自考英语词组大全

Unit11（第32讲—第34讲） come up with 这个短语我们在前面碰到过，意思是“提供，提出，想出”，在本句中该短语意为“产生，制造出”。 1）We always count on Xian Li to come up with help of one kind or another.（我们总是可以指望小李提供这样或那样的帮助。） 2）He came up with a good idea after 2 hours' of thinking.（经过两个小时的思考，他想出了一个好主意。） 3）The company has come up with a new time-saving device. （这家公司已制造出一种新的省时装置。） get rid of 这个短语已在词汇部分做了讲解，请再看两个例句： 1）It is not easy to get rid of a bad habit （去掉不良习惯不是一件容易的事） 2）I want to get rid of this old bike and buy a new one.（我想卖掉这辆旧自行车，买辆新的。） 3. The Ericssons needn't have worried 表示姓名的专有名词变成复数，前面加定冠词the，指此姓的一家人，或夫妇俩，如： 1） The Blacks were in France when the earthquake happened in their hometown（家乡发生地震时，布莱克一家正在法国。） 2） The wangs were holding a birthday party when the police paid them a visit.（警察来访时，王先生夫妇在举行生日聚会。） “needn't + have + 过去分词”表示在某时之前本无必要做某事，如： 1） We needn't have worried so much about him. He is old enough to take care of himself.（我们本无必要为他如此担心，他是大人了，该会照顾自己了。） 2） You needn't have told him everything about it. It has nothing to do with him.（你本无必要把一切都告诉他，这件事跟他无关。） 3） I needn't have worked so hard if you could give me a little help.（如果你给我一点帮助，我本不用如此辛苦的。） 4. Eager buyers bought all but 50 of the items in one weekend leaving the family $442 richer. all but是一个常用短语，意思是“几乎，差不多；除了……都”，如： 1） Give me one more minute. I have all but finished.（再给我一分钟，我差不多要做完了。） 2） He found all but one exit blocked.（除了一个出口外，其余的出口都被封了。） 3） All the boys but him went camping last weekend.（上周末除了他之外，所有的男孩都出去野营了。） leave在本句中的意思是“使……处于某种状态”，如： 1）Leave the door open.（让门开着吧。） 2）The seven-day strike left the company in great confusion.（为期七天的罢工使公司极其混乱。） 3）The result has left everybody dissatisfied.（结果使每一个人都不满意。） 4）The new policy would leave taxpayers worse off.（新政策使纳税人处境更糟。） 5. Rising living costs are considered by almost everyone as a reason both for holding sales and for attending them 本句中的rising可以看作为形容词，做定词，修饰其后的名词短语， 如：rising prices （上涨的物价），the rising rate of inflation（上升的通货澎胀率）， rising sun（升起的太阳朝阳） consider 是一个常用动词，请看下面的例句，注意consider的用法： 1） They consider themselves to be very lucky. （ 他们认为自己很幸运。Consider to be） 2） They don't consider it as important.（他们认为这个不重要。consider as， 用被动语态则是be considered as ） 3） He is considering moving to a smaller city.（他正在考虑搬到小一点的城市去。Consider doing sth.） 4） I consider that one computer is not enough. （我估计一台电脑不够用。Consider+a clause） 在前一单元我们讲到过，reason后面可以跟for， 也可以跟why，只是在for后面必须用名词或名词短语，在why后面必须用句子。请再看两个例句： 1） Nobody knows the reason why he is so upset.（谁也不知道他为什么如此沮丧。） 2） The reason for his going to France was unknown.（无人知晓他去法国的原因。） 6. But beyond that， they are fun. beyond 是一个常用词，在本句中做介词用，意思是“除…以外”，相当于besides，多用于否定句和疑问句中，如： 1） I know nothing of it beyond what you told me.（除了你告诉我的以外，别的我都不知道。） 2） Beyond that， there is nothing more I can say.（除了那个，我再也没什么可说的了。） 3） He owns nothing beyond the shabby house.（除了那个破旧的房子，他一无所有。） beyond做介词用时，还有“在…的那边；迟于；超出”等意思，如： 1）What lies beyond the mountain？