电子商务自学考试题目

电子商务与现代物流实践试卷（A）参考答案课程代码：00916考试时间100分钟一、 分析叙述题1、电子商务的物流作业流程与商流、信息流及资金流的作业流程有关，请登录DELL的直销网站（）,画出框图并说明DELL的直销分为三个阶段8个步骤。戴尔直销流程：2、讨论现代物流管理十大趋势是什么？可上网查询？过去物流管理着重在企业内部作业与组织的整合，对下游顾客的对应，是以服务与品质为主要重心。因此，评价物流的管理业绩和效果的准则，多半是以处理订单周期时间的速度，供货率及完成质量来量度。随着物流业的发展，在供应链管理模式上增添新的内容，物流业出现了新的十大趋势。（一）物流管理从物的处理，提升到物的加值方案设计、解决和管理上。可以为客户提供度身订造式的，并带有个性化的服务，企业逐渐转向强调跨企业界限的整合，使得顾客关系的维护与管理变得越来越重要。（二）由对立转向联合。传统商业通道中，企业间多半以自我为中心，追求自我利益，因此往往造成企业间对立的局面。然而在追求更大竞争力的驱动下，许多企业开始在各个商业流通机能上整合，通过联合规划与作业，形成高度整合的供应链通道关系，使通道整体成绩和效果大幅提升。（三）由预测转向终测。传统的流通模式通过预测下游通道的资源来进行各项物流作业活动，不幸的是预测很少会准确的，因而浪费了许多自然及商业资源。新兴的物流管理趋势是强调通道成员的联合机制，成员间愿意互换营运及策略的信息，尤其是内部需求及生产的资料，使得上游的企业无需去预测，流通模式是逐渐由预测基础转向终测基础发展。（四）由经验积累转向变迁策略。一直以来经验曲线是企业用来分析市场竞争趋势及发展对应策略的方法，并以企业长年积累的经验作为主要竞争武器，然而科技的突飞进步，企业固守既有经验反而成为企业发展的障碍，因此在调度变化的环境下，经验及现存通道基础结构反变为最难克服的障碍，成功的企业要建立对策略方向的嗅觉和持续变迁管理体系才能生存。（五）由绝对价值转向相对价值。传统财务评价只看一些绝对数值，新的评估方法将着重在相对价值的创造，亦即在通道中提供加值服务，顾客所增加的价值中企业可占多少比例。（六）由功能整合转向程序整合。在竞争渠道日趋激烈的环境中，企业必须更快响应上、下游顾客的需要，因而必须有效整合各部门的营运，并以程序式的操作系统来动作，物流作业与活动多半具有跨功能，跨企业的特性，故程序式整合是物流管理成功的重点。（七）由垂直整合转向虚拟整合。在传统渠道中，一些大企业进行通道的垂直整合，以期对通过掌握有更大的力量，事实证明这并不成功，反而分散了企业的资源，并将主业削弱。今日企业经营的趋势是专注核心业务，将非核心业务委托给专业管理公司去做，形成虚拟企业整合体系，使主体企业提供更好的产品及服务。（八）由信息保留转向信息分享。在供应链管理结构下，供应链内相关企业必须将供应链整合所需的信息与其他企业分享，否则，无法形成有效的供应链体系。（九）由训练转向知识学习。在可预见的未来，任何物流程序均以人力来完成。然而，物流作业多半需要在各个物流据点和运输网络中进行，大约有90%的时间，物流主管无法亲自加以监控。全球化的发展趋势，也增加了物流人力资源管理的复杂度。物流主管必须将以个别人员技能训练的方式，转向知识基础的学习发展。（十）由管理会计转向价值管理。未来许多企业愿意投入许多资源建立基本会计系统，着重在提供增值创造，跨企业的管理信息，以期能确认可创造价值的作业，而非仅在于收益增加，成本升降上。3、电子商务的配送管理主要包括：采购管理、库存管理、进货管理、储存管理、出货管理，其中进货管理的内容是进货和进货验收，储存管理的内容主要包括分拣、存放和拣选，出货管理的主要内容包括包装、组配和送货等，电子商务公司对以上这些业务进行管理。请画出以上电子商务的配送管理业务流程图。流程起始于供应商或者制造商，流程的末端是电子商务用户，管理的主体是电子商务公司。（20分）4请在进行物流决策时如何进行电子商务的成本分析，可上网查询。（P59）（1） 通过对物流成本的计算，分析，可以了解物流成本水平，发现物流活动中存在的问题；（2） 通过与同类企业或竞争对手物流成本的对比，可以找出本企业与同行及竞争对手之间的差距；（3） 通过对物流成本结构及物流总成本分析，可以正确地评价物流活动的合理性；（4） 根据物流成本计算结果，可为企业制定计划，调整物流活动和评价物在电子商务中最难解决的就是物流配送。物流配送从经营电子商务的公司中分离出来而由专门的物流代理公司去经营将成为发展方向。目前邮政系统正着手营造一个庞大的物流配送网络，准备担当起这个角色，这方面它们有独特的优势。物流配送代理的独立操作也将引发一些新的问题，双方的配合至关重要，但一些涉及物权归属、风险责任、费用成本、产品质量、争议解决方面的法律问题也将浮出海面。物流配送是电子商务的重要和最后环节，是电子商务的目标和核心，也是衡量电子商务成功与否的一个重要尺度。物流配送需要有商品的存放网点，需要增加运输、配送人员的开支，由此而增加的成本应该经过仔细核算。有人认为，企业要增加的仅仅是配送成本，而节省的则是库存成本和店面成本。要知道，店面成本虽然节省了，但是存放网点的增加和配送所需的其它开支能在多大幅度上降低总成本，这仍需要在实践中摸索，而且，库存仍然是必需的。二、分析计算题1、 某电子商务企业保持有10种商品的库存，有关资料如下表所示。为了对这些库存商品进行有效的控制和管理，该企业打算按20%的A类物品，30%的B类物品，50%的C类物品来建立ABC库存分析系统，请您用ABC分类法将这些商品分为A、B、C三类。（计算耗用金额->计算累计百分比->确定ABC分类）商品编号 单价(元) 需求量(件) 商品编号 单价(元) 需求量(件)A 5.00 40000 F 5.00 250000B 8.00 190000 G 6.00 15000C 7.00 4000 H 4.00 80000D 4.00 100000 I 5.00 10000E 9.00 2000 J 7.00 5000商品编号 耗用金额(元) 次序A 200000 5B 1520000 1C 28000 9D 400000 3E 18000 10F 1250000 2G 90000 6H 320000 4I 50000 7J 35000 8商品编号 耗用金额(元) 累计好用金额(元) 累计百分比（%） 分类B 1520000 1520000 38.9 AF 1250000 2770000 70.8 AD 400000 3170000 81.1 BH 320000 3490000 89.2 BA 200000 3690000 94.3 BG 90000 3780000 96.6 CI 50000 3830000 97.9 CJ 35000 3865000 98.8 CC 28000 3893000 99.5 CE 18000 3911000 100 C分类 每类金额(元) 库存品数百分比（%） 耗用金额百分比（%） 累计好用金额百分比（%）A=B,F 2770000 20 70.8 70.8B=D,H,A 920000 30 23.5 94.3C=G,I,J,C,E 221000 50 5.7 1002、 某电子商务企业计划对它的最畅销商品进行库存分析。该商品年需求量为10000件，单价100元，年储存成本约为单价的20%。该企业的每次订货的成本是100元，平均交货时间为10天。问：经济订货数量是多少？一年的订货次数为多少？两次订货的时间间隔是多少天？年库存总成本是多少？（15分）EOQ=√ 2RC/PF=√10000*2*100/100*0.2≈316（件）n =R/Q=10000/316≈32（次）T=1/n≈0.03（年）≈11（天）TC=RP+QH=10000*100+316*100*0.20=1OO6320.00(元)3、 某商品有四个供应地和三个需要地，各供应地的供应量分别为：A1----100吨，A2----65吨，A3---35吨，A1----240吨。各需要地的需要量分别为：B1----80吨，B2----160吨，B3---200吨。各供应地和需要地的单位运价如下表所示：（15分）单位运价表需要地供应地 B1 B2 B3A1 4 12 8A2 11 2 7A3 3 1 5A4 9 10 6问：如何规划运输方案，才能使运输费用最低？产销平衡表供/需地 B1 B2 B3 供应量A1 80 20 100A2 65 65A3 35 35A4 40 200 240需求量 80 160 200C=80*4+20*12+65*2+35*1+40*10+200*6=2325(元)5．5．某商品的产地和销地位于呈线状的交通路线上，各产地的产量、销地的销量及它们的相对位置如下图所示：问：如何规划运输方案，才能使运输吨公里最小？产销平衡表产/销地 B1 B2 B3 产量A1 10 10A2 20 20A3 10 50 60销量 10 30 50

