05355商务英语翻译试卷第1套I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.A. 如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。B. 如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。C. 如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。D. 如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( hereinafter called the "Seller"). A. 2002年3月7日，本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]订立。B. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。C. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。D. 2002年3月7日，本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]订立。3. Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.A. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。B. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。C. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。D. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。4. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of US$30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time. A. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元，以便卖方及时提取款项。B. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元，以便买方及时提取款项。C. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款共计30000美元，以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。D. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款30000美元，以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。5. China’s compliance with an intellectual-property accord is seen as a keen test of its sincerity in abiding by WTO rules.A. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 B. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议，被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。C. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议已经视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。D. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议，被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 6. The new prosperity may represent a long, sustained plateau of brisk demand, plentiful jobs, and increased living standards.A. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了改善。B. 新的繁荣可能表现为持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量的就业机会，生活水平也得到了提高。C. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了提高。D. 新的繁荣表现为一段持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了改善。 7. Shippers are requested to note particularly the exceptions and conditions of this bill of lading with reference to the validity of the insurance upon their goods. A. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。 B. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。C. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。D. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。8. The seller must supply the goods in conformity with the contract of sale, together with such evidence of conformity as may be required by the contract. A. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物，如合同有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。B. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物，如合同有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。C. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物，如有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。D. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物，如另有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。9. The home of your dreams awaits you behind this door. Whether your taste be a country manor estate or a penthouse in the sky, you will find the following pages filled with the world’s most elegant residences. A. 打开门，等候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。B. 打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间领地，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。C. 打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住处供您选择。D. 打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。10. Unemployment in America (as of mid-1990) was running near 5.25 percent. That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment, but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate.A. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。按以往充分就业的标准比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。B. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。按以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。C. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。以往充分就业的标准比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。D. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。II. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 2. bank portfolio 3. housing mortgages 4. barter trade 5. bills and forms 6. fiscal year 7. cargo insurance 8. carrying vessel 9. clean payment credit 10. clearance sale 11. accounting systems 12. comparative advantage 13. economic incentives 14. financial statements 15. bills of exchange 16. captioned goods 17. floating policy 18. international specialization 19. straight B/L 20. under separate cover III. Translation Improvement from English to Chinese. For each English sentence, there is one or more errors in the translation provided. Please underline the error or errors, and then write the whole of your improved version in the space provided below. (20 points, 2 points for each)1. 原文：Commercial business is very profitable, and most radio and TV stations depend on the income.译文：商事很赚钱，大部分电台和电视台都靠这部分收入而生存。改进译文：广告是很赚钱的生意，大部分电台和电视台都靠广告费收入而生存2. 原文：Worry about the possibility of less severe, but still debilitating, recessions persisted, however. 译文：然而，关于会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退的担心仍然持续着。改进的译文：然而，人们仍然担心会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退。3. 原文：Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.译文：承包商依据适当的法律或分包合同在对拥有的任何权力不带成见的条件下，应该有权扣留或暂缓支付在不同情况下应由承包商支付给分包商的任何全部或部分金额。改进的译文：在不影响按适用法律或分包合同享有任何权利的情况下，承包商有权扣留或暂缓支付承包商应付给分包商的全部或部分到期金额。4. 原文：Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 译文：商务指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过它们利润和经济盈余将被创造。改进的译文：商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动能创造利润和经济盈余。5. 原文：Dickerson is an international marketing company specializing in fertilizers, chemicals, cocoa, pesticides, coal, agricultural products and many others.译文：狄格森公司是一家国际营销公司，专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品。改进的译文：狄格森公司是一家国际贸易公司，专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品6. 原文：We regret the four of the items enquired for in your Fax are unfortunately not available for export.译文：很遗憾，贵方传真所询商品有4项无货可供。改进的译文：很遗憾，贵方传真所询的4项商品均无货可供。7. 原文：Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of non-affiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects. 译文：若没有来自国外的直接投资，公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。改进的译文：若没有对国外进行直接投资，公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。8. 原文：The purpose of engineering is to create useful goods, to make them better, cheaper and more abundant. 译文：工程的目的是要创造有用的物品，使它们更好、更便宜、更充足。改进的译文：工程的目的是要创造有用的物品，使其质量更好、价格更便宜、数量更充足。9. 原文：It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.译文：那时，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了，各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。改进的译文：在这种情况下, 世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了，各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。10. 原文：The Contract is in octuplicate, four in the Chinese language and four in the English language.译文：本合同一式8份，中文4份，英文4份。改进的译文：本合同一式8份，中英文版本各4份。IV. Business letter Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)SUNRISE GARMENT COMPANY25 Dongfeng Boulevard, Tianjin 300026 P.R.C.June 22, 2000Ms. Margaret ZengerDirector, Purchasing DivisionPan America Farment, Inc.529 Randaph DriveNew Orleans, Louisiana 70167USADear Ms. Zenger;Thank you for your enquiry of June 5. We are pleased to know that you are interested in our raincoats.Our Rainbow range is popular not only because of its light weight but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:100 Rainbow coats, men's, medium at $ 6.00 each $600.00100 Rainbow coats, men's, small at $ 5.50 each $550.00100 Rainbow coats, women's, medium at $ 5.00 each $500.00100 Rainbow coats, women’s, small at $ 4.50 each $450.00 $2,100.00Less 10 percent trade discount $210.00FOB Xingang Tianjin $1,890.00Freight $69.00Insurance $14.50 $1,973.50We will ship your order within three or four weeks after receiving it.We feel you may be interested in some of our other products and enclose a descriptive booklet for your reference.We look forward to receiving your order.Sincerely,Yi YuanSales ManagerV. Contract translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Any failure or delay in the performance by either party hereto of its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach hereof or give rise to any claims for damages if and to the extent that it is caused by occurrences beyond the control of the party affected, including, but without limiting the generality of the forgoing, acts of governmental authority, acts of god, strikes or concerted acts of workmen, fires, floods, explosions, wars, riots, storms, earth¬quakes, accidents, acts of a public enemy, rebellion, insurrection, sabotage, epidemic, quarantine restrictions, shortages of labour, materials or supplies, failures by contractors or subcontractors, transportation embargoes, failures or delays in transportation, rules, regulations, orders or directives of any government or any state, subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof or the order of any court of competent jurisdiction.参考译文：本协议任何一方未能履行基本协议规定的义务或有所延误，如果是由于发生该方无法控制的事件所造成的，则在此范围内不构成对本协议的违反，也不得引起任何赔偿损失的要求。这类事件在不局限于上述一般概念的前提下包括：政府的行为，自然界的行为，工人罢工或联合行动、火灾、水灾、爆炸、战争、暴乱、风暴、地震、事故，社会公敌的行为，叛乱，起义，破坏，传染病，隔离控制，劳动力、原材料或物资短缺，承包者或分包者未履约，禁运、运输方面未能履约或延误，任何政府或国家、下属各部门、机构或组织的条例、规定、命令或指示，任何有管辖权的法院的命令商务英语翻译第1套 答案和参考译文VI. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. BVII. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差2. bank portfolio 银行资产3. housing mortgages 住房按揭 4. barter trade 易货贸易5. bills and forms 单据与表格6. fiscal year 财政年度7. cargo insurance 货物保险8. carrying vessel 装货船只9. clean payment credit光票付款信用证10. clearance sale 清仓削价销售11. accounting systems 会计制度12. comparative advantage 比较优势13. economic incentives 经济动机14. financial statements 财务报表，财务决算，财政决算15. bills of exchange 汇票16. captioned goods 标题/上述货物17. floating policy 统保单18. international specialization 国际分工19. straight B/L 记名提单20. under separate cover 另函
如果没有学过专业课，语言学和教学法还是有一定难度，剩余的都是考的基本，所以如果报两门，建议考翻译，泛读和写作吧
1、熟练掌握书本内容 首先大家需要对教材中的内容很熟悉，特别是书的一些重点篇目。一般来说，文学的两个单元考试的内容最少，但是这两个单元每年也都是有题的。所以，如果在没有时间再复习其他单元的情况下，还是以经济，政治，法律这三个单元为重点突破口，包括书上的课文和练习，以及练习册上的练习。 2、掌握一定翻译技巧 翻译是一门需要大量实践的课程，不可能在短期内突破，所以在平时大家需要多重视和学习一些翻译技巧，建议大家还可以在考试前能进行一些新翻译材料实践。 3、灵活处理课外考点 在复习中大家不仅要掌握书本知识，对于课外的知识也需要一定的积累。自考英语科目考试的词汇翻译大多集中在政治，经济，文化，法律和环保这几个领域中，因此考生在平时可以经常关注一些政治经济的新闻和时政要闻，积累课外知识点。 4、制定合理复习策略 综合以上几点，大家对于英语翻译的复习工作是比较杂的，因此大家需要制定一个合理的复习计划，而且一定要紧跟考点制定复习策略，把书上的东西完全弄懂，技巧掌握一些，课外的翻译适当的训练，积极认真准备词汇，这样这门考试肯定可以通过。自考/成考有疑问、不知道如何总结自考/成考考点内容、不清楚自考/成考报名当地政策，点击底部咨询官网，免费领取复习资料：
先把书读薄,就是每一章的大标题小标题抄一遍,看不进书和看的进书抄一遍都会有个初步印象,这时候要把所有术语的中文翻译找出来,比如accounting是会计,这些不能望文生义,否则就会影响更多阅读.第二不就是把重点章节比如说二三四章看一遍,每一章都只能花2-3天,如果花多时间了,你会根本不去看,人都是有惰性的,所以逼自己在两天内看完一章,一个星期就把握好重点了.最后一遍就走马观花,吧重点用红笔在笔记和书上标一下.看看老师的课件就可以了.考试是很容易的.
