自考英语重点句型

自考本科英语二非常重要的考试科目，学习英语最重要的是背单词，背语法。下位小编为大家整理了50个自考英语二的高频知识点，考生可以参考。自考英语二语法知识点整理一、动词短语搭配1. be fond of “喜爱，爱好” 接名词、代词或动词的-ing形式[1] He's fond of swimming. 他喜欢游泳。[2] Are you fond of fresh vegetables. 你喜欢新鲜蔬菜吗？[3] He is fond of his research work. 他喜爱他的研究工作。2. hunt for = look for 寻找 hunt for a job 找工作3. in order to/so as to两个词组都可引导不定式作目的状语， in order to可放于句首， so as to则不能， 其否定形式为in order not to / so as not to.[1] He went to Beijing in order to/so as to attend an important meeting.[2] In order to be noticed, he shouted and waved to us.为了让我们注意他， 他朝我们又是叫喊又是挥手。4. care about[1] 喜欢，对……有兴趣 = care forShe doesn't care about money.她不喜欢钱。[2] 关心 = care forShe thinks only of herself. She doesn't care about other people. 她只考虑自己。不关心别人。[3] 在乎，在意（接从句或不接任何成分）These young people care nothing about what old people might say. 这些年轻人根本不在乎老人说的话。5. such as 意为“诸如……”，“像……”，是用来列举人或事物的。She teaches three subjects, such as physics and chemistry. 她教三门科目，像物理、化学。6. drop a line 留下便条， 写封短信7. make yourself at home 别客气；随便；无拘束If you get to my house before I do, help yourself to a drink and make yourself at home. 如果你在我之前到我家，自己喝点饮料，随便一点。8. stay up 不睡；熬夜[1] I'll be late home, don't stay up for me.我将回家很晚，不要等我了。[2] He stayed up reading until 2:00 in the morning.他熬夜看书直到凌晨两点。9. come about 引起；发生；产生[1] How did the accident come about?这场事故是怎么发生的？[2] They didn't know how the change had come about.他们不知道这个变化是怎样产生的。10. except for 除……之外[1] except 与 except for 的用法常有区别。except 多用于引起同类事物中被排除的一项。如：①He answered all the questions except the last one.除去最后一个，他回答了所有问题。②We go there everyday except Sunday.除了星期天，我们天天去那里。[2] except for 用于引述细节以修正句子的主要意思。如：①Except for oneold lady, the bus was empty.除去一个老太太，这辆公共汽车全空了。②Your picture isgood except for the colours.你的画儿很好，只是某些色彩有问题。[3] 但在现代英语中，except for也用于表示except的意思。如上述第一个例子可以是：He answered all the questions except for the last one.[4] 另外，在介词短语之前只能用except，不能用except for。We go to bed before ten, except in the summer.除了夏季，我们通常十点之前上床睡觉。11. end up with 以……告终；以……结束The party ended up with an English song.聚会以一首英文歌结束。12. more or less 几乎；差不多；大约；大概；大体上[1] I've more or less succeeded, but they haven't.我差不多成功了，而他们没有。[2] Our living condition has more or less improved.我们的生活水平或多或少提高了。13. bring in 引进；引来；吸收[1] We should bring in new technology.我们应该引进新技术。[2] He brings in 800 dollars a month.他一个月挣八百美元。14. get away（from） 逃离[1] The thieves got away from the shop with all our money.小偷带着我们所有的钱从商店逃跑了。[2] I caught a really big fish but it got away.我钓到了一条好大的鱼，可是它逃掉了。15. watch out （for）注意；留心[1] Watch out! There is a car coming.小心！汽车来了。[2] Watch out for the hole in the road.留神路上的那个坑。16. see sb. off 给某人送行Tomorrow I will see my friend off at the railway station.明天我到火车站给朋友送行。17. on the other hand 另一方面； 用以引出相互矛盾的观点、意见等，常说 on the one hand …… on the other hand 一方面……另一方面。I know this job of mine isn't well paid, but on the other hand I don't have to work long hours.我知道这份工作报酬不高，但从另一方面来说，我也不必工作太长时间。18. as well as 和/还 ， He is a talented musician as well as being a photographer.她不但是摄影师还是个天才的音乐家。19. take place 发生 take one's place 入座、站好位置、取得地位take sb's place 或 take the place of 代替、取代20. on fire 相当于burning, 意为“燃烧；着火；起火”，有静态的含意。catch fire有动态的含意。set…on fire/set fire to…用来表示“使……着火”、“放火烧……”。Look, the theatre is on fire! Let's go and help.瞧，剧院着火了，咱们去帮忙救火吧。21. on holiday 在度假，在休假中 When I was on holiday, I visited my uncle. 我在度假的时候去看望了叔叔。