虚拟语气定义英文

虚拟语气表示一种假设的情况，或一种主观的愿望，即动词所表示的动作或状态并非事实，或不可能实现。英语虚拟语气的形式有下列几种：一、与现在事实相反 连接词条件从句结果从句If1.动词过去式(或were)2.助动词（过去式）+动词原形Should Would +动词原形couldmightIf had the time, John would make a trip to China to see the Great Wall.If I were you, I would give up drinking immediately.二.与将来事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句If1. should+动词原形2. 动词过去式3、were to+动词原形ShouldWould +动词原形couldmightIf you should lose, what would you do?If I were to see her tomorrow, I would tell her thetruth.If you went there next time, you would see what I mean.三、与过去事实相反连接词条件从句结果从句Ifhad+过去分词Should Would + have+过去分词couldmightIf I’d dnown that it was going to rain, I would never have gone for a walk in the country.四、虚拟语气的几种特殊用法省掉if的条件从句结构：Had you asked me, I would have told you. (=If you had asked me,…)2.有时虚拟条件不用条件从句而用不定式、分词、介词、名词、连接词或定语从句来表示，如：A true friend would not do such a thing.(=If he were a true friend, he...)(=If there were no water,…)(=If you hadn’t helped me,…)3. 有时条件从句中的动作和结果从句中的动作发生的时间不一致，如：If he had followed the doctor’s advice, he would be quite all right now.If I were you, I would have gone home.五、虚拟语气的其他用法1、Suggest, advise 等动词之后宾语从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下：suggest, advise, recommend, demand,require, insist, urge, request, order, +that…(should )+动词原形devide, ask, move, propose等注意：在此结构中that不可省略；should省不省均可。He suggested that they (should ) stop smoking.上述动词的名词形式出现时，that 引导的从句仍用虚拟语气。He made a request that they (should ) stop smoking.如果that 引导的从句所表达的内容是事实，也可用陈述语气。He insists that he is right.2、It is (was )+necessary, a pity 等+that引导的从句须用虚拟语气，其句子结构如下： imperative, advisable, 动词完成式It is (was) + important,natural, necessary, +that…(should) +essential, strange,等 动词原形 It is important that you (should) follow the doctor’s orders.It is right that you should have done your homework.3、wish的用法动词过去式或were—与现在事实相反主语+wish(that)+主语 + 动词过去完成式—与过去事实相反助动词过去试+动词原形—与将来事实相反I wish I were a pop singer. (=I am sorry I am not a pop singer..)I wish I had never stopped teaching. (=I am sorry I stopped teaching.)I wish they’d let us get some sleep.注意：wish与hope接宾语从句的区别在于：hope表示一般可以实现的希望，宾语从句用陈述语气。wish表示很难或不大可能实现的希望,宾语从句用虚拟语气。试比较：（1） We hope they will come,(We don’t know if they can come.)（2） We wish they could come,(We know they are not coming.)4、as if, as though, would(had) rather(that)引导的从句须用虚拟语气，如： He acts as if nothing had happened.I would rather you didn’t tell him.5、It’s (high) time that…+动词过去式或should+动词原形，如：It’s time (that) you had a hair cut.It’s high time (that) we took some action.

简单点说就是假的东西，现实中没有发生的。比如，如果他在这就好了（此时此刻他不在这，所以这句话是虚拟语气，If only he were here! 注：因为语法规范，这里规定用were~）

虚拟语气英语，回答如下：

虚拟语气是一种特殊的动词形式，用来表示说话人所说的话不是事实，而是一种假设、愿望、怀疑、建议、猜测、可能或纯粹的空想等，通常由 if 引导的状语从句与主句构成。

五种基本句型：

1、纯条件虚拟语气

(1) 句型if + 主语 + 一般现在时动词，主语 + will/may/can/shall/must/ought to/should + 原型动词。例如：If you make a mistake, you should admit it. 假如你犯了错，应该承认。

(2) 表纯条件结构的副词连词不只 if 一种，once(一旦 = as soon as)、when(当)、unless(除非)等连词也可构成条件句，用法与 if 相同，即条件句使用一般现在时，主句使用一般将来时。例如：Once/If you make a mistake, I will punish you. 如果你犯错了，我会处罚你。

2、与现在事实相反的虚拟语气

If + 主语 + 一般过去时动词，主语 + would/could/might/ought to/should + 原型动词注意，if 句子中若有 be 动词，一律为 were，而非 was。例如：If I were rich, I would buy my parents a villa. 如果我有钱会买别墅给我父母（我现在没钱）。

