语言与文化自考真题答案

全国2011年10月高等教育自学考试语言与文化试题课程代码：00838Ⅰ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which of the four alternatives best completes the statement. (20%)1. In its broad sense culture is ______ Whatever distinguishes man from the rest part of the world is culture. ()A. social organizations B. the features of the worldC. the attributes of man D. human development2. ______ is，perhaps，the best known subject in which the interaction between language，thought and culture is investigated. ()A. Nonverbal communication B. Intercultural communicationC. Verbal communication D. Translation3. Culture is a loan word from . ()A. French B. LatinC. Roman D. Norwegian4. “Greenhouse” in English and “温室” in Chinese differ in their ______ meaning. ()A. social B. conceptualC. thematic D. reflected5. ______ is a grammatical category of nouns in English，as illustrated by the simple sentence “We are students”. ()A. Person B. CaseC. Number D. Degree6. Westerners tend to be ______ thinkers. ()A. holistic B. subjectiveC. analytic D. objective7. When English speaking people part，they are expected to say“ ______”. ()A. It’s nice to have met you B. I am pleased to meet youC. Thank you very much D. You are welcome8. If a compliment comes to a westerner for his good Chinese，he would reply“______ ”. ()A. No. No. That’s not true B. Thank you for encouraging meC. Sorry，I can’t speaking Chinese well D. Thank you. I am glad to hear that9. ______ contain folk wisdom rather than scientific accuracy. ()A. Idioms B. MetaphorsC. Similes D. Proverbs10. The proverb “Carry coals to Newcastle” is related to ______. ()A. navigation B. geographyC. literature D. Christianity11. The English equivalent for “开某人的玩笑” or “捉弄某人” is “______ ”. ()A. to kid somebody’s brain B. to make one’s faceC. to get one’s hand D. to pull somebody’s leg12. The colour word “______” is associated with profit in business. ()A. white B. blueC. red D. black13. “I’m disadvantaged，for I still don’t have a cent to my name. ” In the above sentence，the word “disadvantaged” means ______. ()A. unfavourable B. disagreedC. poor D. nameless14. Anything that is ______ by religion，tradition or social usage is a taboo. ()A. prohibited B. allowedC. unprohibited D. encouraged15. Man: Would you like to see a movie with me tonight? () Woman: It looks like raining. The above sentences are linked by ______. A. grammar B. lexicalC. phonetics D. meaning16. John overslept this morning. Otherwise he wouldn’t have been late for school. () The logical relationship between the above sentences is______. A. additive B. adversativeC. causal D. temporal17. The word “______” is American spelling. ()A. colour B. travellerC. metre D. defense18. Nike is the name of ______ in Greek mythology. ()A. a heroine B. the goddess of victoryC. the