22. travel agency旅行社=travel bureau23. take off[1] 脱下（衣服等）， 解（除）掉 He took off his wet shoes.他脱下了湿鞋子。[2] （飞机）起飞 The plane took off on time. It was a smooth take-off.飞机准时起飞。起飞非常顺利。[3] 匆匆离开 The six men got into the car and took off for the park.这六个人上了车，匆匆离开去公园。24. go wrong v. 走错路， 误入岐途， （机器等）发生故障25. in all adv. 总共26. stay away v.外出27. look up 查询（如宾语为代词，则代词放中间） Look up the word in the dictionary. 在字典里查单词。相关词组：①look for 寻找；②look after照顾，照料；③look forward to期待；④look into调查；⑤look on旁观；⑥look out注意；⑦look out for注意，留心，提防；⑧look over翻阅，查看，检查；⑨look around环视；⑩look through翻阅，查看。28. run after 追逐，追求 If you run after two hares, you will catch neither.同时追两只兔子，你一只也抓不到。29. on the air 广播[1] We will be on the air in five minutes.我们五分钟以后开始广播。[2] This programme comes on the air at the same time every day.这个节目每天在同一时间播出。30. think highly/well/much of对……评价很高， 赞赏， 对……印象好；think badly/nothing/little/lowly of……认为不好， 对……不在意， 不赞成， 觉得……不怎么样[1] He was highly thought of by the manager.经理对他非常赞赏。[2] I think well of your suggestion.我觉得你的建议很好。[3] I don't think much of him as a teacher.我觉得他作为一个老师不怎么样。31. leave out[1] 漏掉 You made a mistake—You've left out a letter “t”。你出错了—你漏掉了一个字母t.[2] 删掉， 没用 I haven't changed or left out athing.我没有作出变动也没有删掉任何东西。32. stare at （由于好奇、激动等张着嘴巴，睁大眼睛地）[1] 凝视，盯着看 Don't stare at foreigners. It's impolite.不要盯着外国人看，这样不礼貌。[2] glare at （to stare angrily at）怒视着33. make jokes about 就……说笑 They make jokes about my old hat.他们就我的旧帽子说笑我。[1] have a joke with … about…跟某人开关于某事的玩笑He stopped to have a joke with me.他停下来跟我开玩笑。[2] play a joke on…开某人的玩笑 We played jokes on each other. 我们互相开玩笑。[3] v. joke about 取笑They joked about my broken English.他们取笑我蹩脚的英。34. take over 接管；接替；继承[1] What is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。[2] Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。35. break down[1] 破坏；拆散 ①Chemicals in the body break our food down into useful substances. 人体中的化学元素把食物分解成有用的物质。 ②The peace talks are said to have broken down. （喻）据说和谈破裂了。[2]（机器）损坏 ①Our truck broke down outside town. 我们的卡车在城外抛锚了。 ②The car broke down halfway to the destination.汽车在到达目的地的中途抛锚了。[3] 失败；破裂 Their opposition broke down.他们的反对意见打消了。[4] 精神崩溃；失去控制 He broke down and wept. 他不禁失声痛哭。[5] 起化学变化 Food is broken down by chemicals. 化学物质引起食物转化。36. get on one's feet[1] 站起来；站起来发言[2] （=stand on one's feet）自立， 经济上独立[3] （人）病好了， 可以起床了； （使）恢复， 复苏（指企业）37. go through[1] 经历；经受；遭到 These countries have gone / been through too many wars.这些国家饱经战火。[2] 完成；做完I didn't want to go through college.我不想上完大学。[3] 通过；批准 ①The law has gone through Parliament. 议会已经通过了这项法案。②Their plans went through. 他们的计划得到了批准。[4] 全面检查；搜查 They went through our luggage at the customs.在海关他们检查了我们的行李。38.take over 接管；接替；继承①what is good and still useful should be taken over.好的有用的东西应当继承。②Our chairman has left, so Jack will take over （his job）。我们的主席走了，因此杰克将接管（他的工作）。二、常考句型39. “So + be/have/助动词/情态动词+主词”的结构。此结构中的语序是倒装的，“So”代替上句中的某个成分。如果上面一句是否定句，则使用“Neither/Nor+be/have/助动词/情态动词+主语”的结构。[1] He's tired, and so am I. （=I' m also tired.）[2] You can swim，and so can I.（=I can also swim.）She has had supper，and so can I.（=I've had lunch，too.）[3] Tom speaks English，and so does his sister.（=His sister speaks English，too.）A: I went to the park yesterday.B: So did I.（=I also went to the park yesterday.）40.“So +主语+be/have/助动词/情态动词”结构中的主谓是正常语序，so相当于indeed,certainly, 表示说话人对前面或对方所说情况的肯定、赞同或证实，语气较强，意思是“确实如此”。A：It was cold yesterday.昨天很冷。B：So it was.的确如此。