纯洁的毛灾灾
Part B Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) [A] Stay calm [B] Stay humble [C] Don't make judgments [D] Be realistic about the risks [E] Decide whether to wait [F] Ask permission to disagree [G] Identify a shared goal How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here's how to disagree with someone more powerful than you. You may decide it's best to hold of on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven't finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you,or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks.If you think other people are going to disagree too,you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking— all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if you're in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened. 42.________________ Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerful person cares about — it may be"the credibility"of their team or getting a project done on time.You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. When you do speak up, don't assume the link will be clear. You'll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you're seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who's trying to advance a shared goal.The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match. 43.________________ This step may sound overly deferential, but, it's a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control You can say something like,"I know we seem to be moving toward a fist-quarter commitment here.I have reasons to think that won't work.I'd like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person a choice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And,assuming they say yes it ill make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement. 44.________________ You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red,but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance oranxiety,it undercuts the message.It sends a mixed message,and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help,as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps calm the other person down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't. 45.________________ Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth.It may be a well-informed well-researched opinion,but it's still an opinion,my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like,"If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we'll never make it,"say,"This is just my opinion,but I don't see how we will make that deadline."Having asserted your position ((as a position,not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique.Be genuinely open to hearing other opinions. 答案∶
小兔斯基801110
第1段：员工有必要接受“再培训”。1、"Reskilling" is something 【 that sounds like a buzzword】 but is actually a requirement { if we plan to have a future 【 in which a lot of would-be workers do not get left behind】} 。在培训听上去是一个流行语，但如果我们希望未来的员工不被时代抛弃的话，这实际上是一个必要条件 。——“再培训”是员工进步的必要条件 2、 We know（that） {【we are moving into a period 】（where the jobs in demand will change rapidly）, as will the requirements of the jobs 【that remain】.}我们知道人们正在进入一个工作需求将发生迅速变化的时期，剩余岗位的需求也会很快改变。 —— 工作需求正发生迅速变化。 as引导方式状语，“就像”，后面倒装。正常语序是the requirements of the jobs that remain will （change rapidly） 3、 ⭐ Research by the World Economic Forum finds that on average 42 per cent of the"core skills" within job roles will change by 2022. That is a very short timeline. 世界经济论坛发现42%的核心技能，赋予的工作角色将要被改变。在2022年世界经济论坛的研究发现，到2020年工作岗位中平均有42%的核心技能将发生改变。剩下的时间不多了。 ——通过世界经济论坛佐证，“员工需要新的工作技能” 第2段：谁来为员工“再培训”买单？ 1、The question of who should pay for reskilling is a thorny one. 这个问题谁来买单这个重塑技能是一个棘手的问题。 2、 ⭐ For individual companies, the temptation is always to let go of workers 【whose skills are no longer in demand 】and replace them with those 【whose skills are.（省略 in demand） 】 对于个别公司来说，他们喜欢的做法总是抛弃那些技能不再有用的员工，取而代之的是那些具备符合要求技能的员工。 3、（转折句）That does not always happen. 这也不经常发生。 4、 ⭐ AT&T is often given as the gold standard of a company 【 that decided to do a massive reskilling program rather than go with a fire-and-hire strategy. 】 有的公司决定进行大规模再培训项目，而非采取解雇和雇佣的策略。美国电话电报公司就经常被视作这类公司的典范。我们找到第2题关键词，但是这个例子本身。例证题是要去找的外面去找第三句是转折句，所以我们找第二句，第二句是跟第四句的反义。 5、Other companies had also pledged to create their own plans. 其他公司也承诺会制定自己的计划。 6、When the skills mismatch is in the broader economy, though（转折） ,the focus usually turns to government to handle.然而当技能不匹配的现象出现在更广泛的经济领域时，焦点常常会转向政府，并由其处理。 7、 ⭐ Efforts in Canada and elsewhere have been arguably languid at best, and have given us a situation 【where we frequently hear of employers （begging for workers）】,even at times and in regions【 where unemployment is high】.可以这么说。加拿大和其他地方付出的努力，充其量还是不够。含这也使我们经常听到雇主央求招聘员工的情况发生，即使在失业率高的时期和地区也是如此。 languid表示“慵懒，慢悠悠”即努力不够，这词一般不认识考上下文。 and have givenus asituation，and 说明与上句并列意思基本一致，说明解决问题的努力（efforts）还不够，要不怎会出现招工难？ 第3段：高失业率下依然存在劳动力短缺现象 1、With the pandemic,unemployment is very high indeed. 