全国2010年10月高等教育自学考试电子商务概论试题一、单项选择题（本大题共20公司增加了网站自动回复系统，解答客户的疑问。 AEI公司注重为有价值潜力的客户

考试结束前 全国2013年1月高等教育自学考试 电子商务英语试题 课程代码：00888 请考生按规定用笔将所有试题的答案涂、写在答题纸上。 选择题部分 注意事项： 1. 答题前，考生务必将自己的考试课程名称、姓名、准考证号用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔填写在答题纸规定的位置上。 2. 每小题选出答案后，用2B铅笔把答题纸上对应题目的答案标号涂黑。如需改动，用橡皮擦干净后，再选涂其他答案标号。不能答在试题卷上。 一、词汇和语法（本大题共20小题，每小题1分，共20分） 根据句子的意思选择一个正确的答案，并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 1. Tom has lived in London and Manchester, but he doesn’t like ______ city very much. A. eitherB. both C. neitherD. every 2. It is proved that this substance reacts ______ as fast as the other one. A. one-tenthsB. first-ten C. one-tenD. one-tenth 3. ______ were naturally a musical family, all of whom were excellent pianists. A. A ShawB. The Shaws C. The ShawD. Shaws 4. Nothing can ______ being unkind to small children. A. adjustB. reason C. justifyD. reassure 5. English ______ all over the world as a universal language. A. is teachingB. is taught C. teachesD. teaching 6. A new type of computer is going to ______ next year. A. turn outB. be turned out C. have turned outD. turned out 7. They are ______ a mass production movement to meet so many foreign orders. A. firingB. launching C. introducingD. presenting 8. When we got to the theatre, the play hadn’t started yet, so we ______. A. needn’t hurryB. didn’t need to hurry C. needn’t to hurryD. needn’t have hurried 9. You have never met each other before, ______? A. have youB. haven’t you C. do youD. don’t you 10. Frequent cultural exchanges will certainly help ______ friendly relation between our two universities. A. feedB. support C. fosterD. tend 11. We wouldn’t lose courage even if we ______ again. A. were to failB. would fail C. failD. have failed 12. It is most important that one of the brakes on your bicycle ______ properly. A. will workB. has worked C. worksD. work 13. These factories are ______ to the foreign trade company. A. subsidiaryB. coordinate C. substantialD. substantive 14. Let’s sing together, ______ ? A. will youB. shall we C. won’t youD. shan’t we 15. If you don’t pay your bill, they will ______ your gas. A. sendB. frustrate C. discourageD. disconnect 16. All of my efforts to ______ peace failed at last. A. reserveB. conserve C. persistD. preserve 17. The laws to be made have to ______ to various special interest groups. A. leadB. cater C. satisfyD. serve 18. Four weeks ______ for making the necessary preparations. A. has allowedB. allowed C. were allowedD. was allowed 19. ______ in my present work, I would be quite willing to do what you ask me to. A. Were I not engagedB. I were not engaged C. Engaged I were notD. Were not I engaged 20. It’s ______ on you to advise your students before they leave school. A. obligedB. incumbent C. satisfactoryD. specific 二、完形填空(本大题共10小题，每小题1分，共10分) 从选项中选择一个最适合短文的选项，并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 One project to overcome the limitations of the 21 search engines is the EuroSearch project. EuroSearch