（=Yes，it was.）A：You seem to like sports.B：So I do.（=Yes，I do.）A：It will be fine tomorrow.B：So it will.（=Yes ，it will.）41.“主语+do/does/did + so”结构指的是按上句的要求做了。此句型中do so代替上文中要求做的事，以免重复。My Chinese teacher told me to hand in my composition on time and I did so.（=I handed inmy composition on time.） 语文老师叫我按时交作文， 我照办了。42. So it is with…或 It is the same with…句型表示 “……（的情况）也是如此。”当前面的句子中有几种不同形式的谓语时，要表示相同情况，必须使用本句型，不能使用so 引起的倒装句。She doesn't play the piano, but she likes singing. So it is with my sister.43. There you are. 行了，好。 这是一句表示一种事情告一段落或有了最终结果的用语。[1] There you are! Then let's have some coffee.除此之外，还可以表示“瞧，对吧（果然如此）”的语气。[2] There you are! I knew we should find it at last.对吧！我就知道我们最终能找到的。44. have some difficulty （in） doing sth. 干某事有困难；接名词时，常用句型：have some difficulty with sth.[1] Do you have any difficulty （in） understanding English?你理解英语口语有困难吗？[2] She said she had some difficulty with pronunciation.她说她在发音方面有困难。45. have a good knowledge of sth. “掌握……”，“对……有某种程度的了解”[1] He has a good knowledge of London.他对伦敦有所了解。[2] A good knowledge of languages is always useful.三、长难句46. Wei Bin took out some peanuts and it was fun to see the monkey eat from his hand.魏彬拿出一些花生。看着猴子从他手上吃花生，很有趣。[1] fun “好玩，趣事”，不可数名词，前面不加不定冠词aYou're sure to have some fun at the party tonight. 今天晚上你肯定会玩得很开心。[2] make fun of“取笑”，“嘲弄”。People make fun of him only because he is wearing such a strange jacket.人们嘲笑他只是因为他穿了一件那么奇怪的衣服。funny adj. “可笑的，滑稽的”He looks very funny in his father's jacket.他穿着他父亲的衣服，看上去很滑稽。47. It is polite to finish eating everything on your plate.把你盘子里所有东西吃完是有礼貌的。这是一个动词不定式作主语的句型，其中to finish eating everything 是主语，it是形式主语。四、常考语法48. 直接引语和间接引语[1] 直接引语在改为间接引语时，时态需要做相应的调整。（一般过去时改成过去完成时）I broke your CD player.→He told me he had broken my CD player.（现在完成时改成过去完成时）Jenny said, “I have lost a book.”→Jenny said she had lost a book.（一般将来时改成过去将来时）Mum said, “I'll go to see a friend.”→Mum said she would go to see a friend.（过去完成时保留原有的时态）He said, “We hadn't finished our homework.”→He said they hadn't finished their homework.注意：直接引语是客观真理，过去进行时，时态不变。[2] 在直接引语变间接引语时，如果从句中的主语时第一人称或被第一人称所修饰，从句中的人称要按照主句中主语的人称变化。如：Mary said, “My brother is an engineer.”→Mary said her brother was and engineer.[3] 直接引语如果是反意疑问句，选择疑问句或一般疑问句，间接引语应改为由whether或if引导的宾语从句。如：He said, “Can you run, Mike?”→He asked Mike whether/if he could run.[4] 直接引语如果是祈使句，间接引语应改为“tell（ask, order, beg等） （not） to do sth.”句型。如：“Pass me the water, please.”said he.→He asked him to pass her the water.[5] 直接引语如果是以“Let's”开头的祈使句，变为间接引语时，通常用“suggest+动名词或从句”的结构。如：She said, “Let's go to the cinema.”→She suggested going to the cinema.或She suggested that they should go to the cinema.49. 现在进行时表将来的动作现在进行时表将来的动作，谓语通常为瞬间动词。如：come, go, arrive, leave, start, return, stay, meet, get等。这些动词的进行时后不能再接具体的时间。[1] 用现在进行时表示将来，指的是近期的，按计划或安排要发生的动作。[2] 现在进行时表示将来与表示正在进行的动作的区别在于：前者通常用瞬间动词（有时一些常用动词也可以这样用如：do）如：go, come, start, return, get, arrive等。而后者通常是持续性动词。① The train is arriving soon. 火车就要进站了。② He is reading a novel. 他在看小说。[3] 用现在进行时表示将来的时间，在句中或上下文中通常有表示将来时间的状语。[4] 现在进行时与一般现在时表示将来动作的区别在于：前者表示的将来的动作往往是可以改变的，而后者则是根据规定或时间表预计要发生的动作或事情，因此往往是不可改变或不可随便改变的。① What are you doing next Friday?下星期五你们打算干什么？② The plane takes off at 7：30 tonight.飞机今晚七点半起飞。50. 主语是单数时，尽管后面跟有as well as, but ,except, besides, with ,along with, together with, like 等，谓语动词仍用单数。The teacher as well as his students is excited.报考考试有疑问、不知道如何考点内容、不清楚报考考试当地政策，点击底部咨询猎考网，免费获取个人学历提升方案：

