黑马胖子666
1.倒装句的定义：英语最基本的词序是主语在谓语动词的前面。
如果把谓语动词放在主语前面，就叫做倒装。
2. 倒装句的构成
a) 完全倒装
将句子的主语和谓语完全颠倒过来，称之为完全倒装。
Are you from here? 你是本地人吗?
Now comes the chance. 机会来了。
b) 部分倒装
只将助动词、系动词或情态动词移至主语之前，谓语的其他部分仍保留在主语的后面，称之为部分倒装。例如：
Has he come? 他来了吗?
Seldom have we felt as comfortable as here. 我们难得像在这里这么舒服。
Only in this way can we do the work better.
3. 倒装的原因
a) 句子语法结构的需要。例如：
Did you attend the meeting? 你参加会议了吗?
Long live peace! 和平万岁!
b) 一些句型的固定用法。例如：
Such were his last words. 他最后的话就是这样。
c)强调的需要。倒装以后，句子更加流畅生动。例如：
Never before have we seen such a sight. 以前我们从来没有见过这样的情景。
Before us lay a lot of difficulties. 在我们前面有很多困难。
Often did we warn them not to do so. 我们曾多次警告他们不要这样做。
4. 倒装句的基本用法
a) 构成疑问句(除对主语或主语之定语提问的特殊疑问句外)：
When are we going to drink to your happiness? 我们什么时候喝你们的喜酒?
Have you seen the film? 你看了那部电影吗?
b) 在以here, there, now, then, in, away, up down
c) 副词only+状语放在句首时:
Only then did he realize his mistakes . 只有在那时他才认识到自己的错误。
Only in this way can you learn maths well . 只有用这种方法你才能学好数学。
d) 含有否定意义的副词或连词(如little, hardly, never, rarely, no soonerthan等)放在句首时:
Little did I think that he could be back alive. 我没有想到他竟能活着回来。
Not until New Years Day shall I give you a gift. 我要到元旦那天才能给你礼物。
Hardly had the train arrived at the station when we ran towards the sleeping car looking for our guests.
火车刚一进站，我们就跑到卧车那儿去找我们的客人。
e) 副词so或 neither(nor)在句首:
He is interested in pop-songs, and so am I.他对流行歌曲感兴趣，我也如此。
He hasnt been to the countryside, neither does he want to go there.他没有去过农村，他也不想去那里。
f) 在方式状语thus开头的句子中及程度状语so放句首:
Thus ended his life. 这样结束了他的生命。
So loudly did he speak that even people in the next room could hear him . 他讲话的声音那样大，连隔壁屋子里的人都听得见。
一、过去分词
过去分词兼有动词、副词和形容词的特征，可以带宾语或受状语修饰。过去分词和宾语或状语一起构成过去分词短语。它在句中可以作定语、表语、宾语补足语或状语。这节课讲解作定语、表语的用法。
1. 作定语
作定语的过去分词如果是单词，一般放在被修饰词的前面;过去分词短语作定语，一般放在被修饰词的后面。例如：
There are many fallen leaves on the ground.
This is a book written by a worker.
2. 作表语
过去分词作表语，多表示主语所处的状态。
I was pleased at the news.
The door remained locked.
过去分词作表语，相当于形容词，常见的有：
delighted, disappointed, astonished, interested, satisfied, surprised, tired, worried, excited, married 等。
过去分词作表语时，应注意与被动结构的区别。系表结构说明主语的状态或具有的性质、特点;被动结构强调谓语动作。
The small village is surrounded by trees.(状态)
The small village was soon surrounded by enemy soldiers.(动作)
I'm interested in chess.(状态)
3. 过去分词做状语
①表时间，相当于一个时间状语从句，有时过去分词前可加连词 when 或 while 来强调时间概念。
Seen from the top of the hill, the city looked like a big garden.
从山顶上看，这个城市就像一个大花园。
Accepted by the Party, he decided to devote his life to the cause of the Party.
入党以后，他决定献身于党的事业。
②表原因，相当于一个原因状语从句。
Exhausted, the children fell asleep at once.
由于太累了，孩子们马上就睡着了。
Encouraged by the speech, the young people made up their minds to take up the struggle.
受到了讲演的鼓舞，年轻人决定起来从事斗争。
③表条件，相当于一个条件状语从句，有时过去分词前可用 if 等词。
Heated, water changes into steam.
如果加热的话，水会变成水蒸气。
Given another chance, he will do better.
再给他一次机会，他会做得更好。
④表让步，相当于一个though/although引导的让步状语从句。
Laughed at by many people, he continued his study.