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搜外语下载中心 上面四级六级雅思托福考研 商务英语资料非常全面都是免费下载的望采纳~
05355商务英语翻译试卷第1套I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.A. 如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。B. 如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。C. 如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。D. 如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( hereinafter called the "Seller"). A. 2002年3月7日，本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]订立。B. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。C. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。D. 2002年3月7日，本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]订立。3. Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.A. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。B. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。C. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。D. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。4. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of US$30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time. A. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元，以便卖方及时提取款项。B. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元，以便买方及时提取款项。C. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款共计30000美元，以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。D. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款30000美元，以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。5. China’s compliance with an intellectual-property accord is seen as a keen test of its sincerity in abiding by WTO rules.A. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 B. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议，被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。C. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议已经视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。D. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议，被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 6. The new prosperity may represent a long, sustained plateau of brisk demand, plentiful jobs, and increased living standards.A. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了改善。B. 新的繁荣可能表现为持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量的就业机会，生活水平也得到了提高。C. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了提高。D. 新的繁荣表现为一段持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了改善。 7. Shippers are requested to note particularly the exceptions and conditions of this bill of lading with reference to the validity of the insurance upon their goods. A. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。 B. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。C. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。D. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。8. The seller must supply the goods in conformity with the contract of sale, together with such evidence of conformity as may be required by the contract. A. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物，如合同有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。B. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物，如合同有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。C. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物，如有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。D. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物，如另有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。9. The home of your dreams awaits you behind this door. Whether your taste be a country manor estate or a penthouse in the sky, you will find the following pages filled with the world’s most elegant residences. A. 打开门，等候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。B. 打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间领地，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。C. 打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住处供您选择。D. 打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。10. Unemployment in America (as of mid-1990) was running near 5.25 percent. That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment, but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate.A. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。按以往充分就业的标准比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。B. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。按以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。C. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。以往充分就业的标准比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。D. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。II. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 2. bank portfolio 3. housing mortgages 4. barter trade 5. bills and forms 6. fiscal year 7. cargo insurance 8. carrying vessel 9. clean payment credit 10. clearance sale 11. accounting systems 12. comparative advantage 13. economic incentives 14. financial statements 15. bills of exchange 16. captioned goods 17. floating policy 18. international specialization 19. straight B/L 20. under separate cover III. Translation Improvement from English to Chinese. For each English sentence, there is one or more errors in the translation provided. Please underline the error or errors, and then write the whole of your improved version in the space provided below. (20 points, 2 points for each)1. 原文：Commercial business is very profitable, and most radio and TV stations depend on the income.译文：商事很赚钱，大部分电台和电视台都靠这部分收入而生存。改进译文：广告是很赚钱的生意，大部分电台和电视台都靠广告费收入而生存2. 原文：Worry about the possibility of less severe, but still debilitating, recessions persisted, however. 译文：然而，关于会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退的担心仍然持续着。改进的译文：然而，人们仍然担心会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退。3. 原文：Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.译文：承包商依据适当的法律或分包合同在对拥有的任何权力不带成见的条件下，应该有权扣留或暂缓支付在不同情况下应由承包商支付给分包商的任何全部或部分金额。改进的译文：在不影响按适用法律或分包合同享有任何权利的情况下，承包商有权扣留或暂缓支付承包商应付给分包商的全部或部分到期金额。4. 原文：Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 译文：商务指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过它们利润和经济盈余将被创造。改进的译文：商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动能创造利润和经济盈余。5. 原文：Dickerson is an international marketing company specializing in fertilizers, chemicals, cocoa, pesticides, coal, agricultural products and many others.译文：狄格森公司是一家国际营销公司，专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品。改进的译文：狄格森公司是一家国际贸易公司，专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品6. 原文：We regret the four of the items enquired for in your Fax are unfortunately not available for export.译文：很遗憾，贵方传真所询商品有4项无货可供。改进的译文：很遗憾，贵方传真所询的4项商品均无货可供。7. 原文：Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of non-affiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects. 译文：若没有来自国外的直接投资，公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。改进的译文：若没有对国外进行直接投资，公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。8. 原文：The purpose of engineering is to create useful goods, to make them better, cheaper and more abundant. 译文：工程的目的是要创造有用的物品，使它们更好、更便宜、更充足。改进的译文：工程的目的是要创造有用的物品，使其质量更好、价格更便宜、数量更充足。9. 原文：It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.译文：那时，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了，各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。改进的译文：在这种情况下, 世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了，各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。10. 原文：The Contract is in octuplicate, four in the Chinese language and four in the English language.译文：本合同一式8份，中文4份，英文4份。改进的译文：本合同一式8份，中英文版本各4份。IV. Business letter Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)SUNRISE GARMENT COMPANY25 Dongfeng Boulevard, Tianjin 300026 P.R.C.June 22, 2000Ms. Margaret ZengerDirector, Purchasing DivisionPan America Farment, Inc.529 Randaph DriveNew Orleans, Louisiana 70167USADear Ms. Zenger;Thank you for your enquiry of June 5. We are pleased to know that you are interested in our raincoats.Our Rainbow range is popular not only because of its light weight but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:100 Rainbow coats, men's, medium at $ 6.00 each $600.00100 Rainbow coats, men's, small at $ 5.50 each $550.00100 Rainbow coats, women's, medium at $ 5.00 each $500.00100 Rainbow coats, women’s, small at $ 4.50 each $450.00 $2,100.00Less 10 percent trade discount $210.00FOB Xingang Tianjin $1,890.00Freight $69.00Insurance $14.50 $1,973.50We will ship your order within three or four weeks after receiving it.We feel you may be interested in some of our other products and enclose a descriptive booklet for your reference.We look forward to receiving your order.Sincerely,Yi YuanSales ManagerV. Contract translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Any failure or delay in the performance by either party hereto of its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach hereof or give rise to any claims for damages if and to the extent that it is caused by occurrences beyond the control of the party affected, including, but without limiting the generality of the forgoing, acts of governmental authority, acts of god, strikes or concerted acts of workmen, fires, floods, explosions, wars, riots, storms, earth¬quakes, accidents, acts of a public enemy, rebellion, insurrection, sabotage, epidemic, quarantine restrictions, shortages of labour, materials or supplies, failures by contractors or subcontractors, transportation embargoes, failures or delays in transportation, rules, regulations, orders or directives of any government or any state, subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof or the order of any court of competent jurisdiction.参考译文：本协议任何一方未能履行基本协议规定的义务或有所延误，如果是由于发生该方无法控制的事件所造成的，则在此范围内不构成对本协议的违反，也不得引起任何赔偿损失的要求。这类事件在不局限于上述一般概念的前提下包括：政府的行为，自然界的行为，工人罢工或联合行动、火灾、水灾、爆炸、战争、暴乱、风暴、地震、事故，社会公敌的行为，叛乱，起义，破坏，传染病，隔离控制，劳动力、原材料或物资短缺，承包者或分包者未履约，禁运、运输方面未能履约或延误，任何政府或国家、下属各部门、机构或组织的条例、规定、命令或指示，任何有管辖权的法院的命令商务英语翻译第1套 答案和参考译文VI. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. BVII. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差2. bank portfolio 银行资产3. housing mortgages 住房按揭 4. barter trade 易货贸易5. bills and forms 单据与表格6. fiscal year 财政年度7. cargo insurance 货物保险8. carrying vessel 装货船只9. clean payment credit光票付款信用证10. clearance sale 清仓削价销售11. accounting systems 会计制度12. comparative advantage 比较优势13. economic incentives 经济动机14. financial statements 财务报表，财务决算，财政决算15. bills of exchange 汇票16. captioned goods 标题/上述货物17. floating policy 统保单18. international specialization 国际分工19. straight B/L 记名提单20. under separate cover 另函