goddess of fortune D. a wealthy lady19. The nonverbal messages that are consistent with accompanying verbal messages，but add to or strengthen or clarify the verbal message serve the function of ______. ()A. regulating B. repeatingC. complementing D. accenting20. “Rubbing one’s thumb against one’s forefinger and middle finger” means ______ in English body language system. ()A. victory B. dirtC. OK D. moneyⅡ. Each of the following incomplete statements is followed by four alternatives. Read each statement and the four alternatives carefully and decide which alternatives can complete the statement. There might be more than one correct answer. (10%)21. ______can convey messages in face-to-face communication. ()A. Gestures B. Written symbolsC. Facial expressions D. Phonetic alphabets22. English words borrowed from Latin are normally used in ______ contexts. ()A. informal B. academicC. religious D. intimate23. ______ are a category of the subjunctive mood in English. ()A. Mandative subjunctives B. Formulaic subjunctivesC. Conditionals D. Assumptives24. In a telephone call，if the person wanted is not available，it is customary for the English speaking person to say “______”. ()A. Thank you for calling. B. Hold on a moment. C. May I take a message? D. Would you like to leave a message?25. English proverbs can be classified into ______ categories. ()A. Christianity B. sexismC. individualism D. metaphors26. Which of the following are metaphorical expressions about ideas? ()A. He is the father of modern biology. B. His ideas will live on forever. C. I’ve had a full life. D. Life is empty for him. 27. --- Pass me the salt. () --- Pass me the salt，please. --- Would you please pass me the salt? The above utterances are arranged in an order of increasing degrees of______. A. formality B. informalityC. politeness D. impoliteness28. In a normal text，sentences are connected . ()A. informally B. formallyC. hypotactically D. paratactically29. In Chinese newspapers，______ are not reported so frequently as in English newspapers. ()A. political achievements B. cultural achievementsC. crimes D. disasters30. Our body odours may be affected by ______. ()A. orientation of house B. exercise scheduleC. drinking water D. emotional stateⅢ. Fill in each underlined space with a proper expression. (20%)31. Value systems，world views，national traits，aesthetic standards and thinking patterns are often regarded as the central part of ______. 32. Major English speaking countries，especially the United States，are “countries on the ______”，which is illustrated by such words as “drive-ins”，“motels”，and “diners”. 33. Subjects and ______ are not so frequently omitted in English as in Chinese，as illustrated by the sentence “This book is very interesting，Would you like to read it?”34. In English speaking cultures，it is customary for the person calling or the elderly person to hang up the receiver ______. 