乐儿公主888
高级英语语法讲解比起初级语法来相对来说比较深入剖析。下面是我给大家整理的高级英语语法，供大家参阅!
一 、定语从句的回顾
定语从句两种连接词：关系代词&关系副词
关系代词：that、which、who 关系副词：when、where、why(一般不可省略)
eg. Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold.(that充当主语)
eg. The man who we met yesterday is a famous psychologist. (who充当宾语)
eg. This is the right/very() book that you are looking for. (that充当宾语)
关系代词在从句中只能充当主语或宾语
二、关系词充当宾语的时候：可以直接省略，而从句不发生任何形式的改变
三、关系词充当主语
(1)谓语结构为实词：关系代词进行省略，从句中实词要发生形式的改变。若原从句是主动语态，则动词直接变成ing形式，若原从句谓语动词是被动语态，则可以直接保留过去的分词。
eg. Fruit that contains vitamin C can relieve a cold.= Fruit containing vitamin C can relieve a cold.
eg. I have a dog which is called King.= I have a dog called King.
(2)谓语结构为be + 名词：可将be动词同时省略，将后面的名词和前面从句所修饰的名词构成同位语结构。
eg. I know YU Minhong who is the president of New Oriental School.
= I know YU Minhong, the president of New Oriental School.
四、先行词为the way，后边的关系代词可以使that，in which或者不加任何关系代词。
eg. I like the way you talk.
一、主句和从句的助于保持一致，称为分词作状语。
(1)条件：状语从句，前后主语一致
(2)形式：分词作状语在句首+分词作状语在句后
(3)省略方式：省略从句的主语，关系词(可保留)+动词形式变化(主动语态-ing/被动语态-ed)
(一)时间状语从句：when、after、as soon as
eg. When the mouse saw the cat, it ran off = (when) Seeing the cat , the mouse ran off.
(二)原因状语从句
eg. As she was very weak, she couldn’t move. = Being very weak , she couldn’t move.
(三)条件状语从句
eg. If you work hard, you will succeed. = Working hard , you will succeed.
eg. If we are united, we stand; if we divided, we fall. = United, we stand; divided, we fall.
(四)让步状语从句
eg. Although he lived miles away, he attended the course. = Although living miles away=Living miles away
(五)伴随状语从句
eg. He sat in the chair reading a newspaper.
eg. He came in, followed by his wife.
(六)方式状语从句
eg. He came as we expected. =He came as (he was) expected.
(七)结果状语从句 eg. He fired and killed one of the passers-by. = He fired, killing one of the passers-by.
若前后主语不一致，则成为独立主格结构。
1、构成：分词短语的逻辑主语和句子主语不一致。独立结构只能作状语，多用于书面语言。
(1)名词/代词+分词(现在分词&过去分词)
eg. The boy ran quickly, his father following.(表伴随情况，父亲主动跟随)
eg. He lay on his back, his hands acrossed under his head.(one’s hands be acrossed)
(2)名词/代词+形容词
eg. They started home, theirs minds full of plans for increasing production.
eg. He was silent for a moment, his lips tight.
(3)名词/代词+副词
eg. He put on his socks, wrong side out.(表示补充说明)
eg. The war over, all the Chinese people’s volunteers came back to China.
(4)名词/代词+介词(短语)
eg. She came in, a baby in her arms.
eg. He went off, gun in hand.
2、句中的作用
(1)表示时间
eg. His homework done, Jim decided to go and see the play.
= After his homework was done, he decided to go and see the play.
(2)表示原因
eg. The last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
=Because the last bus having gone, we had to walk home.
(3)表示原因
eg. (with) Weather permitting, we’ll go for outing tomorrow.
=If weather permitting, we’ll go for outing tomorrow.
(4)表示伴随情况
eg. They walked though the forest, (with) an old hunter leading the way.
(5)表示补充说明
eg. He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one being a bedroom and the other being an office.
=He lived in a wooden house with two rooms, one was a bedroom, the other was an office.
3、独立主格的变化
在带有逻辑主语的分词及其短语前加“with”
虚拟语气
【1】if 引导的虚拟语气(与事实相反，过去&现在&将来)
if—如果(可能发生&不可能发生)
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay at home.(主将从现)
(1)表示与过去事实相反时，从句中应使用had+过去分词，主句中用would，could，might +have+过去分词
eg. If you had got there earlier, you would have caught the bus.
(2)表示与现在事实相反时，从句中所有的be都有were，动词都要用过去式，主句中用would，could，might +动词原形 eg. If there were no air, people would die.
eg. If I had wings, I would fly over the sea to see you.