随着流行疾病失业的人确实越来越高却确实非常高 2、In February,at 3.5 percent and 5.5 percent respectively,unemployment rates in Canada and United States were at generational lows and worker shortages were everywhere. 二月加拿大和美国的失业率分别为3.5%和5.5降到了代际低点，劳动力短缺的现象随处可见。 3、As of May, those rates had spiked up to 13.3 per cent and 13.7 per cent,and although many worker shortages had disappeared, not all had done so. 截至五月，两国失业率已经分别飙升到13%和13.7%，尽管许多工作的短缺情况消失了，但也并非所有行业都解决了这一问题。 4、 ⭐ In the medical field, to take an obvious example,the pandemic meant that there were still clear shortages of doctors, nurses and other medical personnel. 一个明显的例子，就是在医疗领域，疫情的爆发意味着医生护士和其他医务人员仍存在着大量短缺。 第4段：开展再培训的必要性 1、Of course,it is not like you can take and unemployed waiter and train him to be a doctor in a few weeks. 当然这并不是说你能在几周之内把一个失业的服务员培训他们成为一名医生 2、But even if you cannot close that gap,may be you can close others,and doing so would be to the benefit of all concerned. 但即便不能填补这个空缺，也许还在其他方面，可以有所突破。这样对所有的相关人员，都有好处。 3、 ⭐ That seems to be the case in Sweden: 【When forced to furlough 90 per cent of their cabin staff】 , Scandinavian Airlines decided to start up a short retraining program 【 that reskilled the laid-off workers to support hospital staff.】 瑞典似乎就有这样的情况，90%的空乘人员被迫休假后，北欧航空决定启动一项再培训的项目，重新培训这些失业的员工以支援医院的工作。 4、The effort was a collective one and involved other companies as well as a Swedish university. 这是一次集体的行动，其他公司和一所瑞典的大学都参与到了其中。21.Research by the World Economic Forum Suggests _____.世界经济论坛的研究 表明 了？ [A] an urgent demand for new job skills （“既然42%要变” ，那么对新的工作技能迫切的需求） [B] an increase in full-time employment 无中生有 [C] a steady growth of job opportunities 无中生有 [D]a controversy about the"core skills" 原文是 will change，并没有说“争议” 答案∶ A 22. AT&T is cited to show_____.【例证题找例外】文章引用at and t是为了证明？ [A] The characteristics of reskilling in programs 在培训的项目特点 无中生有 [B] The importance of staff appraisal standards 员工评价标准的重要性 无中生有 [C] An immediate need for government support 干扰项出自第6句，though转折了，故与A无关 [D]An alternative to the five-and-hire standards 解雇和雇佣策略之外的另一种选择 good 答案∶D 23.Efforts to resolve the skills mismatch in Canada___. 细节题（稍难） 在加拿大解决技能不匹配问题 努力 [A] have appeared to be insufficient 似乎还不够 注意题目问的是对“努力”的评价 [B] have driven labour costs up 抬高劳动力成本 无中生有 [C] have proved ti be inconsistent 被证明是矛盾的 无中生有 [D] have met with fierce opposition 遭到激烈反对 无中生有 答案∶A 24. We can learn from Paragraph 3 that there was_____.细节题（简） [A] a sign of economic recovery 暗示经济复苏 无中生有 [B] a call for policy adjustment 一种对政策调整的呼吁 无中生有 [C] a change in hiring practices 一种招聘方式的改变 无中生有 [D] a lack of medical workers 答案∶D 25.Scandinavian Airlines decided to_____.细节题（易） [A] create job vacancies for the unemployed 为失业者创造职位空缺。空缺不对，原文是给失业员工创造新的工作机会 [B] retrain their cabin staff for better services 前半句重新培训对，后半句无中生有 [C] prepare their laid-off workers for other jobs 让失业员工为其他工作做好准备 [D] finance their staffs' college education 为员工的大学教育提供资助 干扰项最后一句，原文是有一所大学参与这个项目，不是资助员工读大学 答案∶Cforum论坛 let go of 释放 放弃 massive 巨大 pledge 保证 arguably 按理 languid 慵懒 at best 最多充其量 Pendemic 流行病 spike 迅速增长 concerned 有关的 furlough 临时解雇 collective 集体的
微微姐22
2010年4月自考英语二（00015），全国考生、江苏考生通用。建议考生记括号内单词,尤其是江苏考生。选择题:1、C:(distinct)2、B:(vividly)3、A:(stpatation)4、B:(accompanies)5、D:(almptified)6、D:(repaited)7、C:(deep)8、D:(will have been completed)9、A:(catch up with) 10、A:(bear)11、a:(might)12、b:(d开头的单词)13、c:(防雷同自己选)14、b:(since then)15、d:(C开头的单词)16、a:(by hand) 17、b:(carving)18、c:(it) 19、b:(action)20、b:(become)21、C:(sports ..to be hold)22、C:(they had .. food to out)23、c:(welfare helps..amanricans)24、d:(tend to...for growth)25、a:(the digenrous of..)26、C:(it coneerns the couple and their farnilies as well)27、D:(the young couple)28、B:(men used to be dominant in choosing a partner)29、D:(satisfying) 30、A(the process of an arranged japanese marriage)31、A:(they are too busy and academically unprepared)32、C:(the former have more problems than the latter)33、B:(provide aduit with guidance)34、D:(for educator interesed in adult learning).35、B:(in a life long proces)36、多种多样的（diverse） 37、同样的（likewise） 40、偏见（bias ） 41、商标（trademark）42、观众（audence） 43、城市的（urban）44、词典（distionary） 45、材料（material）46、科学的（scientific） 47、值得（deserve）48、延长（prolong） 49、缺陷、毛病（defect）50、图书管理员（librarian） 51、药片（tablet）52、命令、指令（command） 53、明智（sensible ）54、原则（principle） 55、次等的、劣等的（inferior）56-60：treatment effective quickened different honesty 61-65：writhy irvegular seriousness tolerant rapidlly66f.I think it is hard to understand the black hole theory 67y.To finish the test ,the scientist hardly go to sleep before midnight 68t.The young man’s study could harly succead 69x.Even if the police could find the reason for the traffic allident70c.I would rather hope he could buy this house next year翻译：过去,工作与休息的时间被划分得很明确.人们按时离开办公室,当他们在上下班时完全无法联系,并且一回到家中就不再工作.现在,已经不再如此了.在如今竞争力强的工作市场上,雇主对产量的要求高了,期望员工们花更多的时间在工作上,并通过传真,手机,电邮或其他通讯方式与之联系.因此,员工们感觉到必须了解公司所发生的事,即使他们已经下班了.他们有加班的压力,从而完成自己的所有工作.他们工作更加努力,时间更长,并且换工作更为频繁,并且对工作安全担忧.
本文论述了：目标设定与其产生的负面影响之间的关系。作者首先指出，目标设定无法兼顾所有相关因素，往往顾此失彼。然后通过公交车和航空公司的案例加以论证，并给出解释：
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