Unit4（第11讲—第13讲） 3. Meaningfulness affects memory at all levels. affect 是动词，意思是“影响”。常常会有一些英语学习者把动词affect和名词effect混淆，请注意下面的句子： 1） The drought would surely affect the harvest.（这场干旱肯定会影响到收成。） 2） Excessive smoking affected his health， bad coughs often made it difficult to breathe.（过度吸烟影响了他的健康，严重的咳嗽使他难以呼吸。） 3） Psychologists believe that colors have a definite effect on people.（心理学家认为颜色对人肯定有影响。） 4） We could all see the effects of the illness on him.（我们都能看出那场病在的身上的影响。） 5） 职务的变化使他的收入大受影响。（The change in position greatly affected his income.） 6） 他的话对听众没有任何影响作用。（What he said had little effect on the audience.） 4. Information that doesn't make any sense to you is difficult to remember. that引导的定语从句修饰information； 主句是Information is difficult to remember. 不定式to remember 用在做表语用的形容词后面作状语。请看下面的句子： 1） Einstein was easy to get along with.（爱因斯坦很容易相处。） 2） To many foreigners， Chinese is hard to learn.（对许多外国人来说汉语很难学。） 3） The water in this river is not fit to drink.（这条河里的水不适合饮用。） 4） This question is very difficult to answer.（这个问题很难回答。） make sense 的意思是“有意义；可理解”。请看下面的句子： 1） No matter how you read it， this sentence doesn't make any sense to me.（无论你怎么读，我都不理解这个句子。） 2） What the writer wanted to express in his book doesn't make any sense to the readers.（读者们无法理解作者在书中所要表达的意思。） 3） His explanation makes no sense to his students.（学生们不理解他的解释。） 5. Organization also makes a difference in our ability to remember. 动词不定式to remember在句中做定语，修饰名词ability.请看下面的句子： 1） You should have confidence in your ability to fulfill the task.（你们应对自己完成认务的能力有信心。） 2） He has kept the promise to come early in the morning.（他遵守了一大早来的诺言。） 3） They have the determination to overcome all the difficulties.（他们有克服所有困难的决心。） 4） We could see her anxiety to solve the problem.（我们能看出她急于解决这个问题。） make a difference 的意思是“有关系；有影响；起作用”。请看下面的句子： 1） What he said would not make any difference in my decision-making.（他说的话不会对我做决定产生任何影响。） 2） Your participation in the work will make a great difference.（你参与我们的工作，情况就不一样了。） 3） Money won't make much difference to him.（钱对他起不了多大作用。） 4） I didn't like the appearance of the house， but the location and price made all the difference.（我不喜欢那房子的外观，但它的位置和价格起了重要作用。） 6. Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 句中的better是副词well的比较级形式，意思是“更好地”。请看下面的句子： 1） This story is better written than that one.（这个故事写得比那个好。） 2） This room is better furnished than that one.（这间屋子装饰得比那间好。） 3） This team is better trained than that one.（这个队训练得比那个队好。） 4） This job is better paid than that one.（这份工作的报酬比那份高。） information是一个不可数名词，不能在其后加“-s”。请看例句： 1） There are many ways of obtaining information.（获得信息的途径很多。） 2） So far I haven't got any information about the game.（我至今还没有得到有关比赛的任何消息。） 3） I am sure this piece of information will be of great value to them.（我肯定这一消息对他们会很有价值。） 7. Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 在第一单元的Text B中我们已经对consist of有所了解。这一词组的意思是“由…组成”，它与be made up of；be composed of 的意思相近，但consist of 不用被动语态。请看例句： 1） The United States consists of 50 states.（美国由50个州组成。） 2） The United Kingdom consists of Great Britain and Northern Ireland.（英国由大不立颠和北爱尔兰组成。） 3） Their team is made up of 6 team members.（他们队由6名队员组成。） 4） Our class is made up of 45 students.（我们班由45名同学组成。） a bit在句中的意思是“一点，一些”，它可以用在形容词的前面， 但是不能用在名词的前面。在名词前面必须用a bit of.请看下面的例句： 1） I am a bit tired today.（我今天有点累。） 2） He said he was bit hungry.（他说他有点饿。） 3） Your article is a bit long for our paper. （你的文章对我们的报纸来说有点长了。） 