is a 22 of national search engines which gives much better results and is more 23 to the challenges of the multilingual and multicultural global Internet. The 24 members are national search engines from Italy, Spain and Switzerland. The multilingual approach allows a 25 to be entered in the preferred language of the researcher and the search engine takes care of the search on the search engines in the 26 languages. Every national site that is part of the federation remains in the country of 27 and is maintained by a native speaker who will 28 that the search works in their own language. At the same time, the EuroSearch framework tries to remain 29 to other countries and services who would like to become part of the 30 . 21. A. livingB. existingC. popularD. various 22. A. federalB. federationC. allianceD. union 23. A. readyB. restrictedC. reactiveD. suited 24. A. currentB. foundingC. powerfulD. majority 25. A. inquiryB. investigationC. queryD. trouble 26. A. differentB. otherC. anotherD. mutual 27. A. originB. membershipC. peaceD. development 28. A. protectB. maintainC. ensureD. emphasize 29. A. openB. secretC. promisingD. neutral 30. A. originalB. powerC. initiativeD. organization 三、 阅读理解（本大题共10小题，每小题2分，共20分） 阅读下面的短文，从A、B、C、D四个选项中选出一个答案填空或答题，并将“答题纸”的相应代码涂黑。错涂、多涂或未涂均无分。 Passage 1 Computer people talk a lot about the need for other people to become “computer-literate.” But not all experts (专家) agree that this is a good idea. One pioneer, in particular, who disagrees is David Tebbutt, the founder of Computertown UK. Although many people see this as a successful attempt to bring people closer to the computer, David does not see it that way. He says that Computertown UK was formed for just the opposite reason, to bring computers to people and make them “people-lit-erate.” David Tebbutt thinks Computertowns are most successful when tied to a computer club but he insists there is an important difference between the two. The clubs are for people who have some computer knowledge already. This frightens away non-experts, who are happier going to Computertowns where there are computers for them to experiment on, with experts to encourage them and answer any questions they have. They are not told what to do. They find out the computer experts have to learn not to tell people about computers, but have to be able to answer all questions people ask. People don’t have to learn computer terms, but the experts have to explain in plain language. The computers are becoming “people-literate.” 31. Which of the following is David Tebbutt’s idea on the relationship between people and computers? A. Computer learning should be made easier. B. There should be more computer clubs for experts. C. People should work harder to master computer use. D. Computers should be made cheaper so the people can afford them. 32. We can infer from the text that “computer-literate” means ______. A. being able to afford a computer B. being able to write computer programs C. working with the computer and finding out its value D. understanding the computer and knowing how to use it 33. The underlined word “it” in the second paragraph refers to the idea that Computertowns ______. A. help to set up more computer clubs B. bring people to learn to use computers C. bring more experts to work together D. help to sell computers to the public 34. David Tebbutt