(3)表示与将来事实相反时，从句中be变成were，动词变成should+动词原形，主句中用would，could，might +动词原形 eg. If it were Sunday tomorrow, we would not have an examination.
错综虚拟语气：eg. If you had followed my advice yesterday, you would know how to do it now.
倒装形式的虚拟语气：从句中出现助动词do或were，可以将if省略，将do或were提前
eg. Had you got there earlier yesterday(=if you had got…), you could have caught the bus.
eg. Were I you(=if I were you), I would help him.
【2】馒头面条原理
当句子中出现建议、命令、要求这三个单词的时候，不管它是什么词性，也不管其后接何种从句，从句中的动词都应使用should+动词原形，should可以省略。
注：虽为虚拟语气的一种用法，但后面的句子并不表示与事实相反。
常见表示建议、命令、要求的单词：advice, suggest, propose, recommend; order, command; demand, require, insist, urge
eg. He suggested that we (should) go to tomorrow’s exhibition together.
eg. Mike’s uncle insisted that he (should) not live in this hotel.
注：suggest表“表明”义时不使用虚拟语气。
eg. Her face suggested that she was ill. So I suggested that she (should) be sent to the nearest hospital immediately.
【3】固定句型
1、It is time that ...
It is time that sb. did sth.早该做某事了
It is (high/about) time that…
eg. It is time that you worked hard on English.
eg. It is already 5 o’clock now, don’t you think it is time we went home?
eg. I think it is high time that she made up her mind.
2、Would rather that .....
只要是与现在或过去相反，从句中be动词变成were，动词变为过去式。如果与过去相反，则用had+过去分词。
eg. I would rather he came tomorrow than today.
eg.John would rather that she had not gone to the party yesterday evening.
eg. I would rather everything hadn' t happened in the past.
3、“It is (was)+形容词(或过去分词)+that+ (should) do……”结构中的虚拟语气
eg. It is necessary that we (should)have a walk now.
eg. It was necessary that we (should) make everything ready ahead of time.
eg. It is required that nobody (should) smoke here.
eg. It is important that every pupil (should) be able to understand the rule of school.
4、as if，wish等后使用虚拟语气
Although it is summer, it seems as if it were spring.
He wished we would go there with him.
(wish表示不可能实现的愿望，hope表示可以实现的愿望)
倒装
全部倒装:主谓宾构成了正常的语序，把谓语动词提到了动词的前面，谓语动词直接发生在主语之前，那么就是全部倒装。
1、当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。如果是进行时态的话，倒装后要改为一般现在时。 eg. The bus is coming here. Here comes the bus.
进行时态在变为倒装的时候要变为一般现在时。
eg. Students went away. Away went students.
eg. The boy rushed out. Out rushed the boy.
here/away/out/ 在英语当中称作方位副词或时间副词。
eg. Then came the hour we had been looking forward to. 方位副词或时间副词置于句首
2、如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。
eg. The old man lives in the city center. In the city center lives the old man.
eg. A temple stands on the mountain. On the mountain stands a temple.
3、当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。
eg. Lying on the floor was a boy aged about 18. On the floor lies a boy aged about 18.
eg. Sitted on the ground are a group of young people.
eg. 访问北京的是300名日本青年。/ 300名日本青年正在访问北京。
300 Japanese young people are visiting Beijing.
Visiting Beijing are 300 Japanese young people.
部分倒装：主谓宾保持原来的形式，谓语动词的助动词放到主语的前面。
1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装
这类词语有hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, never, few, little, less, at no time, by no means, in no case, under no circumstance, in no way, on no account, on no consideration, no longer, not only等。
eg. He never smokes. 他从来不抽烟。Never does he smoke.
eg. Not only did the customer complain about the food, he also refused to pay for it.
这位顾客不仅仅 抱怨食物不好，还拒绝付费。
eg. Under no circumstance do I trust you.在任何情况下我都不会相信你。
2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。
eg. Only with you can I feel happy.
eg. Only when you come, can we start the meeting.
只有当你来了这，我们才可以开始会议。
3、so......that 结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装
eg. He runs so fast that I can't catch up with him.
他跑得实在是太快了，以致于我都没有办法追上他。
So fast does he run that I can't catch up with him.
eg. The moon was so bright that the flowers bright as by day.
皓月当空，花朵就像白天那样的鲜艳。
So bright was the moon that the flowers bright as by day.
4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。(表让步)
eg. Although I am young, I can live by myself. 虽然我很小但是我却能养活自己了。
Young as I am, I can live by myself.
eg. Although she is a girl, she can support the whole family.