Unit7（第20讲—第22讲） 本课主要构词法 affixation （词缀法） 1. 名词后缀 -iondefinition 2. 名词后缀 -agemarriage 3. 名词后缀 -itysecurity 4. 形容词后缀 -alagricultural，industrial，traditional，social 5. 动词后缀 -izeindustrialize 本课简介 在Families这篇课文中，作者首先告诉我们对于不同的人来说“家庭”有不同的含义，但是家庭意味着某种归属这一点是所有人的共识。作者还对核心家庭和大家庭的演变进行了分析，从中我们更可以看出家庭成员在家庭中的角色和作用的变化。 本课语言点 1. …a group of people related by blood or marriage， … 句子中的by常可与某些名词连用，在名词前面不加定冠词the，意思相当于“with regard to”，“according to”。请看下面的例句： 1） He is an Englishman by birth. （他祖籍英国。） 2） He is a teacher by profession. （他以医生为职业。） 3） By birth and by education Thomas Jefferson belonged to the highest social class， but he never looked down upon the working-class people. （按其出生和所受的教育，托马斯·杰弗逊都属于社会的了阶层，但他从来不轻视劳动人民。） relate是一个动词，在句子中的意思是“使联系”。请看例句： 1）It is not difficult for people to relate the result to the cause. （人们要把结果和原因联系起来并不困难。） 2）It might be more helpful to you if you can relate theory to practice.（如果你能把理论和实践联系起来，对你的帮助也许会更大。） relate还可解释为叙述；有关，涉及；相处得好 1） He related us a story vividly. （他生动地给我们讲述了一个故事。） 2） His talk related to the international situation. （他的讲话涉及国际形势。） 3） He relates very well to his classmates. （他和同学们相处得很好。） related可以做形容词用，意思是“有联系的，相关的。” 1） These four people are closely related to each other. （这四个人联系紧密。） 2） He is very much interesting in painting and the related arts. （他对绘画及其有关的艺术很感兴趣。） 2. …all those people descended from a common ancestor， …所有来自同一祖先的人们。 “descended from a common ancestor”是一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰people.descended from的意思是“传下，遗传”，如： 1） His family were descended from an Indian tribe. （他的家庭是印第安部落的后裔。） 2） Darwin concluded that men were descended from apes. （达尔文断定人由猿进化而来。） descend to 的意思是“屈尊，降低；转而说到” 1） The firm had descended to using nude pictures for advertising. （那家公司堕落到用*照做广告。） 2）Mr. Lee then descended to the details we had to be careful about.（李先生转而谈到了我们必须注意的细节问题。） common是一个形容词，意思是“共有的，共同的；普通的”，请看例句： 1）No doubt， this is a grammatical mistake common to beginners in English. （毫无疑问，这是英语初学者常犯的语法错误。） 2）How could you have no idea about this common knowledge？ （对这个普通常识你怎么会一无所知。） 3）They have no common interests. （他们没有共同的爱好。） 3. Some people thank of a family as a mother， a father， and their children， … think of …as …是一个很常用的词组，意思是“把…看作…”，如： 1） He often thinks of himself as a genius. （他常把自己看作为天才。） 2） The Yellow River is thought of as the cradle of the Chinese nation. （黄河被看作为中华民族的摇篮。） 与think of…as…意思相近的词组在英语中还有很多。如： regard…aslook upon…as… see…as…view…as… consider…as… 4. For others， having a family simply means having children. 本句中，having a family做主语，mean为谓语动词，having children 做宾语。mean在句中的意思是“意味着”。当mean作“意味着”解释时，在它的后面应该跟名词或者动名词，如： 1）Accepting the job would mean moving to another city. （接受这份工作将意味着我得搬到另一个城市去。） 2）A raise in the worker's salary will mean a cut in the profit. （增加工人的工资意味着利润的降低。） 当mean作“意欲，打算”解释时，在它的后面通常跟不定式，如： 1）I didn't mean to offend you. （我无意冒犯你。） 2）I meant to give you the book yesterday， but I forgot it. （我原打算昨天把书给你的，但我忘了。） 5. Some families have long histories， while others know very little about their ancestors. 请注意while的用法，在本句中while是一个表示转折意味的连词，意思是“然而”。如：Fred gambled all his money away while Jane saved every penny for her son's schooling. （弗雷德赌输了他所有的钱，而珍妮却为儿子的教育攒下每一分钱。） while在不同的语境中有不同的意思，请翻译下面的句子，注意while的词义。 1）They decided to find a less expensive place to stay while in Paris.（在巴黎期间，他们打算找个更便宜的地方住。） 2）He looked at his watch several times while talking to her. （在跟她交谈时，他看了几次表。） 3）One group of children are quiet， while the second group was very active. （一组孩子很安静，而第二组孩子非常活跃。） 4）While I have sympathy for these people， I think they are guilty. （尽管我同情这些人，但我觉得他们有罪。） 5）We will succeed while we don't lose hope. （只要我们不失去希望，我们就会成功。） 6. No matter if it is young or old， large or small traditional or modern， every family has a sense of what a family is. no matter if 连接让步状语从句，更常见的是用no matter whether.除了no matter whether以外，no matter wh-引导的让步状语从句还有：no matter what， no matter who， no matter whose， no matter which， no matter when， no matter where， no matter how等等。而用wh-ever引导让步从句也是十分常见的。请看下面的例句： 1） No matter what happens， please let me know. （无论发生什么事，请让我知道。） 2） No matter who telephones， tell him I'm out. （无论谁来电话，告诉他我出去了。） 3） No matter how hard I tried， I couldn't succeed. （无论我多努力，我总不能成功。） 4） No matter whether you believe it or not， it's truth. （无论你信不信，那总是事实。） 5） No matter where you go， I will follow you. （无论你去哪里，我都跟着你。） 6） No matter which book you like you can have it. （无论你喜欢哪本书，你都可以拿去。） 7） No matter whose money it is， we can't spend it so carelessly. （无论是谁的钱，我们都不能这样随意地花） 上述某些句子可以用wh-ever表述如下： 1） Whatever happens， please let me know. 2） Whoever telephones， tell him I'm out. 3） However hard I tried， I couldn't succeed. 4） Wherever you go， I will follow you. 5） Whichever book you like， you can have it. 7. It is that feeling of belonging， of love and security that comes from living together， helping and sharing. 本句中的it代指课文前一句中的a sense of what a family is. feeling of belonging 意思为“归属感”。 security 是一个名词，意思是“安全”。 that comes from living together， helping and sharing 是定语从句，修饰that feeling of belonging， of love and security. 8. However， with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society， many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work. 本句中的however是一个表示转折意味的副词，有承接上文的作用，可以使这个句子和前面的句子连接得更紧密，有些接近连词。请看例句： 1） This， however， is not your fault. （但这不是你的错。） 2） I'd like to go with you， however， my hands are full. （我很想和你一起去，可是我忙不过来。） 句中的with是一个介词，意思是“随着”，请看例句： 1）With the change of the economic foundation， the superstructure has to be transformed too.（随着经济基础的改变，上层建筑也必须改造。） 2）With the development of science and technology， the society is changing rapidly.（随着科学技术的发展，社会在迅速地改变。） with是一个十分常用的介词，请看下面的句子，注意with的用法和词意： 1）Who will go with you？ （谁和你一起去？） 2）The teacher is very strict with us. （老师对我们很严格。） 3）At the news we all jumped with joy. （听了这个消息，我们都高兴得跳了起来。With表示原因。） 4）He wanted to kill two birds with one stone. （他想一举两得。With意为“用，以”，译法可灵活。） 5）China is a country with a large population. （中国是一个有众多人口的国家。With表示“有，带有”） 6）He finished this work with great difficulty. （他好不容易才完成了这项工作。With引起短语作方式状语。） 7）He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded. （他双手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。With引导独立结构：with+名词+过去分词，做方式状语。） 8）What's wrong with you？ （你怎么了？with意为“就…来说”） 9）With your knowledge and experience， you are sure to find a good job. （以（凭）你的知识和经验，你肯定会找到一份好工作。） 10）With all his shortcomings， he was a nice person. （尽管他有缺点，他还是个不错的人。） 句子中的in order to find work做目的状语，除了用in order to 以外，还可以用so as to，也可以把in order，so as省去，只用不定式。请看例句： 1）He decided to study harder （so as ） to catch up with the others. （他决定加紧学习好赶上别人。） 2）He ran out in a hurry （in order） to catch the last bus. （为了赶上末班车，他匆匆向外跑去。） 9. Therefore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family as the society industrializes. 句子中的therefore是一个副词，通常用来表示后面将要表述的内容是前面已经表述的内容的结果，也可以用来引导一个结论。类似的表达还有：so，consequently，as a result 等等。请看例句： 1）It rained， therefore the football match was put off. （天下雨，所以足球比赛延期了。） 2）He is too careless， as a result he failed the exam. （他太粗心，所以考试没及格。） 3）He was ill for about a month， consequently he lagged behind his classmates.（他病了一个月，因此落在了同学后面。） as the society industrializes随着社会的工业化。as是一个连词，表示“当…时”。请看例句： 1）As time goes on， you'll like this place better. （随着时间的推移，你会更喜欢这个地方。） 2）As he talked on he got more and more excited. （他谈着的时候，越来越兴奋。） 本课中还有： 1）The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children. 2）As social scientists study these two new family forms， they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age. 10. social scientists now talk of two new family forms… 本句中的talk是一个不及物动词，在表达“谈论某人（某事）”时，talk后面应该用介词of或者about.请看例句： 1）What are you talking about？ （你们在谈什么？） 2）They are talking of visiting Mr. Zhang. （他们正谈论去看张先生的事。） 3） What do you mean when you talk about culture？ （你谈论文化时指的是什么？） Text B The Changing American Family 短语表达 1. all over We have friends all over the world. I have been looking all over for him. 2. provide for Father had to work very hard to provide food and clothes for the family. They are trying to provide some guidance for the newcomers. 3. be expected to Parents are expected to provide for their children. You are expected to be here before eight. 4. take care of The nurse took care of the old lady when her daughter was away. The cat and the dog were taken good care of. 5. on the other hand I don't think this proposal is workable. On one hand we don't have so much money， on the other hand time is too limited. 6. be considered to be He is considered to be the best candidate for the job. Father is considered to be a humorous and responsible person. 7. in addition （to） In addition， there are some magazines on the table. In addition to bread， we had some milk and eggs for breakfast. 8. make decision You have to make an immediate decision about the project. It is difficult for me to make a decision right now. 9. help with He hoped that his brother would help him with his math. At weekends I often help my mother with the housework. 10. in contrast In contrast with the low grade I got， Paul got a full mark on the biology test. Their club， in contrast， reached a membership of 2000 last year. 11. give up You will amount to nothing if you always give up easily. The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking. 12. get ready for He got up early in the morning in order to get ready for the exam. I haven't got ready for the interview yet. 13. be busy doing Mother is busy cooking in the kitchen. The teacher is busy distributing the test papers. 14. in conclusion She will say a few words about the arrangement in conclusion. In conclusion， the old people are happy in most of the Asian countries. 15. instead of Instead of getting the bike repaired he bought a new one. Who is going to the meeting instead of you？