started Computertown UK with the purpose of ______. A. making better use of computer experts B. improving computer programs C. increasing computer sales D. popularizing computers 35. The passage is mainly about the idea of ______. A. people’s becoming “computer-literate” B. computers’ becoming “people-literate” C. people’s IT learning in a club D. computers’ explaining in plain language Passage 2 The digital revolution, as exemplified by the Internet and electronic commerce, has shaken marketing practices to their core. In a recent paper, Wharton’s Jerry Wind, director of the SEI Center for Advanced Studies in Management, and co-author Vijay Mahajan, a marketing professor at the College of Business Administration of the University of Texas at Austin, examine the impact of digital marketing on concepts like pricing, when customers can propose their own prices (pricelin.com), or buyers and sellers can haggle independently in auctions (e-Bay.com). The paper provides an overview of some of the emerging realties and new rules of marketing in a digital world, and outlines what the new discipline of marketing may look like in the early part of the new century. To begin with, say the authors, the rapid-fire growth of the Internet is helping to drive changes. “It is not just our computers that are being reprogrammed; it is customers themselves,” says Wind. “These emerging cyber consumers are like an alien race that have landed in the mist of our markets. They have different expectations and different relationships with companies from which they purchase products and services.” For one thing, cyber consumers expect to be able to customize everything — from the products and services they buy and the information they seek, to the price they are willing to pay. And with digital technology opening new channels for gaining information, they are more knowledgeable and demanding than previous consumers. Digital customers can also sort products based on any desired attribute, price, nutritional value, or functionality, and they can easily obtain third-party endorsements and evaluations, tapping the experience of other users. “Companies that cannot meet their demands and expectations will be at a loss,” says Wind. 36. The passage was most likely to be taken from ______. A. an overview of a paper B. an introduction to a book C. a book on digital revolution D. a paper discussing digital revolution 37. The paper mentioned in this passage was written by ______. A. Jerry Wind B. Vijay Mahajan C. Jerry Wind and Vijay Mahajan D. an anonymous 38. From the third paragraph, we can infer that ______. A. the customers are also reprogrammed by computers B. e-business companies need be more knowledgeable about cyber consumers C. cyber consumers are a group of strange people D. cyber consumers come from outer space 39. Compared with traditional customers, the emerging cyber consumers ______. A. are more difficult to satisfy B. have less knowledge about business C. have more problems with prices D. are less willing to buy products and services 40. In the last paragraph, what Wind said means ______. A. digital consumers’ decision to buy depends largely on others’ evaluation B. it will be more and more difficult for companies to earn profit in e-business C. most of the companies in e-business are at a loss D. companies should try their best to meet the digital consumers’ demands and expectations非选择题部分 注意事项： 用黑色字迹的签字笔或钢笔将答案写在答题纸上，不能答在试题卷上。 