4） He gave the bird a bit of water. （他给了鸟儿一点水。） 5） I would appreciate it if you could give me a bit of good advice.（如果你能给我一点宝贵建议我会很感激的。） 6） I only know a bit of Spanish. （我只懂一点点西班牙语。） 8. Categorizing is another means of organization. 句中的means是一个名词，意思是“方式；手段”，它不是动词mean的第三人称单数。请看下面的例句： 1） The quickest means of travel is by plane. （最快的旅行方式是乘飞机。） 2） Bicycle is the most convenient means of transport. （自行车是最方便的交通工具。） 3） Email is a modern means of communication. （电子邮件是一种现代通讯方式。） 4） He means what he says. （他说话算数。） 5） Forgetting the past means betrayal. （忘记过去就意味着背叛。） 9. Many people will group them into similar categories and remember them as follows： group into在句中的意思是“把…分组；把…归类”。请看例句： 1） We can group the animals into several types. （我们可以把这些动物归成几类。） 2） Group the words into similar categories and they will be more easily to remember.（把类型相似的单词归类，记起来就更容易了。） as follows 的意思是“如下”，请看例句： 1） The full text reads as follows： （全文如下：） 2） The results are as follows： （结果如下：） 10. Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it tosomething we remember accurately. refer to这一词组的意思很多，我们在单词部分已做过讲解。该词组在本句中的意思是“涉及；指”。请看下面的句子： 1） In the second chapter I will refer to this point again.（在第二章中，我还会提到这一点的。） 2） The numbers in my article refer to the footnotes.（我文章中的数目字指的是注脚。） 3） The author referred to his grandfather several times in his story.（作者在他的故事中几次提到他的祖父。） we want to remember 和we remember accurately都是省略了that的定语从句，前者修饰material，后者修饰something.请看例句： 1） The book you gave me is very interesting.（你给我的那本书很有趣。） 2） The news he told me disturbed all of us greatly.（他告诉我的那个消息使我们大家深感不安。） 3） The information you gathered is of great help to me.（你收集的那些信息对我很有帮助。） 句子中的it指的是the material.relate…to 在句子中的意思是“与…有关系”，请看例句： 1） His talk mainly related to environmental protection.（他的讲话主要是关于环境保护的。） 2） This regulation relates only to children under 12.（这一规则仅适用于12岁以下儿童。） 11. Research has shown striking improvements in many types of memory tasks when people are asked to visualize the items to be remembered. striking在句子中做形容词用，意思是“显著的，引人注目的”，请看例句： 1） They made a striking commercial success within 5 years.（在5年的时间里，他们在商业上取得了惊人的成功。） 2） Helen's facial features bore a striking resemblance to her mother's.（海伦的面部特征与她的母亲十分相像。） 3） I am not sure whether he can make it this time. I just feel he has a striking lack of confidence.（我不能确定他这次能否成功，其只是觉得他明显信心不足。） to be remembered不定式的被动形式做定语，修饰the items.请看例句： 1） There are a lot of things to be done.（有很多事要做。） 2） Are you going to the press conference to be held this weekend？（你准备参加本周末举行的记者招待会吗？） 3） This was the first project to be designed John's brother. （这是约翰的哥哥设计的第一个工程。） 12. In one study， subjects in one group were asked to learn some words using imagery， while the second group used repetition to learn the words. subject在本句中做名词用，意思是“受试者，实验对象”。Subject这个词的词义很多，请看例句，注意subject的词义： 1） The subject of today's discussion is “Population and Education”。（今天讨论的题目是“人口与教育”。） 2） The teacher explained in details the subject of the story to the whole class.（老师把故事的主题详细讲给全班同学听。） 3） How many subjects are you taking this semester？（这学期你选几门课？） 4） He became the subject for ridicule.（他成了人们取笑的对象。） 5） Rabbits and mice are often subjects for medical experiments.（兔和鼠常被用作医学实验的对象。） 6） He is a Chinese subject.（他是中国国民。） 7） This sentence doesn't have a subject.（这个句子没有主语。） subject还常常做动词或形容词用，请看例句： 1） The country was once subjected to foreign rule.（这个国家曾一度受外国统治。） 