. C. They were dissatisfied with the political corruption in England. D. They went to the United States to establish what they considered the true church. 22. The largest racial and ethnic minority in the U.S. is the ______, which accounts over 12.1% of the population. A. blacks B. Asians C. Indians D. Hispanics 23. The three well-known authors who penned the Federalist Papers are ______. A. Thomas Jefferson, James Madison and John Jay B. George Washington, James Madison and John Jay C. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Jay D. Alexander Hamilton, James Madison and John Adams 24. When Abraham Lincoln was elected president, the southern states broke away and formed a new nation called ______. A. the Southern States of America B. the Federalist States of America C. the Confederate States of America D. the Anti-confederate States of America 25. With the development of industry and extension of railroad network in the early 20th century in the U.S.A., there appeared ______. A. a rapid growth of cities B. an influx of foreign goods C. an increase of urban ghettos D. a great increase in the number of farms 26. In the early 19th century, ______ actively used the Sherman Antitrust Act to stop monopolistic business mergers in the United States. A. J.P. Morgan B. Woodrow Wilson C. Henry Rockefeller D. Theodore Roosevelt 27. The Red Scare in 1919 and 1920 was a typical example of American ______. A. religious intolerance B. intolerant nationalism C. Progressive Movement D. deregulation of big trusts 28. In the early 1930s, the American foreign policy was isolationist, but the ______ suddenly changed the whole situation, which propelled the U.S. into the Second World War. A. Pearl Harbor attack B. bombing of Guam island C. seizing of American merchant ships D. sinking of American passenger ships 29. In 1962, President ______ finally decided on the use of naval force to prevent military material and arms from entering Cuba and demanded Soviet removal of the missiles there. A. Nixon B. Truman C. Johnson D. Kennedy 30. In 1853, in the ______, another 30,000 square miles of Mexican land were added to the territory of the U.S.A. A. Atlantic Purchase B. Mexican Purchase C. Gadsden Purchase D. Louisiana Purchase 31. The four problems that face the economy of the United States are______. A. unemployment, inflation, financial crisis and trade deficit B. unemployment, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit C. mortgage losses, inflation, financial deficit and trade deficit D. unemployment, market failures, financial deficit and trade deficit 32. Which statement about the U.S. Constitution is NOT true? A. It is the supreme law of the land. B. It is the oldest written constitution in the world. C. It was adopted in 1781 at the Second Continental Congress. D. It provides the basis for political stability, economic growth and social progress. 33. The American President usually takes an oath of office, administered by the ______ of the United States in January. A. Chief Justice B. House Speaker C. Secretary of State D. Senate Majority Leader 34. The U.S. Constitution provides that the ______ shall be President of the Senate. A. Vice President B. Secretary of State C. Senate Majority Leader D. Senate Minority Leader 35. Which one of the following is NOT government-run at the U.S. federal level? A. Motor vehicle B. The road system C. National defense D. The postal service 36. It is generally agreed that U.S. higher education began with the______. A. Civil War B. Independence War C. founding of Harvard College D. founding of Princeton University 37. Formal education in the United States consists of ______. A. kindergarten, junior and senior education B. junior, elementary and secondary education C. elementary, secondary and higher education D. kindergarten, secondary and higher education 38. In his Old Man and the Sea, Ernest Hemingway ______. A. expresses the idea of facing defeat courageously B. shows the basic goodness and wisdom of ordinary people C. praises the ideas of equality and democracy and the joy of common people D. describes the sharp contrast of wealth and poverty in Chicago and New York 39. In the early part of the 19th century, ______ was the center of American writing. A. Boston B. Detroit C. New York City D. Philadelphia 40. The most important patriotic holiday in the U.S. is ______. A. Halloween B. Veterans’ Day C. Thanksgiving Day D. Independence Day 41. The capital city of Ireland is ______. A. Cork B. Dublin C. Galway D. Waterford 42. Historically, Ireland has been free of ethnic conflicts because of its ______. A. racial unity B. racial homogeneity C. multi-culturalism D. high rate of emigration 43. Ireland has the following demographic features EXCEPT ______. A. a late marriage age B. an excess of females in the population C. a high proportion of bachelors and spinsters of all ages D. a low birthrate compounded by a century of emigration 44. Which of the following is a typical bilingual city in Canada? A. Ottawa B. Calgary C. Toronto D. Vancouver 45. Which of the following statements about immigration in Canada is NOT true? A. It is estimated that one-third of Canadians were born in other countries. B. Immigration has always been an important source of its population growth. C. Immigration has played an important role in the development of its economy. D. in the past Britain and Western Europe were the principal sources of Canadian immigration. 46. In terms of land area, Canada is the ______ largest country in the world. A. second B. third C. fourth D. fifth 47. The head of state of Australia is ______. A. the Governor B. the President C. the Prime Minister D. the Queen of England 48. ______ is the only city on the western coast of Australia with a population of over one million. A. Perth B. Sydney C. Brisbane D. Melbourne 49. A ______, where two parts of the earth’s crust meet, runs the length of New Zealand. A. fault line B. built area C. dormant volcano D. geothermal area 50. The Treaty of Waitangi in 1840 was an agreement between ______. A. the Maori whalers and the British Crown B. the Maori people and the British missionaries C. the Maori traders and the British missionaries D. the chiefs of the Maori people and the British Crown II. Give a one-sentence answer to each of the following questions. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet. (30 points, 3 points for each) 51. What are the main functions of the British Parliament? 52. What were the two countries Elizabeth I successfully played off against each other for nearly 30 years? 53. What was the outcome of the English Civil War? 54. What are the three main Christian festivals in the U.K.? 55. What were the three cornerstones of American postwar economic boom? 56. What was the most important document produced between China and the United States when President Nixon visited China in 1972? 57. What is the most central function of the U.S. Congress? 58. What are the two major parties that dominate American politics at the federal, state and local levels? 59. What are the two official languages used in Ireland? 60. Who are the native people living in Australia? III. Explain each of the following terms in English. Write your answer in the corresponding space on the answer sheet in around 40 words. (20 points, 5 points for each) 61. Open University 62. The Speaker (of the House of Commons in Britain) 63. Muckrakers 64. The stock market crash of 1929

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