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10.solution n. 解决办法 solve v. 解决 1)The loan was only a temporary solution to the country's financial difficulties.(借贷只能暂时解决这个国家的经济困难。) 2)After a day's careful thought, he came up with a good solution. (经过一天的仔细考虑,他才想出一个好办法。) 3)We should work together on the solution of our national problems. (我们应该一起解决我们国家的问题。) 4)I really don't know how to solve the problem. (我真不知道如何解决这个问题。) 5)They found a new way of solving the problem. (他们找到了解决这个问题的新办法。) (请注意用solution这个名词时,通常用a solution to a problem表示“问题的解决办法。”。) 11.adapt v. 使适应,使适合;改写 1)We should adapt our thinking to the new conditions. (我们应该使自己的思想适应新的情况。) 2)Some animals will modify their behavior to adapt to their environment. (一些动物改变它们的习性以适应环境。) 3)Can you adapt your way of thinking to the new life-style? (你能使你的思想适应新的生活方式吗?) 4)They adapt a novel for the screen. (他们把小说改编为电影。) 请注意adapt 和adopt的区别,adopt意为“采用;收养”。 1)They are going to adopt new techniques in raising silkworms. (他们准备采用新的养蚕技术。) 2)A little girl was adopted into the family. (一个小女孩被收养为家庭一员。) 12. perfect adj. 完美的;完全的 v. 使完美,改善 1)He speaks perfect English. (他说一口地道的英语。) 2)The actor is perfect for the part. (由这位演员担任这一角色再理想不过了。) 3)He is in perfect health. (他身体十分健康。) 4)He is a perfect stranger. (他是个完全陌生的人。) 5)They decided to send their son to England to perfect his English. (他们决定把儿子送到英国去提高他的英语水平。) 13. acceptable adj. 可以接受的 accept v. 接受 1)This proposal is acceptable to all. (这个建议大家都能接受。) 2)Tom received an acceptable marks on the test. (汤姆在测验中的分数尚可。) 3)Don't accept everything you see on TV as true. (别以为在电视上看到的一切都是真实的。) 4)I didn't expect him to accept my suggestion. (我没指望他接受我的建议。) 5)The plan has won wide acceptance among the people. (这个计划受到了人们的普通欢迎。) 6)He nodded in delighted acceptance. (他愉快地点头表示赞同。) 14. evidence n. 发现;(调查或研究)结果;根据 evident adj. 明显的 1)Do you have any evidence for this statement? (你这样说有任何根据吗?) 2)There are evidences that somebody has been living here. (迹象表明有人一直住在这儿。) 3)It is evident that we do not understand each other. (显然,我们彼此不了解。) 4)He spoke with evident disappointment. (他带着明显的失望说话。) 5)We can say with good evidence that their work is one of the best. (我们有充分的证据说明他们的工作是的。) 15. determine v. 决定;确定 determined adj. 下决心的 determination n. 决心;结论 1)He has determined on a course of action. (他已决定了行动计划。) 2)The police wanted to determine all the facts. (警察想查明全部事实。) 3)His father is determined to quit smoking. (他父亲决心戒烟。) 4)He made his determination after he read the test report. (他在看了化验报告后下了结论。) 5)Mr. Smith is a man of determination. (史密斯先生是个有决断力的人。) 16. growth n. 生长 grow v. 生长 1)The growth in tourism is really astonishing. (旅游业的发展实在令人惊异。) 2)The rapid growth of world population is creating more and more problems. (世界人口的迅速发展带来了越来越多的问题。) 3)His hair has grown too long. (他的头发长得太长了。) 4)Friendship grew between them. (他们之间产生了友情。) 5)You will grow used to it. (你会渐渐对此习惯的。) 本课主要构词法 Affixation 词缀法 1. 形容词后缀 -able disagreeable acceptable 2. 副词后缀 -ly scientifically previously entirely frequently 3. 名词后缀 -ion imagination solution 4. 反义词前缀 un- unknown unpleasant 本课简介 在“Scientific Attitudes”这篇课文中,作者指出科学始于人类对周围环境的疑问。当人类具有去伪存真的能力时,科学也开始迅猛发展。好奇和想像是有助于推动科学发现和发展重要素质。作者还认为具有科学头脑的人相信“因果”关系。任何现象的存在必有原因,只是有些尚未被发现。思想开放、无偏见;尊重别人的观点;凡事以事实为依据都是科学的态度。 人物背景 1.Benjamin Franklin:富兰克林(1706-1790年),美国政治家及科学家。美国18世纪名列华盛顿后的最的人物,参加起草独立宣言。在科学方面进行过有名的电实验,并对电做了理论说明。只受过极短的正规教育,全靠勤奋自学成才。法国经济学家杜尔哥颂扬他“从天空抓到雷电,从专制统治者手中夺回权力”。 2.Thomas Edison:爱迪生(1847-1931年),美国发明家。技术历史中显著的天才之一,拥有白炽灯、留声机、电影放映机等1093种发明专利,还创办了世界上第一个工业研究实验室。 3.Galileo:伽利略(1564-1642年),意大利物理学家及天文学家。对现代科学思想的发展作出过重大贡献。最早用望远镜观察天体,并曾用大量事实证明地球环绕太阳转,否定地心说。 4.Louis Pasteur:巴斯德(1822-1895年)法国化学家及微生物学家。证明发酵及传染病是微生物引起的,创始并首先应用疫苗接种以预防狂犬病、鸡霍乱等,挽救了法、英等国的养蚕业和啤酒业。 5.Edward Jenner:金纳(1749-1823年),英国医生,牛痘接种法创始人。历经周折使牛痘接种法得以公认,并传播到欧美大陆及全世界,使天花的病死率大为下降。