尽管被许多人嘲笑，他还是继续他的研究。
⑤表伴随，说明动作发生的背景或情况。
Surrounded by a group of pupils, the old teacher walked into the classroom.
被学生包围着，那位老教师走进了教室。
The trainer appeared, followed by five little dogs.
教练出现了，身后跟着五条狗。
小萝莉的春天
一、完全倒装：
1、概念：把谓语动词完全放在主语之前；
2、条件：
（1）某些表示处所、方向等意义的副词放到句首；
（2）物与动词是表示运动的不及物动词；
3、有here、there、now、then或out、in、up、down、away等副词，谓语为come、go等表示位置移动的动词时，且主语又是名词时，构成完全倒装，说明动作的突然和迅速；
e.g.
(1)Here comes a bus= A bus is coming;
(2)Then came a new development that had far-reaching effects. (接着是有深远影响的新发展)
(3)The door opened and in came a woman with a shopping-bag in her hand.
(4)Out rushed the children. (孩子们冲了出来)
4、在叙述性和描绘性的书面语中，当句子开头为in the distance、on the hill、in the valley、round the corner等地点状语时，动词又是cone、is、stand、walk等，构成完全倒装
e.g.
(1)In the distance is floating a boat.
(2)On the wall hangs / is hanging a picture.
(3)On the table were some flowers.
5、There引导的存在句：
e.g.
(1)There is no longer a particular year in which one goes to school or goes to work or gets married or starts a family. （不再有一个特定的上学、工作、结婚或成家的年龄了）
(2)There is no place left for the piano.
二、部分倒装：
1、概念：指把主语的一部分，如助动词、情态动词等移到主语之前。
2、含有部分否定或全否意义的副词或连词如seldom、hardly、never、not、little in no time、by no means、scarcely、really等
e.g.
(1)Seldom does he go out at weekends.
(2)Never shall I forget it.
(3)Little does he care about what others think.
(4)Under no circumstances could we do anything against the low. （在任何情况下，我们都不应该做违法之事）
3、not…until
e.g.
(1)Not until the teacher explained it again did he understand it.
4、not only … but also（前倒后不倒）：
e.g.
(1)Not only was his nationality taken away, but also he was divern off from the country.
5、Neither … nor（前后都倒）
(1)Neither do I know about it, nor do I came.
6、当only后接副词、介词短语或状语从句放在句首时：
e.g.
(1)Only in this way can you improve your pronunciation.
(2)Only then did I realize that I was wrong.
(3)Only when the war was over in 1918 was he able to get back to work.
7、把副词so放在句首，表示前面所说的情况也是适用于另一个人或物，其句式是：So + be/have（助动词或情态动词+主语）；把neither, nor放在句首，表示前面所说的否定内容也适用于另一人或物，其句式是：Nor/Neither + be/have（助动词或情态动词+主语）。
e.g.
(1)If he does not go to park tomorrow, neither will I.
(2)You are a Party member, so am I.
(3)He has been to Beijing, so have I.
(4)I am not interested in maths, neither is he.
(5)I did not go to the cinema last night, nor did he.
8、用以as引导的让步状语从句中，其结构如下：名词/形容词（副词）/分词+ as + 主语 + 动词，或动词原形 + as + 主语 + 助动词；
e.g.
(1)Tired as he was, he worked late into the night.
(2)Child as he was, he was very brave(勇敢).
(3)Try as they may, they will never succeed.
9、用于省略if的虚拟条件句（只有had、should、were(was)可倒装）：
e.g.
(1)If it were to rain tomorrow = Were it to rain tomorrow.
(2)If I had attended the meeting, I would have been here.= Had I attended the meeting, I would have been here.
10、在so…that、such…that的结构中，so、such放在句首时，后带表语或状语，借着的主语部分倒装，后面的结果状语从句不必倒装；
e.g.
(1)So rapidly did he speak that we could hardly here him.
11、为了保持句子平衡，或为了强调标语或状语，或使上下文紧密衔接时：
e.g.
(1)They arrived at a farmhouse, in front of which sat a small boy.
(2)Nearby were two canoes（独木舟），in which they had come to the island.（附近是两个独木舟，他们乘坐这两个独木舟来到这个岛）
12、表示时间频率的状语位于句首使，且表示强调，用倒装语序：
e.g.
(1)Often did we warn them not to do so.
差不多就是全倒和部分倒装，恩不难但是内容较多记忆的比较多，可以自己多下一些例句学习
1.“某些副词+不及物动词+主语”的句式,需要全部倒装.常用的副词主要有：here ,there ,now ,then ,out ,in ,down ,up ,
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