2021年英语自考二10月试题

Part B Directions: Read the following text and answer the questions by choosing the most suitable subheading from the list A-G for each numbered paragraph(41-45). There are two extra subheadings which you do not need to use.Mark your answers on the ANSWER SHEET.(10points) [A] Stay calm [B] Stay humble [C] Don't make judgments [D] Be realistic about the risks [E] Decide whether to wait [F] Ask permission to disagree [G] Identify a shared goal How to Disagree with Someone More Powerful than You Your boss proposes a new initiative you think won't work.Your senior colleague outlines a project timeline you think is unrealistic.What do you say when you disagree with someone who has more power than you do? How do you decide whether it's worth speaking up? And if you do, what exactly should you say? Here's how to disagree with someone more powerful than you. You may decide it's best to hold of on voicing your opinion.Maybe you haven't finished thinking the problem through, the whole discussion was a surprise to you,or you want to get a clearer sense of what the group thinks.If you think other people are going to disagree too,you might want to gather your army first. People can contribute experience or information to your thinking— all the things that would make the disagreement stronger or more valid. It's also a good idea to delay the conversation if you're in a meeting or other public space.Discussing the issue in private will make the powerful person feel less threatened. 42.________________ Before you share your thoughts,think about what the powerful person cares about — it may be"the credibility"of their team or getting a project done on time.You're more likely to be heard if you can connect your disagreement to a higher purpose. When you do speak up, don't assume the link will be clear. You'll want to state it overtly, contextualizing your statements so that you're seen not as a disagreeable underling but as a colleague who's trying to advance a shared goal.The discussion will then become more like a chess game than a boxing match. 43.________________ This step may sound overly deferential, but, it's a smart way to give the powerful person psychological safety and control You can say something like,"I know we seem to be moving toward a fist-quarter commitment here.I have reasons to think that won't work.I'd like to lay out my reasoning. Would that be OK?"This gives the person a choice,allowing them to verbally opt in.And,assuming they say yes it ill make you feel more confident about voicing your disagreement. 44.________________ You might feel your heart racing or your face turning red,but do whatever you can to remain neutral in both your words and actions. When your body language communicates reluctance oranxiety,it undercuts the message.It sends a mixed message,and your counterpart gets to choose what to read. Deep breaths can help,as can speaking more slowly and deliberately. When we feel panicky we tend to talk louder and faster. Simply slowing the pace and talking in an even tone helps calm the other person down and does the same for you. It also makes you seem confident, even if you aren't. 45.________________ Emphasize that you're offering your opinion, not gospel truth.It may be a well-informed well-researched opinion,but it's still an opinion,my talk tentatively and slightly understate your confidence.Instead of saying something like,"If we set an end-of-quarter deadline, we'll never make it,"say,"This is just my opinion,but I don't see how we will make that deadline."Having asserted your position ((as a position,not as a fact), demonstrate equal curiosity about other views.Remind the person that this is your point of view,and then invite critique.Be genuinely open to hearing other opinions. 答案∶