虽然她是个女孩，但是她却可以养活整个家庭的人。
Girl as she is, she can support the whole family.
eg. Although I like music very much,.... Much as I like music,.....
5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。
(1)hardly/ scarcely.....when.... 一......就......
hardly，scarcely 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时。
eg. Hardly had he seen me when he ran away. 他一看到我就跑开了。
eg. Hardly had the baby cried when his mother rushed to carry him.
婴儿一哭，他妈妈就跑去抱他。
(2)no sooner....than..... 一......就......
no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，than 的后面用一般过去时。
eg. No sooner had they reached home than it rained more and more heavily. 他们一到家，雨就越下越大起来。
(3)the more ......the more... 越....越....
eg. The harder you work, the happier you feel. 你工作越努力，就越觉得快乐。
总结：倒装分为全部倒装和部分倒装。
全部倒装：
①当首句为方位或时间副词，谓语动词为go，come等时通常用全部倒装。
② 如果句首出现了地点状语，句子也可以进行全部倒装。 ③ 当句子当中出现分词结构的时候，可以把现在分词或过去分词和地点状语联系在一起放在句首，
把be 动词留在中间当作谓语动词，主语放在后面。
部分倒装：
1、当句首状语为否定词或带有否定意义的词语时，这个句子就需要部分倒装 。
2、当句首为only加状语的时候，这个句子需要部分倒装。
3、so......that 结构中的so位于句首时，常引起部分倒装 。
4、句子开头的as 处在第二个单词的位置上，表示虽然的意思。
5、常见的固定搭配结构中需要用倒装的情况。
hardly.....when....; scarcely .....when..... ;no sooner....than.....： hardly，scarcely，no sooner 后面一定要用过去完成时，when 后面用一般过去时;the more ......the more... 越....越.... ;
否定：
eg. All the birds can not fly.
Not all the birds can fly. 不是所有的鸟都会飞。
1. 部分否定
eg. All the birds can not fly. 并非所有的鸟都会飞。
None of the birds can fly. 所有的鸟都不会飞。
表示全部意思的代词或副词如all, both, every, everybody, every day, everyone, everything, everywhere等与not搭配使用时，无论not在前还是在后，都表示部分否定，意思为“并非都是"等。
eg. All is not gold that glitters. = Not all is gold that glitters. 发光的并非都是金子。
2. 全部否定
英语中常用not, none, nobody, nothing, nowhere, neither, never等表示全部否定的概念。
eg. Nothing in the world is difficult for one who sets his mind to it. 世上无难事，只怕有心人。
双重否定：
1.在一个句子中出现两个否定词：not, never, hardly, scarcely, rarely, seldom, few, little, none等，双重否定表示肯定的概念。 eg. No one can command others who cannot command himself.
A person can command others who command himself. 正人先正己。
eg. Without the ability to think critically, to defend their ideas and understand the ideas of others, they can not fully participate in our democracy.
如果没有能力进行批判性思维，维护自己的观点，并理解他人的观点，他们就不能充分的参与我们的民主政治中来。
2.形式否定，意义肯定
eg. A man can never have too many ties. 一个男人可以拥有很多的领带。
A woman can never have too many dresses. 一个女人拥有再多的衣服也不为过。
eg. We can hardly praise his achievement too much. 对他的成就我们无论怎样赞扬也不过分。
eg. A mother can never be patient enough with her child. 一个母亲对她的孩子再怎么耐心也不为过。
A teacher can never be strict enough with his students. 一个老师对他的学生再怎么严格也不为过。
3. 形式肯定，意义否定
①more A than B 意思为“A不是B;与其说是B，不如说是A”
eg. The book seems to be more a dictionary than a grammar. 这本书看起来与其说是一本语法书，不如说是一本词典。
He is more a composer than a singer. 与其说他是一个歌唱家不如说他是一个创作者。
② anything but 意思为“一点都不是，根本不是，绝对不是”
eg. I am anything but a teacher. 我一定不是一个老师。