四、单词汉译英（本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 根据给出的汉语词义和规定的词类写出相应的英语单词。每词的第一个字母已给出。 41. 产生；发生 v. g______ 42. 合同；契约 n. c______ 43. 立法；法规 n. l______ 44. 行政官；行政人员 n. e______ 45. 分配；分发；分布 v. d______ 46. 扣除；减除 v. d______ 47. 同义词 n. s______ 48. 分类；归类 v. c______ 49. 偶然的；随便的 adj. c______ 50. 基本上，根本上 adv. b______ 51. 无效果的 adj. i______ 52. 产生；屈服；让步 v. y______ 53. 车辆；媒介 n. v______ 54. 趋势，倾向 n. t______ 55. 使合乎规格，使标准化 v. s______ 五、单词英译汉 （本大题共15小题，每小题1分，共15分） 给出下列单词或术语的汉语意思。 56. URL 57. cataloger 58. data collection 59. information retrieval 60. text documents 61. eProcurement 62. buying leverage 63. “Return” and “New” customer paths 64. site traffic 65. purchase attempts 66. shipping method 67. interactive TV 68. cost-effective and efficient 69. maximum value 70. automotive industry 六、英译汉 （本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 阅读下面的短文，然后把划线的句子翻译成汉语。 How well is your Web site meeting demand? The question may be more difficult to answer than you think. After all, sophisticated Web monitoring software can measure a sudden spike in traffic, but I won’t correlate that spike with your company’s seasonal marketing efforts. (71) Business intelligence (智能) software unifies data from a wide array of functional areas and departments to provide a holistic (完整的) understanding of the business. The result: Managers can predict future spikes in traffic based on the relative size of marketing campaigns. The first thing to do is capture information about your Web site operations and visitors. Start with the data in your Web log file. Here you will find valuable information about Web traffic patterns, such as peak traffic times and the most accessed pages on your Web site. (72) You’ll also be able to learn what people search for once they get to your site, as well as the time it takes to find it. Don’t overlook the value of information such as the type of browser and operating system used by your site visitors —— these can affect how you choose to present your site. (73) Once you have this data gathered, business intelligence applications let you analyze the information to help you optimize (化) your Web site. The application unifies data from various sources to help you effectively mine information and understand your customers’ Web behavior. Most important, you are able to compare information in your Web logs against information from internal and external sources. (74) Track Web hits or transactions against fluctuations (波动) in your offline (线下) sales channels, for example, or see what happens to order volumes at the beginning of a fiscal quarter (会计季度) when many departments have new budgets (预算) to work with. Business intelligence software can be a powerful ally as you seek to keep hard-won customers in the fold. Knowing your customers and understanding how they interact with your Web site is a powerful tool for optimization. (75) You can glean (收集) trends during peak traffic periods that result in server overloads (超载), or identify search criteria that consistently fail to deliver anticipated (预期的) content. 七、汉译英 （本大题共5小题，每小题2分，共10分） 用括号内给出的词，把下列汉语句子翻译成英语。 76. 约翰创造了新的世界纪录。（set up） 77. 我有时感到区分英语和法语很困难。(distinguish from) 78. 新技术对公司的发展有重要的影响。（have an effect on） 79. 多家工厂声称他们需要有经验的工人。（experienced） 80. 他的这篇报告写得很好，只是有几个小问题。（except for）