2） Taipei was subjected to serious earthquakes last year.（台北去年遭受了严重的地震灾害。） 3） We are all subject to the laws of nature.（我们都要受自然规律的支配。） 4） The child is very subject to coughs.（这孩子动不动就咳嗽。） 5） All men are subject to death.（人总有一死。） while 在句子中做连词用，意思是“而，然而”。while也是一个多义词，请注意下面例句中while 的意思： 1） Strike while the iron is hot.（趁热打铁。） 2） He listened to the radio while he was doing his homework.（他一边听收音机，一边做作业。） 3） He is talkative while his twin brother is of few words.（他很健谈，而他的孪生兄弟则少言寡语。） 4） While the old man is respected， he is not well liked.（这个老人很受尊敬，但不太受喜欢。） 5） You will succeed sooner or later while you don't lose heart.（只要你不失去信心，你迟早会成功。） using imagery分词做状语，表示方式，请看例句： 1） They stood there waiting for the bus. 2） She had to work standing up. 13. Thus forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. 划线部分是该句的主要成分，forming an integrated image动名词短语做主语，can help做谓语，us to preserve a memory做复合宾语。 斜体部分是一个“with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构，做方式状语，修饰动名词短语forming an integrated image. 不定式与名词或代词构成复合结构，做动词宾语的现象在英语中很常见，在前几讲中我们也遇到过。再请看几个例句： 1） Would you like Tom to go with you？（你愿意汤姆和你一起去吗？） 2） He wants you to see him in the afternoon.（他想让你下午去见他。） 3） Father encouraged him to study harder.（父亲鼓励他更加努力学习。） 4） I will get someone to help you.（我去找个人来帮你。） “with + 名词 + 过去分词”的独立结构在英语中也很常见，请看例句： 1） With the problem solved， the plan is going on smoothly.（随着这个问题的解决，计划正顺利进行。） 2） Standing there is a torture to her， with so many eyes fixed on her.（这么多人注视着她，于她而言，站在那儿是一种折磨。） 本课主要词组及句型 词组： 1. focus on 2. a number of 3. at all levels 4. make sense 5. make a difference 6. in random order 7. consist of 8. group into 9. as follows 10. needless to say 11. refer to 12. relate…to 13. associate with 14. compare with 句型： A.定语从句 1） Psychological research has focused on a number of basic principles that helps memory. 2） Information that does not make any sense to you is difficult to remember 3） There are several ways in which we can make material more meaningful. 4） Material that is organized is better remembered than jumbled information. 5） Association refers to taking the material we want to remember and relating it to something we remember accurately. B. 动名词做主语 1） Chunking consists of grouping separate bits of information. 2） Categorizing is another means of organization. 3） Forming an integrated image with all the information placed in a single mental picture can help us to preserve a memory. Text B Short-term Memory 短语表达 1. at a later time Go ahead with your work， I will give you a call at a later time. I am not sure if I can remember all this at a later time. 2. in contrast （with / to） Helen is very talkative. In contrast， her elder sister is silent. His rudeness was in striking contrast with Jack's thoughtfulness. 3. look up I don't remember Tom's telephone number， will you please look it up in the telephone book for me？ Look up the dictionary for the meaning of this new word. 4. be unable to I am really sorry that I was unable to give you a call beforehand. He was unable to provide us with more information. 5. be released from He was released from prison after he had been kept there for 5 years. He was released from a hospital last week after treatment for a disease. 6. be rewarded with The winner was rewarded with gift of fruit and flowers. If the rat could find the right door， it would be rewarded with food.