Text 2 英国粮食自给自足的模式 本文讨论了:英国粮食自给自足的模式。无法满足国内需求的问题，文章开篇提出，人口激增引发人们对粮食安全的关注，英国也不例外，随后引述一些人。关于恢复自给自足的观点，并借利兹大学的报告核对英国土地特征的分析，指出自给自足模式无法满足国内对肉类，奶制品以及农作物的需求。 第1段：粮食安全日益成为关注焦点。 1、表原因【 With the global population predicted to hit close to 10 billion by 2050 ,and forecasts{ that agricultural production in some regions will need to nearly double to keep pace}】, food security is increasingly making headlines. 随着世界人口的预测，将要在2025年达到近10亿人，而且预测农业的食品生产在一些地区将会达到两倍的需求量，才能保持速度食品安全增加已经成为了一个头条。 2、In the UK,it has become a big talking point recently too,for a rather particular reason: Brexit. 最近在英国，由于脱欧这个相当特殊的理由，他也成为了一个热门的话题。 第2段：恢复自给自足的愿景 Brexit is seen by some as an opportunity {to reverse are recent trend}{ towards the UK importing food.} 有一些认为英国脱欧是一个机会对于扭转进口食品的趋势 The country produces only about 60 per cent of the food it eats, down from almost three-quarters in the late 1980s.该国的粮食产量只占其消费量的60%比20世纪世纪80年代末的75%更低 ⭐A move back to self-sufficiency, the argument goes, would boost the farming industry, political sovereignty and even the nation's health.到自给自足的模式，将会推动农业发展、强化政治主权，甚至能够提高国民健康。 Sounds great - but how feasible is this vision ?听起来很棒但这一愿景的可行性度如何呢 第3段：英国国内对肉类和奶制品的所有需求无法得到满足。 ⭐According to a report on UK food production from the University of Leeds ,85 percent of the country's total land area is associated with meat and dairy production. 根据报告对英国食品的生产来自于伦敦大学，在英国85%的乡村整个的土地，连接着食物和牛奶的生产。 That supplies 80 percent of what is consumed,so even covering the whole country in livestock farms wouldnt allow us to cover all our meat and dairy needs. 但他也只供应了消费总量的80%，所以即便全国都布满畜牧场，也无法满足人们对肉类与奶制品的所有需求。 第4段： There are many caveats to those figures, but they are still grave.尽管对这些数据有不少的预先声明但形式依然严峻 To become much more self-sufficient, the UK would need to drastically reduce its consumption of animal foods,and probably also farm more intensively—meaning fewer green fields,and more factory-style production.  第2题干扰项出处 为了能够更加的自给自足，英国需要大幅度的减少动物食品的消费，可能还需要加强集约式耕作，这意味着绿地减少，工厂化生产增加。第5段 But switching to a mainly plant-based diet wouldn't help. 不过转向素食为主的饮食也无济于事 ⭐There is a good reason why the UK is dominated by animal husbandry: most of its terrain doesn't have the right soil or climate to grow crops on a commercial basis. 英国之所以以畜牧业为主，是有其充分理由的英国大部分的土地，没有合适的土壤和气候来进行商业种植。 Just 25 percent of the country's land is suitable for crop-growing,most of which is already occupied by arable fields.只有25%的国土师和种植农作物其中大部分已经备耕地占用 Even if we converted all the suitable land to fields of fruit and veg—which would involve taking out all he nature reserves and removing thousands of people from their homes—we would achieve only a 30 percent boost in crop production .即使我们将所有适宜种植的土地改造，包括所有的自然保护区，使成千上万的人千离家园，也只能实现农作物增长30%。 第6段 ⭐Just 23 percent of the fruit and vegetables consumed in the UK are currently home-grown,so even with the most extreme measures we could meet only 30 per cent of our fresh produce needs.    目前英国消费的水果和蔬菜只有23%是本土种植的 That is before we look for the space to grow the grains,sugars, seeds and oils that provide us with the vast bulk of our current calorie intake .因此即使采取了极端的措施，在寻找空间种植谷物糖类种子，这些目前我们提供大部分热量的食物之前，我们也只能满足30%的新鲜农产品的需求。 26.Some people argue that food self-sufficiency in UK would_____. 一些人们争论这个食物自给自足在英国将会怎样？ [A] be hindered by its population growth  ×无中生有 [B] become a priority of government  × 无中生有 [C] pose a challenge to its farming industry × 反义错项  对农业产业的一个挑战  原文是boost增加  [D] contribute to the nation's well-being    提高国民的健康福利 答案∶D 27.The report by the university of leeds shows that in the UK_____. [A] farmland has been inefficiently utilized  耕地利用低下   ×  无中生有 [B] factory-style production needs reforming 工厂化生产需要改革 ×  无中生有   干扰来自第4段末尾，不是题眼句，距离相差甚远，且原文没有说reform [C] most land is used for meat and dairy production [D] more green fields will be converted for farming ×   来自第4段后，不是本题定位句。 答案:C 28.Grop-growing in the UK restricted due to_____. [A] its farming technology 农业耕作技术 [B]its dietary tradition  饮食传统 [C] its natural conditions  自然条件 [D] its commercial interests  商业利益 答案∶C 29.It can be learned from the last paragraph that British people? [A] rely largely on imports for fresh produce  对于新鲜食品的生产是靠大量的进口  原文 fruit and vegetables 同义替换 fresh produce  [B] enjoy a steady rise infrunt consumption 消费水果的数量稳步上升 ×  无中生有 [C] are seeking effective ways to cut calorie intake 正在尝试种植新的谷物品种×  无中生有 [D] are trying to grow new varieties of gains  正寻找减少热量摄入的有效方法  原文谷物糖类提供大部分热量  并非说英国人寻找减少热量方法 答案∶A 30.The author's attitude to food self-efficiency in the UK is_____. [A] defensive 防范的 没有提及 [B] tolerant  反义 [C] optimistic  反义 [D] doubtful  定位第2段第3句-4句  the argument goes一些人观点，sounds great- BUT表达否定 答案∶Dreverse  扭转 inefficiently 无效 utilized 利用 predict预测 forcast预测 talking point话题 trend趋势 sufficiency 充足 argument 论据 boost促进 sovereignty主权 feasible 可行的 vision 愿景 consume消费 livestock家畜 caveat 警告 grave严重的 self-sufficient自给自足 drastically急剧 consumption 消费 intensiveyly 集中地 swtich改变 转换 dominate 主导 husbandry农牧业 terrain地形 soil土壤 crop庄稼 arable可耕种 convert 转变 veg蔬菜 involve 包括 nuature reserve 自然保护区 grain 谷物 seed 种子 vast巨大的 bulk 大部分 intake 摄入