（山那边有什么？） 2）Don't stay there beyond midnight.（别在那儿待到半夜后） 3）What he said is beyond my understanding.（他说的话我不懂） 4）How he managed to find us is beyond me.（我不清楚他是如何设法找到我们的。） 7.One psychologist suggests that people are fed up with the computerization of their lives. 在动词suggest （建议，提议）后面可以用doing sth.和that从句，在that从句中用虚拟语气，请看例句： 1） I suggest bringing the meeting to an end（我建议结束会议。） 2） He suggested that the work （should） be started at once.（他建议立即动工。） 3） Her parents suggested that she （should） have a medical examination.（她父母建议她做一次体检。） 当suggest的意思为“认为；暗示；启发；表明”时，that从句中不用虚拟语气，如： 1） Jane's pale face suggested that she was ill （珍妮苍白有脸色表明她病了。）。 2） He suggested that accident was my fault. （他认为那起事故是我的过错。） be fed up with意思是“厌倦，”相当于be tired of 或 be weary of，如： 1）I'm fed up with his complaints（对他的抱怨我厌倦之极。） 2）Many students are fed up with some of the dull courses（许多学生对一些乏味的课程甚为厌倦。） 8.Many of the younger buyers say they are turned off by the poor quality of modern goods and are looking for remnants of a stringer and firmer era， when things were built to last. turn off是个常用短语，通常表示“关掉；解雇；避开，”在本句中的意思是“失去兴趣”，请看例句： 1）Be sure to turn off the lights before you leave.（请你离开前务必把灯关掉。） 2）She was turn off by the boss as she couldn't type fast enough.（她因打字不够快而被老板解雇。） 3）He turned off the question with a shrug of the shoulder.（他耸耸肩回避开了这个问题。） 4）This music really turns me off.（这种音乐真叫我倒胃。） 5）A number of students are turned off by this subject.（这门课使许多学生厌烦。） 句中的when是一个关系副词，引导非限定定语从句，也可把when看作是并列连词，意思相当于at the time，如： 1）The meeting will be put off till next week， when all the participants will arrive from different parts of the country.（会议被推迟到下周，届时所有的与会者将从全国各地赶来。） 2）I'll join you next month， when I will have made all the preparations.（我下个月加入你们当中，那时我将做好一切准备。） 9. ……it blesseth him that gives and him that takes blesseth 为古英语动词现在时第三人称单数，相当于现在的blesses.句中的that引导的是定语从句，如： 1） God help those that help themselves.（自助者天助。） 2） Give it to whoever that is in need of help.（把这个给任何一个需要帮助的人。） 本课主要词组 1. sort through 2. come up with 3. all sorts of 4. get rid of 5. set out 6. all but 7. put up 8. be considered as 9. be fed up with 10. search for 11. turn off 12. run across 13. in the back of one's mind 14. （be） of great value 15. separate…from 16. be bound to 17. be faced with 短语表达 1. urge sb. to do sth. /be urged to do sth. They urged the management to give them a definite answer. 2. without adv. Never mind， we can manage without. 3. instead of He stayed at home reading instead of going to see a film. 4. range from …to The boys range in age from 7 to 13. 5. specialize in He specialized in biology. 6. at low prices This small shop offers goods at low prices. 7. be likely to He is likely to come late. 8. refer to He used to be referred to as “the Iron Man”。 9. be known for China is known for its silk and tea. 10. keep the flavor The vegetable cannot keep its flavor if overcooked.

