语言与文化自考真题2021题

全国2011年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. In its broad sense culture is ______ Whatever distinguishes man from the rest part of the world is culture. ()A. social organizations B. the features of the worldC. the attributes of man D. human development2. ______ is，perhaps，the best known subject in which the interaction between language，thought and culture is investigated. ()A. Nonverbal communication B. Intercultural communicationC. Verbal communication D. Translation3. Culture is a loan word from . ()A. French B. LatinC. Roman D. Norwegian4. “Greenhouse” in English and “温室” in Chinese differ in their ______ meaning. ()A. social B. conceptualC. thematic D. reflected5. ______ is a grammatical category of nouns in English，as illustrated by the simple sentence “We are students”. ()A. Person B. CaseC. Number D. Degree6. Westerners tend to be ______ thinkers. ()A. holistic B. subjectiveC. analytic D. objective7. When English speaking people part，they are expected to say“ ______”. ()A. It’s nice to have met you B. I am pleased to meet youC. Thank you very much D. You are welcome8. If a compliment comes to a westerner for his good Chinese，he would reply“______ ”. ()A. No. No. That’s not true B. Thank you for encouraging meC. Sorry，I can’t speaking Chinese well D. Thank you. I am glad to hear that9. ______ contain folk wisdom rather than scientific accuracy. ()A. Idioms B. MetaphorsC. Similes D. Proverbs10. The proverb “Carry coals to Newcastle” is related to ______. ()A. navigation B. geographyC. literature D. Christianity11. The English equivalent for “开某人的玩笑” or “捉弄某人” is “______ ”. ()A. to kid somebody’s brain B. to make one’s faceC. to get one’s hand D. to pull somebody’s leg12. The colour word “______” is associated with profit in business. ()A. white B. blueC. red D. black13. “I’m disadvantaged，for I still don’t have a cent to my name. ” In the above sentence，the word “disadvantaged” means ______. ()A. unfavourable B. disagreedC. poor D. nameless14. Anything that is ______ by religion，tradition or social usage is a taboo. ()A. prohibited B. allowedC. unprohibited D. encouraged15. Man: Would you like to see a movie with me tonight? () Woman: It looks like raining. The above sentences are linked by ______. A. grammar B. lexicalC. phonetics D. meaning16. John overslept this morning. Otherwise he wouldn’t have been late for school. () The logical relationship between the above sentences is______. A. additive B. adversativeC. causal D. temporal17. The word “______” is American spelling. ()A. colour B. travellerC. metre D. defense18. Nike is the name of ______ in Greek mythology. ()A. a heroine B. the goddess of victoryC. the goddess of fortune D. a wealthy lady19. The nonverbal messages that are consistent with accompanying verbal messages，but add to or strengthen or clarify the verbal message serve the function of ______. ()A. regulating B. repeatingC. complementing D. accenting20. “Rubbing one’s thumb against one’s forefinger and middle finger” means ______ in English body language system. ()A. victory B. dirtC. OK D. moneyⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. ______can convey messages in face-to-face communication. ()A. Gestures B. Written symbolsC. Facial expressions D. Phonetic alphabets22. English words borrowed from Latin are normally used in ______ contexts. ()A. informal B. academicC. religious D. intimate23. ______ are a category of the subjunctive mood in English. ()A. Mandative subjunctives B. Formulaic subjunctivesC. Conditionals D. Assumptives24. In a telephone call，if the person wanted is not available，it is customary for the English speaking person to say “______”. ()A. Thank you for calling. B. Hold on a moment. C. May I take a message? D. Would you like to leave a message?25. English proverbs can be classified into ______ categories. ()A. Christianity B. sexismC. individualism D. metaphors26. Which of the following are metaphorical expressions about ideas? ()A. He is the father of modern biology. B. His ideas will live on forever. C. I’ve had a full life. D. Life is empty for him. 27. --- Pass me the salt. () --- Pass me the salt，please. --- Would you please pass me the salt? The above utterances are arranged in an order of increasing degrees of______. A. formality B. informalityC. politeness D. impoliteness28. In a normal text，sentences are connected . ()A. informally B. formallyC. hypotactically D. paratactically29. In Chinese newspapers，______ are not reported so frequently as in English newspapers. ()A. political achievements B. cultural achievementsC. crimes D. disasters30. Our body odours may be affected by ______. ()A. orientation of house B. exercise scheduleC. drinking water D. emotional stateⅢ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)31. Value systems，world views，national traits，aesthetic standards and thinking patterns are often regarded as the central part of ______. 32. Major English speaking countries，especially the United States，are “countries on the ______”，which is illustrated by such words as “drive-ins”，“motels”，and “diners”. 33. Subjects and ______ are not so frequently omitted in English as in Chinese，as illustrated by the sentence “This book is very interesting，Would you like to read it?”34. In English speaking cultures，it is customary for the person calling or the elderly person to hang up the receiver ______. 35. “A Trojan horse” is an allusion derived from ______. 36. The English speaking people use the word “chicken” metaphorically to refer to a ______. 37. Many plant and place names such as “poker” and “Mississippi” in American English come from ______. 38. It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more ______ than English advertising. 39. The ______ zone ranges from touching to 18 inches. It is usually reserved for the very few special people in our lives who are very close to us. 40. Technical time refers to precise，scientific ______ of time counted in ordered， logical sequences. Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly. (12 %)41. What does the statement “Language is the carrier and container of culture. ” mean?42. Is “spiritual” a true equivalent to“精神上的”?43. How is the letter “i” pronounced differently when it occurs before “le” in American and British English?44. What does the gesture “touching or pointing to one’s own nose by raised thumb” signify in western culture?Ⅴ. Translation. (18 % )45. Men and women，old and young，all joined in the battle. 46. God help those who help themselves. 47. Many people intend to get white-collar jobs after graduation. 48. 请赐教。49. 敬请光临寒舍。50. 2011年11月1日上午8点火车将到达北京。Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics. (20 %)51. What is your interpretation of the proverb “An Englishman’s house is his castle” and people’s behaviours related to the proverb?52. How would you define “common core English” from the viewpoint of the speaking style?