eg. I will do anything but that. 我决不干那件事。
③ no more ...than 与 not more ....than
no more ...than意为“两者都不....” not more....than 意为“两者都肯定，前者不如后者”
eg. This book is no more interesting than that one. 这本书和那本书一样特别没趣。
eg. This book is not more interesting than that one. 这本书不如那本书有趣。
eg. This boy is not more honest than that one. 这两男孩都很诚实，前面的男孩不如后面的男孩诚实。
This boy is no more honest than that one. 这两个男孩都不诚实。
④ no more than与 not more than
no more than 强调“少”，译作“只有、不过、仅仅” not more than 是客观叙述，意为“不超过”。
eg. He said no more than we had expected. 他只是说了我们所预料的而已。
eg. Though they think it takes no more than three days to fulfill the mission, I believe it takes not less than six days. 虽然他们认为完成这任务只需三天，但我却认为至少需要六天。
eg. He has not more than five dollars on him. 他身上带的钱不超过五美元。
eg. He is not more than 10 years old. 他最多不超过10岁。
总结：
1. 部分否定
2. 全部否定
3. 双重否定：①在一个句子中出现两个否定词;②形式否定，意义肯定
4. 形式肯定，意义否定
5. no more .... than与 not more ....than ;no more than与 not more than
沈阳老五0459
我现在上的E x say英语，ABC添下英与，Ekoyu口语也挺.好.，外教1对1课程，上下来英语整体水平以及口语的部份进步都挺大的，他们是快速英语速成教材，一对一家教式教学， 还使我拥有了美国人的思维，而且纠正了我的发音，推荐去听下他们的轻松试听课程，货比三家嘛。被动语句 ，定语从句，是最常用的 在像the more the more。这种句型 朋友其实这中事情还是要靠自己在下面积累，别人告诉的不一定适合你，你可以找一些范文把里面的精髓都给挑出来 做好笔记 比如好的句型 用的好的高级词汇 连词，短语，这些都是一边好作文的必备要素，都可以成为你作文中的亮点。加油！!
pan369247787
英语作文常用的是开头语：Hello,everyone!要想表达步骤的话，可以用first、next、then、finaly来表示。用来表示过渡的话可以用连词来表示：but、notonly…butalso、either…nor等。用来总结的句子可以是：Lastbutonlyleast.Inshort.
小捞出吱吱吱
备考英语（二）最大的资本就是课本，考生最少要留一个月时间，把课文从头到尾复习一遍，力求吃透课本知识。3个月复习时间比较紧张，基础不好的考生还要多下功夫。十月份刚考完的考生，如考得不理想，如能充分利用这3个月复习，进步会很大。课本学习重点是A课文，也不能放弃B课文，例如今年10月份考试一道汉译英的题就出自B课文。但如果时间紧，首先要保证A课文的学习，包括A课文后面的练习题都要认真做，因为A课文大约要占到80%的比重。在刚刚结束的10月份英语（二）考试中就特别明显，从书中出题的比例很大，甚至最后一道英译汉也是从课文中选取的。单词背诵要贯穿始终，每天都要坚持背点，多重复，多回头看，多比较，可以采用联想、口诀、拆分等方法来记忆单词，日积月累才会收到良好效果。单词背诵主要以考试大纲为蓝本。可以把单词分为会拼、会用、会认三个层次，考拼写的一般不会太难，基本上中等难度，尤其字母和读音不太对称的喜欢考。词组一般要会用，剩下大部分单词会认就行。当然，每个单词都达到会拼会用就更好了。如果有时间，报个辅导班跟着老师复习可能会更系统些，但要注意选择权威的辅导班。也可购买权威的光盘在家复习。多做真题善积累第二个月复习重点是做题，做题要选择英语（二）历年真题。因为真题的含金量最大，可以通过历年真题了解到考试重点和题型分布。对于以前做过的题目，不妨回头再做，有的题隔一段时间再做，可以加强复习效果。对于像完型填空、阅读理解等和书上内容无关的题型，只有多做练习才能提高成绩。还可以留两套最新的真题到临近考试时测试用。在做题过程中，如果发现不懂的地方，要及时翻书，再把知识点夯实。在做真题的同时，还要选择一些适合的模拟题来做。模拟题一定要找适合自考水平的题，如果选择太难或太易的题，对于英语（二）考试没有太大的作用。通过做题要掌握解题技巧，摸清出题思路，达到熟能生巧。平时还要注意多积累课本以外的知识，这对提高阅读理解解题能力有较大帮助。例如，如果有时间就要多看看与自考难易程度相当的文章。不能选择四、六级、考、托福等考试的阅读来做，难度大会打击信心，可以看些《大学英语》、《英语沙龙》等有英汉对照的刊物来看。还有阅读的题材，在英语（二）中，阅读理解喜欢考教育、社会问题、风俗习惯、科普等题材文章，可以在这些领域多了解点。查漏补缺进状态最后一个月，还要再复习一遍，可根据自己的情况重点复习，例如重点的语法。语法复习在英语学习中占有很重要的地位，但英语语法学习不能死学，一定要把记和练结合起来。有的考生往往把语法术语记得很熟，但是一到做题时就傻眼了。在英语（二）考试中，像虚拟语气，谓语动词、非谓语动词，各种从句等都是重点，如果在做题时觉得哪部分不清楚，都要及时回到课本中再熟悉，拾遗补漏。临考阶段，最好把每一课中最重点的内容再复习一遍，例如可以把书中重点的句子背诵下来。这一时期，可以把留下的两套最新真题拿来测试，看看自己大概的水平。对于薄弱的地方，要利用最后一个月重点突击。按照以往题型，在考试时的做题原则，应该是哪些分值多就要多花时间，如果有主观题要先做主观题，后做客观题。
春天的玉米粒
高级英语作文必背万能句型
导语：要写一篇高分英语作文，平时必须背一些万能句型，以便考试的时候能灵活运用，下面是我收集整理的高级英语作文必背万能句型，欢迎参考!