35. “A Trojan horse” is an allusion derived from ______. 36. The English speaking people use the word “chicken” metaphorically to refer to a ______. 37. Many plant and place names such as “poker” and “Mississippi” in American English come from ______. 38. It is safe to say that Chinese advertising as a whole tends to be more ______ than English advertising. 39. The ______ zone ranges from touching to 18 inches. It is usually reserved for the very few special people in our lives who are very close to us. 40. Technical time refers to precise，scientific ______ of time counted in ordered， logical sequences. Ⅳ. Answer the following questions briefly. (12 %)41. What does the statement “Language is the carrier and container of culture. ” mean?42. Is “spiritual” a true equivalent to“精神上的”?43. How is the letter “i” pronounced differently when it occurs before “le” in American and British English?44. What does the gesture “touching or pointing to one’s own nose by raised thumb” signify in western culture?Ⅴ. Translation. (18 % )45. Men and women，old and young，all joined in the battle. 46. God help those who help themselves. 47. Many people intend to get white-collar jobs after graduation. 48. 请赐教。49. 敬请光临寒舍。50. 2011年11月1日上午8点火车将到达北京。Ⅵ. Discuss the following topics. (20 %)51. What is your interpretation of the proverb “An Englishman’s house is his castle” and people’s behaviours related to the proverb?52. How would you define “common core English” from the viewpoint of the speaking style?

一、单项选择题（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分）在每小题列出的四个备选项中只有一个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选或未选均无分。1.贯穿《寡人之于国也》始终的论题是（ ）A.民何以才能够加多 B.小恩小惠不是王道C.实行王道的根本措施 D.实行王道的正确态度2.《就任北京大学校长之演说》中，提倡“砥砺德行”所针对的不良校风是（ ）A.求学为升官发财 B.读书为混取文凭C.不正当娱乐泛滥 D.不敬爱师长学友3.《咬文嚼字》中，运用“推敲”这个典故，是为了说明（ ）A.文字的运用不可粗枝大叶 B.斟酌文字是调整思想感情C.文学的文字注重联想意义 D.文字运用必须有创造精神4.《冯谖客孟尝君》中，“孟尝君就国于薛’’意味着（ ）A.失去齐王信任，罢官归去 B.衣锦荣归故里，光宗耀祖C.得到百姓拥护，奉迎返乡 D.领受齐王派遣，出使薛国5.下列作品中，主要运用细节描写手法刻画人物性格的是（ ）A.《张中丞传后叙》 B.《种树郭橐驼传》C.《马伶传》 D.《先妣事略》6.《前赤壁赋》中引起“舞幽壑之潜蛟，泣孤舟之嫠妇”的是（ ）A.“诵明月之诗，歌窈窕之章” B.“饮酒乐甚，扣舷而歌”C.“有吹洞箫者，倚歌而和” D.曹孟德“横槊赋诗”7.在《香市》的情景描写中，反衬重兴香市结果很冷落的是（ ）A.单调的锣鼓声 B.依然如昔的一泓清水C.坍塌的戏台 D.“南洋武术班”的表演8.《爱尔克的灯光》所写的“灯光”中，象征着作者对新生活的信念和对理想的追求的是（ ）A.“于是大门内亮起了灯光”、B.“哈立希岛上的灯光”、C.“在窗前发亮的灯，……灯光在呼唤我”、D.“我仿佛又看见了一线光，一个亮，这还是我常常看见的灯光”9.《我与地坛》：“当我不在家里的那些漫长的时间，她是怎样心神不定坐卧难宁，兼着痛苦与惊恐与一个母亲最低限度的祈求。”这里使用的人物描写方法是（ ）CA.肖像描写 B.行为描写C.心理描写 D.细节描写10.被王国维评为“最得风人深致”的诗歌是（ ）A.《蒹葭》 B.《湘夫人》C.《陌上桑》 D.《秋兴八首》（其一）11.《饮酒》（其五）中，包含“大隐隐于市’’意味的诗句是（ ）AA.心远地自偏 B.悠然见南山C.飞鸟相与还 D.欲辩已忘言12.《行路难》中，“欲渡黄河冰塞川，将登太行雪满山”两句的象征意义是（ ）A.仕途受阻 B.前程绝望C.行役之苦 D.岁月蹉跎l3.下列《长恨歌》诗句中，借比喻抒情的是（ ）A.揽衣推枕起徘徊，珠箔银屏逦迤开B.云鬓半偏新睡觉，花冠不整下堂来C.玉容寂寞泪阑干，梨花一枝春带雨D.含情凝睇谢君王，一别音容两渺茫14.下列诗篇中，属于七言律诗的是（ ）A.