自考英语知识点总结大全高中

浅淡多个形容词作定语时的排序问题多个形容词作定语时的词序排列问题是高中教学的难点，也是高考考查的热点，在2004、2005、2006年全国多套高考题中对于此点的考查总共出现了5次。下面结合高考题来总结归纳排序问题的基本规律，并以巧记口诀来帮助突破此难点。 多个形容词作定语时的排序一般遵从如下规律： 如果两个以上的形容词修饰一个名词时，与被修饰的名词关系较密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的密切程度差不多，则音节少的形容词在前，音节多的在后。如： a small wonderful gift。 限定词＋描绘性形容词(beautiful)＋大小、长短、高低等形容词(large, long, high)＋新旧(old)＋颜色(red)＋国籍(Chinese)＋材料(wood)＋用途(writing)＋被修饰名词(desk) 记住以上规则是必要的，但还应多阅读、多体会，增强语感是关键。例如： all these last few days最近的这些日子 some beautiful little red flowers一些美丽的小红花 a high red brick wall 一堵高高的红砖墙 a beautiful white Japanese military jeep一辆漂亮的白色的日本军用吉普车 其中限定词的排列顺序为： all / both / half / double / 倍数词 / 分数词＋冠词 /指示代词 / 物主代词 / 名词所有格/ some / any / no / every / each＋基数词 /序数词 / little / few / last / next / other / another / more，形容词的排列顺序为：大小、长短、高低、新旧、颜色、国籍、材料、用途、类别等。如： 尽管以上给出了排序的基本规律，但由于所涉及的词太多，想要记清楚确实有难度。下面依此列一个表格，以加深印象：为了便于同学们记忆，下面给出四句口诀辅助记忆： 前中序基和其它，性状质形长短和大小，新旧冷暖颜色和材料，还有动名加名莫忘了。 第一句主要用于解决排在最前面的多个限定词之间的顺序，它可对应于all（千位）these（中位）last（序数词）few（数量词）days短语中。口诀中后三句可对应于一句话“This is a charming small round old yellow French wood reading room.”其中多个形容词之间的先后顺序基本上可以在这一句话中得以体现，而且汉语歌诀的形式将使记忆更形象、更深刻。利用以上歌诀时最好是“抓两头”，即牢记排在最前边的限定词及排在最后边的形容词，如国籍、材料、用途等，则能轻松突破此难点。 考例分析： 1. The husband gave his wife_____ in order to please her. (2004 重庆 33题) A. all half his income B. his half all income C. half his all income D. all his half income 分析： 此题答案为A。根据排列顺序“前中序基和其它”可确定答案。all half 都是前位限定词，his 是中位限定词，所以his 应放在all和half的后面。 2. The_____ house is as if it has not been lived in for years. (2004 江苏 32题) A. little white wooden B. little wooden white C. white wooden little D. wooden white little 分析： 此题答案为A。根据排列顺序“新旧冷暖颜色和材料”可确定答案。wooden作为材料词应放在后面。 3. This_____ girl is Linda’s cousin. (2005北京) A． pretty little Spanish B． Spanish little prettyC． Spanish pretty little D． little pretty Spanish 分析： 此题答案为A。上述几个形容词可利用口诀中的中间两句：“性状质形长短和大小，新旧冷暖颜色和材料。”来确定它们之间的先后顺序。 巩固练习 1._____ students are required to take part in the boat race. (2004 浙江) A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong young C. Chinese ten young strong D. Young strong ten Chinese 2. John Smith, a successful businessman, has a_____ car. (2004 辽宁 22题) A. large Germen white B. large white German C. white large German D. German large white 3． Tony is going camping with_____ boys. (93全国) A． little two other B． two little other C．two other little D． little other two 4． —How was your recent visit to Qindao？ —It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the_____ days at the seaside. (95 全国) A． few last sunny B． last few sunny C． last sunny few D． few sunny last 5._____ lessons were not difficult. A. Our few first short English B. Our first few short English C. Our few first English short D. Few our first English short 6. —Let me help you, Tom. —Thank you, I can do it. Here is_____ to hold all these things . A. a big enough case B. an enough big case C. a case enough big D. a case big enough 7. Mr Smith bought a_____ purse for his wife. A. small black leather B. black leather small C. small leather black D. black small leather 8． Excuse me. Can I borrow your_____ pencil box？ A． blue cheap plastic B． cheap blue plastic C． plastic blue cheap D． plastic cheap blue 9._____ flowers are used for decorations in the house. A. These all beautiful red small B. All these beautiful small red C. These all red small beautiful D. All these small red beautiful 10. In the dirty street, there are many_____plastics. A. white small flyingB. flying small white C. small white flyingD. flying small white Keys： 1. A2. B3. C4. B5. B6. A7. A8. B9. B10. C限定描绘大长高，形状年龄和新老。 颜色国籍和材料，作用类别往后靠。 如：1．a pretty tall young girl（a是限定词；pretty属描绘性的词；tall表示高矮；young表示新老的词） 2．the round old stone table（the为限定词；round表形状；old表新老；stone表材料） 3．a white Chinese metal machine（a为限定词；white是颜色词；Chinese表国籍； metal表材料多个形容词修饰名词的顺序 多个形容词修饰名词时，其顺序为：限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色）--出处--材料性质--类别--名词。