145 评论

beetleleon

16.indifferent adj. 冷漠的,不关心的 indifference n. 冷漠 1)If parents are indifferent to their success, children will fail to make progress. (如果父母漠视孩子的成功,孩子就不会进步。) 2)He is absolutely indifferent to other people's miseries. (他对别人的痛苦漠不关心。) 3)He put on an air of indifference. (他摆出了一副满不在乎的神气。) 4)She was annoyed by her son's indifference to her. (她儿子对她的冷漠态度令她恼怒。) 17.discipline n. 纪律,训练;学科v. 训练;使有纪律;惩罚 1)The discipline of hard work would do you a lot of good. (艰苦工作的磨练会对你大有好处。) 2)The young teacher couldn't keep discipline in her classroom. (那个年轻的教师无法维持课堂秩序。) 3)Scientists of many disciplines would work together to solve the problem. (许多学科的科学家们将一道来解决这个问题。) 4)They must learn to discipline themselves. (他们必须学会锻炼自己。) 5)He was disciplined for being late. (他因迟到而受罚。) 18.individual n. 个人,个体adj. 个别的,单独的;独特的 1)The freedom of the individual was greatly emphasized in his talk. (他在讲话中十分强调个人的自由。) 2)Handwriting varies from individual to individual. (每个人的笔迹都不相同。) 3)Each individual leaf on the tree is different. (树上的每一片叶子都各不相同。) 4)There was nothing individual about him except a deep scar across his right cheek.(他除了右脸颊有条深疤外别无特征。) 本课简介 在人类共同生活的社会里有一些共认的社会准则,这些准则为大多数人所接受。如果你不能遵循这些准则,你则会被看作为一个缺少文明礼貌举止的人。善待他人,尊重他人能给我们带来一种优势,而这种优势会帮助我们成功。正因为如此,我们应该学会在看电影时保持安静;在点燃香烟前征得他人同意;注意选择接听移动电话的场合;与老师交谈时摘下随身听的耳机;满口含着食物时不随意开口讲话;该尊称他人时不随性而为乱称呼……。这些看似不重要的小节恰恰是最能反映一个人的社会公德的。 本课主要语言点 1. Unless you want to end a relationship, you don't tell another person what you think of her or him like this. unless在本句中的意思是“if not” (除非,如果不),如: 1)You will fail the exam unless you study harder. (你若不更加努力学习,考试会不及格。) 2)We will go on with the experiment unless something unforeseen happens. (如果不发生意外,我们将继续试验。) 3)I will not go to the party unless he invites me. (如果他不邀请我,我就不去参加聚会。) 4)Nothing, unless a miracle, can save him. (除非出现奇迹,他无法得救。) end在本句中用作动词,意思是“结束”。如: 1)The meeting did not end until midnight. (会议开到半夜才结束。) 2)The anti-Japanese War ended in 1945. (抗日战争于1945年结束。) 3)He refused to end his four-week tour in such a manner. (他不愿以这种方式结束为期四周的旅行。) 2. Failing to be impressed by a friend's collection of stamps, yawning when a golfer tells you about what great shot he made… are all things that educated people try not to do. 本句中三个并列的动名词短语做主语,整个句子是一个“主语+系动词+表语”的句型。如: 1)Smoking is not good for your health. (吸烟有害你的健康。) 2)Making experiment is one way of learning. (实验是学习的一条途径。) be impressed by 意思是“给…深刻印象”。如: 1)I was impressed by his talent. (他的才干给我留下了深刻的印象。) 2)He was impressed by the gorgeous sunset. (绚丽的夕阳给他留下了深刻的印象。) golfer意思为“高尔夫球运动员”,这个词是由golf加后缀-er构成的,英语中这一类词很多。