自考英语--浙江英语本科英语写作试卷Ⅰ. Supply the missing conclusion. (20%)Directions: Study the following passage carefully and write a conclusion in no more than 100 words. Make sure that the tone and vocabulary you use are in unity with the passage provided.Americans Are Friendly to Strangers I came to the United States one year ago and I had no idea about life in the United States and American traditions, except that life was complicated and people are strange. At the time I arrived at J. F. Kennedy Airport, I felt very happy because I am fond of traveling around the world. Coming to America had been one of my dreams. A few minutes later, however, I felt afraid. I asked myself why I had come to this strange world and what I was doing here. I remembered what my friends at home said about Americans treating strangers. After I attended college, however, I discovered the opposite of what I had expected. Even though American social relations are complex, hard to form, and hard to maintain, I managed to bridge the gap and I was able to have close friendships with some Americans. For example, the first semester I attended college, I became friends with one of the American students who used to attend math class with me. We used to study together, go to parties together, and he used to help me a lot with my English. Even though he transferred to another university, we always keep in touch with each other. From my experience, I have come to understand that Americans are generally verbal, and long, silent periods are uncomfortable to them. So, when I sit with Americans, I start a conversation with them by talking about the weather, sports, or about teachers’ skills in the classroom. I think conversations make a friendly atmosphere among people. My experience of traveling across the country from New Orleans to San Diego also proved to me that I had the wrong idea about Americans. When I told my friends that my brother and I were going to drive across the United States and if they wanted to join me, they said, “It is dangerous to drive across America. You might get killed by one of the truck drivers or get robbed.”However, we didn’t pay attention to them because we wanted to find out what America is really like and how people treat strangers. On the way from San Antonio to EL Paso, our car stopped because it ran out of fuel. We got out of the car and waited for anyone to give us a ride. Ten minutes later, a truck pulled off the road. I approached him carefully and I asked him, “Could you please give us a ride to the nearest gas station?” He said, “The nearest station is thirty-five miles away and you might not find anyone who can drive you back to your car. ” Then he came up with a solution to our problem. He towed our car to the nearest station. When we reached it, I took a fifty-dollar bill from my pocket and handed it to him, but he wouldn’t accept it. He told me that he helped me because we needed help.Ⅱ. Write an outline. (20%)Directions: Read the following passage carefully and try to compose an outline for the passage provided.The Necessity of English Writing for English Majors English writing is generally the most difficult one in the language competence required for the students majoring in English, considering the great pains student writers take and the slight progress they make in their practice. Most of the beginners think there is no need to practice writing English compositions since their writing skills in Chinese is quite sufficient, and English writing is after all not quite practical for their future work. However, English writing, as a very important part of students’ general language competence and as a means of expressing oneself and of spreading knowledge and information, is necessary and essential for English majors. The difficulty of English writing frustrates many students so much that they turn to their Chinese writing skills for help. That is natural. In fact, their Chinese writing skills do help their English writing, especially in generating and organizing ideas and details. Meanwhile, Chinese writing is different from English writing in sentence structures and paragraph organizations and their differences in expressions are certainly even bigger. Simply translating Chinese word for word into English cannot make good English writing. Other students hold a wrong view of learning English. They think to learn English is just to memorize a large vocabulary, to master the grammar and to speak fluent English. Once they are proficient in those areas of English, they can naturally handle English writing well. To correct such a one-sided view, one thing must be kept in mind, that is, spoken English is not equal to written English. Oral speech is often rather loose and flexible without precise and proper arrangement. Oral English uses simple everyday language while written English comprises complicated words and sentence structures. Therefore, written English is more demanding, and it requires intentional and intensive practice. English writing course can serve this purpose. The students’ laziness in observing and thinking partly accounts for their reluctance to practice writing. Writing sharpens and improves thinking. English writing can help students develop the habit and ability of thinking in English and become generally more competent in English. Composition topics can be varied yet close to life. If students have a good habit of observing life and thinking constantly, they won’t bump into topics with empty heads. Keen observation and deep thoughts are necessary for good English writing, and they are also signs for well-educated people. Writing can also strengthen students’ abilities in comprehension and oral English. Writing is creative work. After brainstorming, various ideas and pictures may pop into their minds and some beautiful sentences may be written down on a piece of paper, which will last long in their memory. Their written English skills may help to polish and beautify their spoken English and make their oral expression precise and elegant. Writing involves lots of reading. When reading others’ writing, they will be sensitive to various styles and that will quicken their reading speed and comprehension. Furthermore, English writing is in fact a most practical tool in students’ future career. It will be used in writing telexes, business letters, research papers and public speeches. Every kind of writing has its special style, which needs a careful study and strenuous practice. Yet all those are based on essential skills in English writing that will be covered in an English writing course. Finally, the required competence for English majors differs from other English learners. English majors are not limited to the command of any particular sphere of the English language, but they must have all-round competence in terms of listening and reading comprehension, spoken ability and writing skills in English, so that they can adopt themselves to various situations in their future work. No one is born capable of everything. Hard work is the premise of success. To be able to use English freely, we do not only have to read a lot, speak a lot, but also write a lot. English writing practice consolidates students’ overall English competence and enables them to express their ideas and feelings in a more precise, graceful and permanent form.Ⅲ. Composition (60%)Directions: Write an example paper on the given topic.We Are Entering a Computer Age
05355商务英语翻译试卷第1套I. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. Rising damp, if not treated effectively, could in time cause extensive damage to the structure of your home, ruin decoration and furniture.A. 如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。B. 如果处理不当，墙内潮气最终可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏和损害。C. 如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构造成大面积破坏，毁掉装修和家具。D. 如果处理不当，墙内的潮湿气体准时可能会对房屋的结构、装修以及家具造成大面积破坏。2. This contract is entered into as of the seventh day of March, 2002, by and between Lonk Co. Ltd., a corporation organized under the laws of the United States of America (hereinafter called the "Purchaser"), and Wingo Co. Group, a corporation organized under the laws of the People’s Republic of China ( hereinafter called the "Seller"). A. 2002年3月7日，本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]订立。B. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称甲方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称乙方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。C. 本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]之间于2002年3月7日订立。D. 2002年3月7日，本合同由依照美国法律成立的龙科有限公司[以下简称买方]和依照中华人民共和国法律成立的文果集团公司[以下简称卖方]订立。3. Multinational bank's services include issuing letter of credit, buying and selling foreign exchange, issuing banker's acceptances, accepting Eurocurrency deposits, making Eurocurrency loans, and assisting in the marketing of Eurobonds.A. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。B. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。C. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开立银行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行欧洲货币债券。D. 跨国银行提供的服务包括开立信用证、买卖外汇、开证行承兑、接受欧洲货币储存、提供欧洲货币贷款以及发行推销欧洲货币债券。4. Within 30 days after the signing and coming into effect of this contract, the Buyer shall proceed to pay the price for the goods to the Seller by opening an irrevocable L/C for the full amount of US$30,000 in favor of the Seller through a bank at export point so that the Seller may draw the sum in due time. A. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元，以便卖方及时提取款项。B. 卖方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款计30000美元，以便买方及时提取款项。C. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口地银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款共计30000美元，以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。D. 买方须于本合同签字并生效后三十天内通过出口银行开立以卖方为收益人的不可撤销信用证支付全部货款30000美元，以便卖方可以及时提取该笔货款。5. China’s compliance with an intellectual-property accord is seen as a keen test of its sincerity in abiding by WTO rules.A. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 B. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议，被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。C. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议已经视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的试金石。D. 能否遵守国际知识产权协议，被视为检验中国有无诚意遵守世界贸易组织规则的监测手段。 6. The new prosperity may represent a long, sustained plateau of brisk demand, plentiful jobs, and increased living standards.A. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了改善。B. 新的繁荣可能表现为持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量的就业机会，生活水平也得到了提高。C. 新的繁荣表现为一段时间持续较长的旺盛的需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了提高。D. 新的繁荣表现为一段持续时间较长的旺盛需求、大量就业机会，生活水平也得到了改善。 7. Shippers are requested to note particularly the exceptions and conditions of this bill of lading with reference to the validity of the insurance upon their goods. A. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。 B. 承运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。C. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的例外和条件。D. 托运人必须特别注意本提单内与货物保险效力有关的免责事项和条件。8. The seller must supply the goods in conformity with the contract of sale, together with such evidence of conformity as may be required by the contract. A. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物，如合同有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。B. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物，如合同有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。C. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖合同所规定的货物，如有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。D. 卖方有责任供应符合买卖所规定的货物，如另有规定，尚须提供货物符合合同的要求的凭证。9. The home of your dreams awaits you behind this door. Whether your taste be a country manor estate or a penthouse in the sky, you will find the following pages filled with the world’s most elegant residences. A. 打开门，等候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。B. 打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间领地，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。C. 打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住处供您选择。D. 打开门，恭候着您的就是梦寐以求的家。无论您企盼的是一座乡间宅第，抑或是一间摩天大楼的顶屋，翻开下面几页就可以看到世界上最高雅的住宅供您选择。10. Unemployment in America (as of mid-1990) was running near 5.25 percent. That is somewhat higher than used to be considered full employment, but it is not a serious figure in the aggregate.A. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。