1. According to a recent survey, four million people die each year from diseases linked to smoking.
依照最近的一项调查，每年有4,000,000人死于与吸烟有关的疾病。
2. The latest surveys show that quite a few children have unpleasant associations with homework.
最近的调查显示相当多的孩子对家庭作业没什么好感。
3. No invention has received more praise and abuse than Internet.
没有一项发明像互联网一样同时受到如此多的赞扬和批评。
4. People seem to fail to take into account the fact that education does not end with graduation.
人们似乎忽视了教育不应该随着毕业而结束这一事实。
5. An increasing number of people are beginning to realize that education is not complete with graduation.
越来越多的人开始意识到教育不能随着毕业而结束。
6. When it comes to education, the majority of people believe that education is a lifetime study.
说到教育，大部分人认为其是一个终生的学习。
7. Many experts point out that physical exercise contributes directly to a persons physical fitness.
许多专家指出体育锻炼直接有助于身体健康。
8. Proper measures must be taken to limit the number of foreign tourists and the great efforts should be made to protect local environment and history from the harmful effects of international tourism.
应该采取适当的`措施限制外国旅游者的数量，努力保护当地环境和历史不受国际旅游业的不利影响。
9. An increasing number of experts believe that migrants will exert positive effects on construction of city. However， this opinion is now being questioned by more and more city residents， who complain that the migrants have brought many serious problems like crime and prostitution.
越来越多的专家相信移民对城市的建设起到积极作用。然而，越来越多的城市居民却怀疑这种说法，他们抱怨民工给城市带来了许多严重的问题，像犯罪和****.
1. 相反，有一些人赞成……，他们相信……，而且，他们认为……。
On the contrary，there are some people in favor of ___.At the same time，they say____.
2. 但是，我认为这不是解决……的好方法，比如……。最糟糕的是……。
But I don"t think it is a very good way to solve ____.For example，____.Worst of all，___.
3. ……对我们国家的发展和建设是必不可少的，(也是)非常重要的。首先，……。而且……，最重要的是……
______is necessary and important to our country"s development and construction. First，______.What"s more, _____.Most important of all,______.
4. 有几个可供我们采纳的方法。首先，我们可以……。
There are several measures for us to adopt. First, we can______
5. 面临……，我们应该采取一系列行之有效的方法来……。一方面……，另一方面，
Confronted with______，we should take a series of effective measures to______. For one thing，______For another，______
6. 早就应该拿出行动了。比如说……，另外……。所有这些方法肯定会……。
It is high time that something was done about it. For example. _____.In addition. _____.All these measures will certainly______.
7. 为什么……?第一个原因是……;第二个原因是……;第三个原因是……。总的来说，……的主要原因是由于……
Why______? The first reason is that ______.The second reason is ______.The third is ______.For all this, the main cause of ______due to ______.
8. 然而，正如任何事物都有好坏两个方面一样，……也有它的不利的一面，象……。
However, just like everything has both its good and bad sides, ______also has its own disadvantages, such as ______.
9. 尽管如此，我相信……更有利。
Nonetheless, I believe that ______is more advantageous.
10. 完全同意……这种观点(陈述)，主要理由如下：
I fully agree with the statement that ______ because______.
1、Taking all these factors into consideration， we naturally come to the conclusion that…
把所有这些因素加以考虑，我们自然会得出结论……
2、Taking into account all these factors， we may reasonably come to the conclusion that …
考虑所有这些因素，我们可能会得出合理的结论……
3、Hence/Therefore， we'd better come to the conclusion that …
因此，我们最好得出这样的结论……
4、There is no doubt that (job-hopping) has its drawbacks as well as merits.
毫无疑问，跳槽有优点也有缺点。
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