3、与过去事实相反的虚拟语气

If + 主语 + had + 过去分词， 主语 + would/could/might/ought to/should + have + 过去分词。例如：If he had been here yesterday, I would have seen him.如果昨天他在这儿，我就能看到他(他昨天不在这儿)。

4、与将来状况相反的虚拟语气

使用本虚拟语气时， if 从句一定要加助动词 should, 译成“万一”If + 主语 + should + 原形动词， 主语 + would/could/might/ought to/should + 原型动词。例如：The sky is blue. If it should rain, the picnic would be cancelled. 天空一片湛蓝，万一下雨，野餐将取消。

5、与真理相反的虚拟语气

If + 主语 + were to + 原形动词， 主语 + would/could/might/ought to/should + 原型动词。例如：If the sun were to rise in the west, the sunflower would be scared to death. 太阳从西方升起，向日葵会吓死。

听老师之间的对话学习虚拟语气

英语虚拟语气详解

学习英语怎么能不知道虚拟语气呢?下面就让我为大家详解一下吧。

第一部分：语气的定义和种类

1.语气(mood)

推荐信息

四级写作书信写作常用句形容词和副词比较级

英语四级写作好句英语学习网站

英语四级写作句型动词thank / appreciate

四级写作必备句型副词little可修饰哪些动

语气是动词的一种形式,表示说话人对某一行为或事情的看法和态度.

2.语气的种类

⑴、陈述语气：表示动作或状态是现实的、确定的或符合事实的,用于陈述句、疑问句和某些感叹句.如：①There are two sides to every question. 每个问题都有两个方面.

②Were you busy all day yesterday? 昨天一整天你都很忙吗?

③How good a teacher she is! 她是多好的一位老师啊!

⑵、祈使语气：表示说话人对对方的请求或命令.如：①Never be late again! 再也不要迟到了.

②Don't forget to turn off the light. 别忘了关灯. 「外语*教育网编辑整理 www.for68.com」

⑶、虚拟语气：表示动作或状态不是客观存在的事实,而是说话人的主观愿望、假设或推测等.如：①If I were a bird, I could fly in the air.如果我是一只小鸟,我就能在空中飞行.

②I wish I could pass the examination. 我希望我能通过考试.

③May you succeed! 祝您成功!

虚拟语气在语法里算得上是个难点.让我们就从最简单的开始吧.

第二部分：简单句中的虚拟语气

一、情态动词的过去式用于现在时态时,表示说话人的'谦虚、客气、有礼貌、或委婉的语气,常用于日常会话中.如：⑴.Would you be kind enough to show me the way to the post office?请你告诉我去邮局的路好吗?

⑵.It would be better for you not to stay up too late. 你最好别熬夜到很晚.

二、表祝愿.

1、常用"may+动词原形"表示祝愿,但愿,此时may须置于句首(多用于正式文体中).

⑴、May good luck be yours! 祝你好运!

⑵、May you be happy! 祝你快乐!

⑶、May you do even better! 祝你取得更大成就!

⑷、May you have a good time. 祝愿你玩的痛快.

⑸、May the friendship between us last long. 祝愿我们的友情天长地久.

⑹、May you be happy. (注意那个be )祝你幸福.

2、用动词原形.例如：(1).Long live the people!人民万岁!

(2)."God bless you,"said the priest. 牧师说："愿上帝保佑你!"

(3).Have a good journey! 祝愿你旅途愉快!

三、表示强烈愿望.(该类型虚拟语气谓语仅用动词原形,第三人称单数也不加"s")

(1).God save me.(2).Heaven help us.

四、表命令1.命令虚拟语气只能用在第二人称(you),而且通常省略主语(也就是you).

2.句子尾通常加上感叹号：!

3.虚拟语气动词用一般现在时态(Simple Present),如：work, be , go 4.否定形式的命令语气,可用助动词do,加上not.(1). Work !

(2). Work harder !

(3). Be more alert ! (虚拟语气动词Be)

(4). You go out ! 「外语*教育网编辑整理 www.for68.com」

(5). Do not work so hard. (do not表示否定的虚拟语气)

(6). Don't be afraid. (口语中常用don't代替do not)

五、在一些习惯表达中.如：(1).You'd better set off now. 你最好现在就出发.

(2).I'd rather not tell you the secret. 我情愿不告诉你这个秘密.