按以往充分就业的标准比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。B. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。按以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。C. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。以往充分就业的标准比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。D. 1990年年中美国的失业率近5.25％。以往的标准，这个比例偏高，没有达到充分就业。但就整体来说问题并不严重。II. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 2. bank portfolio 3. housing mortgages 4. barter trade 5. bills and forms 6. fiscal year 7. cargo insurance 8. carrying vessel 9. clean payment credit 10. clearance sale 11. accounting systems 12. comparative advantage 13. economic incentives 14. financial statements 15. bills of exchange 16. captioned goods 17. floating policy 18. international specialization 19. straight B/L 20. under separate cover III. Translation Improvement from English to Chinese. For each English sentence, there is one or more errors in the translation provided. Please underline the error or errors, and then write the whole of your improved version in the space provided below. (20 points, 2 points for each)1. 原文：Commercial business is very profitable, and most radio and TV stations depend on the income.译文：商事很赚钱，大部分电台和电视台都靠这部分收入而生存。改进译文：广告是很赚钱的生意，大部分电台和电视台都靠广告费收入而生存2. 原文：Worry about the possibility of less severe, but still debilitating, recessions persisted, however. 译文：然而，关于会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退的担心仍然持续着。改进的译文：然而，人们仍然担心会出现虽不那么严重但仍能使经济疲软的衰退。3. 原文：Without prejudice to any rights which exist under the applicable laws or under the Subcontract, the Contractor shall be entitled to withhold or defer payment of all or part of any sums otherwise due by the Contractor to the Subcontractor.译文：承包商依据适当的法律或分包合同在对拥有的任何权力不带成见的条件下，应该有权扣留或暂缓支付在不同情况下应由承包商支付给分包商的任何全部或部分金额。改进的译文：在不影响按适用法律或分包合同享有任何权利的情况下，承包商有权扣留或暂缓支付承包商应付给分包商的全部或部分到期金额。4. 原文：Business is a combination of all these activities: production, distribution and sale, through which profit or economic surplus will be created. 译文：商务指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过它们利润和经济盈余将被创造。改进的译文：商务是指生产、分配、销售等一切活动的组合，通过这些活动能创造利润和经济盈余。5. 原文：Dickerson is an international marketing company specializing in fertilizers, chemicals, cocoa, pesticides, coal, agricultural products and many others.译文：狄格森公司是一家国际营销公司，专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品。改进的译文：狄格森公司是一家国际贸易公司，专营化肥、化工产品、可可、杀虫剂、煤炭、农产品以及许多其他产品6. 原文：We regret the four of the items enquired for in your Fax are unfortunately not available for export.译文：很遗憾，贵方传真所询商品有4项无货可供。改进的译文：很遗憾，贵方传真所询的4项商品均无货可供。7. 原文：Without making foreign direct investment commitments, firms can engage in international business through exporting and importing, licensing of non-affiliated foreign firms, sale of technology, foreign management contracts, and selling turnkey projects. 译文：若没有来自国外的直接投资，公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。改进的译文：若没有对国外进行直接投资，公司也可以通过出口和进口、非分支机构国外公司的许可、技术销售、国外管理合同以及销售由承包商完全承包的工程等方式来从事国际商务活动。8. 原文：The purpose of engineering is to create useful goods, to make them better, cheaper and more abundant. 译文：工程的目的是要创造有用的物品，使它们更好、更便宜、更充足。改进的译文：工程的目的是要创造有用的物品，使其质量更好、价格更便宜、数量更充足。9. 原文：It is not surprising, then, that the world saw a return to a floating exchange rate system. Central banks were no longer required to support their own currencies.译文：那时，世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了，各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。改进的译文：在这种情况下, 世界各国又恢复浮动汇率就不足为奇了，各国中央银行也就无须维持本币的汇价了。10. 原文：The Contract is in octuplicate, four in the Chinese language and four in the English language.译文：本合同一式8份，中文4份，英文4份。改进的译文：本合同一式8份，中英文版本各4份。IV. Business letter Translation from English to Chinese (20 points)SUNRISE GARMENT COMPANY25 Dongfeng Boulevard, Tianjin 300026 P.R.C.June 22, 2000Ms. Margaret ZengerDirector, Purchasing DivisionPan America Farment, Inc.529 Randaph DriveNew Orleans, Louisiana 70167USADear Ms. Zenger;Thank you for your enquiry of June 5. We are pleased to know that you are interested in our raincoats.Our Rainbow range is popular not only because of its light weight but also because the material used has been specially treated to prevent excessive condensation on the inside surface.For the quantities you mention we are pleased to quote as follows:100 Rainbow coats, men's, medium at $ 6.00 each $600.00100 Rainbow coats, men's, small at $ 5.50 each $550.00100 Rainbow coats, women's, medium at $ 5.00 each $500.00100 Rainbow coats, women’s, small at $ 4.50 each $450.00 $2,100.00Less 10 percent trade discount $210.00FOB Xingang Tianjin $1,890.00Freight $69.00Insurance $14.50 $1,973.50We will ship your order within three or four weeks after receiving it.We feel you may be interested in some of our other products and enclose a descriptive booklet for your reference.We look forward to receiving your order.Sincerely,Yi YuanSales ManagerV. Contract translation from English to Chinese (20 points)Any failure or delay in the performance by either party hereto of its obligations under this Agreement shall not constitute a breach hereof or give rise to any claims for damages if and to the extent that it is caused by occurrences beyond the control of the party affected, including, but without limiting the generality of the forgoing, acts of governmental authority, acts of god, strikes or concerted acts of workmen, fires, floods, explosions, wars, riots, storms, earth¬quakes, accidents, acts of a public enemy, rebellion, insurrection, sabotage, epidemic, quarantine restrictions, shortages of labour, materials or supplies, failures by contractors or subcontractors, transportation embargoes, failures or delays in transportation, rules, regulations, orders or directives of any government or any state, subdivision, agency or instrumentality thereof or the order of any court of competent jurisdiction.参考译文：本协议任何一方未能履行基本协议规定的义务或有所延误，如果是由于发生该方无法控制的事件所造成的，则在此范围内不构成对本协议的违反，也不得引起任何赔偿损失的要求。这类事件在不局限于上述一般概念的前提下包括：政府的行为，自然界的行为，工人罢工或联合行动、火灾、水灾、爆炸、战争、暴乱、风暴、地震、事故，社会公敌的行为，叛乱，起义，破坏，传染病，隔离控制，劳动力、原材料或物资短缺，承包者或分包者未履约，禁运、运输方面未能履约或延误，任何政府或国家、下属各部门、机构或组织的条例、规定、命令或指示，任何有管辖权的法院的命令商务英语翻译第1套 答案和参考译文VI. Multiple Choice (20 points, 2 points for each)1. A 2. C 3. B 4. C 5. B6. B 7. D 8. A 9. D 10. BVII. Phrase Translation from English to Chinese (20 points, 1 point for each)1. unfavorable balance of trade 贸易逆差2. bank portfolio 银行资产3. housing mortgages 住房按揭 4. barter trade 易货贸易5. bills and forms 单据与表格6. fiscal year 财政年度7. cargo insurance 货物保险8. carrying vessel 装货船只9. clean payment credit光票付款信用证10. clearance sale 清仓削价销售11. accounting systems 会计制度12. comparative advantage 比较优势13. economic incentives 经济动机14. financial statements 财务报表，财务决算，财政决算15. bills of exchange 汇票16. captioned goods 标题/上述货物17. floating policy 统保单18. international specialization 国际分工19. straight B/L 记名提单20. under separate cover 另函
楼主现在有资料了吗，我也在找
14. … they look for such a chance. 句中的such是前置限定词，可放在可数或不可数名词前，如： 1） I've never seen such beautiful scenery.（我从没见过这样美丽的景色。） 2） He didn't expect that the audience would give him such a response.（他没料想到观众们会给予如此反应。） 3） She didn't feel like going out on such a cold day.（她不想在如此寒冷的日子里出门。） 从下面的句子中可以看出so与such的区别，so是副词，通常用来修饰形容词或副词： 1） The question was so difficult that nobody could answer it. （这个问题太难了，没人能回答。） 2） His eyesight was so poor that he couldn't see anything clearly. （他的视力不好，什么也看不清。） 3） He ran so fast that nobody could catch up with him. （他跑得那么快，没有人能赶上他。） 15. It is more important for them to learn to think in the language than to know the meaning of every word. 不定式短语to learn to think in the language是句子的真正主语。it常常被用来代替不定式，在句子中充当形式主语，而把真正的主语移到句子后面去，这样使句子显得比较平稳。为了说明不定式表示的动作是谁做的，便在不定式前加for引起的短语。又如： 1） It is not at all difficult for him to understand the poem. 2） It is necessary for us to lend him a helping hand at this time. more important than是形容词比较级形式，请翻译下面的句子： 1） 汤姆的年龄比玛丽大。（Tom is older than Mary.） 2） 这本书比那本书更有趣。（This book is more interesting than that one.） 3） 我们班的学生人数比他们班的多。（There are more students in our class than in theirs.） 16. … you have probably been learning independently， actively， and purposefully. 句中所用的时态为现在完成进行时，表示一个动作从过去的某一时间开始，一直延续到现在，可能还要继续下去。又如： 1） He has been working for a whole day. 2） They have been watching TV for two hours. 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 老李已经在南京生活了二十年。（Lao Li has been living in Nanjing for 20 years.） 2） 雨下多久了？（How long has it been raining？） 3） 我等了他一个多小时了。（I have been waiting for him for more than an hour.） 17. … if your language learning has been less than successful， you might do well to try some of the techniques outlined above. less than用在形容词的前面是为了给所要表述的内容增加否定意味。又如：It would be less than fair to put all the blame on him.（把所有的责任都加在他身上是不太公平的。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 父亲对他的成绩不太满意。（Father was less than satisfied with his performance.） 2） 这个计划远不够完美。（The plan was a good deal less than perfect.） do well to do sth. 的意思是“…做”，如：She would do well to go away from these dishonest people.（她远离这些不诚实的人。） 本课主要词组 1. disagree with 2. be different from 3. succeed in 4. offer sth. to sb. 5. as much as 6. practice doing sth. 7. be similar to 8. first of all 9. depend on 10. instead of 11. wait for 12. look for 13. learn from 14. communicate with 15. be willing to 16. be interested in 17. in order to 18. on the other hand 19. less than 20. do well to do sth. 本课主要句型 A. 动名词做主语 1） Learning a language is easy. 2） Learning a language is a very difficult task. B. 定语从句 1） Most adults who are learning a second language would disagree with this statement. 2） Some people who are intelligent and successful in their fields… 3） They are good guessers who find clues and form their own conclusions. 4） They find people who speak the language… 5） …they can accept information that is inexact or incomplete. C. it 做形式宾语 1） …some people…find it difficult to succeed in… 2） They find it easy to practice using the language regularly… D. it 做形式主语 1） It is more important for them to learn to think… 2） It is necessary for them to learn the language… Text B Language 1. not only…but also （不但……而且） 例：To some people language learning is not only time-consuming， but also difficult. You can find the place not only with the help of a map， but also by asking the way. 2. up and down （上上下下，前前后后） 例：His eyes moved up and down the rows of people， looking for the escaped prisoner. He walked up and down the street， not knowing what decision he should make. 3. neither…nor （既不……也不） 例：Neither you nor I should be responsible for this accident. This book is neither interesting nor instructive. 4. mean to do sth.（打算做某事，想要做某事） 例：I meant to say “sorry” to him， but he didn't want to listen. He didn't mean to hurt you. 5. not at all（一点也不） 例：I am not at all tired. He was not at all frightened by the strange noise. 6. consist of（由……组成） 例：Our class consists of 20 boys and 26 girls. The medical team consists of 3 doctors and two nurses.