如:baker (面包师傅),gardener (园丁),miller (磨坊主),singer (歌唱家),user (使用者。) 1)He tried not to let out the secret. (他试图不泄露秘密。) 2)We tried not to be misled by them. (我们努力不被他们误导。) 3. There are no laws enforcing respect. 本句是一个There be + noun + V-ing 结构,表示存在(有),there失去表示场所的意义。如: 1)There was a fire burning in the fireplace. (壁炉里火在燃烧。) 2)There were two bulldozers knocking the place flat. (两台推土机把那儿夷平。) 句中的enforce是一个及物动词,意思是“实施;强制”。如: 1)It is necessary to enforce discipline in the army. (在部队里执行纪律是必要的。) 2)He strongly objected to enforcing obedience on children. (他强烈反对强迫儿童服从。) 4. These guidelines represent what a majority of people consider acceptable and what they consider unacceptable. represent在本句中做及物动词用,意思是“代表;体现”。如: 1)The blue lines on the map represent rivers. (地图上的蓝线代表河流。) 2)These views don't represent the real thinking of the local residents. (那些观点并不反映当地居民的真实思想。) 句中what引导的是宾语从句,如: 1)I will always remember what my mother said to me before I went to college.(我将永远记住我上大学前妈妈对我说的话。) 2)I didn't see what they were doing there. (我没看见他们在那儿干什么。) 3)His idea couldn't represent what the ordinary people really liked.(他的想法不能代表普通百姓真正所喜欢的东西。) consider是一个常用动词,通常有以下几种用法: 1)consider + 宾语 He had no time to consider the matter. (他没有时间考虑这件事。) 2)consider + 宾语 + 宾语补足语 Some people considered the attack a mistake. (有人认为那次进攻是个错误。) 3)consider + that 从句 We consider that the young man is not guilty. (我们认为那个年轻人无罪。) 4)consider + V. + ing He considered changing his job. (他考虑换一份工作。) 5)consider to be/as They consider themselves to be very lucky. (他们认为自己很幸运。) He is considered to be an authority. (他被认为是权威。) They considered the house as beautiful. (他们认为那房子很美。) 在上面的三个例句中,to be和as都可以被省略,因此三例句可以改写为: They consider themselves lucky. He is considered an authority. They consider the house beautiful. 5. They are not even aware that this habit will bother the other members of the audience. aware这个形容词很常用,需好好掌握,在第十二单元中我们已经接触过这个词,在此再巩固一下。 1)be aware of If you were aware of all that, you would change your mind. (如果你知道了那一切,你会改变主意的。) 2)be aware that He was aware that he had drunk too much. (他知道他喝的太多了。) bother在本句中做动词用,意思是“打扰”。在bother后用不定式则表示“费心去做某事”。如: 1)Don't bother me, I have to finish the work in an hour. (别打扰我,我得在一小时内做完这个工作。) 2)Don't bother to talk to him. He has no interest in anything. (别费心跟他讲话,他对什么都没兴趣。) audience (观众,听众)当一个整体看待,用做单数;当各成员看待,用做复数。如: 1)The audience was (were) enjoying the performance. (观众在欣赏演出。) 2)That book has a large audience. (那本书有广大的读者。)