一、试题分析与评价 近年来，全国卷语文试题“语言文字运用”客观题部分均采用情境化阅读的形式考查（全国一卷从2013年开始；全国二卷从2018年开始）。这种考查形式一方面增加了文本的阅读量，另一方面将阅读和运用充分结合起来，有利于检测学生在真实情境中运用语言文字的实际水平，“引导学生在真实的语言运用情境中，通过自主语言实践活动积累言语经验，把握语言文字特点和运用规律，加深对祖国语言文字的理解与感受”（2017版普通高中语文课程标准）。综览近三年全国二卷（含21年乙卷）语言文字运用客观题，感觉呈现出以下比较明显的特点： 1.试题结构：三道选择题，每题3分，共9分；考点涉及“正确使用词语”“病句辨析与修改”“语言表达连贯”“正确使用标点符号”等；难度结构中等偏上。 2.试题特点 ①综合性强。传统高考“语言文字运用”客观题将词语使用、病句修改、标点使用、语句复位（语言连贯）等题目分别命制，不同的考点对应不同的语言材料，材料彼此独立。新高考则使不同考点共用一则材料，增加了比较、辨析和判断的难度。 ②灵活度高。三年来全国二卷“语言文字运用”客观题将主要考点虽然都设在词语使用、病句修改、标点使用和语句复位等几个方面，但对应具体年份，3道题在4个考点的选择上或每个考点内容的侧重上，却呈现出较为明显的变化，充分体现了高考试题“反押题”的特点。如2019年对应考查了语句复位、使用标点、修改病句3个考点。2020年和2021年则对应考查了使用词语、修改病句和语句复位三个考点。这两年对应的考点虽然相同，但侧重点不同，如“使用词语”，2020年侧重对一般双音节实词和虚词选用的考查，2021年则侧重对成语选用的考查；“修改病句”，2020年侧重对成分残缺、搭配不当等语病类型的识别与修改，2021年则侧重对句式杂糅、语序不当等语病类型的识别与修改；“语句复位”，2020年重对语段因果逻辑关系的把握，2021年侧重对语段并列逻辑关系的把握。 ③高阶能力占比增加。随着新高考改革的持续深化，近年来语言文字运用题目越来越多地抛弃了传统高考以考查学生“记忆力”“浅表层次理解力”“近迁移应用能力”等低阶能力为主的题目，代之以以考查学生深入理解、比较、分析、推断等高阶能力为主的题目。充分体现了国家对未来人才素质的新要求，呼应了教育部立足于全面育人目标而提出的“一体四层四翼”的新高考评价标准中关于“关键能力”和“核心素养”的考查倾向。 ④传统文化与生活化。三年来全国二卷的“语言文字运用”客观题在语料选择上始终坚持传统文化导向或生活化导向。2019年的“中国画”材料和2020年的“甲骨文”材料，有利于增强考生对中华优秀传同文化的认同和感知，增强民族自豪感和凝聚力，发挥“高考育人”功能；2020年的“互联网背景下的人际交往”材料，立足于社会生活实际，有助于拉近高考试题和考生的距离，也有助于帮助学生更好地了解生活，关注生活，融入社会。 二、备考建议 1.精细 情境化试题命制特别侧重考查学生在复杂的语言情境中辨析细微语言差别的能力，这就要求我们平时的教学千万不要粗枝大叶，而要反复研究高考真题，帮助学生养成细致分析和认真答题的习惯。今年乙卷18题，许多学生由于没有搞清并列关系和递进关系的区别而导致误选B项。 2.扎实 高考试题的解答，虽然最终体现在能力上，但没有过硬的必备知识，能力体现也只能是空中楼阁。实践表明，“语言文字运用”主要考查学生对语言规律的掌握和应用情况。高考备考必须帮助学生建构好基础词汇、基础语法、基本逻辑和常用修辞方面的知识体系，方能使学生以“不变应万变”，更科学、更专业地解答高考试题。