4. They need hundreds of hours of study and practice， and even this will not guarantee success for every adult language learner. 注意句中hundreds of hours的用法，阅读课本第六页注解2. 请翻译下面的词组： 1） 十个学生 ten students 数十个学生 tens of students 2） 五百年 five hundred years 数百年 hundreds of years 3） 两千年 two thousand years 数千年 thousands of years 4） 三百万美元 three million dollars 数百万美元 millions of dollars 5. Language learning is different from other kinds of learning. 句中be different from 意为“与…不同”，如：My opinion is different from yours.（我的观点与你的观点不同。） 请注意下面三个句子中所用的词组： Man is different from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language. Man differs from all the other animals in his ability to learn and use a language. The greatest difference between man and all the other animals is his ability to learn and use a language. 从上面的句子中可以看出differ是动词，different 是形容词，difference是名词。 6. … find it difficult to succeed in language learning. … find it difficult to succeed in other fields. 句中的it是形式宾语（formal object），真正的宾语（real object）是不定式to succeed in language learning，此类用法在英语中很常见，请注意掌握。如：At first I found it difficult to remember all these new words.（开始我感到记住这些单词很难。） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 外面的噪音使我无法继续工作。 （The noise outside made it difficult for me to go on with my work.） 2） 他们觉得再争论下去是浪费时间。 （They consider it a waste of time to argue any further.） 3） 她认为把真相告诉小王是对的。 （She thought it right to tell Xiao Wang the truth.） 7. Language teachers often offer advice to language learners. 本句中注意掌握动词offer的用法，请看下面的例句： 1） He offered me a cup of tea after I sat down. （我坐下后他给我端来一杯茶。） 2） What suggestions would you like to offer to those young teachers？ （对这些新教师你有什么建议要提吗？） 3） This shop offers all kinds of stationery.（这家商店供应各种文具。） 4） The old man offered me 100 yuan for the used bike. （那个老人向我出价100元买这辆旧自行车。） 5） She offered to help me with my English.（她表示愿意帮我学英语。） 句中的advice为不可数名词，其后不加s，正如课本第六页注解3所说，有许多东西在汉语中是可数的，在英语中却是不可数的。如news， information， paper 等，若要表示“一个”这类概念，就必须加a piece of这类定语，例如： a piece of news a piece of advice a sum of money a piece of bread 8. Read as much as you can. 句中的much 是副词，用副词作同等比较时，可以用as … as和so … as 这种结构，如： 1） Read as much as you can and your vocabulary will be enlarged.（尽量多阅读，你的词汇量就会扩大。） 2） We must arrange everything as well as we can.（我们要把一切尽可能地安排好。） 3） Please give me a call as soon as possible.（请尽早给我打电话。） 4） I don't speak English so well as you.（我英语讲得没你好。） 9. Practice speaking the language every day. practice 在美国英语中可以做动词也可以做名词，而在英国英语中，practice是名词，动词的拼写则是practise. 作动词用时，其后只能跟动名词，不能跟不定式。如：It is really no fun to practice running in such hot weather.（在这样炎热的天气里练跑步可真不是好玩的。） 10. Language learning research shows that successful language learners are similar in many ways. that successful language learners are similar in many ways 是宾语从句。在非正式场合下that引导宾语从句时可省略。如：I think （that） you are right. 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 小男孩承认是他打碎了窗玻璃。 （The little boy admitted that he broke the window.） 2） 大量证据表明他是有罪的。（Plenty of evidence shows that he is guilty.） 3） 我保证将会给他更多的帮助。（I promised that I would give him more help.） 11. … they discover their own way to learn the language. to learn the language 不定式做定语，例如：Is it the best way to solve the problem？（这是解决问题的方法吗？） 请翻译下面的句子： 1） 他没有勇气承认自己是无知的。（He has no courage to say that he is ignorant.） 2） 这将是一个交流思想的好机会。（This will be a good opportunity to exchange ideas.） 3） 他们在会上没有发言权。（They had no right to speak at the meeting.） 12. Instead of waiting for the teacher to explain， they try to find the patterns and rules for themselves. 动词不定式to explain和名词 teacher构成复合结构，作wait for的宾语，称为复合宾语。此类用法在英语中很常见，例如： 1） I'll get someone to repair the bike for you.（我去找人来帮你修自行车。） 2） He wants you to call him in the afternoon.（他要你下午给他打电话。） 3） The teacher is waiting for the students to answer the questions. （老师在等学生们回答问题。） 4） You can count on him to give you full support.（你放心，他会给你全力支持。） 请注意 instead of 与 instead 的区别： 1） Instead of staying at home watching TV， he went out for a walk. He didn't stay at home watching TV， instead he went out for a walk. 2） Instead of having milk for breakfast， he had a cup of coffee. He didn't have milk for breakfast， instead he had a cup of coffee. 13. When they guess wrong， they guess again. wrong常常作形容词或动词用，而本句中的wrong则作副词用。请注意下面句子中wrong的词类： 1） He was annoyed that he had been given some wrong information.（wrong adj.错误的） 2） I knew I had wronged her terribly when I gave her all the complaints.（wrong v. 冤枉） 3） The whole class burst into laughter when the teacher pronounced her name wrong.（wrong adv.错，不对）
Unit7（第20讲—第22讲） 本课主要构词法 affixation （词缀法） 1. 名词后缀 -iondefinition 2. 名词后缀 -agemarriage 3. 名词后缀 -itysecurity 4. 形容词后缀 -alagricultural，industrial，traditional，social 5. 动词后缀 -izeindustrialize 本课简介 在Families这篇课文中，作者首先告诉我们对于不同的人来说“家庭”有不同的含义，但是家庭意味着某种归属这一点是所有人的共识。作者还对核心家庭和大家庭的演变进行了分析，从中我们更可以看出家庭成员在家庭中的角色和作用的变化。 本课语言点 1. …a group of people related by blood or marriage， … 句子中的by常可与某些名词连用，在名词前面不加定冠词the，意思相当于“with regard to”，“according to”。请看下面的例句： 1） He is an Englishman by birth. （他祖籍英国。） 2） He is a teacher by profession. （他以医生为职业。） 3） By birth and by education Thomas Jefferson belonged to the highest social class， but he never looked down upon the working-class people. （按其出生和所受的教育，托马斯·杰弗逊都属于社会的了阶层，但他从来不轻视劳动人民。） relate是一个动词，在句子中的意思是“使联系”。请看例句： 1）It is not difficult for people to relate the result to the cause. （人们要把结果和原因联系起来并不困难。） 2）It might be more helpful to you if you can relate theory to practice.（如果你能把理论和实践联系起来，对你的帮助也许会更大。） relate还可解释为叙述；有关，涉及；相处得好 1） He related us a story vividly. （他生动地给我们讲述了一个故事。） 2） His talk related to the international situation. （他的讲话涉及国际形势。） 3） He relates very well to his classmates. （他和同学们相处得很好。） related可以做形容词用，意思是“有联系的，相关的。” 1） These four people are closely related to each other. （这四个人联系紧密。） 2） He is very much interesting in painting and the related arts. （他对绘画及其有关的艺术很感兴趣。） 2. …all those people descended from a common ancestor， …所有来自同一祖先的人们。 “descended from a common ancestor”是一个省略了that的定语从句，修饰people.descended from的意思是“传下，遗传”，如： 1） His family were descended from an Indian tribe. （他的家庭是印第安部落的后裔。） 2） Darwin concluded that men were descended from apes. （达尔文断定人由猿进化而来。） descend to 的意思是“屈尊，降低；转而说到” 1） The firm had descended to using nude pictures for advertising. （那家公司堕落到用*照做广告。） 2）Mr. Lee then descended to the details we had to be careful about.（李先生转而谈到了我们必须注意的细节问题。） common是一个形容词，意思是“共有的，共同的；普通的”，请看例句： 1）No doubt， this is a grammatical mistake common to beginners in English. （毫无疑问，这是英语初学者常犯的语法错误。） 2）How could you have no idea about this common knowledge？ （对这个普通常识你怎么会一无所知。） 3）They have no common interests. （他们没有共同的爱好。） 3. Some people thank of a family as a mother， a father， and their children， … think of …as …是一个很常用的词组，意思是“把…看作…”，如： 1） He often thinks of himself as a genius. （他常把自己看作为天才。） 2） The Yellow River is thought of as the cradle of the Chinese nation. （黄河被看作为中华民族的摇篮。） 与think of…as…意思相近的词组在英语中还有很多。如： regard…aslook upon…as… see…as…view…as… consider…as… 4. For others， having a family simply means having children. 本句中，having a family做主语，mean为谓语动词，having children 做宾语。mean在句中的意思是“意味着”。当mean作“意味着”解释时，在它的后面应该跟名词或者动名词，如： 1）Accepting the job would mean moving to another city. （接受这份工作将意味着我得搬到另一个城市去。） 2）A raise in the worker's salary will mean a cut in the profit. （增加工人的工资意味着利润的降低。） 当mean作“意欲，打算”解释时，在它的后面通常跟不定式，如： 1）I didn't mean to offend you. （我无意冒犯你。） 2）I meant to give you the book yesterday， but I forgot it. （我原打算昨天把书给你的，但我忘了。） 5. Some families have long histories， while others know very little about their ancestors. 请注意while的用法，在本句中while是一个表示转折意味的连词，意思是“然而”。如：Fred gambled all his money away while Jane saved every penny for her son's schooling. （弗雷德赌输了他所有的钱，而珍妮却为儿子的教育攒下每一分钱。） while在不同的语境中有不同的意思，请翻译下面的句子，注意while的词义。 1）They decided to find a less expensive place to stay while in Paris.（在巴黎期间，他们打算找个更便宜的地方住。） 2）He looked at his watch several times while talking to her. （在跟她交谈时，他看了几次表。） 3）One group of children are quiet， while the second group was very active. （一组孩子很安静，而第二组孩子非常活跃。） 4）While I have sympathy for these people， I think they are guilty. （尽管我同情这些人，但我觉得他们有罪。） 5）We will succeed while we don't lose hope. （只要我们不失去希望，我们就会成功。） 6. No matter if it is young or old， large or small traditional or modern， every family has a sense of what a family is. no matter if 连接让步状语从句，更常见的是用no matter whether.