172 评论

家装工装

Text A scientific attitudes 本课主要单词 1.attitude n. 姿势,姿态;态度,看法 1)The plane was in a nose-down attitude. (飞机处于俯冲姿态。) 2)They decided to take an attitude of wait and see to/toward the new policy. (他们决定对新政策采取观望态度。) 3)We should adopt a correct attitude about tests. (对考试我们应抱正确的态度。) 2.environment n. 环境,周围状况,自然环境 1)A child can easily adjust to changes in the environment. (孩子很容易适应环境的变化。) 2)They promised to provide us a good environment for work and rest. (他们许诺为我们提供良好的工作或休息环境。) 3)Science offers us total mastery over environment and over our destiny. (科学赋予我们控制环境掌握命运的能力。) 4)He grew up in an environment of poverty. (他在贫穷的环境中长大。) environmental adj. 环境的 environmental protection 环境保护 environmental pollution 环境污染 environmental biology 环境生物学,生态学 environmental engineer 环境工程师 3.curiosity n. 好奇(心) curious adj. 好奇的;离奇古怪的 1)He walked to the silent old man out of curiosity. (出于好奇,他向那位沉默寡言的老人走去。) 2)She showed great curiosity about my past. (她对我的过去显示出莫大的好奇。) 3)Children are curious about everything. (儿童对什么都感到好奇。) 4)Not long after they left, a curious thing happened. (他们走后不久,一件古怪的事情发生了。) 4.imagination n. 想像,想像力;幻觉;应变能力imagine v. 想像;料想 1)He is a writer of rich imagination. (他是一个富有想像力的作家。) 2)No one moved in the bushes, it was only your imagination. (没人在树丛里走动,只是你的幻觉而已。) 3)Due to his lack of imagination, he just didn't know what to do next. (由于缺少应变能力,他不知道下一步该怎么办。) 4)It is hard to imagine life with electricity. (很难想像没有电,生活会是怎样。) 5)I imagine he will come tomorrow. (我料想他明天会来。) 请注意区别下面三个形容词imaginative,imaginary,imaginable 1)It is an imaginative tale. (这是个虚构的故事。) 2)The teacher is waiting for imaginative answer. (老师正等待着具有丰富想像力的回答。) 3)The equator is an imaginary circle around the earth. (赤道即假想的环绕地球的大圆。) 4)an imaginary enemy (假想敌) 5)They said they would save the patient by every means imaginable. (他们说他们会用尽一切想得出的方法抢救病人。) (imaginable 常与级形容词或all,every,only等连用,放在被修饰的名词的后面。) 5.apart adv. 分离,分开 1)The two schools are 20 miles apart. (两校相距20英里。) 2)I cannot tell these two things apart. (我无从区分这两件东西。) 3)Apart from what he mentioned just now, there are some other causes for the failure. (除了他刚才提到的,还有一些其他的失败原因。) 4)He took the machine apart to see what was wrong. (他把机器拆开,看看出了什么毛病。) 6.stimulate v. 刺激,激励 stimulation n. 刺激,激励 1)Praise stimulated the students to make greater efforts. (表扬激励学生作更大的努力。) 2)Exercise stimulates the flow of blood. (锻练促进血液循环。) 3)TV, if properly used, can stimulate a child's imagination. (电视如果使用适当能激发孩子的想像力。) 4)The intention of lowering interest rates is to stimulate the economy and develop industries. (降低利率的打算是为了刺激经济,发展工业。) 5)Young children needs stimulation. (年幼的孩子需要激励。) 7.regardless adj. 不留心的,不注意的adv. 不顾,不惜 1)He crushed the bloom with regardless tread. (他毫不在意一脚践踏了鲜花。) 2)There may be difficulties but I shall carry on regardless. (可能会遇到种种困难,但不管怎样,我将继续干下去。) 3)I'm buying the book, regardless of the cost. (不管价钱如何,我都打算买下那本书。) 请注意区别regardless of 和in spite of 1)The plane will take off, regardless of the weather. (不管天气好坏,飞机都将起飞。) 2)The plane took off in spite of the bad weather. (尽管天气不好,飞机还是起飞了。) 8.disagreeable adj. 让人不愉快的,不合心意的;难相处的 disagree v. 不同意;不符;不适宜 1)She is disagreeable towards me. (她对我不友好。) 2)This medicine has a very disagreeable smell. (这药有一股很难闻的气味。) 3)I disagree with you on that point. (在那一点上我跟你意见不同。) 4)The damp weather disagrees with me. (潮湿的天气使我不舒服。) 9.failure n. 失败;变弱 fail v. 失败;变弱;使失望 1)His plans ended in failure. (他的计划以失败告终。) 2)The power failure caused heavy losses. (供电中断造成严重的损失。) 3)His carelessness resulted in his failure of the exam. (他的粗心致使他考试不及格。) 4)I failed in persuading him. (我没能说服他。) 5)His eyesight is failing. (他的视力在衰退。) 6)His courage failed him. (他失去了勇气。)

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