《行路难》（其一） B.《长恨歌》C.《早雁》 D.《虞美人》（春花秋月何时了）15.《声声慢》（寻寻觅觅）中，最后导发“怎一个愁字了得”呼告的景物是（ ）A.晚来风急 B.旧时相识C.黄花堆积 D.梧桐细雨16.《一句话》中，“青天霹雳”的隐喻意义是（ ）A.蕴藏着巨大革命力量的民众 B.民众中压抑不住的革命情绪C.民众革命运动的声威和力量 D.诗人对民众革命的坚定信心17.《再别康桥》中，隐喻美好理想的是（ ）A.西天的云彩 B.河畔的金柳C.康河的柔波 D.彩虹似的梦18.《雨巷》中，“独自彷徨”的象征意义是（ ）A.孤独当中的苦闷 B.迷茫之中的寻求C.访人不遇的怅惘 D.周围环境的冷寂19.“宝玉见了这般，又自己后悔：‘方才不该和他较证，这会子他这样光景，我又替不了他。’ ”这段文字所运用的人物描写方法是（ ）A.行为描写 B.语言描写C.细节描写 D.心理描写20.《苦恼》中，车夫姚纳的主要苦恼是（ ）A.天黑雪大无人乘车 B.儿子死了无依无靠C.诉说苦恼无人肯听 D.收入微薄生活艰难二、多项选择题（本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分）在每小题列出的五个备选项中至少有两个是符合题目要求的，请将其代码填写在题后的括号内。错选、多选、少选或未选均无分。21.下列文章，采用寓言形式的有（ ）A.《秋水》 B.《吃饭》 C.《蚂蚁大战》 D.《婴宁》 E.《种树郭橐驼传》22.《秋夜》一文的写作特点有（ ）A.隐喻象征，意在言外 B.拟人拟物，生动传神 C.语言冷峻，意境幽深D.借助对比，突出主题 E.感情复杂，褒贬分明23.《摸鱼儿》（更能消几番风雨）所包蕴的情感内容有（ ）A.对报国无门的悲愤 B.对妥协政策的怨刺 C.对羁旅行役的愁苦 D.对国势危殆的忧虑 E.对权奸当道的怒斥24.《祖国啊，我亲爱的祖国》中，象征贫穷落后沉重负载的意象有（ ）A.熏黑的矿灯 B.古莲的胚芽 C.干瘪的稻穗 D.失修的路基 E.挂泪的笑涡25.下列作品中，具有悲剧色彩的有（ ）A.《婴宁》 B.《断魂枪》 C.《哦，香雪》 D.《苦恼》 E.《金鲤鱼的百裥裙》三、词语解释题（本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分）26.直不百步耳，是亦走也直：仅，只27.号物之数谓之万号：称28.何其衰也何其：.多么29.即彼成我败所由判也判：区别30.项王军壁垓下壁：营垒，在。。。。。。扎营31.贺兰嫉巡、远之声威功绩出己上出己上：超过自己32.虽驱世以笑我驱世：意为世上所有的人33.知不可乎骤得骤：迅速、轻易34.峨冠盛筵峨冠：高帽35.譬如在园中最为落寞的时间落寞：寂寞四、简析题（本大题共5小题，每小题6分，共30分）36.阅读《秋水》中的一段文字，回答问题：五帝之所连，三王之所争，仁人之所忧，任士之所劳，尽此矣。伯夷辞之以为名，仲尼语之以为博，此其自多也，不似尔向之自多于水乎?A.庄子嘲讽伯夷、仲尼“自多”所依据的理念是什么?答：所依据的理念是“宇宙无限而人的认识有限。”B.这里运用了哪两种论证方法?答：归纳法和类比法C.这里采用了哪些修辞手法?答：排比、对偶、反问37.阅读《垓下之围》中的一段文字，回答问题：项王军壁垓下，兵少食尽，汉军及诸侯兵围之数重。夜闻汉军四面皆楚歌，项王乃大惊曰：“汉皆已得楚乎?是何楚人之多也!’’项王则夜起，饮帐中。有美人名虞，常幸从；骏马名骓，常骑之。于是项王乃悲歌慷慨，自为诗曰：“力拔山兮气盖世，时不利兮骓不逝；骓不逝兮可奈何，虞兮虞兮奈若何!”歌数阕，美人和之。项王泣数行下。左右皆泣，莫能仰视。A.写出这段文字中引出的两个成语。答：霸王别姬、四面楚歌B.项羽的诗表现了他怎样的性格特点?答：自以为天下第一，但承认自己失败了，无可奈何的心情；面对战马、虞姬即无可奈何又含情脉脉。C.文中运用了哪些人物描写方法?答：语言描写、行为描写38.阅读《哭小弟》中的一段文字，回答问题：小弟白面长身，美丰仪；喜文艺，娴诗词；且工书法篆刻。父亲在挽联中说他是“全才罕遇”，实非夸张。如果他有三次生命，他的多方面的才能和精力也是用不完的；可就这一辈子，也没有得以充分地发挥和施展。他病危弥留的时间很长，他那颗丹心，那颗让祖国飞起来的丹心，顽强地跳动，不肯停息。他不甘心!这样壮志未酬的人，不只他一个呵!A.举例说明文中的正面描写与侧面描写。答：正面描写“白面长身，美丰仪；喜文艺，娴诗词；且工书法篆刻”；侧面描写“父亲在挽联中说他是全才罕遇” B.这段文字的写作特点是什么?答：融描写、议论、抒情于一体C.联系全文，“这样壮志未酬的人，不只他一个呵’’一句有何深意?答：由“哭小弟”到“哭一代知识分子”，深化主题。39.阅读《湘夫人》中的一段，回答问题：帝子降兮北渚，目眇眇兮愁予。嫋嫋兮秋风，洞庭波兮木叶下。A.前两句为全诗设定了怎样的情景?答：期约不遇、充满忧伤B.这一情景与《蒹葭》中的什么情景相近?答：在水一方，渴望难极。C.这里运用了怎样的情景交融方式?答：融情入景。40.阅读《断魂枪》中的一段文字，回答问题：谁不晓得沙子龙是利落，短瘦，硬棒，两眼明得像霜夜的大星?可是，现在他身上放了肉。镖局改了客栈，他自己在后小院占着三间北房，大枪立在墙角，院子里有几只楼鸽。只是在夜间，他把小院的门关好，熟习熟习他的“五虎断魂枪”。这条枪与这套枪，二十年的工夫，在西北一带，给他创出来：“神枪沙子龙”五个字，没遇见过敌手。现在，这条枪与这套枪不会再替他增光显胜了；只是摸摸这凉，滑，硬而发颤的杆子，使他心中少难过一些而已。只有在夜间独自拿起枪来，才能相信自己还是“神枪沙”。在白天，他不大谈武艺与往事；他的世界已被狂风吹了走。A.举例说明这段文字中对沙子龙的描写所运用的三种人物描写方法。答：肖像描写：两眼明得像霜夜的大星行为描写：只是摸摸这凉，滑，硬而发颤的杆子心理描写：使他心中少难过一些而已B.沙子龙“镖局改了客栈”反映了怎样的社会背景?答：时代变化，在西方坚船利炮前，以刀枪棍棒为代表的国术无用了，不得不谋求改变。C.沙子龙夜间练枪表现出他怎样的性格特征?答：仍沉湎于“神枪沙子龙”的旧梦，珍爱在“快枪”面前无用的断魂枪。五、作文题（30分）41.以“我的财富”为题，写一篇不少于800字的文章。除诗歌外，文体不限。参考答案：一、 单选题1-20 ACBAD CDDCA AACCD CDBDC二、 多选题21-25 AE ABCE ABDE ACD ABDE

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