除了no matter whether以外，no matter wh-引导的让步状语从句还有：no matter what， no matter who， no matter whose， no matter which， no matter when， no matter where， no matter how等等。而用wh-ever引导让步从句也是十分常见的。请看下面的例句： 1） No matter what happens， please let me know. （无论发生什么事，请让我知道。） 2） No matter who telephones， tell him I'm out. （无论谁来电话，告诉他我出去了。） 3） No matter how hard I tried， I couldn't succeed. （无论我多努力，我总不能成功。） 4） No matter whether you believe it or not， it's truth. （无论你信不信，那总是事实。） 5） No matter where you go， I will follow you. （无论你去哪里，我都跟着你。） 6） No matter which book you like you can have it. （无论你喜欢哪本书，你都可以拿去。） 7） No matter whose money it is， we can't spend it so carelessly. （无论是谁的钱，我们都不能这样随意地花） 上述某些句子可以用wh-ever表述如下： 1） Whatever happens， please let me know. 2） Whoever telephones， tell him I'm out. 3） However hard I tried， I couldn't succeed. 4） Wherever you go， I will follow you. 5） Whichever book you like， you can have it. 7. It is that feeling of belonging， of love and security that comes from living together， helping and sharing. 本句中的it代指课文前一句中的a sense of what a family is. feeling of belonging 意思为“归属感”。 security 是一个名词，意思是“安全”。 that comes from living together， helping and sharing 是定语从句，修饰that feeling of belonging， of love and security. 8. However， with the change from an agricultural to an industrial society， many nuclear families moved away from the family home in order to find work. 本句中的however是一个表示转折意味的副词，有承接上文的作用，可以使这个句子和前面的句子连接得更紧密，有些接近连词。请看例句： 1） This， however， is not your fault. （但这不是你的错。） 2） I'd like to go with you， however， my hands are full. （我很想和你一起去，可是我忙不过来。） 句中的with是一个介词，意思是“随着”，请看例句： 1）With the change of the economic foundation， the superstructure has to be transformed too.（随着经济基础的改变，上层建筑也必须改造。） 2）With the development of science and technology， the society is changing rapidly.（随着科学技术的发展，社会在迅速地改变。） with是一个十分常用的介词，请看下面的句子，注意with的用法和词意： 1）Who will go with you？ （谁和你一起去？） 2）The teacher is very strict with us. （老师对我们很严格。） 3）At the news we all jumped with joy. （听了这个消息，我们都高兴得跳了起来。With表示原因。） 4）He wanted to kill two birds with one stone. （他想一举两得。With意为“用，以”，译法可灵活。） 5）China is a country with a large population. （中国是一个有众多人口的国家。With表示“有，带有”） 6）He finished this work with great difficulty. （他好不容易才完成了这项工作。With引起短语作方式状语。） 7）He was sitting in a chair with his hands folded. （他双手交叉在胸前坐在椅子上。With引导独立结构：with+名词+过去分词，做方式状语。） 8）What's wrong with you？ （你怎么了？with意为“就…来说”） 9）With your knowledge and experience， you are sure to find a good job. （以（凭）你的知识和经验，你肯定会找到一份好工作。） 10）With all his shortcomings， he was a nice person. （尽管他有缺点，他还是个不错的人。） 句子中的in order to find work做目的状语，除了用in order to 以外，还可以用so as to，也可以把in order，so as省去，只用不定式。请看例句： 1）He decided to study harder （so as ） to catch up with the others. （他决定加紧学习好赶上别人。） 2）He ran out in a hurry （in order） to catch the last bus. （为了赶上末班车，他匆匆向外跑去。） 9. Therefore we can say that the nuclear family becomes more important than the extended family as the society industrializes. 句子中的therefore是一个副词，通常用来表示后面将要表述的内容是前面已经表述的内容的结果，也可以用来引导一个结论。类似的表达还有：so，consequently，as a result 等等。请看例句： 1）It rained， therefore the football match was put off. （天下雨，所以足球比赛延期了。） 2）He is too careless， as a result he failed the exam. （他太粗心，所以考试没及格。） 3）He was ill for about a month， consequently he lagged behind his classmates.（他病了一个月，因此落在了同学后面。） as the society industrializes随着社会的工业化。as是一个连词，表示“当…时”。请看例句： 1）As time goes on， you'll like this place better. （随着时间的推移，你会更喜欢这个地方。） 2）As he talked on he got more and more excited. （他谈着的时候，越来越兴奋。） 本课中还有： 1）The nuclear family is becoming smaller as parents want fewer children. 2）As social scientists study these two new family forms， they will be able to tell us more about the future of the nuclear family in the post-industrial age. 10. social scientists now talk of two new family forms… 本句中的talk是一个不及物动词，在表达“谈论某人（某事）”时，talk后面应该用介词of或者about.请看例句： 1）What are you talking about？ （你们在谈什么？） 2）They are talking of visiting Mr. Zhang. （他们正谈论去看张先生的事。） 3） What do you mean when you talk about culture？ （你谈论文化时指的是什么？） Text B The Changing American Family 短语表达 1. all over We have friends all over the world. I have been looking all over for him. 2. provide for Father had to work very hard to provide food and clothes for the family. They are trying to provide some guidance for the newcomers. 3. be expected to Parents are expected to provide for their children. You are expected to be here before eight. 4. take care of The nurse took care of the old lady when her daughter was away. The cat and the dog were taken good care of. 5. on the other hand I don't think this proposal is workable. On one hand we don't have so much money， on the other hand time is too limited. 6. be considered to be He is considered to be the best candidate for the job. Father is considered to be a humorous and responsible person. 7. in addition （to） In addition， there are some magazines on the table. In addition to bread， we had some milk and eggs for breakfast. 8. make decision You have to make an immediate decision about the project. It is difficult for me to make a decision right now. 9. help with He hoped that his brother would help him with his math. At weekends I often help my mother with the housework. 10. in contrast In contrast with the low grade I got， Paul got a full mark on the biology test. Their club， in contrast， reached a membership of 2000 last year. 11. give up You will amount to nothing if you always give up easily. The doctor persuaded my father to give up smoking. 12. get ready for He got up early in the morning in order to get ready for the exam. I haven't got ready for the interview yet. 13. be busy doing Mother is busy cooking in the kitchen. The teacher is busy distributing the test papers. 14. in conclusion She will say a few words about the arrangement in conclusion. In conclusion， the old people are happy in most of the Asian countries. 15. instead of Instead of getting the bike repaired he bought a new one. Who is going to the meeting instead of you？
自考综合英语二译文怎么学？自考综合英语二译文不可能在短期内突破，所以在平时大家需要多重视和学习一些翻译技巧，建议大家还可以在考试前能进行一些新翻译材料实践。对报考要求和院校专业有任何疑问，招生老师在线免费咨询：自考英语翻译复习技巧1、熟练掌握书本内容首先大家需要对教材中的内容很熟悉，特别是书的一些重点篇目。一般来说，文学的两个单元考试的内容最少，但是这两个单元每年也都是有题的。所以，如果在没有时间再复习其他单元的情况下，还是以经济，政治，法律这三个单元为重点突破口，包括书上的课文和练习，以及练习册上的练习。2、掌握一定翻译技巧翻译是一门需要大量实践的课程，不可能在短期内突破，所以在平时大家需要多重视和学习一些翻译技巧，建议大家还可以在考试前能进行一些新翻译材料实践。3、灵活处理课外考点在复习中大家不仅要掌握书本知识，对于课外的知识也需要一定的积累。自考英语科目考试的词汇翻译大多集中在政治，经济，文化，法律和环保这几个领域中，因此考生在平时可以经常关注一些政治经济的新闻和时政要闻，积累课外知识点。4、制定合理复习策略综合以上几点，大家对于英语翻译的复习工作是比较杂的，因此大家需要制定一个合理的复习计划，而且一定要紧跟考点制定复习策略，把书上的东西完全弄懂，技巧掌握一些，课外的翻译适当的训练，积极认真准备词汇，这样这门考试肯定可以通过。自考/成人高考有疑问、不知道如何选择主考院校及专业、不清楚自考/成考当地政策，点击底部咨询猎考网，免费领取复习资料：
Unit18（第53讲—第55讲） 本课主要句型 1. Now it is hard to visualize a map that does not feature north at the top， but this was not always so. 本句中it做形式主语（formal subject），to visualize a map……。是真正的主语（real subject）。用it 做形式主语， 主要是因为主语较长，谓语较短，于是不定式常放在谓语的后面。例如： 1）It is necessary to tell him the news as soon as possible.（尽快把这消息告诉他是很必要的。） 2）It took us 30 minutes to get there by bus.（坐公共汽车到那儿花了我们30分钟时间。） 3）It made us very angry to see him talk to the old man in such an impolite manner.（看到他以如此不礼貌的方式与那位老人谈话，我们非常气愤。） 4）How much did it cost you to send the parcel express？（速递这个包裹花了你多少钱？） 请翻译下列句子，注意用做形式主语： 1）掌握一门外语不是一件容易的事。 2）能来参加这个晚宴是我们的荣幸。 3）我们不帮助他们是错误的。 4）他们拒绝采纳这个建议是不明智的。 上面的四个句子可以翻译为： 1） It is not easy to master a foreign language. 2） It is our honor to be present at this dinner party. 3） It was a mistake for us not to help them. 4） It is unwise of them to turn sown the suggestion. Visualize是一个动词，意思是 imagine （想像）。在词汇部分我们讲到过－ize是动词后缀。常用在形容词后面构成动词，如：localize（局部化，地方化）， urbanize （城市化），nationalize （使国有化）， finalize（最后定下来）visualize 这个动词，我们在第四单元中已经学过，请把下面两个句子译成英语，注意使用 visualize： 1）我难以想像等待着我的将会是什么。 2）一整天，他都在想像着将在教堂举行的婚礼。 这两句话可以译为： 1） I cannot visualize what is waiting for me. 2） He has been visualizing the wedding ceremony to be held at the church for the whole day. ……this was not always so中的 so 是个代词，意思是“如此，这样”，如： 1）――I think you made the wrong decision. ――Is that so？ （是这样吗？） 2）It is not necessary to find out why it is so.（去了解为什么如此是没有必要的。） 3）I believe so.（我相信是这样。） 2. The oldest known map in the accepted sense of the word was drawn about 3，800BC， and represents the river Euphrates flowing through northern Mesopotamia， Irag. 本句中的known是过去分词做形容词用，意思是“已知的”，在某些语境中，known意为“的”。如： 1）This is the most dangerous substance known to man.（这是人类已知的最危险的物质。） 2）It has become a well known holiday resort.