Unit12（第35讲—第37讲） 2. Few people ask by what authority the writers of dictionaries and grammars say what they say. 句子中的few表示否定，意思是“很少的，几乎没有的”，如果用a few则表示肯定，意思是“有些，几个”。如： 1） Very few people survived the explosion.（在爆炸中幸存的人很少。） 2） Many of us tried but very few succeeded .（我们许多人都试了，但成功者甚少。） 3） He will try it a few more times.（他会再试几次。） 4） A few of my friends speak English.（我的朋友中有几个人能讲英语。） by在本句中的意思相当于according to （根据）。如： 1） Never judge a person by his appearance.（千万别以貌取人。） 2） He would be classified as rich by Chinese standards.（依照中国的标准，他会被归于富有一类。） authority这个词在词汇部分已做过讲解，我们在此再巩固一下。Authorities常指“*，官方”，用作不可数名词时，常指“权力，管辖权”，用作可数名词时，常指“专家，权威”。如： 1）The labor union continued to seek dialogue with the authorities.（工会继续寻求与*对话的机会。） 2）Police have the authority to arrest law-breakers.（警察有权逮捕犯法的人。） 3）He had made efforts to exercise his authority over those young people（他已努力对那些年轻人行使管辖权。） 4）A good dictionary is an authority on the meanings of words.（一本好的词典是词义方面的权威。） 5）He is now an authority on American literature.（现在他成了美国文学方面的专家。） 本句中what是一个关系代词，引导宾语从句，如： 1）We always mean what we say.（我们向来说话算数。） 2）Let him do what he wants to do.（让他去做他想做的事。） 3）I don't know what they know.（他们知道的事我并不知道。） 3.I once got into a dispute with an English woman over the pronunciation of a word and offered to look it up in the dictionary. once在本句中的意思是“一次，曾经”。在某些语言环境中，once也可以表示：一旦……（就……）。请看下面的例句，注意，once的不同意思： 1）He once lived in Shanghai.（他曾经在上海住过。） 2）Even if you only do it once， you will forever remember it.（即使你只做一次，你会永远记得。） 3）It once belonged to my father.（这个曾经属于我父亲。） 4）Once the sun had set， the air turned cold.（太阳一落，空气就变冷了。） 5）Once you show any fear， he will attack you.（你一直露出恐惧，他就会攻击你。） 6）Once published， the book will be very popular.（这本书一旦出版就会大受欢迎。） get into a dispute with sb. over sth.与某人就某问题进行争论，over 也可用about 替换。如： 1） They had a dispute about where to go.（他们为了去哪里而争论。） 2） The workers and the management got into a dispute over pay.（工人和厂方由于工资问题产生争端。） 3） It was a dispute over economic policy.（这是一场关于经济政策的争论。） 4. …anyone who is willing to quarrel with the dictionary is regarded as either eccentric or mad. who引导的是一个定语从句，修饰anyone. be willing to意思是：愿意做……，如： 1）He is willing to help us.（他愿意帮助我们。） 2）No one is willing to pay so much money for this old bike.（谁也不愿意付这么多钱买这辆旧自行车。） quarrel with sb.意思是“与某人争吵”。如： 1） He quarreled with his brother yesterday.（他昨天跟他兄弟吵架了。） 2） I don't want to quarrel with you about it.（我不想为此事跟你争吵。） regard as 意思是“把……看作为”，在其后可以跟名词（或名词短语，动名词短语）；形容词等。如： 1） He regarded the book as one of his masterpieces.（他把这本书看作是他的杰作之一。） 2） He was regarded as an important figure in history.（他被看作为历的重要人物。） 3） Nobody would regard this as important.（没人会认为这件事很重要。） 4） Many people regard parents as being responsible for the control of their children.（许多人认为父母应负责管教子女。） either…or…。意思是为“不是……就是……”，“要么……要么……”。如： 1）He is either drunk or mad.（他不是醉了就是疯了。） 2）Tell them that they can either stay or leave immediately.（告诉他们，他们要么留下，要么现在就离开。） 3）Either my brother or I am going to see my father off.（不是我兄弟就是我去为父亲送行。） 5. The task of writing a dictionary begins with the reading of vast amounts of the literature of the period or subject that the dictionary is to cover. begin with 在本句中的意思是“以……开始；以……为起点”。如： 1）I shall begin with this book today.（我打算今天先读这本书。） 2）The drought began with that dry and hot summer.（干旱是从那个干热的夏季开始的。） 3）The teacher began the class with a story.（老师以一个故事开始了讲课。） amount可以做可数名词用，也可以做不可数名词用，意思是“数量，数额”。amount的谓词动词的数与amount的数一致，而与所修饰的名词的数无关。如： 1） A large amount of money was spent on this project. 2） Large amounts of money were spent on this project. That引导的是一个定语从句，修饰the dictionary 在be动词的后面加动词不定式，表示“安排、命令、职责、目的、用途、可能性等”。如： 1）We are to meet at the station at 5：00 （我们约定5点钟在车站碰头。） 