例如： a small round table/ a tall gray building/ a dirty old brown shirt/ a famous German medical school/ an expensive Japanese sports car 典型例题: 1） Tony is going camping with ___ boys. A. little two other B. two little other C. two other little D. little other two 答案：C。由"限定词--数词--描绘词--（大小，长短，形状，新旧，颜色） --性质--名词"的顺序可知数词，描绘词，性质依次顺序，只有C符合答案。 2） One day they crossed the ____bridge behind the palace. A. old Chinese stone B. Chinese old stone C. old stone Chinese D. Chinese stone old 答案A. 几个形容词修饰一个名词，他们的排列顺序是：年龄，形状，大小+颜色+来源+质地+用途+国家+名词。 3） ---- How was your recent visit to Qingdao? ---- It was great. We visited some friends，and spent the ___days at the seaside.（高考题） A. few last sunny B. last few sunny C. last sunny few D. few sunny last 答案：B。本题考查多个形容词的排序问题。一般与被修饰形容词关系密切的形容词靠近名词；如果几个形容词的重要性差不多，音节少的形容词在前，音节多的方在后，在不能确定时，可参照：限定词+数量词（序数词在前，基数词在后）+性状形容词+大小、长短、高低等形体+新旧+颜色+国籍+材料+名词，如those + three + beautiful + large + square +old + brown + wood + table。 另给你送条顺口溜以便好记忆：县（限定词）官（观点形容词）行（形状形容词）大（大小形容词）令（年龄新旧形容词）射（颜色形容词）国（国家等出处形容词）才（材料质地等形容词）。巧记高考形容词作定语的排列顺序,屡试不爽二．多个形容词作定语的排列顺序 当名词前面有几个形容词作修饰语时，一般按下列次序排列：限定词+描绘形容词+形状+大小+颜色+国籍原材料。有一个句子利用谐音可以帮助我们很容易地记这个顺序：县官行令杀（色）国才(国家的栋梁之才)。（限定词+外观的词+形状+年龄大小+颜色+国籍词+材料）。这个顺序可以说是屡试不爽。三．比较结构中表示倍数和百分数的词的位置。一般来说，这类词放在as┉as 结构之前，也可以放在the size/length/width/depth/height等之前。如： three times as big as, thirty percent the depth of 等。以下是一组关于词序、语序的高考试题，请你做做练一练： 1．This _____ girl is Linda’s cousin. （2005年北京第23题）A. pretty little Spanish B. Spanish little prettyC. Spanish pretty little D. little pretty Spanish 2．What a table! I’ve never seen such a thing before. It is _____ it is long. （2005年湖北第28题）A. half not as wide as B. wide not as half asC. not half as wide as D. as wide as not half3．John is the tallest boy in the class,_____ according to himself. （2005年安徽第31题）A. five foot eight as tall as B. as tall as five foot eight C. as five foot eight tall as D. as tall five foot eight as4．______, Carolina couldn’t get the door open. （ 2005年广东第23题）A. Try as she might B. As she might tryC. She might try as D. Might as she try 5．______, he talks a lot about his favorite singers after class. （2005年重庆第27题）A. A quiet student as he may be B. Quiet student as he may beC. Be a quiet student as he may D. Quiet as he may be a student 6. Only after my friend came ____ . （2005年福建第32题）A. did the computer repair B. he repaired the computerC. was the computer repaired D. the computer was repaired7.______ about wild plants that they decided to make a trip to Madagascar for further research. （ 2005年江苏试题）A. So curious the couple was B. So curious were the coupleC.How curious the couple were D. The couple was such serious8.John Smith, a successful business man, has a ______ car. （2004年辽宁试题）A. large German white B. large white GermanC. white large German D. German large white9.The _____ house smells as if it hasn’t been lived in for years. （2004年江苏试题）A. little white wooden B. little wooden whiteC. white wooden little D. wooden white little10.______ students are required to take part in the boat race. （2004年浙江试题）A. Ten strong young Chinese B. Ten Chinese strong youngC. Chinese ten young strong D. young strong ten Chinese11.Why ! I have nothing to confess. ___ you want me to say? （ 2004年上海试题）A. What is it that B. What it is thatC. How is it that D. How it is that12.It was ____ back home after the experiment . （ 2004年湖北试题）A. not until midnight did he go B. until midnight that he didn’t goC. not until midnight that he went D. until midnight when he didn’t go13. If I had ____, I’d visit Europe, stopping at all the small interesting place.(98全国)A. a long enough holiday B. an enough long holidayC. a holiday enough long D. a long holiday enough14．---How was your recent visit to Qingdao? (95全国) --- It was great. We visited some friends, and spent the ____ days at the seaside.A. few last sunny B. last few sunnyC. last sunny few D. few sunny last15. Paper produced every year is ____ the world’s production of vehicles. (98上海)A. the three times weight of B. three times the weight of C. as three times heavy as D. three times as heavier as Key:1.—5 ACBAB 6--10 CBBAA 11—15 ACABB