（这儿已成为的度假胜地。） in the…sense of the word 意思是“就这个词的…意义上而言”，如： 1）It is a miracle in the true sense of the word.（这是真正的奇迹。） 2）That is an adventure in every sense of the word.（那才叫冒险。） sense是个常用词，请看下面的句子，注意sense的词意。 1） He has a great sense of humor.（他很有幽默感。） 2） There is some common sense in what he says.（他所说的话有些道理。） 3） What's the sense of doing that since it is already late？（既然已经晚了，做那件事还有什么意义呢？） 4） She came to her senses after a blood transfusion. （输血之后，他苏醒过来。） 5） In a sense what he said is true.（在某种意义上说，他说的话是正确的。） 6） Her explanation doesn't make any sense.（她的解释讲不通。） 7） I cannot make sense of what has written.（她写的东西我弄不懂。） 3. This and others that followed it， were little more than rough sketches of localized features； it was not until many centuries later that the ancient Greeks placed the science of map-making on a sound-footing. 本句中的前一个it是代指上句中的the oldest known map. Little more than 的意思是 almost no more than（只不过是）。请注意下列句子中的little的意思： 1） He is little better than a bookworm. （他简直跟书呆子差不多。） 2） That is little short of open scorn.（那简直就是公然藐视。） It was not until…that…。是一个常见的强调句型，意思是“直到…才”。如： 1） It was not until the cat emerged from behind the bushes that I noticed it.（直到猫从灌木后面出来，我才注意到它。） 2） It was not until he called me that I realized there was a meeting in the afternoon.（直到他给我打电话我才想起下午有个会。） 3） It was not until several weeks later that the stolen car was found.（几个星期以后那辆失窃的汽车才被找到。） 请翻译下列句子，注意使用上述句型。 1）直到20世纪60年代人类才实现登上月球的梦想。 2）直到昨天他才被告知真相。 3）直到妈妈来幼儿园接他，那孩子才停止哭泣。 这三个句子可以翻译为： 1） It was not until the 1960S that man realized the dream of landing on the moon. 2） It was not until yesterday that he was told the truth. 3） It was not until mother came to the kinder-garter to collect him that the boy stopped crying. place sth. on a sound footing 意思是“把…置于坚实的基础上”。 4. The last great scientist of the classical period， he was the first to draw a map that was based on all available knowledge， rather than guess or imagination. The last great scientist of the classical period， 在本句中做同位语，对主语he作进一步的补充说明。 Be based on 意思是“以……为基础”。 Guess在句中做名词用，意思是“推测，猜想”。 Rather than在本句中的意思相当于instead of “而不是”。 1）I have used some simple words rather than the difficult ones.（我用了一些简单词汇而不是难词。） 2）He bought two books rather than one.（他买了两本书而不是一本。） 3）Rather than go back on his word， he kept his promise.（他没有食言，而是言而有信。） 5. Given the state of knowledge of those times， he got things wrong， …… 在第十五单元中，我们学过given这个介词，意思是“考虑到”，在本句中given仍是这个意思，请再看两个例句： 1）Given the poor working condition， you cannot expect the workers to be very efficient.（考虑到工作条件差，你不能指望工人们的效率很高。 2）Given the bad weather， we have to change our plan.（基于天气不好，我们得改变计划。） Times在本句中的意思是“时代”，如： 1）The times are different， women are now equal to man.（时代不同了，现在男女平等了。） 2）In modern times， the development of science and technology is accelerating.（近代科学技术在加速发展。） 3）In the difficult times， many people died of hunger.（在那限难时世，许多人因饥饿而死。） 6. …since Ptolemy had calculated wrongly the size of the Atlantic and was unaware that the pacific ocean existed. 本句中的since引导的是一个原因状语从句，如： 1）Since so many people are absent， we'd better put off the meeting.（既然如此多的人缺席，我们将此会延期。） 2）I won't blame you since you know nothing about it.（既然你对此一无所知，我就不会怪你。） Unaware与aware一样是形容词，其用法也与aware相同，be unaware of…， be unaware that…。 1）I was unaware of his presence.（我没注意到他在场。） 2）He was unaware that he had been followed.（他不知道他被跟踪了。） 7. The reason for this was that he decided to orientate the map in the direction of the pole star since Polaris was the immovable guiding light in which the voyagers of the era placed their trust. 本句中，that引导的是一个表语从句。表语从句的结构为： 主语+连系动词+表语从句。表语从句也可用where， why， how引导。如： 1） The reason for his absence was that he was ill.（他缺席的原因是他病了。） 2） That was why I hated it.（这就是我不喜欢这个的原因。） 3） That is how he cheated people.（他就是用这种方式人的。） Which所引导的是一个定语从句修饰guiding light限定性定语从句如果修饰“物”，关系代词that和which都可用，但在介词的后面只能用which，在口语中一般把介词放到从句后部去，这时则可以用that.如： 1） This is the question about which we had a discussion last night.（这就是我们昨晚讨论的问题。） This is the question that we. Had a discussion about last night. 2） This is the fact on which we base our opinion.（我们的观点就是建立在这个事实之上的。） This is the fact that we base our opinion on. Trust在句中做名词用，place （put） trust in sb/sth 信任某人（某事）。 1）I don't have any trust in him.（我对他一点也不信任。） 2）Have some trust in the future everything will be OK.（对未来有点信心吧，一切都会好起来。） 3） The old lady placed great trust in her grandson.（那位老太太对她孙子非常信任。） 8. North at the top remained the accepted arrangement until the early Middle Ages， when the church began to interfere seriously with the advance of science. 本句中when引导一个由逗号把前面句子隔开的句子，其意思相当于at the time.如： 1） The party has been put off until next week， when we can get better prepared.（晚会被推迟到下周，那时我们能准备得更好些。） 2） We will wait have until 6， when the manager can spare us a few minutes.（我们在这儿等到6点，那时经理就能给我们几分钟了。） Interfere with意思是“妨碍”，如： 1） Bad dietary habits often interfere with health.（不良的饮食习惯常常妨碍健康。） 2） The interests of the two countries do not interfere with each other.（这两国相互间没有利害冲突。） 9. Once again， north assumed its rightful place at the top of maps. 在第十五单元的Text B中，我们已经学过assume这个词 It has long been assumed that aggression is caused by male hormones.（长期以来，人们认定好斗是由男性荷尔蒙引起的。） 在本句中assume的意思是acquire（获得，取得） 请注意下列例句中assume的意思： 1）I assume the misunderstanding will be cleared up.（我认定这误会会消除。） 2）He assumed the report to be unreliable.（他猜那报告不可靠。） 3） Farmers will have a good harvest ， assuming that the weather is favorable.（假如风调雨顺，农民将会有好收成。） 4） Who will assume the costs of running a school？ （谁来负担开设一所学校的费用？） 5） He assumed a leading position last May.（去年五月，他担任领导职务。） 6） Hitler assumed power in 1933.（希特勒于1933年夺得政权。） 7） He assumed full control of the company.（他完全控制了这家公司。） 本课主要词组 1. in the sense of 2. more than 3. be based on 4. rather than 5. attempt to do sth 6. in the form of 7. in search of 8. at the top 9. in the direction of 10. place trust in 11. interfere with 12. in accordance with 13. from…point of view 14. reliance on Text B You Have a Choice 短语表达 1. side by side They are sitting side by side. We walked side by side along the river. 2. be seated Please be seated， I will fix you a cup of coffee. The hostess was seated with the guests when I hurried in. 3. ahead of The boy is running ahead of his classmates. I believe we can finish the work ahead of time. 4. be certain of I cannot be certain of the time of their arrival. Can you be certain of the truth of his utterance？ 5. bring about The new policy is sure to bring about a lot of changes. What Father said has brought about a profound change in his personality. 6. account for This excuse cannot account for your absence. Her explanation doesn't account for the failure. 7. regardless of All of you will be given a chance regardless of your age and sex. Regardless of which method you choose， the result will be the same. 8. make a difference Whether he comes or not will not make any difference. I hope my participation will make a difference. 9. lead to Excessive smoking may lead to lung cancer. The misunderstanding led to a bad quarrel. 10. pull out of The train pulled out of the station at 10：00. When do you think the car will pull out of the garage？ 11. for sure I don't know for sure who will be in charge of this department. He couldn't tell for sure what was in the distance. 12. apply to It is hard to apply the rule to real work. It is necessary that the theory be applied to practice. 13. deal with He is hard to deal with. I have no idea how to deal with this situation.
自考英语专业本科时候会碰到英语翻译这门课程，对于自考本科英语翻译这门课，你是如何学习和备考？小编给大家整理了一些复习小窍门，供大家参考。一、语法过关翻译讲求“信、达、雅”，而“信”是基石。从这个方面讲，语法的重要性甚于词汇。书面翻译几乎是所有科目里最要求准确把握语法结构的，在学习翻译前语法一定要掌握牢固，否则翻译出来会结构混乱、不合原文。建议语法基础不强的人学习语法教程（书本视频皆可，效果第一）。二、课本和资料的利用课本（《英汉互译教程》）的内容在试卷上占分并不多，第一题单词短语翻译占一半，第二题翻译修改、第三题语句翻译会有少量涉及，第四题段落翻译则完全不会出原文，属于开放题。总体占分有20分左右，绝大部分是对比赏析，也就是课文的内容，课后的翻译实践几乎不会出题，时间有限者可忽略（楼主就没看）。课文的主要功能是介绍正确的翻译方法，即如何做到“达、雅”，以避免不符合译入语尤其是汉语的翻译腔。这是翻译非常忌讳的一点，没有系统学习过翻译的人很容易发生。同时课本内容的占比对于想冲击学位的人也很重要，课本上有很多的政治、经济、文化等专有名词，是单词短语翻译的常考点，需记忆。翻译资料和大部分科目一样，是一考通题库和自考通全真模拟。这两本书建议用于考前冲刺练习，熟悉考试风格结构。需要重点关注翻译修改题，熟悉各种常见题型，例如用词错误、语法错误、不符合译入语规范等。三、尽量掌握一些翻译的技巧翻译是一门需要大量实践的课程，不可能在短期内突破，或是像雅思，托福等考试那样去如何猜题。所以，每个老师在上课的过程中提到的一些翻译技巧就显得十分重要，每个老师在表达翻译技巧时也有不同的方法和方式，实际上内容是完全一样的。比如说增词减词、词型转换、从大到小的译法、偏正短语的主谓译法等等，这都需要大家在最后阶段复习的时候能够拿出来用一用的技巧。如果能在考试前能进行一些新翻译材料实践的话，那就更好了。四、关注时事主要针对单词短语翻译。例如10月“Brexittalks”——英国脱欧谈判，便是典型的时事题。平时可以多看看一些有中英对照的新闻网站，比如中国日报（ChinaDaily）。