2）You are to be back by 9：00.（你得在9点钟前回来。） 3）The report is to be found in today's papers.（那个报道可在今天的报上找到。） Cover在本句中的意思是“涉及”。如： 1） His researches covered a wide field .（他的研究涉及范围很广。） 2） They covered many topics in their conversation.（他们谈话时讨论了许多问题。） 6. The writing of a dictionary is not a task of setting up authoritative statements about the “true meanings” of words， but a task of recording to the best of one's ability， that various words have meant to authors in the distant or immediate past. Not…but在本句中的意思是“不是……而是”。如： 1）What he needs is not money but some understanding. （他所需要的不是钱，而是一些理解。） 2）The story I have read is not a comedy but a tragedy.（我读的那个故事不是个喜剧而是个悲剧。） To the best of one's ability 意思是“尽某人的努力”。如： 1） I'll put the article into Chinese to the best of my ability.（我将尽努力把这篇文章翻成中文。） 2） He promised to do the work to the best of his ability.（他许诺说他会尽努力做这个工作。） a task of recording what various words have meant to authors…。，what引导宾语从句，做recording 的宾语。Mean意思是“表示……的意思”，“意指”等。如： 1） What he said means nothing to me.（他所说的对我来说毫无意义。） 2） What does this word mean？（这个词的意思是什么？） 我们曾经对mean这个单词做详细讲解，再请看几个例句： 1）What do you mean by saying that to him？（你对他说那话的意思是什么？） 2）I didn't mean to make you unhappy.（我不是故事要使你不开心的。） 3）You know what I meant to say.（你知道我想说的是什么。） 4）He criticism is meant for all of us.（他的批评是针对我们大家的。） 7. … but we cannot be bound by it…。 Bound是动词bind是过去分词，be bound by sth.意思是“受……束缚”，也可用be bound to sth. 1） We should not be bound by conventions.（我们不应该受习俗的束缚。） 2） Housework kept her bound to the house.（家务把她束缚在家里。） 3） The term papers kept him bound to his desk.（学期论文使他终日厌案。） 本课主要词组 1. learn…。from 2. in matters of 3. get into a dispute 4. dispute over 5. offer to do sth. 6. look up 7. be willing to 8. quarrel with 9. be regarded as 10. arrive at 11. apply to 12. go on 13. begin with 14. vast amounts of 15. a large number of 16. along with 17. such as 18. from…to… 19. stack of 20. sccording to 21. hard-and-fast rule 22. be based on 23. in front of 24. be influenced by 25. ought to 26. not at all 27. set up 28. to the best of one's ability 29. in the past 30. send out 31. force sb. to do sth. 32. be bound by Text B reading provides necessary survival skills 短语表达 1. emphasis on The emphasis on education would certainly bring great changes to the people and the country. 2. be the case He said he was the best tennis player in his school， but it was not the case. 3. involve sth. / doing sth. Accepting the job would involve working at weekends. 4. get an idea about sth. Have you got any idea about the whole incident？ 5. expect from Don't expect too much from others. You have to learn to depend on yourself. 6. cue in Remember to cue in the headmaster on what happened during his absence. 7. apply to It will be great if we can apply what we have learned in books to practical work. 8. out of The boy opened his sister's mail out of curiosity. 9. keep up with What do you think a scientist has to do to keep up with the latest development in his field？ 10. at top speed If you run at top speed， you may get there in 10 minutes. 11. concentrate on You will find it easier to concentrate on the reading material if you read in a quiet place. 12. be familiar with I am mot familiar with the person you mentioned just now. 13. be aware of He was not aware of the danger when he was walking toward the building. 14. look up If you look up the word in the dictionary you will find it has two different pronunciations. 15. slow down You have to slow down or you may get a fine. 16. be alert to Be alert to new words and you will enlarge your vocabulary. 17. add to His explanation added to my confusion.